- [Jared] The best way to
learn about the Titanic is to see it in 3D. We'll start at the top on the boat deck and then go through the ship deck by deck. My favorite is the very
bottom of the ship, which has the engines which
powers this massive ship. This is going to be a full tour so I hope to share with you a few things you may not know about the Titanic. (electronic sounds) Big thanks to The Ridge
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and learn about the Titanic. (majestic music) Most people today are familiar with the story of the Titanic. But just in case, let's
go over the basics. The Titanic was built in Belfast,
Ireland starting in 1909. Three years later, the ship was finished and ready for its maiden voyage, or in other words, first
trip across the ocean. Most passengers set sail
from Southampton, England. Then it picked up a few more passengers in France and then Ireland. Then finally, we set sail
across the ocean to New York. But of course, the Titanic never makes it. Four days into her journey, she hits an iceberg in
the middle of the ocean. It only takes about two and a half hours for the ship to sink. There were only enough lifeboats for about half of the people. However, these lifeboats
were not filled all the way. Sadly, only about 700 people survived. Now, here we are, more
than a hundred years later, and this is still the most
famous ship in history. The Titanic was referred to
as an Olympic Class liner. There were three of them, sometimes referred to as sister ships. The Titanic sunk because of an iceberg, and then the Britannic
sunk after hitting a mine in World War I. The Olympic, however, had
a fairly successful career of about 24 years. All three sister ships
were almost identical. Just a few details were
changed on the inside. When they finished building the Titanic, it was the largest ship in the world, being only a little bit
heavier than the Olympic. The ship was 269 meters long. But to put this in perspective,
here's a comparison to the world's largest cruise ship today. (soft music) The full name is the RMS Titanic, and RMS stands for Royal Mail Ship. And in fact, yes, the Titanic did indeed carry plenty of mail on board. I'll show you where a little bit later. Let's look at some of the details on the outside of the ship. The front of the ship is called the bow. The back of the ship is called the stern. Then instead of using left and right, they use port and starboard. Now, these are general sailing terms that are still in use today,
not just for the Titanic. On the ship, we have four funnels. Coal is burned down below and the smoke comes up the funnels. Only three of the funnels are used. The fourth one was added mainly for looks. The builders thought it
might appear more powerful with a fourth one. However, this fourth
funnel is still helpful for ventilation down below. These two large poles are
what they call the mast. It was used as supports
for the radio antennas and also to carry the flags. Towards the front of the ship, you can see the crow's nest. This is where the lookout
spotted the iceberg, only a little bit too late. The area in the front is
called the forecastle deck. You can see the massive chains
that attach to the anchors at the very front. Going to the back of the ship, this area is called the poop deck. And, no, this has nothing
to do with bodily functions. It originated from the Latin word, puppis, which literally means stern of the ship. So there you go, poop deck. I'm still getting used to the name, but that's what they called it. This raised part is
called the docking bridge. It was used by the crew
to help guide the ship into the harbor. The Titanic also had several
electric cargo cranes to help with loading and
unloading at the docks. There's also more cranes
at the front of the ship. The Titanic had three massive propellers underneath the water. For comparison, here's
the size of a person. The propellers are powered by
the ship's massive engines. We'll learn about how these
work later in the video. This is the rudder used to steer the ship. The ship was designed and
built over a hundred years ago. That means no computers,
no 3D design software. This was all designed by hand. To me, that's incredible
engineering and craftsmanship. The Titanic had 10 decks inside. The very top deck is called the boat deck. Then below, they labeled the decks with the letters A through G, but each of these decks
also had another name, so you could call it A
Deck or Promenade Deck, B Deck or Bridge Deck, and so on. Then for the bottom two,
we have the Orlop Deck and the Tank Top. This area has a lot of the
ship's engines and machinery. Passengers are not allowed down here. Let's see this from another point of view. Let's cut the ship right down the middle and see what this looks like. (singer vocalizing) A few things to point out,
the first three funnels, you can see how they
are connected down below to the boilers. They take the smoke and
give it a place to go. Then, just like we talked about earlier, that fourth funnel isn't really needed. However, it still
provided some ventilation to the decks below. The first class passengers
had two sets of stairs, a forward grand staircase
and the aft grand staircase. The forward grand staircase
went all the way down to E Deck. Directly in front of it
is the three elevators. Then we have the aft
grand staircase over here, which doesn't go down quite
as far, only down to C Deck. Then here we have the staircases for the second class passengers, and then the staircase for
the third class passengers in the very back of the ship. This was all close to
the steering machinery. This is why third class
was sometimes referred to as steerage passengers. So cabins for the third
class passengers are here towards the lower decks. And here's where the second
class passengers are. And the first class passengers got to stay on the highest decks and
have some of the best views. So hopefully that gives you an idea of the layout of the ship. Now, let's go through each deck, starting with the boat deck. (rhythmic music) It gets its name because this is the deck where the lifeboats were stored. They split the deck space
into several different areas. As a second class passenger, the view of the ocean would
be blocked by these lifeboats. For the first class passengers, most of the deck doesn't have lifeboats. The builders wanted to make sure that the first class passengers
had the best view possible. This was one of the
reasons why the Titanic didn't have enough lifeboats. So the ship had 20 lifeboats in total, enough for about half
of the people on board. The idea at the time was that
the Titanic was unsinkable. If an accident happened, these lifeboats would only be needed to
ferry passengers and crew over to a rescue ship. As we all know, not
having enough lifeboats was a very bad idea. Each lifeboat is hanging
on what's called a davit. If and when it's time
to launch the lifeboat, the davit is swung out, fill
the boat with passengers, and then lower it into the water. (light airy music) Up towards the front of
the boat is the bridge. This is the control center for the ship. This area is the wheel house, which is a good place to
warm up on a cold night. There are two wheels to
control the ship's rudder. And then this is the
engine order telegraph. They use these to communicate
directly with the engine room. The bridge officer rotates the handle to whatever speed they want to go, and then the engineer moves his handle to confirm that they got the order. Behind this area is where
some of the crew would sleep so they could be close to the bridge. This is the captain's quarters, some of the officers' quarters, and an officers' smoke room. This is the Marconi Wireless Room. This is where they use Morse code to communicate with
other ships in the area. Here's some rooms for just a few of the first class passengers. Here's the oh-so famous Grand Staircase. It has skylights up above
to let in natural light during the day. This is the gymnasium, with various pieces of
equipment to exercise. Here's the officers' mess, and the engineers' smoke room. At the very back is the
second class entrance, which leads down below. So that's the boat deck, the
very top deck on the Titanic. Underneath is A Deck, also
known as the Promenade Deck. Plenty of covered areas to walk
around the edge of the ship, with amazing views towards the ocean. There are first class
rooms at the very front, ladies' lavatory here, and gentlemens' lavatory here, the grand staircase, and of course some exits to
get out onto the promenade. Here's the first class
reading and writing room, and the first class lounge, the aft grand staircase, two more first class rooms, and then the first class smoke room. This is where the men would
gather after dinnertime. The last is the Veranda
Cafe and Palm Court, which served refreshments for
the first class passengers. This is B Deck, also
known as the Bridge Deck. Towards the front of the ship,
we have the Forecastle Deck. We saw this earlier in the video. And then this is the center section. Most of this is taken
up by first class rooms. Plenty of access to the gentlemens' and ladies' lavatories. Some of the first class rooms actually have their own
dedicated bathrooms. These are the parlour suites,
each with a private promenade. It's about as nice as you
could get onboard the Titanic. This is the first class boarding entrance. At the dock, this is where
the first class passengers would come aboard the ship. Here's the elevators and both the forward
and aft grand staircase. This is the galley,
pantry, and general areas to prepare food, the A la Carte Restaurant,
and the Cafe Parisien. These were luxury dining
options for the first class. This back area here is for
the second class passengers. Stairways here, and then the second class smoke room. And as part of the B Deck, you have the poop deck in the very back. This was used as a third class promenade. That means we have the
first class promenade, second class promenade, and
then the third class promenade. That way, everyone had
access to the decks up above. Okay, C Deck, also known
as the Shelter Deck. This is the highest
deck to go continuously from the front of the ship
all the way to the back. Starting at the very
front, we have some areas where some of the crew
members would eat their meals. Then the open deck right here, they call this the well deck. And most of the space here is taken up by first class rooms. The lavatories are here. And there's even a barbershop here. This is the maids and valets' saloon. It's where servants of
first class passengers ate. The second class stairs here, and the second class library here. Then we have the other well deck, and the third class smoke room, the third class general room, and then the third class stairs, which lead to the decks down below. In the very back, this
holds the steering gear and then the two steering engines. These engines were used to move the gear, which then rotates the
ship's rudder directly below. The steering engines are
controlled by the wheels that we saw earlier on the bridge. On occasion, they can
also use a third wheel on the docking bridge up above So that was C Deck. Now let's move on down below to D Deck, also known as the Saloon Deck. Up at the front, you have
the rooms for the firemen. These men worked with the boilers at the very bottom of the ship. This is the firemen's stairs. These extend all the way
to the bottom of the ship. The third class covered promenade, lots of walking space here, more first class rooms, another first class
entrance onto the ship, first class reception room, and the first class dining saloon. There were some fancy
meals served around here. This area is where a lot of the food was stored and prepared. This is the hospital with a
few rooms for sick patients, second class dining saloon, second class rooms, and third class rooms in the very back. Now let's move on to E Deck,
also known as the Upper Deck. This had a lot more
rooms for crew members, including engineers, cooks, stewards, waiters, seamen, and trimmers. This is called the crew alleyway, or another name was the Scotland Road. It was kind of the main corridor that crew members could use. Here's the third class
entrance onto the ship, third class rooms, and the third class lavatory. More first class rooms
on this side of the ship. And the E Deck was the lowest deck that you could take the grand staircase and also for the elevators. Second class rooms here and third class rooms here. Notice how this deck is low enough that we're starting to
see the ship's engines. This is F Deck, also
known as the Middle Deck. (singer vocalizing) More crew members sleep up front here. Here's third class rooms, the swimming pool. Titanic was one of the first ocean liners to offer a swimming pool. This is the Turkish bath, which provided luxury bath services for first class passengers. Third class dining saloon, third class pantry, galley, and other areas to prepare food, more rooms for crew members, second class rooms here, and third class rooms here. This is G Deck, also
known as the Lower Deck. This is the last deck that
is above the waterline, and the last deck to have
rooms for passengers and crew. Here's rooms for crew members, some third class rooms, post office, first class baggage, and this is the squash racquet court. It's a game similar to racquetball. Now we're starting to see
more of the ship's machinery. I'll explain this once we get
down below to the Bottom Deck. The saloons, restaurant, and
cafes stored food down here, so things like fruits,
vegetables, meat, flour, and milk. At the very back is more room
for third class passengers. This is the Orlop Deck. Notice how it only has deck
space in the very front and very back of the ship. Lots of room to store cargo at the front. First and second class baggage here, and the mail room is here. Again, more space for
machinery here and the engines. Refrigerated cargo and
other food at the back. And a tiny space here for even more cargo, lots of cargo, all right. This is the Tank Top, the
lowest level on the Titanic. At the front of the ship is
carnival rides for the kids. Just kidding. There's more cargo here, perfect space for this kind of thing. The firemen's stairs lead
all the way down here. This is the firemen's passage. It allowed direct access
over to the boiler rooms. Okay, this is where things
start to get exciting. The boilers, these burn
coal to then generate steam for the ship's engines. The Titanic has six boiler rooms, so boiler Room 1, Boiler Room 2, and then 3, 4, 5, and
6, 29 boilers in total. Boiler Room 1 has five
single-ended boilers. This means you can only put coal into one side of the boiler. Boiler Room 2 through 6
has double-ended boilers, so coal can go into both
sides of the boiler. Coal bunkers are placed
between each boiler room. So these were filled with coal before they left for their journey. Working in the boiler
rooms was very difficult. It was hot, and humid, and
work was extremely tiring. The firemen were the crew
members who had the job of keeping these boilers fed with coal. Let's take a look inside
one of these boilers. The coal goes in through here, and the fire will heat the water, which will generate steam. This will also produce smoke that travels through the smoke tubes and then up through the
boiler exhaust uptakes, which then goes to one of the
first three of the funnels. The steam that gets produced
will travel through the pipes towards the back of the ship. It takes as much as 24 hours
to start producing steam so they have to start preparing long before the ship
will leave the harbor. This steam makes it all
the way to the engine room. Inside of this room are two
reciprocating steam engines. These engines were three stories tall. Even by today's standards,
that's enormous. Inside of each engine,
there are four cylinders. Inside of each cylinder is a piston. The steam comes in and pushes
the piston up and then down. This happens over and over. All four cylinders working together turn the shaft down below. Each shaft goes out through
the back of the ship and connects to the propellers. Don't forget, there's a third
propeller blade at the middle, but this one is powered
by a different engine. Leftover steam from the
reciprocating engines goes to the next room, which has the low pressure turbine engine. The steam is used to
turn the center shaft, which then turns the third
propeller blade out the back. So the outside propeller
blades are powered by the reciprocating steam engines, and the center propeller is powered by the low pressure turbine engine. The leftover steam from the turbine engine goes to the condensers. This turns the steam into water again, where it can then be
recycled back to the boilers. Freshwater was stored in large tanks here. This could be used as drinking
water throughout the ship. This is the electric engine room. There are four electric
engines that use steam to make electricity for the entire ship. There were also two backup
engines behind here. On the night the Titanic sank, This area of the ship didn't take on water until the very end. The electricians kept these motors running as long as possible to keep the lights on. They were heroes. The Titanic had a system
of 15 watertight bulkheads, which made 16 watertight compartments. If the ship was damaged
and water started filling one of these compartments,
it shouldn't spill over into any of the others, or
at least that's the idea. The watertight bulkheads
separate the lower decks on the Titanic. For example, there are
watertight bullheads between every coal bunker. But the crew members need
to be able to get through these bulkheads. That's why they used watertight doors. Normally, they remained open. But in an emergency, they could be closed in just a few seconds. These watertight compartments
were originally said to have made the ship unsinkable. When the Titanic hit the iceberg, it scraped along the
starboard side of the ship. Many of the forward
compartments started flooding. It proved to be too much, and the Titanic was doomed to sink. My name's Jared. I create 3D animations to show
and explain how things work. Click the cards to watch another video or click here to subscribe. Thanks for watching, and
I'll see you next time.
