[Music] [Music] When can you connect Solar panels in series or in parallel with the advantages of series connection with the advantages of parallel connection and which of the two connections brings more efficiency to your system So guys, I prepared this content with a lot of affection and dedication because this knowledge that I'm going to transmit to you here through this video will certainly make all the difference you are not yet subscribed here on the channel So take advantage of this opportunity click right there on that subscribe button but also the Tinkerbell option so you can always receive notifications of when to post the videos and let's go now to what matters So guys to start first you have to learn that you can connect in parallel and when you have to connect in series so you can see here I put tr Here are examples of battery banks Here we are going to see the voltage of the battery bank and we are going to see what the charging voltage is needed for each battery bank as you can see here in this first example we have two 150Ah batteries and their connection here is parallel as you can see here the negative of this first battery connected to the negative of the second battery positive of the first battery connected to the positive of the second battery in the parallel connection we add the current value so 150Ah from this battery but 150Ah from this battery and it will remain the same attention so here we have a battery bank of 12 volts and 300Ah and now what is the charging voltage needed here for this battery bank at 12 volts So I'll tell you the minimum value of charging voltage for the battery bank at 12 volts is 14.4 volts if I have, for example, this bank of batteries here, these batteries have a voltage of 12.6 volts if I apply a voltage of 12.6 volts here, I do not I can charge these batteries there must be a potential difference there must be a voltage difference the voltage that I will apply to the voltage that is at that moment for these batteries to charge and this minimum charge value is 14.4 volts here I come for this second example here, now I have two 150Ah batteries connected in series as you can see here the positive on the first battery connected to the negative of the second battery and I have available here for use the negative of the first battery and the positive of the second battery in this case here in the series connection we add the voltage value with 12 volts in this first battery plus 12 volts in this second battery and the current value remains the same So in this case here we have a battery bank with 24 volts and 150Ah with minimal attention required then charging the battery bank at 24 volts this value is 28.8 volts and now in this other example here with four batteries connected in series As Four batteries those of 150Ah as you can see here the positive of the first battery connected to the negative of the second positive of the second battery connected to the negative of the third and positive of the third battery is connected to the negative of the fourth battery available for use here is the negative of the first battery and the positive of the fourth battery in this case also the series connection we add here the voltage values 12 volts of this first battery plus 12 volts this second battery 24 volts plus 12 volts of this third battery 36 volts but 12 volts in the fourth battery 48 volts So we have here a bank of batteries at 48 volts of 150 amps and the voltage needed here to charge this bank of batteries is a voltage of 57.6 volts so you learned here with the minimum charge necessary for each voltage of batteries now let's go to the connection examples here, regarding the panel arrangements, I have a system with a 12-volt battery bank and two 150-watt panels to carry out this task. As you can see here is the technical data on this 150 watts panel so here its maximum power peak power 150 watts is nominal pay close attention here look at 17.91 volts and its nominal current is 8.38 amps so do you remember the voltage value which is needed to charge the battery bank at 12 volts 14.4 volts So this means that these panels here They already have enough voltage to be able to charge the battery bank at 12 volts So guys this connection then the connection here will be in parallel in the parallel connection we add the current value of each panel So let's take here, 8.38 amps from this first panel , let's add it to 8.38 amps from this second panel . there is no loss in the parallel connection, let's take it here Guys, this voltage value is the Total voltage value here in this arrangement let's multiply it by the current value of this arrangement that this value was here, the sum, right, the 16.76 amps So let's have a power here of 300 watts as you can see is the equivalent value here the sum of the two panels So we don't have any power loss in this connection here in parallel So let's connect the panels in parallel for this system in the parallel connection, we take the positive of this first panel with the positive of the second panel, we join them with the mc4 connector in Y, we now take the negative of this first panel with the negative of the second panel, we also join them here with the MC4 connector in Y right, so the parallel connection is this one, where we join positive with positive negative with negative and here we take the positive and negative cable to the breaker and from the breaker to the charge controller so closing the connection of this system here if I have 12 volt batteries and there are panels of 150 so with them connected in parallel and enough voltage to charge Here the battery bank, pay attention that I am not relating the capacity here, right How much battery has it is just an example quoting for you that what attention is needed for charging the battery bank sizing the battery bank I already have several videos here on the channel so if you haven't subscribed yet oveita signs up and does a search and you 'll find and there are also several projects where I scale there part by part that I already have. now a bank of batteries connected in series and at 24 Volts with the same two 150 watt panels What voltage is needed to charge these batteries at 24 volts attention is needed is 28.8 volts so here if we were to connect in parallel in this case it would not work it would not have enough voltage to charge these batteries . on this 35.82 volt connection Then yes, it already has the necessary value to charge batteries, it has a value above 28.8 volts and here goes p keep the same current value, right, the 8.38 amperes there, so you can see that there is no loss in this arrangement, let's multiply here the 8.38 amperes times the voltage value here in the arrangement, the total voltage value, which is the 35.82 volts and we will have a value here of 300 watts also which is equivalent to the sum of the two panels here so there is also no power loss in the series connection so we will make the connection here of this system in series we take the negative of the first panel here we connected it to the positive of the second panel and it will remain here for today positive in this first panel and negative in this second panel where we connected the cables here we will take it to the circuit breaker and from this circuit breaker to the charge controller There is this system here that has a 24 Volt battery bank with 150 watt panels there is a lot of thanks in series so that they have the necessary attention there to charge the batteries here now comes the question if I have a battery bank at 12 volts and you I have two 150 watt panels I can either connect them in parallel or I can also connect them in series and that is clear if the charge controllers are MPPT if it is a PWM charge controller Then yes I also have to connect the panels in parallel to the battery bank at 12 volts if I connect them in series I will have the generation as if it were just a 150 watt panel so I will have losses but in this case here of the MPPT charge controller so it will do the conversion, it has the algorithm there where it will reduce the voltage value, right in the case here of the 35, 36 volts to 14.4 volts and it will increase the current from here to the battery bank so it has this compensation But which of these two connections here is more for you or which of these two connections here is more efficient So let's do it First let's talk a little here the advantage of connecting the panels in parallel the advantage of connecting the panels in parallel is that I have no problem with shading losses if one of these panels here is shaded So let's say that this panel is shaded it will lose its efficiency there 50 %. let's say that it can only generate 75 watts and this other one here is not shaded this other one will generate its maximum efficiency the 150 watts it will not be reached there will be no loss and that for two to three to four panels already here in the series connection if I have this panel here affected by shadow and it reduces this generation by 50% it starts to only supply 75 watts this second panel here will also only supply 75 watts and so it would be if there were three four five panels in series it would only go the same capacity of the one that is shaded so in this case the generation is limited to what is less efficient and now I tell you the advantage of the series connection in relation to the parallel connection as you can see a simpler connection in relation to the connection in parallel as it works with smaller currents since the connection in series we only add attention so we can also use cables of smaller gauges in relation to the connection in parallel Let's cite the example here look if I have four panels disconnected in parallel So it wouldn't be the 4 mm cable to use here would it be the 6 mm cable if I have four panels disconnected in series or the connection serves parallel I stay here with the 4 MM cable it could be even in the series connection here, up to less than 4mm, but these cables for connection and photovoltaic panels, the specific cables, it is difficult for us to find a supplier that has smaller gauge cables, that's why the minimum we put in is 4 MM So in this case you may have a cost reduction there with the material cables and smaller gauges are cheaper and less components in the case here of the parallel connection was necessary Here the connection of MP4 connectors depending on the number of panels you can also use more cables to divide this current that will go down through them so you are the one who decides which of these two options is more advantageous is it more advantageous to reduce the cost of the connection and the purchase of materials or is it more advantageous to connection here in parallel where you have less risk of losses shading now of these two types of connection here which one is more efficient So as you can see here look I have this graph this is a graph that shows the conversion deficiency curves this graph I took the Extra 34 15 model from the EPI charge controller manual, this is a 30 ampere MT charge controller that works with intentions from 12 to 48 volts and this study to generate this graph here it was made even better condition generation of panels with a lighting intensity of 1000 Watts per square meter and at a room temperature of 25 degrees, because if you don't know, this temperature here of 25 degrees is the most suitable temperature for your panel to ingest as much as it can many people they think that the more heat the hotter the day is the better the non-personal generation if you have a temperature around 30 35 degrees 40 degrees you will be losing efficiency temperature of your panels What matters is not the temperature what matters is the solar radiation so for those who already have solar energy systems for a long time it has already passed there for the period of winter summer spring autumn you have already realized that in the days of winter where is It's a cold day, but the solar radiation is very good. It's on these days that the panels reach their maximum generation, so let us know in the comments if you've already observed that . 34 with 68 volts for a nominal voltage of the battery bank at 12 volts, which was the case that we showed here in these connections in the example here to remove doubts What is the best connection for the battery bank at 12 volts? here is their voltage if you have connected in parallel 17 volts if you have connected here two in series 34 volts and 68 volts if it were four panels connected in series so here guys this graph is of the deficiency curve as you can see here on this axis ok the conversion efficiency the values here in percentage and here on this other axis here is the load power a load controller like that of 30 amps for a 12 volt system so it works with panel power of up to 390 watts there you can see you know when the voltage is applied to the array of 17 volts see what its efficiency here is much higher here at 96% right and observe that with the load power here from 50 to around 230 watts is where it and here there is maximum efficiency above 96%, going from these 230 watts here, approaching 390 watts, which is the maximum value of power that the charge controller supports . What we should take into account here in this graph is that when we use a load controller, it is working relieved without forcing it too much, without putting the maximum disability on it, it works better, but the loss of disability is also minimal, as you can see it's still around 94% So guys, what we've learned from this graph is that the smaller the difference between the panel arrangement voltage and the battery bank voltage, the smaller that difference is to make the conversion more efficient. your system Following here with personal examples in this case here now a 340 watt panel to connect here in the system at 24 volts the 340 watt panel it has with a nominal rating of 37.5 volts, so it already has the minimum voltage necessary to charge the batteries connected in series at 24 volts . I can connect these panels in series adding the attention of the two panels here with a voltage of 75 volts I can use the charge controller to charge the batteries here at 24 volts But once here I ask you the question which of the two here is more advantageous here for this graph you can see here if I have the Panels in parallel so close to this voltage here at 34 volts I will have greater efficiency if I connect them in series so I will have a little less deficiency here again too you You can see that efficiency trend here with this 30-ampere charge controller for the 24-volt system, it will support up to 780 watts, then you can see that it has a very efficient good so far close to 400 watts when it goes beyond that it decreases its efficiency a little and also guys now another example now if I have a bank of batteries at 48 volts four batteries connected in series and I have two panels of 340 watts then with the parallel connection where the same voltage will remain there would not have enough voltage to charge these batteries that in the connection here of 48 volts we have to have a voltage of 57.6 volts so here we would have to obligatorily legal the panels in series forming the 75 volts then I would pay attention above 57.6 volts and I would be able to charge this bank of batteries showing the table here for you this graph you can observe here look carefully around 68 volts there it has a maximum deficiency here and you observe that trend here, right? here, it's more linear, it has good efficiency here, from 600 watts it comes and goes and even reaches the maximum it supports here, right, the charge controller of 30 amps at 48 volts, which is 1,560 watts So, folks, after this video, I hope you learned a lot from this content. If you liked it, leave this like to strengthen it. is not yet subscribed here on the channel, take advantage of this opportunity click on the subscribe button but also the Tinker Bell option so you can always receive notifications when I post a video a big hug stay with God and wait for you here in the next videos
