This Miles was here of Stated Clearly was
made possible through generous donations by Bird and Moon Comics Incorporated ProofAvenue and contributions from individual
viewers like you. Stated Clearly Presents What is Evolution? In biology, the Theory of Evolution doesn't tell us
exactly how life began on earth - but it helps us understand how life - once it came into existence - diversified into the many incredible
forms we see now and in the fossil record. It also helps us make sense of the way
in which modern creatures continue to adapt and change today. In biology, evolution can be defined as any changed
in the heritable traits (those are physical traits like fur color in mice spots on the wings of butterflies or instinctive behaviors like the way
in which dogs greet their friends with a sniff) within a population across generations. This definition can be a bit confusing so let's see how it works all healthy living things from single celled amoebas to flowers to dolphins are capable of reproduction. We have children, we make copies of ourselves. We do this by duplicating DNA and passing that DNA on to future
generations. DNA is a chain like chemical stored
inside each one of your cells which tells them how to grow and
function. Your DNA contains coded information on how to build you. Tthe information in your DNA is different
than that of say a daffodils DNA, which is why you look and function
differently than a daffodil. The information in your DNA is
slightly different than that of Elvis Presley, which is one of many reasons you don't
look a and act quite like he did. Single celled amoebas and other simple creatures reproduce by copying their DNA - inside
their guts - moving both copies to either side of
their body, splitting in two right down the middle and then growing back to full size. If all goes well the two new amoebas will be exact copies of each other. But in nature things aren't always
perfect. When DNA is being copied, errors can occur which modify the DNA code. This is what we call a DNA mutation. These mutations, which happened completely on accident
and randomly to any part of a DNA
strand, can produce variation in the body shape
and function of the creature who inherits the modified DNA. In this case, our new little friend has an arm that
stretches extra long. If he survives long enough to grow and
reproduce that extra stretchy arm (which is now coded for his DNA) will be passed on to his children. Evolution: any change in the heritable traits within a population across generations has officially occurred. reproduction for dolphins and badgers
and people is a little more complicated. we have to find ourselves a partner. When to a badgers get together and you know...fall in love a sperm cell from the father which contains
a copy of half of his DNA - only half - combines with the egg cell of the mother which contains half a copy of her DNA the result is a brand new cell with a
complete set of DNA instructions all the information needed to divide and
grow up into a brand new badger the new child matures to be similar
to her parents but also unique because she developed some traits from her
mother's DNA and some from her father her new combination of traits can be
passed on to her children and again Evolution: any change in the heritable
traits within a population across generations has officially occurred Besides the unique recombination of her
parents traits she might also have developed some
completely new traits of her own due to DNA mutations maybe extra hairy ears for example if she survives long enough to have kids her DNA will combine with the DNA of her partner and she'll pass on those extra hairy ears to
at least some of her children again Evolution has officially occurred so there you have it evolution is really pretty simple scientists and normal folks everywhere witness evolution happening all the time small changes like the ones we've seen
here can add up over multiple generations to create dramatic changes if you were to go back in time just a
few thousand years you'd find that all dogs for example originally evolved from an ancestral
group of gray wolves the evolution of those wolves from generation to generation was guided by humans people were selecting wolves with the
traits they liked letting them breed and then only keeping the puppies with
the most desirable traits as time went on different breeders preferred dogs with
different features some selected from large size some for small size, some for brains others for brawn today wolves have branched out into hundreds of breeds very few of which look and behave much like
their ancestors a massive amount of observable evidence
from many different fields such as Genetics chemistry, paleontology, and mathematics overwhelmingly suggest just like all
dogs share a common ancestor all living things me, you, puffer fish banana trees, if you go back far enough also share a common ancestor we are literally related we don't know what the first life form
was or exactly how it came to be but the simple process of reproduction with variation over billions of years looks to be responsible for all the
diversity of life we see today now you might be saying wait a minute,
hold on here - isn't evolution random? To do something functional like turn a
wolf into an adorable mini poodle random evolution had to be carefully
guided by an intelligent dog breeder researchers claim that all mammals
evolved from an ancient shrew-like creature but the difference between a shrew and an elephant is far greater than that of a wolf and a poodle who guided that process? who was the breeder in the mid eighteen hundreds two men Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace independently
discovered that a breeder is not necessarily needed there is another force capable of guiding
random evolution to produce order and complex function they called it natural selection (Which happens to be the entire topic of
our next video) but before you move on let's recap what we've learned so far: Biological evolution is any change in the heritable traits within a population across generations. All healthy living things can make
copies of themselves - but they do so imperfectly. Small variations can build up over
generations to create dramatic differences in the body form and function of living creatures. Evidence overwhelmingly suggests that
all life on earth is related. So remember - next time you invite family and friends over for a holiday feast you're actually just inviting family! That includes the turkey, and the pumpkin in the pumpkin pie. I'm Jon Perry and that's evolution Stated Clearly Thanks for watching our show, I hope you
enjoyed it. Make sure to give us a thumbs up on
Youtube, and subscribe to us if you want to see more. Stated Clearly is funded by our viewers,
and we are in need of support. If you like what we do, consider
contributing. You can do so by visiting our website at StatedClearly.com This episode was made possible by generous donations from Bird and Moon
Comics , and ProofAvenue. Make sure to check out their awesome
biology comic strips and posters at birdandmoon.com and check out the musical talent of AD at proofavenue.com until next time, Stay Curious
Seemed a little bit drawn out, but still good. This one is a personal favorite, it can clear up many misconceptions.
http://youtu.be/XdddbYILel0