Vusi Thembekwayo - The Future of Finance

okay very few established businesses enjoy seismic change particularly I guess in the finance or financial industries but in a world where technology can turn create multi-million dollar companies literally in a matter of weeks and very often does change is really an unavoidable fact of life right now to speak about building a business that does more than just survive please welcome to the stage CEO Boardman member consultant researcher entrepreneur dragon investor wow what a list of things he does it is Lucy come back why you I'll help you down thank you so much Kate good morning everyone let's try that again good morning everyone so you all have my deepest sympathies um I I come from your world I I trained in finance I spent six years of my life training in finance then I worked in private equity for my sins and then investment banking and as luck would have it I ended up finding myself running a venture capital firm so today I run the fastest growing venture capital firm in the continent of Africa we're in South Africa Kenya and Nigeria so we look at the continent of Africa and connecting it through the three dots just below there's the Sahara and we have satellite offices in Zimbabwe and the reason I said you all have my sympathies is because if there's one thing I've learned to doing what I do today it's that everything I was taught in the world of finance did not prepare me for the world I'm in today everything they taught me how to do valuations using discounted cash flows and then I got into the real world and I started buying tech companies who didn't have any cash flows to discount they taught me how to do valuations you looking at net asset value and then I got into the real world financing high-growth businesses that had no assets from which you could net a value and yet these were delivering multiples of growth in terms of multiple growth eBay dog growth etc etc and even today I'm still learning how to do this thing called investing in the future so over the next few minutes I am going to share with you some thoughts really some thoughts and ideas about what the future looks like and how the future is going to be shifting but more specifically I'm gonna give a focus to what are we seeing as shifts in the financial services sector and how do we know that these shifts are transpiring it's equally important for you and I to obsess over not only these shifts as they occur but also to obsess over what these shifts mean I'm gonna focus on three things the way we pay the way we bank and the way we ensure really the three fundamental values or underlying principles of what we use money to do if you're like me you have a wallet right now and in your wallet you have a series of plastic and that series of plastic is your data connected to this thing called an account in it hopefully some money we hope yours but we're not sure but as you use this thing called money in effect what you do is you go into the real world and for the commodity that you buy you exchange this thing called money well what would happen if you didn't need the plastic card what would happen if you didn't need the plastic what would happen if you didn't need the card what would happen if you were the card there's an interesting business called easy link really a great group of guys and I meant the CEO and here's what it is that they do have a quick look at this [Music] [Music] so what easy link is done is very interesting they've connected the entire payment gateway system to a wearable device on a specific one you've just watched it's on a wearable piece of Fitbit device the second iteration of this is they connected the payment system to voice recognition so picture scenario where you walk into the local store and rather than pull out a card to pay you just use your voice I'm buying a killer killer I'm buying a milliliter of I don't know yogurt and the device listening to your voice can authenticate your voice and connect it to your banking system and you just walk out does that sound crazy well I don't know you go to an Amazon ghost oh and I have you go to an Amazon go store and you can buy take a device and just walk out two employees at an Amazon go shop the security guard in the manager that's it so it's not only the way we are paying that's going to change but the underlying point about this is also what we use to pay you see in the olden world we connected the system of paying through this thing called trade and it was about connecting human beings who were buying goods from each other and as we bought goods from each other we needed a way to exchange value you all know this this isn't new the fundamentals are the same there was an exchange of goods or services and for the exchange of goods or services some exchange of a commodity called value what we are learning is what that value is and how that value is shifting sometimes you've got to admit when you call it wrong so here's an admission six years ago I get a call from a fellow called Bob my don't know him fellow called Bob Collymore lovely fellow British guy has a private jet lives in Kenya I'm not allowed to tell you he's got a private jet but he does he runs a company called Safaricom which is owned by Vodafone he's done exceptionally well for himself Bob I got a call from this guy called Bob and he says we're on the third funding round of a mobile payment business seven years ago but mobile payment business and we honestly believe there's a small payment business is gonna change the future of how we do payments in the continent you interested that sure send me the prospectus he sends the prospectus I have a look at it I like the numbers I present it to my investment committee do what you all do once the investment committee approves it I take it to the credit committee could to do the transaction then I take it through the board and one of my board members train CFA which means he's really good at saying no one of my train board members looks at this prospectus and he goes but hold on what exactly are we buying here is it a bank no it's not a bank is it a foreign exchange business no it's not a Forex business either what is it well in effect it's a payment business that uses airtime credit to pay big a pardon yeah it converts the amount of airtime credit on your phone into the mobile currency and shifts them all the airtime credit on your phone from your phone to a recipients phone who can then convert the same credit into money that's what it does it uses as the store of value the mobile currency not necessarily money well here's the question what is the value of a megabit of data it depends on where you are in more developed nations the value of a megabit of data is far lower at a marginal cost level than the cost of a mega bit of data in emerging economies so the cost of a megabit of data is connected not only to the proliferation of internet internet communication and telephony but more importantly to the utility of the megabit of data yeah I know and so when I realize this I said to my board members exactly what you're all thinking what do you do now well I don't know but I do know that if we don't participate it if we don't get in if we're not part of the revolution we're gonna miss out so I called it wrong I presented this to the board and the board said to me now wouldn't work it's exactly like this things coming up called crypto currencies yeah this is seven years ago you know we've heard about this thing called Bitcoin ain't gonna work there's no money in it don't do it so we didn't do the deal at the time I have to tell you the enterprise value of the company we were looking at buying into dollar eyes that the enterprise value was just over three million u.s. dollars today their enterprise value is sitting north of seventy million u.s. dollars in my industry we call that a unicorn if I de bought it I could have done forty other deals and lost money and it would still pay for the 40 deals and earned me some but the challenge here was I used my old training about how the world works and what industries look like to connect to the new world and it's about learning and realizing that often the training we've received whilst relevant actually doesn't prepare us for the world we're moving into it doesn't prepare us for what that world promises us it doesn't prepare us for what the future looks like so what does the future look like well it depends the first question is what is the future have any of us have exported that is the future a year from now five years from now or a decade from now maybe 20 and the question of time is important because time shapes our application of resources it shapes perspectives it even shapes how we are willing to take and mitigate risks the question of time is important the second question about the future which is equally important - what does the future look like is who is in that future who are the role players what is their role do governments continue to print money or do government's not only become printers of money but also regulators of the system of money today government's not only print but regulate money but what happens when governments are now having to move into the world of cryptocurrencies and they can no longer regulate something that they will not admit exists in my own country of South Africa they saw this Afghan Reserve Bank published a paper two years ago saying that cryptocurrencies are not listen to this currency yeah because they said for something to be a currency and then make a valid point there must be one underlying fundamental feature someone must stand behind the value of the currency if the pawn collapses there is the government of Britain which should stand behind the pound now I know between Bridget and Man United beating Arsenal the Brits can't seem to get their act together but that's a different story the point is that there's somebody standing behind the currency what happened in Zimbabwe when Robert Mugabe decided to take land just north of my own country of South Africa what happened in Zim when Robert Mugabe decided to take land and expropriated without paying the owners of that land this thing they called land expropriation without compensation what happened there well the currency went through hyperinflation that had peaked in 2008 at 1.2 million percent 1.2 million percent in currency inflation now in a world of 1.2 million percent I don't care what future you have scenario do your scenarios are wrong and so the question about for whom it is that we are building this future is just as important as asking the question when is the future I'm privileged I supposed today because I work in two worlds I spent time in emerging economies where I watch entrepreneurs build businesses that help the poorest of the poor and then the following day I'm one of jet flying business class to speak to people wearing suits in arguably the most expensive place to live on planet Earth Luxembourg can I just ask on behalf of all well-meaning sane people how the hell do you guys buy properties here I saw the property prices I don't know if there was written in Zimbabwean dollars or Euros there's a mob in dollar collapse by the way so equally important for whom is the future and when is this future frame time frame benefactors frame players and frame for whom it is that this future is constructed we've spoken a bit about how we pay we've spoken a bit about how the future looks like now let's look at a bit of how the world is insured I bring you another innovation that comes from from my continent of Africa there's a fantastic company called discovery in South Africa it's iteration in the United Kingdom is called vitality and what this company did is they came upon a realization which was this in the olden day listen to this you had a customer in business here's the thing about organizations that are start thriving and I'm gonna succeed in the future they realize a singularity which is this the age of the customer is gone there is no customer you see if you read classical business literature I think about my day when I was doing my MBA studying in Boston if you read classical business literature you're taught the customer is the individual organization for whom you create a product and a price they can afford to pay and market it at an area where they can access that product but you created the product you went through a series of iteration market intelligence research then you went through a production system to make it really efficient to create this product then you looked at the capital and financial model of how to bring this product to market and then you brought the product to market this was the customer journey as we went through it once the customer bought the product that give you feedback and once in a while you do some sort of a case study or test case get information about how the customers experiencing the product and build that into iteration 2 version 2 of product a hopefully better than version 1 unless you're Apple then your upgrades are not as good as the old version that was a joke but today the age of the customer is dead here's why you know better than me that today customers don't take products off the shelf they want tailored co-created products tailored and co-created so what does discovery do well the font of discovery used to be a personal mentor fellow called Adrienne gall lovely fellow and he worked for the largest insurance company in Africa he went to his boss and he said to his boss wouldn't it be interest sting he trained as an actuary by the way went to his boss and his boss wouldn't it be interesting if rather than create an insurance product in charge a premium we went to customers and say well here's a product but the premium depends on how you behave if you drink am I charge you more if you don't go to gym we might charge you more yeah Pascal Pascal and I have a running joke about my six-pack and his 1 pack this is why you pay me upfront it's all downhill now so could we co-create this thing with the circuit with the customer and the customer gets to decide he went to his boss and he pitched in his boss it wouldn't work he went to his boss's boss and he pitched it in the boss's boss said yeah I wouldn't work so what does he do he leaves he raises ten million dollars in funding and he creates his own business today it's the fastest-growing insurance business in sub-saharan Africa called discovery as I said they just opened up in the United Kingdom under the brand vitality if you watch the soccer matches you see their banners run and here is what they say to the customer they say you can buy from us life insurance but we're gonna connect to your life insurance product your gym card and every time you go to the gym we know that you're less risk for us to carry so we'll charge you less well connect to your life insurance product your alcohol consumption and every bit of consumption you consume less than the average person your age your race your gender in your part of the world we'll charge you less why because they've understood that the actuarial system of thought works statistically on the average the average person behaves in an average way and the average risk is X but could I co-create and tailor the product now think about that for one customer think about that in a world of seven billion people think about in the world of eleven billion people the age of insurance itself is shifting so the way we pay is shifting the customer no longer exists and what these changes mean and how they inform the shifts is going to be a focus now for the next few minutes first there's an interesting fellow called jeremy rifkin he wrote a book in 1994 called the end of work his book by the way seminal and I've had the privilege of sharing the stage with Jeremy in my view probably one of the best thinkers about what the future looks like he speaks about this thing called the zero marginal cost now I've argued with him at this at length so I know he's right because every time we've argued at it I've come at him with different angles and each time he's been correct but here's what Jeremy Rifkin argues he argues that in the future this is a cost the marginal cost for the production of any product is zero we know because we're in business profit is related to marginal cost because fixed cost is fixed you can't change it it's the fixed cost but if the marginal cost of making each one of these is a dollar and I sell it at a dollar fifty then the marginal profit per unit is fifty cents he argues that in the future the marginal cost of every product is zero why well because of the Internet of Things that's already spoken about it in effect means all of us can use 3d printers to produce these in our own homes if you think about it today what's the marginal cost of the Wall Street Journal of the Financial Times you just read on your phone zero you went on your phone and you downloaded the paper there was no printing press run no driver no distributor no shop you bought it and was delivered directly on your phone the zero marginal cost economy a second feature of the economy of the future is that it's cashless and as thing about cashless is very important because if there's not going to be cash moving we must ask ourselves then how we're going to move value companies like Easy link I think give us a sense of what the future looks like and the future means that in future value will be stored in underlying utility not necessarily in currency this is the invention right of embezzle that you can store value in a mobile unit of data not in a dollar in effect Africa created Bitcoin before Bitcoin we just didn't realize what we were doing remove the blockchain from Bitcoin and in effect what we've done is created an alternative store of value but the currency controlled by the central government a true shift in how cash will work and in how economies of the future will be forced to work together and to collaborate together zero marginal cost cashless economy but what does this mean for you today as you are when you're here here's what it means you and I as business leaders today are forced to focus on two of the most important lead features of leaders of the future speed and convenience see if you come from the world I come from when I was trained in finance there was this thing called risk how do you know somebody works at risk they wear grey suits and they they decline almost every single proposal that's why they called risk risk legal compliance throw in there somebody from finance and if you're not laughing I imagine we're talking about you but in this world of risk what they did is they took a proposal and they they looked at it and studied it for months came back and typically said no you got to change a few things in the world of the future there is no months on which to study in fact you got to do what Nike is doing today you got to realize that strategy is not only no longer ten-year plates a three month play if you haven't seen Nike eat abandoned their 10 year strategy two years ago they said from now on we have no 10 years to play we have a three month play Nike strategies now based on every single three months of a sprint we're gonna try something if it works we'll iterate it if it doesn't we'll dump it how do you how do you tell stockholders how do does should be behaving on a stock or analysts what kind of performance they should expect a year from now when you're telling them there is no year's strategy only at three months sprint speed is now much more important than structure speed do and iterate really quickly this is the advantage small businesses have over big ones second is convenience in this convenience point is really important somewhat make it as easy as possible for the customer to buy and unbiased service we've thought about make it easy for the customer to buy but not many of us have applied our minds to how do we make it for the customer to unbiased how do you make it easy for the customer to exit the purchase process of what we've sold them how do we make it for the customer to buy up or buy down how do we make it easy for the customer to shift the product that we deliver for them but here's what we did again we gave that function through two risk and what at risk do well they created 70 page forms that the customer must fill in before they change the product they bought from us what are the customer buy from us we don't know probably an offshore wealth solution and because they bought an offshore wealth solution we gave them a 20-page document to complete now the customers telling us that they want a different exposure to different offshore markets what do we do we send them a different 20 page form and somewhere in the 20 page form we ask the customer they middle name and they themselves don't know it they've got to phone their mother in Austin what is my middle name and why is it important to have a middle name I don't know because a hundred years ago somebody designed a form that asked what is your middle name don't ask risk risk doesn't ask themselves why the form is 20 pages they just want you to fill it in my last stroke at risk I promise so what are the underlying force that I want to leave you with here today number one the way we pay is shifting it's shifting its shifted and it'll continue to shift don't ask the question about what does the future look like ask the question when is the future and who is in it number two the way we ensure is changing I'm really excited that the way we ensure is changing because here's what it means for me it means I get to go back home and watch a person who lives on less than a dollar a day all of a sudden be able to afford insurance why we they're not able to afford insurance before because it was based on the principle of the average but if on a dollar a day we can change the risk profile of that person earning a dollar a day then we know we can change the insurance product it's not more it's not less it's more the future is abundant it's not scarcity third you're moving to a world that is cashless based on the zero marginal cost economy watch that concept of the zero marginal cost economy it's shifting almost everything we do today you buy an airline get online you get to the airport and on your phone you use your phone to scan the airline ticket and you board what was the cost for the airline company to issue the ticket zero it's everywhere and it's around us it'll simply multiply in future and it's gonna get more ubiquitous fourth the society were moving into will be increasingly cashless and fifth and this is the most important leaders that will thrive in the future a leaders that's focus on speed and convenience process and rigor ladies and gentlemen is not the enemy of speed processing and rigor should build into us a structural framework of rigidity that allows us to be faster and faster speed and convenience make it easy for the customer to buy and easy for the customer to unbind top I suppose of all of these is to remember there is no more customer they're only co-creators in the ecosystem called business you happen to be the producer at one point somebody is buying it but at some point in future they might create and you buy - thank you very much oh mercy thank you so much I think some really interesting questions raised oh dear through that talk I know the questions raised by you about things for us to think about going forward into the future right um one thing I wanted to sort of just challenge your friend with the zero marginal yes theory on yes what about intellectual property yeah what about it because that is presumably that's part of the base cost we spoke about you know the newspapers publications even products if you're 3d printing at home somebody design those books I mean event of those products how does that factor into the transaction but that's a great question so to answer your question think of it this way the who is the best let me come at it this way often the best innovators of products are users of products not producers of products would you agree which means the actually that the intellectual property of most product innovation rests with the users not the producers in other words the IP sitting with a customer not the maker of the product right because I'm gonna make this class you know I don't know if you guys have thought about this glass is a four hundred year old technology this the idea of glass is a 400 year piece of tech you know but when Unilever came to market with the product 18 months ago don't know if you've seen it which is a water loop and the loop is made of water but the water holds a substance in it like water you put it in your mouth and you just swallow it why cuz they've thought about the system of glass it didn't come from the Unilever IP people it came from a person who was a uni leave a customer thought but how could we do this differently right so and then just one final comment so this thing about IP this is why this is why it'sit's such a disruption right because you know in the newspaper business you used to have a news room full of people right and the news room full of people went out and journalists wrote stories and they worked on stories for months and then they produce the stories and they wrote the martin reuters got the source data and BBC published it or any other publisher but today with my phone i am the producer of news as it happens I'm recording it and I'm publishing it what's the cost to produce the news now zero which means for the news JUSA their role today is no longer to produce news it's not to give perspective because when Donald Trump says something stupid we all know about it before CNN reports it he says it to all of us on Twitter were following him so we don't need CNN to tell us what Donald is saying we need CNN to tell us what it means now that Donald has said it and we know is nobody knows what it means yes so true okay we do have some questions don't forget you can and if you're watching at home as well do download the app and you can pose your questions too but we've got some questions already in with all these changes and the digitalization of everything what will humans end up doing all year holidays actually yes well that's your life maybe no I think it's a great it's a great question but I think for once for the first time this is what for me is exciting for the first time in 500 years do you know what human beings will get to be human we can just think just think think for a minute we invented the entire production system and then try to roboticize human beings think about a production line yeah you stand there and your job is to put something on something you can get a robot to do that so we bring human beings into this thing called the organization and then we strip them of the one thing that makes them human which is creativity we standardize processes and we tell them you've got to deliver exactly as this process says don't think just do in my view what it means for the future is it means actually we you and I can't add robots robots will never be able to be more efficient than a piece of of artificial intelligence a robotic performing a function it's not gonna happen what we can be is more creative through music and song and art through love yeah and all of that stuff inspires the future I mean it does sound very kind of like out there and you know up in the clouds but actually if you think about it we went through before the Industrial Revolution we used to work with our hands yes then the Industrial Revolution happened and we started to do the head work yes but now of course computers big data analytics does the head work yes so you're saying we're turning to the heart 100 deciding what to do with these machines that we've created using our heart a hundred percent because I can't I can't see how a piece of artificial intelligence will be able to produce the swan lake i all right technology reports for the BBC yes I like to think in South Africa as well as in Africa in general mobile payments are gaining in adoption and more widely spread than in Europe what can European countries learn from African countries to make mobile payments more attractive to customers now I did some coverage of m-pesa I thought you were gonna say it was impressive that you hadn't got it on board weird was it but that was safari comment I see but you know this this has given the financial institutions in the African continent a real problem in terms of regulation and also you know it's staggered meters to know there were billions and billions of dollars worth of money in storage in people's phones yeah who's getting the interest payments on that and of course it's Safaricom because there's an interest-free process isn't it in this it's so cool so this question touches on a couple of bits if you'll just allow me some latitude the first is in the old world there was a competition and you could frame your competition if you were a bank you competed with a bank across the corner from you if you were insurance for him the same and ordered firm the same a telecommunications company the same but today the telecommunications company that's moving and storing value has become the bank the telecommunications company and this is just what's happened now in Zimbabwe stryve must CEO who runs econet has now created an insurance product that you can buy on your phone using mobile data the telecommunications company is now an insurance firm why because he's understood that the customer of the phone trusts the company on the phone much more than they trust a billboard of somebody saying pay me X amount and I'll give you an insurance product and I promise to pay mmm so it's really cool what it looks like in future but I think what Europe can learn and this is the heart of the question look Africans guys are really good at two things that's it the first thing is were really good at leaps so where as Europe's goes through meta forms of innovation Africa does one big leap we go from Alcatel to wow way and we leave out Ericsson and Nokia and everybody in the middle right will go from I don't know smith-corona typewriter to MacBook Pro that's that's that's how Africa does things and the reason we can is because the attitude and the continent I come from is let's try it that's the attitude it's all what the hell let's give it a bash see what happens maybe that's what Europe can learn yes usually they do it with VCS money which is why we lose the money but but that's really what it comes down to yeah yeah absolutely and it the physical infrastructure I mean we are somewhat held back aren't we in in in the developed world's because we have this physical infrastructure which you're not tied to in the African country 100% you know you made the comment about besa so people don't know 48% of foreign 48% of all remittances in Kenya happen on on d'Ampezzo platform 48% of all remittances happen on a mobile phone how does the government text that and worse and here's what's happening now in the East African Corridor the money moves through borders without Forex clearance so what's the role of the Reserve Bank if I can send money from one country to another using them you it is it's staggering right so what's cool is it's happening I suppose what's uncool is it means that the industries of old will die and new industries will be birth to somewhere in the middle and it has given you know it has allowed a lot of people who weren't in the formal economy to actually enter the formal economy of it so I I really I I suppose if you can't get a sense of my enthusiasm so I wish I was sharing with with the guys yesterday I'm the first person in my family to get a university degree if you don't know the past of my country in South Africa was until 1990 black people weren't allowed a certain level of education you weren't allowed in education past yes six of school so I'm the first person my father went through year until year 12 of school breaking the law I'm the first person to my family with the university qualification I've got four degrees but I'm first person my family to do it so what it means then is the reason my generation can leap is because my existence is a leap I live in a world that was not designed for me but a world in which today I have to thrive yeah my native languages is a Zulu vocie timber wire means voci is to bring life to timber wire means the trusted one the reason i'm we are the trusted one is because our family was the family of gods think of it like bodyguards to the Zulu King that's why I'm 6 foot 2 dashing and built like an ox in it yeah so so there's a lineage to this thing but might might my first language is is Azul right but every day I converse in English I'd like to think probably better than most people do mm-hmm yeah and because my existence is a leap making technology leaps so making them in business is kind of second nature and that's the thing you'll you'll notice more and more of that in the continent of Africa it's it really is it's it's quite cool to watch mmm we've got another question on insurance I've got one of the other themes of your talk insurance fine tuning of risks how to reconcile in the health sector people at risk of significant illness would become uninsurable well I don't know I think it depends I think it depends on what we do with senses and I think it depends on remember insurance is about input data the better data you have the better you can quantify the risk so if the view of the future is that more senses are going to give us access to more data then actually I don't see that we have more people being uninsurable I think quite the contrary you have better priced risk because today if I'm a there's a distortion of risk so for most insurance companies young people on the books of the insurance company subsidize the old because the young person is just naturally a less health risk than the old person who lives a who's lived longer and must be careful here watching the average age in this room but there is there is a distortion and a dispersion of risk they're all I think all it means is that future the risk will be better priced it does mean older people will probably pay higher premiums in my view it means younger people will pay lower premiums but in a world where as we heard ray said say earlier the the demographic dispersion means that there are more young people coming into the system than old what it means for the insurance sector is that there will be more people to insure do you think I mean the use of these Fitness monitors do you think we'll come to a point where people will be incentivized to participate in sharing their biometric data and living a healthy lifestyle yeah yeah so just one final comment on that so you discovery the firm I was telling about earlier and I don't want to talk about them too much but they did this thing where they said depending on how much you use your your device your fitness device and for them specifically it was Fitbit they counted they could count the number of steps because you do on Fitbit and you're going to lock the data and based on the number of steps you were doing as well as your heart rate etc etc you would pay less premium so what people did is they started taking the fitbit's and putting them on their dogs yeah true story it was very clever very clever but but I don't you a question I think what I think actually what will happen in future is that I don't think it'll be a device I don't think it'll be a device I think it'll be it'll be in you I think it'll happen in future in this sounds really crazy but I suppose you know it sounds about as crazy as when somebody said 3040 years ago you're gonna have a piece of phone and you're you're gonna have a piece of metal in your pocket called a phone and in it you gonna have more computing power than the Neil Armstrong had when he went to the moon yeah yeah it would have sounded just about as crazy I think 30 years from now the Fitbit will probably be something embedded in you it'll be a chip yeah and it'll not only tell people your heart rate but it'll tell us when you're about to have a heart attack and in it will have all your information we'll know who you owe when you owe them if you run away from the law that governments will know where to find you I think this is in the future we're gonna be hyper connected and for me that's really really exciting because I've been looking for my ex-girlfriend for a really long time excited by that perspective who's terrified by the idea right Bosley thank you so much fantastic okay time for a break but before we go let's have a quick look at what Mateus is doing with our visual documentation our visual facilitation so I guess this is gonna be online for you to check back later on so Thank You Matteo thank you for keeping all of that know oh gosh very shocking okay time for a quick break now to refresh your brains chat with each other about what you've heard so far hop up on the caffeine levels of course please do keep tweeting commenting h-c Lux is the hashtag is especially you people at home you have no excuse we will see you back in here at 10:50 I believe for our next set of speakers so enjoy your coffee thank you

Channel: Vusi Thembekwayo

Views: 67,745

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Keywords: motivation

Id: i0114HCGB24

Length: 40min 16sec (2416 seconds)

Published: Mon Jun 18 2018