China is growing rapidly in the coming years some 200 million houses will have to be built in rural areas if they use bricks it will take 25% of the top layer of the agricultural land and half of the coal reserves to make the bricks China has a serious problem Ford Motor Company also had a problem what do you do when you have been making cars for 80 years and Your production site has become one of these deities and less polluted industrial areas in the world what is Nike to do when they have spread so many shoes over the world that they start to become the waste problem a Textile manufacturer has a problem. If it's waste is seen as chemically dangerous and the government Prohibits dumping or burning In fact we all have a problem How are we to deal with rapidly growing economies with a pattern of high consumption? With falling raw material reserves and with mountains of waste it seems like economic madness If you look at the waste, it's really A very bad business proposition because why should anybody make anything? That has no value or has a cost So I think the fundamental Transformation will actually occur because of the economic forces It won't be because of some Moral issue or some technical revelation it will be because Waste is basically stupid an American architect and a German chemist at unleashing an industrial revolution that will sweep through industry as an ecological storm in the coming years They base their ideas on the example of nature where waste is no problem, because waste is food food or bread In the rhine Valley in switzerland there is an old textile Factory Rhona in the early 90s The Company was faced with the choice move or come up with a solution for their waste problem The former Ceo Albin Kalin had no idea how to solve that problem They wanted try to solve the west's problem Get rid of the waste in a more adequate way we wanted to use the waste that we produced at the mill we wanted to burn that at the Mill to save oil and the officials came and said you're not allowed to do this and We have made a lot of studies, and there was just a dead-end road for us There textile waste was regarded as hazardous chemical waste a colleague of cailin knew an American Designer architect William Mcdonough, who perhaps had a solution Kalin had him come over and picked him up from the airport and At during this drive from Zurich airport to her brook that emil was located William Elk Donna Told Me Waste equals food And it made it click if we can make our ways to be food We can solve all the problems Make the waste completely harmless for man plant and animal in other words make the textile fully biodegradable That was the solution But how can you achieve that with the synthetic fibers and the very toxic dyes used by Runa? On the advice of the American designer, Kalyn asked for German chemist Michael braungart to look at these problems And I was really very nervous Because Michael brown guard had a greenpeace history and as industrialists I was To let someone form a greenpeace activist into the mill you don't feel so easy Bran guard may have been a greenpeace activist, but he also happen to be the best ecological chemist in the world There began a search for strong natural fibers they chose a mix of cotton and really a very tough plant fiber But the toxicity of the dyes proved to be an almost insuperable problem And we tried to contact all dye chemical manufactures around the world and we wanted today present all their details of environmental safe products and All of them said we are not going to work with you. They're not going to open our books In the end they found the chemical company see the gang prepared to cooperate with them a search began among 1600 Different Dyes They found only 16 dyes that were completely harmless, but with them they could create any required color Rhoda was now able to manufacture high quality compostable Textiles used among other things for covering airplane seats Roma's problem was solved from the textile waste the factory makes felt that is sold to local farmers They use it to calibrate strawberry plants in the winter the felt decomposes completely and thus becomes food for the plants The problem of waste water from the Factory was solved at the same time it Now comes out of the factory cleaner that it goes in Kaelin was convinced it became a committed fan of the German chemist and the American designer It changed my life really inject my life because it's such an easy solution and no one actually sort of it before in this way and I have been discussing it with a lot of people before with technicians engineers people from other industries and They're all stucked in the end dead-end road and this for me. This was a solution the story of Rhoda Begins in New York William Mcdonough is a designer and architect in 1991 he had to build a crash and he wanted to avoid toxic construction materials Someone said that he should have a word with the German chemist Michael Branca. I had heard about him as the most important ecological toxicologist that That I could need given a first Mcdonough, it was when I was opening an office of my institute in New York I was a real great party Bill McDonough came half hour earlier I was the first one there he had a real nice place in the East Village We sat on a rooftop above Greenwich Village in New York looking down on the street at the taxis enough of the skyscrapers and we opened the office and all the European community and from companies like excel or and DSM from the Netherlands etcetera they passed by and came in we started talking and we Talked the whole party through I think you'd bar everybody else and basically and miss the whole Opening because I was talking on it to him And we stay until it was dark and all the people came by from units as for United nations in Centeno and as it and now good and they continue talking to be Mcdonough because what's so Interesting in talking to him and sharing ideas essential and just started to imagine what if the vehicles were different? what if the Bottles that we drank out of we're different What if our shoes were different one of our clothes were different one of the buildings are different? What what would it all look like we just started imagining did Mcdonough and Braungart have become inseparable Together they set up a company for intelligent product systems When I first said waste people's food we were talking about the the overall approach to what he called intelligent product system and the intelligent product system says That everything in Biology should go back to soil safely and be healthy So the waste of a system that would go back to soil Like this this may not get recycled, but this could become post of all Right that should be safe and healthy so waste equals food If we are the only ones who take materials and puts them into landfills So we make waste and even when we try to minimize waste like zero emissions of Zero waste we still Accept the concept of waste yet So what we do is we eliminate the concept of waste yet for us we design everything that it's a nutrient And other sub biological system or for technical systems So it's beneficial so we look at a cherry tree in spring and say look what a waste of energy. What a waste of of materials but every material of this territory is beneficial every material becomes the nutrient goes back in a Biological cycle and the more pleasant from the Cherry tree are there the better it is so we generate Systems which are beneficial and in this case we say waste equals food not like McDonald's where food equals waste Yeah, it is different We go there and look that every material is beneficial yes, and so that the more waste we have waste in brackets the better it is so It's not about like cleaner production of that again nature is only productive when it's dirty when it's large. Yeah When the Moral sludge the better yeah, not clean not not Mr.. Clean not not just American Housewife perspective of the early 50s. Yes to make it all clean now It's productive when it really generates space in life for the ss Yeah, mine is a Vietnam. No young. We are at a recent press conference Mr.. Group director of the German Clothing manufacturer true gamer proudly announced his latest product Michel Branca Developed Fully compostable Toxin free t-shirts again The t-shirts are a typical product of the brand guard and McDonagh philosophy When designing a product bear in mind that one day it will be thrown away and make sure that it then becomes raw? material for a new product The compostable t-shirts are raw material for Nature the biosphere Materials that don't deacon pairs should become food for the technosphere all the technical products around us The book cradle to cradle in which brown guard and McDonough explain their ideas is a good example of a product that can be reused in the technosphere The book is made of plastic and is therefore waterproof it is printed with ink that washes off if you heat it The plastic can be re melted to make new books That sounds like ordinary recycling, but there is a subtle difference. Well, we don't really recycle products. That's the problem We gallon cycle products Products typically lose their quality as they go through recycling They're not recycled their down cycle. So typically what would happen is something like this would become plastic wood or you know some park bench or Flower pot or something on its way to a landfill or an incinerator, so it's losing its quality as it goes Well, we're looking at things that are truly recycled. So they go back to their condition or Come back to the system and actually it up cycled Where if it's a if it's suboptimal material? you know if the inks aren't ideal or the Where the additives aren't perfect you know we can actually? Purify the product when it comes back through the system if you look at a plastic bottle Yeah for water. It has antimony carcinogenic heavy Metal is a residue from catalytic reaction well, we could take out the antimony when it comes back and make it better, so Up cycles rather than put it in a park bench and mess it up with other chemicals and then burn it so It's a it's a subtle distinction the ideas of Braun got and McDonagh sound almost utopian But they are taken very seriously by major manufacturers In Beaverton a suburb of portland lies the Nike world campus a headquarters of Nike worldwide John houk is Nikes head of shoe design He has taken the message to heart you don't eat shoes, but they do wear out and come into the biosphere well, I think we have to think about the chemical compounds of the product itself Because the theory would be that as you're using the shoe It's it's eliminating and rubbing off the material and then getting into the ground and worms are eating it and I Think we have to start with the chemical makeup of all the materials that we had and so from there, I think we'd think about the design for disassembly at some point where you can collect the product back and reclaim every single aspect of the shoes and every piece of material and then reuse that in some way to Create new product They have to go back to the source vendors and tell them our goal Is that this material is to be food for something somewhere and so reducing and eliminating all the toxins? Nike takes the waste equals food concept seriously and asset itself a goal. No more waste by 2020 A First step is there we use a hue programmable Scale Nike has began to take back used cues the rubber is cut from the shoes and reused That the design for disassembly would be key because once we take the shoes back making the design Is easy to take apart and to get back to its? Component Airy and raw materials they constraint The soles become a kind of rubber granulate that is used as a top layer for running tracks. Tennis and basketball courts But that is just a start The ultimate Aim is that all the waste from the shoes should become raw material again for new Shoes Fully recyclable shoes that do not pollute that is the goal Nike has recently introduced a product that is heading in the right direction. We are proud of a shoe line. We call nike considered and Considered design as a philosophy of design that asks our design staff to look at the entire lifecycle of a shoe and design with less toxic Using the power of Geometry chemistry using more natural fibers and materials that are Recyclable or farmed products and nike considered is been the marketplace Four-Bit Has done very well for us the consumers seem to like it I happen to wearing a shoe right here and I will just talk a little bit about what the shoe does and why we're so proud of it as I mentioned it is a a considered product so you can see on the inside of the shoe itself It's just one piece of leather with no foaming no backing We've tried to reduce as many toxic as possible I have the product it uses raw natural hemp sand materials to create the effort itself that one of the most powerful things about this considered opportunity is that we've Reduced as much as possible all the adhesives and so typically a glue adhesive puts the outsole Onto the shoe itself in this case We've studied mama tree and created a powerful geometry that snapped fits The outsole to the upper itself and this is stitched down with the thread so we're eliminating as many adhesives as we possibly can and so the inside itself from A Disassembly perspective if I take this whole thing apart this just snaps into two units the inside unit and the outside unit the threads are taken off, and this goes right back into a stream of materials that can be used for a post-secondary life This all sounds great, but can you make a normal profitable product in this way I? Think we can yes, I think that the waste is food principle is Again, it's a very provocative idea. I think it's It's not just an idea of design and creation. It's an idea of business That there is a limit to raw materials that We recognize that and when as we assemble new products thinking about the business proposition of how you can use Products and raw materials on products for a certain lifestyle and then have those raw materials turn to something else Is a profit engine? Mcdonough and Braungart Visualize a world in which literally all the waste is food for the biosphere or the technosphere in that way? We'll no longer have to feel guilty about consumption and the resulting waste after all they'll be no more waste Here we celebrate abundance. We can throw things away We can litter we can enjoy littering we can use materials back into circles right now We lose about four to six thousand times four thousand to six thousand times more topsoil then we rebuilt yes Because our agriculture doesn't work. It doesn't rebuild soil yet or ways we take things and we don't put them back into Biological cycles anymore so what we say now let's be productive and be happy to have Materials to go put some but everything is nutrient. So the more materials We have the more we waste in packets yet The better it is for the others yet like we developed for example for unilever Which is a dutch company and an ice cream packaging which is not just biodegradable by the gradable is just a minimum yet I am by the credible you are biodegradable Right so what yeah that's just a minimum like sustainable Yeah, but there, it's tough we this ice cream packaging if the film is a liquid at room temperature It's only film when it's frozen yeah, then you take it out orders the freezer yeah rip it off And you throw it away, it becomes a liquid within hours and if you creates within hours yeah But you don't it's not only divided incredible it contains seeds from rare plants, so when you throw it away, you generate life Yeah, like the others as well all the songbirds Etc They take the seeds and and all the berries and then generate life by that you Insane and all their excrements and materials as well generate life only we take things and don't give anything back Well as an architect you know I I come from the larger scale production Michael as a chemist comes from very small scale production So you put the two of us together and our work can range from the molecule? up to regional City planning and everything in between so in I design factories where this kind of work gets done, and we try and solar-Power them and cover them with photosynthetic materials and We like to see a building like a tree where it makes oxygen and Sequester's carbon fixes nitrogen distilled water purifies the Air Changes colors with the seasons creates micro climates why wouldn't you want to do that too? Producing and consuming without waste buildings that imitate nature who wouldn't want that Mcdonough has now become famous He was presented with an award by Bill Clinton and time magazine called him a hero for the planet home He is a true to nature and energy friendly buildings attract worldwide attention of this one over here for example Produces more energy than it needs to operate These are solar collectors on the Roof and this is a waste treatment plant It uses natural systems for the water treatment So the sun shines on this roof you can see it here again And then causes more energy over the course of a year than the building needs Along with the solar Collectors to the parking lot and then the waste water is taken through this greenhouse Into this pond and purified, so the building is like a tree Close to lake Michigan you'll find the factories of Thurman Miller For decades the company has been one of the world's best-known manufacturers of design Furniture Some of their designs have already been included in museum collections Herman Miller is one of the top companies in Fortune Magazine's list of the 100 best companies In the early 90s McDonough designed their assembly hall People called the building the greenhouse and it was immediately a resounding success It is a building in which daylight dominates and natural air circulation replaces air conditioning From the very first day the new building had a noticeable effect on the workers In their old plant it wasn't a great environment and we actually had more than our fair share of general industrial relations problems in that plant and You always wonder you know well, what's going on? Why was that plant particularly difficult when we brought the folks into this building into the greenhouse? They responded Amazingly well to it Put simply the building respects the people who are inside it they became positive more productive We have less absenteeism and indeed we bring all our customers through this building and we actually take them out on to the production floor and let them meet the people working out there because They are just so positive and it's a great example of when you build a building that really respects individuals gives them light Gives them the space gives them the air quality. They need they respond doubly in terms of their commitment to the organization Mcdonough's Philosophy is not limited to the inside of the building In his vision a building must not conflict with Nature but form a part of it The wastewater goes to pools on the site where there is plenty of room for plants and animals In the United states it has become the standard for green buildings Mcdonough also managed to persuade Herman Miller to take a closer look at their products The company now makes chairs according to the cradle-To-cradle concept a strict production protocol of McDonough and braungart This chair is one a good example It's called the mirror and the mirror is a chair that was really the first product that used the cradle cradle protocol It's a product that's easily disassembled it We actually evaluated all the various materials in this chair And I think there's only a couple materials in here that still have the red designation which means that there's still something wrong with them in a Environmental sense and some of that could be lets say a recycled steel part it might have chrome in it yet So that would make it red, and we you know you not much You can do about that, but things like this plastic back. We actually had the supplier of this plastic Take out the materials that were harmful to the environment and to even though It's still this flexible we took out the things that were not so Kind to the environment that also made it flexible. We just used the more natural one The cradle to cradle Protocol is characterized by strict requirements other Materials completely safe for man and animal and the materials be reused in the biosphere or the technosphere? Can the product be disassembled quickly and easily? interesting yes The chair comes completely apart it takes about 50 minutes for one person and there isn't a joint or a place where it's actually? assembled that takes longer than 15 seconds so each part can come apart and there are Some few pieces like this arm. Pad. That is a mixture in that mixture can also come apart very quickly and very easily for disassembly into its various component parts and peel the foam off and so again nothing more than 15 seconds for a chair to come apart, so It makes it easy then to capture those materials for their next life as the name cradle-To-cradle implies When you think about it clearly? Part of our criteria for a cradle to cradle product is that it can be disassembled quickly? actually Disassembling something quickly saves us lots of money, right? It's much much more effective and actually makes it easier to Assemble it in the first place, so these criteria Don't just become a burden to your business, but actually become an enabler of a better product and a more effective product for us The cradle to cradle protocol sounds like design for sustainability, but it is much more wide-ranging Yeah, sustainability is not enough for us Yeah, because if I would ask you, how is your relationship with your girlfriend yet? And you would say Sustainable yeah, then I would say oh grob. I'm so sorry for you. Yeah, if this is the key thing Sustainability yeah, then it's just a minimum. Yeah, you can somehow deal with it. Yeah, it's just maintenance You know the sustainability is minimum when compared it stops our design assignment has two Characteristics one is an emotional one and one is a technical one our emotional one is how do we design? Systems that love all the children of all species for all time, and that's very emotional connections about love In celebration of the natural world and the accrual of more and more species not the destruction of species And I think it's time the people can become native to this planet that they can say hey, isn't it good that I'm here Yeah, and we can make the other species on this planet. Happy that we are here Yeah, so this means we develop things which are not less bad But which is good for the others yet? Which are supportive which generate? More life than just being less bad less bet is no good it means that we are defining environmental protection like Destroying a little less and like to say oh, I don't use my car today, so I'm protecting the environment There's no protection was that you it's it's an abuse of the term protection Because to destroy a little less doesn't protect anything The goal is very simple and technical and the goal is a delightfully diverse safe healthy and just world with clean air soil water and power Economically equitably ecologically and elegantly a joint period Beside the River Rouge in Detroit lies one of the largest and oldest industrial sites in the world the Ford Rouge Center a home base of the Ford Motor company This is where the first ford rolled from the production line Cars have been built there for 80 years For 80 years there was no consideration for the environment nature and the River there was an enormous pollution and Ford was faced with the choice either Advanta the site or Redevelop it Bill Ford decided to overhaul the industrial site it had to become cleaner He was advised to go and talk to Bill McDonough I Have heard bill Ford tell the story that he was reluctant to do so you know you get introduced a lot of people that supposedly Have the magic solution to these issues and So they just set a 30 minute meeting to get acquainted with one another largely, you know I'm sure he thought it was going to be a courtesy meeting well that 30-minute meeting turned into several hours and Ultimately turned into the assignment to Apply his theories to the Ford Rouge center Well when I met bill forward it was more that he convinced himself that I convinced him He was already prepared to look for a way to do something positive the Commission to the River Rouge which is a two billion dollar project with the 20-year schedule was given to me in public? without my knowledge And I think it was because that way the Company was committed to it and I was committed to it and People know it looked impossible We just were stuck you know and so we had to pretty shareholder value, or we were both in trouble So that was the assignment, and that's what we did construction began on the renovation of the Rouge Center in 2000 Today, we're unveiling the heritage project the environmental renovation of the Road The goal of the heritage project is to transform the icon of 20th century manufacturing into the model of 21st century sustainable manufacturing The site was renovated at a cost of two billion dollars according to the ideas of Brown gas and Mcdonough ideas that people had fought were not used to you know I was really honestly emotionally moved by Bill and Michael you know when you first meet them you know they look a little kooky You know certainly due to American Businessman? you know I met bill McDonnen, and he's heard this story before he was wearing a bow tie and a cape and a beret and You know it's not at all what you meet in a very you know this is how we look at Ford Motor company And he was an architect from the university of Virginia and Michael was this chemist from Germany that used to be in greenpeace So you know your initial reaction is of course you know these guys are nothing But trouble and they're going to be you know oh my God. Why do I have to work with them? Bill's objective for us was we want this to be a site where you would be happy to have your children play? Now you know in the beginning what? We don't even know how to deal with this what the heck kind of an objective Is that how do we measure it does that make any sense, but as I began to think about it? I said to myself you know I have kids and I would say no I don't want my children to play here And my guess is virtually any parent would give that same answer well now I've got a site with Wetlands Green space Wildlife Honeybees And I think I could take the same parents including me and ask them the same question and get a yes answer So in reality that was a businesslike objective, and it was measurable We didn't think of it that way when we first heard about it The Rouge site was transformed into a kind of industrial Nature park. Just like Herman Miller's the Wastewater from the whole site is Purified naturally use is made of sun energy the new Factory was built with many windows to allow Daylight in The whole production process has been cleaned up and attention is paid to all waste flows The roof of the new Production Hall is One Big myth Covered with sedum that purifies the rainwater and provides the birds with a new home All very fine and natural but most business managers will see it as an exaggerated form of Eco Luxury Well, that's because they see it as a cost they they presume that each one of these things adds to the cost of regular production and that they're just icing on a cake or a cake instead of bread You know and and that's utopian, but it's not because if you look at our production facility for Ford Motor company We save 435 million dollars doing it this way what we found is if you think about it in the design stage You can come up with environmental programs that actually save you money it don't cost you money So let's take the green roof as an example now it cost money to put a green roof on top of a truck plant But it actually will save us many times the cost of putting it on there it will double the useful life of the roof Because it will protect the roof from UV degradation which causes leaks Reroofing a ten and a half acre Roof is a several million dollar job So it will save us money there it Saves us money on heating and cooling costs because it insulates the plant from the extremes of hot and cold And it saves us money in regulatory costs because it absorbs Stormwater that we would otherwise have to take to a chemical treatment plant before we could discharge it to the nearby river instead We're letting nature. Do what nature does that stormwater today? Is now absorbed in the green and it is naturally filtered before it ever gets to the Rouge River? So saving us really millions of dollars as opposed to costing us anything That's just one example if your topi anism is profitable business then I guess this is utopian. That's what's inspiration about I mean the world's full of dreamers You know I don't have any time for dreamers I have time for people that are inspirational and have thought through that the real issues that you have to deal with as a business and have developed a Formula to successfully navigate that challenge Thought also involved McDonough and braungart in the development of a completely new car a car powered by hydrogen with seats filled with soy Fm and tires of maze plastic the car is to be made entirely from Biodegradable materials or technical materials that can be used again as raw materials in the business future I can imagine that Vehicle has a value in the future its components can be reused either Reconfigured to a different kind of vehicle or reapplied in some other business. Maybe not our business That is not how vehicles are built today. I build you a vehicle I hope it lasts a few years after a Few years You know you and I have to figure out what we're going to do with that vehicle We're probably going to send it to a scrap yard or a landfill or something of that nature So it has no value and I have to go out and buy more stuff and build another new vehicle Well that makes sense to me. I think we are there's a lot of valuable stuff in there You know there's a that. We found we were looking at the rouge project today it takes 50,000 pounds of raw materials to make a 3,000 pound car that's a lot of waste and We can change that why don't we use 3,000 pounds of material to build a 3,000 pound car it'll cost an awful Lot less there'll be a lot less environmental problems. I'll be happy my customer will be happy I think this is a philosophy and that is going to affect every industry and We're going to by the way make a lot of money in on this you know This is this makes business sense and that's the most one of the things that most impressed me about bill and Michael I've listened to any number of Thinkers and writers on the subject of sustainability which is often described as you know as the triple bottom line of social environmental and economic? performance but almost every one of them after they articulate that triple bottom line talk exclusively about the environmental component a few talk about the social component almost none of them have bothered to figure out how to make business sense out of Sustainability that's what is unique about Bill and Michael in 2006 a meeting takes place in Beijing Hotel between an American Delegation and representatives of the Chinese government and industry a Meeting is behind closed doors and only Chinese state television is allowed to film China and in artisodes will continue to work together to promote rural development including logical cooperation Governor officials entrepreneurs and scholars from the two countries have praised the efforts made in water places Energy saving and waste disposal the meeting is also attended by Madam Dana Daughter V. Former Chinese president deng xiaoping the subject working out the ideas of McDonough and braungart China's neo countryside development is a state initiated project aimed at increasing overall agricultural productivity building a harmonious society and reducing disparities between urban and rural areas And as a for this edition of time of day take vehicle weather for town and jelly for me and all teams in building exposing China is looking very hard environmental issues because they're at a complete crisis There I mean so they have all the different situations of human experience. They have the most destructive events going on and they have some of the most hopeful events going on and the entire range in between so The president of China has called for a circular economy And as part of that call for circular economy it calls for cradle to cradle Thinking it's national policy, and then moved five-year plan it means the materials are in closed cycles and they come back and that we waste equals food and that systems are designed so that they're safe and healthy and and Circle in the economy and come back and go out and come back and go out and that people are Fed and the soils are kept and the Economy can continue because the materials and energy are in close cycles So it means renewable energy it means safe materials it means new production process Madam ding none is associated with the Chinese ministry of science and technology She knows McDonough very well And the Chinese president Jintao is a supporter of Brown Gartered Mcdonough Their book has become the Chinese handbook for the circular economy The American Delegation is on its way from beijing to the Village of one value There the festive opening is to take place of a number of model houses designed by McDonough and Braungart and built with cheap completely recyclable materials China represents one of the biggest issues in the world today because 400 million people will be in new housing in the next 12 years That would be like rebuilding the entire infrastructure of housing in the United States in Seven years that's how big this is and if you used brick to build it which is their conventional building with Europe? they would need to destroy their soils probably 25% of their Farmland and Burn a lot of coal to fire the bricks So we have two project types that we're doing right now At scale one is six new cities developing master plan Conceptual master plans for Credit credit cities and The other is developing your building materials like this one over here - to build the cities without using brick And highly insulated low embodied energy Low Energy use the technique that's right Indy home needs Fierce elegance the experimental houses in who hang buy you a built of material consisting of two layers of Compressed sand or other fine material mixed with a strong binding agent this replaces bricks and concrete between them is compressed straw or a reusable kind of Polystyrene firm inside simple luxury estimated building costs approximately 6,000 euros a sum, but it should be possible for the average rural Chinese to raise they think Is it too expensive? It might be possible now for us farmers if we build a new house ourselves It also cost 60,000 to 70,000 um I like this new house, so you don't find it too expensive It's too expensive for ordinary people, but we don't know exactly how much it's going to cost that is not yet known However, the Garden Walls are still made of old-fashioned concrete and the gardens are small for occupants who are used to growing their own food In their gardens the houses are the only experimental beginning of the great Chinese adventure in fact program includes complete cradle to cradle cities Well China in its last two five-year plans was focused on industrialization and the building of its cities to take the rural population that was moving to the cities and to industrialize and develop its market economy So we're doing these demonstration projects for example here in Jinan. This is taking a degraded site That has been downwind of various things that have polluted it and then rebuilding that site into an oh city Here now The idea of restoring the landscape is critical because if they're going to lose all their farmland by urban development than our cities Where we look at trying to put the farms on the roofs say let's? Reserve and preserve our farmland because we're going to need it for a healthy thriving population But even in Villages we're looking at the idea that in the next five-year plan the idea is to develop the villages in a way that people don't want to leave and So we're looking at how to build sustainable housing sustainable Enterprises grow Fuels Develop new kinds of agriculture that allow people to stay and thrive on the villages instead of having to go to the cities I think China is very worried that with this massive migration 700 million people in the Villages seven to eight hundred million Of them if 400 million go to the cities, they're afraid they won't find jobs in the future And then we'll get slums and if we get slums we have social unrest the other problem is as the cities expand into the countryside the Farmers are concerned their land is being taken for the new development, and so there's civil unrest among the peasants, so any government formed by a peasant uprising has to get worried when the peasants are upset so That's the part of the new Model The Chinese Revolution has taken a new turn The concept that waste can be food is understood by large countries and major companies If the concept can only find its way to the consumer then the revolution can begin We have the opportunity now we have now smart design us being scientists and it's time for us to reinvent everything Everybody can do his his own work. He can go to the supermarket and can say hey Did I compost it can I burn it without a filter? Yeah, or do you take it back? Yeah, and It's only in the society is so complex that everybody who does this generate so much momentum Yet to change make changes that that even 5% can make changes I talked to me raghava Chav about Perestroika and glasnost yeah, and Mohammad Shah said look we only had about 5% of the communist party and everybody else didn't understand what we're doing But 5% really understood this and they made a change and they could destroy the whole totalitarian regime We don't have a totalitarian regime. We have democracy we can do things yeah, so it's not dangerous for us We can just reinvent everything in a free society And it's time to doose's. Thank you for watching For more on this subject take a look at the playlist you can also watch this recommended video Don't forget to subscribe to our channel, and we'll keep you updated on our documentaries
