The Very Worst Jobs Of Victorian England | The Worst Jobs In History | Timeline

history isn't just something that happened to the Great and the good much of who we are and where we come from is down to a whole host of ordinary people getting their hands dirty doing a lot of really terrible jobs in this program the cleaning job that kept Britain on the rails why you need dog poo to make a saddle when I said yes to this welcome to the worst jobs in the Victorian period [Music] Queen Victoria died over a hundred years ago but it doesn't seem that long and that's partly because the Victorian workers laid the groundwork for a lot of the things we take for granted many of us still live in their houses and use the schools and hospitals and other public buildings that they put up and they built the railways the Victorian era was the Golden Age of steam powered by a lot of really terrible in Queen Victoria's lifetime the railways grew from a hundred miles of track to $22,000 industry fulfilled the edge and rail was romantic romantic jobs every little boy wants to be driver but on the footplate driver was top dog beneath him was the battery each other's fire feeding the fire on end not many kids wanted to do this and I can't imagine anyone dreaming of the job below the Parliament the very worst job on the railway was the engine cleaner but that didn't mean just a tiny bit of spit and polish this was a job for which you had to get really kiss it up this one's pretty cold isn't it yeah well let me show you what on the cold one because we can have to do now Tony's actually get inside the firebox so they're in there get in there yeah but your thigh is in the hole and then turn yourself over in the hole your hands are now touching the floor yeah [Laughter] you put should touch touch the fire bars with your feet yeah I'm feeling it okay you're in the shovel now yeah I can't see a thing you have to feel your way around yeah there's a shovel you know what I've realized oh yeah you you shovel about five or six tonnes of coal you don't have to be fit you know very awkward [Music] [Laughter] we've got to do a reverse of what you did to get in we've got it you gotta turn around and grab that oil try we'll just crawl out after being in this hole I was happy to get a breath of fresh air but not for long I should have known better and stayed inside right under now to clean out the ash pan pretty messy down here it's a very wet and oily and nasty dirty war the lads have been down here all day yeah there would have been people on a ship system in a big Depot and that will be a job all day long disposing engines which would consist of digging out the fire like we've just done yeah and doing the ash pan like I'm going to show you now you know rotting jobs go must really qualify for one of the one of the worst if not the worst it could be pouring with rain or it could be freezing cold very lightly in the middle of the night and this is all you do all day and that's all I've got in my hand is the s-pen right yeah so what you have to do is to put your ash pan right right inside here [Music] very dusty [Music] [Music] Wow this is an empty one by the way as far as cleaning jobs go that's gotta be long before all this lot that long before anyone could even dream of getting a good job like this someone had to lay these and that into the business really was hard work is a huge new day's they've got machinery to do all the heavy lifting decision if it tips down even toilet in Victorian times they had to do it all by hand these men did the hard work Navis so-called because they built the navigation canals they were a wandering army of itinerant laborers a quarter of a million of them built the backbone of Victorian Britain the roads canals docks and sewers and they built the railways they lived in shanty towns on the job and a ration of beer and meat two pounds of meat and a gallon of beer a day after work they drank some more and their job was to dig so you think digging is easy what about something like this it's the size of your average back garden about four metres deep imagine digging this by hand where on earth would you start [Music] actually start somewhere like this originally this land would have been flat right across the top there like that and this whole v-shape would have been filled up with earth and covered in little bushes and trees rather like it is now and then the navvies would have arrived and they'd have started digging down and down and down until finally they got to the level where the track had been dug to further down the line and all they've got to do that with was a shovel and a pick in a wheelbarrow and a couple of wooden planks 19th century Navi how would he get all this earth from here right up to the top of the car he would run it up the plank do a barrow run you've got two ropes there one would be attached to rob the other would be attached to the Barrow and at the top there you'd have a horse in those days well trained horse to the job how much of this stuff would they have had to shift in a day Oh believe it or not 20 tons because they were being paid piecework I mean that's how they knew that they were living 20 tons very tonnes how much you reckon you've got in there up one and a half hundred weight three you get that to the top yeah goodness he wasn't actually pushing the Barrow of course there was a horse at the top that was taking this train people steering it but you got to think about the slipperiness of the very dangerous indeed very dangerous if the horse took fright or suddenly refused to do what he was supposed to do and the Barrow would lose momentum suddenly you know probably the Barrow would go one side the man would go the other that was one of the many dangers [Music] it was said that every mile of track claimed a life that was the price that was opposed with the price that was paid life was cheap yeah do you bring it back down yeah no mokou the irony was that because the Barrow run was so dangerous the boss is putting new scenes to do the same job but the guys hated them because they were on peace rate and so they could earn much more money cheers Rob from doing it with the Barrow so they smashed the machines up and reverted to doing it this way oh god Phil if I have to lean right back presumably there wasn't a fatal slip when I get to the tack board might line up for it yeah it feels like it's all gonna tip back onto me what's the extraordinary is if I've been doing this in Victorian times gotta be full of beer and meat oh good yes done it done it [Music] satisfying yes but also terrifying I thought the whole time that the Barrow was just gonna collapse on top of me it was pretty heavy going if I was Victorian Navi I've had to have done about 200 of these everyday pissed okay so the tracks are down the job's done well no actually Navy's queued up for the Barrow run no one wants to pack the ballast the UV ballast to get good drainage on your track yeah so you sleepers don't fill up the water and obviously the more ballast you've got the more stable the track is obviously when you drive a train over it the track tends to move around and if you've not got much ballast then you can even track eventually the time you've done you can end up with it level between sleepers yeah and you're the shovel ton and half a ballast my little pile here is just a min G half a ton this pile is 20 tons each Navi would have had to ship this every day digging it was a doddle really packing it only 10 minutes of this I'd had enough reminds gumgum but however much your muscle screamed the worst job of all on the railways was the one that took the most lives the worst job was having to dig out tons this tunnel is about half a mile long he took hundreds of men to dig a tunnel like this and worked in candlelight twelve hour days were the norm accidents were common a combination of naked flames and dynamite was often lethal there was one particular explosion on the Manchester Sheffield stretch and 50 men were killed in five hundred injured so what happened - someone was injured what happened was as like as not you'd be carted to the mouth of the tunnel and put on a ordinary waggon with straw and just jolted along for probably three miles to the nearest road before ever you got anywhere near a hospital such as they were in those days it was an unimaginable torture for the injured man just to be taken to the nearest hospital in 1840 in the Woodhead tunnel in Cheshire thirty-two men were killed 140 seriously injured two had fractured skulls and 500 others suffered broken bones it's hard to imagine isn't it when the explosion would have been like in a tunnel like this I don't think we can't imagine it Tony well we can't imagine it but we can recreate it we can't do the the panic and the terror and the feeling of isolation but we can recreate the explosion although this being the 21st century we've got a special effects man way over there and we've got a second camera and loads of lighting we've got ear defenders fire extinguishers electrician the police have been informed we've got the man from the parks authority keeping an eye on us all in fact we've got all the paraphernalia of the 21st century risk assessment form go it's terrifying I could feel it I could feel it you actually get the shake as merciful yes don't you that's what a manic felt it tremendous a jolly good bang now you've got to admit the railways built by the navvies transformed the country and gave the Victorians a new freedom to travel for the first time large numbers of people were able to move around very easily in the 1870s ninety-two thousand farm workers left the countryside and moved to town [Music] light out in the country was becoming more and more difficult as agriculture staggered from one depression to another for those farmers left behind which meant that the worst jobs in the countryside were left for those who came cheapest mostly kids why were so many of the worst jobs in the countryside done by children look honey there's a lot of them larger Victorian families of course are readily available cheap for the flavor what kind of jobs would they have done than any job really from any fetching carry meaning job fetching water to pigs anything like that what are these to do these are actually scaring crows and there's no batteries one for the rock one for the probes one to rot and want to grow what's that mean well it means that you're so enough seed that you're going to get a crop and the one that is growing you want to do your best to keep the birds off that so what having your kids running around keeping the birds away your hopefully gonna have enough to harvest in the summer so they don't have to get rid of everyone enough seeds and seedlings available to let the field flourish that's right keep keep the majority there into the day looks like the worst job for me what's this well yes this is dipping or doubling so we're gonna do take these differs yeah put them in the ground why no making little dents yeah and then you can sow the seeds in that little basket there a few in each sort of nine or ten yeah just keep going like that yep so nice even rows oh you're back and go quickly certainly would who would have done it well it would have been small holders small little family farms because this is a very cheap form of the equipment run an expensive horse-drawn machinery and there's a the whole family could get involved children wives everyone helping out so in this crop so it's nice even space a part you can get through when it's growing actually hurt and keep the weeds down which is the Dibley or me me well I've been the dibbler yeah it's better than sticking the seasons no there's definitely a hierarchy in this job isn't there definitely at your top dipper yeah I can go but quicker now getting routine and living going it's just a little bit monotonous [Music] if you've ever complained about your job being boring forget it you have no idea try this one actually I am hard at work here I know it doesn't look like it but I am a herring core my job is to sit here and watch and when I see a flock of gulls flying low over the water I know that there's a shoal of herring out there so I shout out the word hearing to the villagers and they rush out of their houses and jump in their boats and go and catch them but it can take quite a while [Music] it's like flexing with actually collecting the stones off the field the crops been sowed it's been tweets it stands about two or three inches above the actual stone now and one thing this land it almost grows stone they're actually getting them up off the soil hopefully improve the soil and actually get the stones out of the way of the harvesting machines with moving blades which are expensive machines and so he's in the chief form of labor here to actually get this potential hazard out of the way and what happens for the stands well they'll go off into the cart and we can utilize those for making track ways and the pathways just random about and maybe use the moment on the parish roads what was life like for these kids but it wouldn't been all nice and sunny like today it would have been cold hard real drudgery they'd been out here all weathers picking around because I've got gloves and they didn't have their luxury of that pretty tough rim conditions and of course the end of the day after a long 1012 hours work getting home to small damp crowded in the house large families not much to eat probably just a little bit of bread and cheese it's a pretty grim life was really very tough for victorian children Victorian kids were skinny and undernourished many were beaten and they were drugs to ease their pain so that they could work in the longer hours when Parliament outlawed the use of child labour in 1869 no one released him to take any notice herring calling was a bit like watching paint dry without the thrill people in Victorian Britain did what they could to earn a living no job was too small and taking money from fishermen to alert them to the chance of a catch was one way of earning something own it was a bit cold on the bum jobs like these may have been boring or messy or just plain hard but they were nothing like facing one of mankind's creepiest and oldest enemies the rat welcome to the grim world of the Victorian racket [Applause] [Music] rats were rampant in Victorian times in overcrowded towns washing and toilet facilities were very poor disease was rife filth was commonplace in one single building in London a rat catcher caught 700 rats everyone needed a rat catcher and this was the most famous of Jack Black rat catcher to Queen Victoria rat catching was a big business there was money to be made arrests were very salable he could catch rats and sell them to publicans who were running rat pits in their purpose a secret illegal occupation what's a rat pit a rat pit is where they pitched the rats against dogs probably terriers and they had a fight and people betted on them that can't be much of a market canal well one publican in Enfield was buying 500 rats a week that's 26 thousand a year but threatens ahead so you can work it out for yourself presumably they had rat poison in those days though yes right catchers used to make their own poisons secret recipe here's an example now a rat catcher would go to a marketplace with his poison to sell to the general public because rats was such a problem then as they are now and he might have a cage with many many rats in and to demonstrate the efficacy of his poison he'd take a live rat out of his cage give it the poison and they can rats using poisons easy what made this one of the worst jobs at the age was when they had to catch them live they did it by hand rad catches attracted the rats by rubbing a mixture of sweet-smelling oils on their hands this worked that rats bite a lot rat catchers often caught terrible infections you'd need to be an idiot to put your hand blindly in a hole after a rat fashioned boiled sweet is definitely something but honestly when you just stick your defenseless hand in here you've no idea [Music] no noise in oh I've got something I've got something very differently and it's wood thing it's the issue there it is Oh so what do you think now Tony well it's kind of cute isn't it but it's also fairly disgusting I don't think I would like to do this every day so I take it yeah [Music] [Applause] [Music] Harry Harry Harry I don't know what Steve Angele [Music] after all that hard herring calling I thought I deserved a trip to the pub but the some Victorian workers that didn't mean a relaxing drink top of virtually everyone's list of worst jobs of the Victorian era has got to be child chimney sweep but according to Dick Van Dyke a sweep is as lucky as lucky can be was it really such a bad job sending little boys up chimneys was actually made illegal in 1840 24 years later the axe had to be strengthened because people just ignored it Leslie did they've really put little children as young as Danielle have the chimney I'm afraid they did children even younger than Daniel I know that Daniels 8 and children of 6 and 7 were sent up with chimneys why why didn't they just shove big brushes up and there were lots of very poor children around who'd got stunted growth from bad nutrition and they were very very slim and they were very very agile and could handle a little brush like that superb Lee for sweeping down the sort right you scruffy allergy and get out their chimney there's me how much did they pay these kids well they didn't pay them anything at all actually and kids are about 6 and 7 off and orphans or kids looked after by the parish they'd apprentice them to a master sweep and the idea was the master suite would care for them feed them clothe them give them a living until such time as they were too big to go up the chimney the only problem is of course the master sweeps were out to make as much money as they could themselves so the kids didn't get paid they get very meager food often that meant that they got to stunted growth they were very slim just a little bit doing cleaning what was it like up there in the chimney very tight-fitting I mean off and on a chimney like this you'd have your main chimney but you'd have flus going off from the main chimney so very very narrow areas that they had to climb in I would call for Latin get squashed by the space because you really tight space kids did gas Stoke kids died of respiratory problems and sometimes they got stuck in there and nobody could get them out so it was a very tragic life [Music] [Music] as industry grew in the Victorian period mass production broke jobs down into individual tasks that were unbelievably repetitive and dull label sticking was the Mount Everest of dull this was as good as it got for a lot of people there was nowhere else to go this is a very boring job but ironically one of the great men of the age started off here Charles Dickens was a label sticker as a lad before going on to write the novels which give us our clearest pictures at the age [Music] we know a lot about the Victorians because in their curiosity to explore life they documented almost everything even something like this I am a cigar end collector and why because I can sell them back to the cigar manufacturers or on to people who want to smoke but can't afford to buy film cigars we know of people who did jobs like this from Henry Mayhew who documented the poor of London and some of the worst jobs he found were jobs involving scavenging why was there so much scavenging in Victorian times well of course had always been people scavenging all on the streets but what happened during the Victorian period was the England was becoming more and more urbanized more and more people moving into the towns and the cities and they were producing a lot more rubbish a lot more refuse and plus there were just more and more people who needed to find some form of employment in some way to feed themselves this guy with the tall hat over here see scavenging of these ham bones chicken bones well these are all sorts of bones that this bone grabber has picked up outside houses and just in the streets of London and they were a very valuable commodity because he could sell them on to bone mills and they would be ground up and they could be used for manure to produce soap and other product smell very fresh today what about this burly looking guy it looks just like the Coleman we used to have when I was a kid well he's actually a dustman so he's going around households emptying dust bins and collecting the dust and cinders there and that's what we've got here just dust that's right most of the rubbish that Victorian households were producing was the dust and cinder from fires and this dust would be taken by pony and cart to some of the enormous dust yards around the city and the dust there would be sifted and sorted some of it would go for manure some of it for making bricks and there would be a lot of other very useful and valuable things mixed in with the dust so there would be things like old boots and shoes jewelry rags and bones all kinds of things that actually had a certain value this is a rather sinister looking guy well this man is a tosser or a sewer hunter so he made his living going down London's a ramshackle sewers finding coins jewelry silver-plated cutlery and he would use this hoe to poke around in the old brickwork but also if he fell into difficulty if he got stuck in a quagmire he could use this hoe to try and lift himself out before he he sunk without a trace these are Premier League of scavengers these are very much the elite of scavengers because they could make as much as 2 pounds a week from the items that they in the sewers and they had to be very fit very strong very healthy because they faced a lot of dangers down in the sewers from attacks from rats from the poisonous fumes that were down in the sewers rummaging around in bins like these guys collecting dust and even bits of bone were pretty hard jobs but they weren't the worst the worst scavenging job was down here on the shore this place had 50 people a day working here name sounds charming but the job of the mudlark certainly wasn't in Victorian times this was a great place to be it would have been incredibly smelly the River Thames was basically like an open sewer the majority of London's population that their sewage just went straight into the river untreated there were lots of other things that were going into the river as well things like offal from the city's slaughterhouses vegetable waste from the wholesale markets even things like dead dog dead cats even dead bodies from murdered people who'd been tossed into the river so who were the people who were poking around here looking for stuff well these were the mud larks they were really the most wretched of people they were very young children who were perhaps orphans old women who were either widows or perhaps their husbands have turned to drink and couldn't work well they were really the people who were on the verge of destitution they had no choice they were forced to come on to the foreshore to try and find any tiny scrap that they could sell all this the kind of thing that people were looking for that's exactly the sort of thing people would look for any old bits of coal bits of words bits of metal particularly copper copper words were particularly prized meth or and things like rags and bones and old bits of rope well they kind of made much money well they certainly didn't they would be lucky if they made maybe a penny or tooth and it's a day from what they could pick up so these were people who were pretty much destitute would their work long hours they could only work at low tide so that was only for about an hour half-half be doing it so not only that were they working in the most stinking place and making no money but they didn't even have decent hours to make a bit more that's right you may think these scavenging jobs cigar and collecting mud Larkin bone picking were the worst and sure they were terrible but they weren't the poorest below them with a very worst jobs because the really destitute ended up here in the workhouse there were work houses before the Victorian period but the Victorians took them a stage further the new poor laws of 1834 made them even nastier than they had read the hollow point about the workhouse was the jobs you did there had to be worse than anything outside even so in the 1850s there were 200,000 people in work houses all over the country for these people this was about as low as you could go once in it was very difficult to get out men were separated from women being able bodied from those less fit and all the jobs were intended to punish you for being [Music] first or Bastogne breaking pretty nasty okay try for punishment job it really is yes imagine they would have you've got to break it into really really small pieces because the stone would have been used for mending roads don't do anything really just smoke no keep going what everybody have had to do this job no not everybody there was such an awful job only the cash would have done this for a day j-just for one day's work I smell in it you need to get them all about this size wasn't because you've got to pass them through a mesh in the wall a metal mesh in the wall of the stone breaking cell was it it got to be small enough to be able to use erode building and if they didn't if you couldn't get them through the mesh then you had to break it again so I'll get all this laughs why'd you pick it well to start with you've got a bit of rope or cable that you then have to break up right the way down this is a piece of rope and you're breaking it down into the strands yeah and then how you got the strand you break it right down into the yarn and then you've got to break that yarn down into the actual fibers of the hemp so what's the outcome this the oakum is the raw fiber it's sort of the unmaking of the old rope um what's the point of it what happens to this because then it goes back to the shipyards and to the the vessels where it's rolled together to form a thin sausage that is then banged into the the joints in the in the in the planking and to stop it leaking the people who did this well able bodied inmates in the workhouse that have been now given this job today but their fingers it just used to bleed at the end of a couple of hours of doing this when you first start doing this this is pretty easy it's money for a rope but the more that you have to get your fingers into these tiny clogged up little threads the harder it gets and it just cuts in to your fingers and and your thumbs and a bit like that which looks like you could do in no time at all by the time you've pulled it out into its constituent part there's just loads and loads and loads of it and if you'd have been having produce pounds of this stuff a day you'd have to be going for hour after hour I suppose the thing about this job is that if you were in a workhouse you had to do it yes you did yes you had to do whatever jobs they gave you you had no choice in the matter so in the way however awful some of the other jobs were at least it was your choice but here they took away your dignity they did indeed yeah and some of the jobs that they had to do was so bad like this this was given to workhouse inmates to do but it didn't necessarily give it to prisoners in countries trails to do you're not picky very fast no for thinking you don't come to the workhouse to think we came to the workhouse to work [Music] don't try this at home what we're doing is collecting the raw materials for most probably the worst job I'll ever have to do this isn't just the worst job of the Victorian era this must be the worst job of all time [Music] horses were a key part of Victorian life the carriages heavy-lifting traveling for work for pleasure you name it but where have you got horses you've got lots of bits and pieces bags saddles stirrups and they've all got one thing in common never the problem with leather is that it took a long time to make and was a messy process beautiful polished leather like this used on these horses took 15 months work buy a whole factory worth of people working in pretty grim conditions so far I've tried cleaning out steam engines that was pretty disgusting Wow the Jabba the Navi was hard dangerous work and the scavenging jobs really were horrible though at least they kept you out at the workhouse but there's one worse job that's head and shoulders worse than any other job in Victorian times a job so bad but if you wanted to do it you had to live and work apart from everyone else in the village the job of being a Tanner and I don't mean working in a beauty salon if scraping the raw flesh off dead animals then soaking them in pools of water and dog feces appeals then this is the job for you every little town in Victorian Britain had its own tannery leather was an enormous Lee important part of everyday life this tannery is the last in the country to make leather in the same way as the Victorians first you need a dead cow to turn it into tooled leather the work is heavy and smelling really smelly [Music] we call this place is the line me up Tom what happens here this is the first process once I had to come in to us we D Haring the hides here yeah so what we've done is we've mixed up water and hydrated lime and that line is going to loosen the the hair by the roots and also it will swell though you fat on the inside so it's easy to cut off so when they've been in there a fortnight we'd pull them out and they're ready for D hearing and fleshing it out pick up the clip there yeah and if you put it right into the fork right into the belly part of the hypes far as you can go that's about right yeah yes it's a bit of us well no cool it's like you're off gravy possibly but you'll get used to cool heavy - it is heavy so what do we do now Andrew well this has got to go up over the beam now so we've got to get this onto that that's right it's a nice big heavy hide it's pretty heavy I'm much as it weighs 100 kilos listen you've got plastic gloves on tight well that's why when do you going on [Music] I was her skidding under the fingers it's led coming away in your hands over time so now we have to get the hair off yes now you have to work it down with Addie herring tool it's all yours thank you Oh can't wait lovely didn't know you don't think I'm even getting used to the smell man yeah we'll get used to it after a while do you even notice it I don't [ __ ] my wife do I get too old no Tom's right I'm surprised he's still there how many of these they've been doing a Diana well Ben's a good man would do 15 to 20 so this was pretty heavy work wasn't her yes I mean this is the Habeas work that was in the climb yard it was always the least popular jobline yard work was so look see how you're getting on leaving a few short hairs here you better get these all these hairs out so seconds once some it goes into the tenure the hair won't come out this was a bit gross but the swollen fatty bit on the inside took us into a whole new leaf and I'm talking premiere notation white conference the blade flat yeah to the Hawaii cause it's all them angle anyway the blade gets plugged up with the fat yeah just an awful it's a very sharp line so watch your fingers okay alright let's have your welcome it's hard to keep the blade in your hands because it's so wet and sticky around here that's yeah it keeps trying to run away from you go around just take action oh well I go and die in a corner but so far we haven't seen any dog poo everywhere you haven't done what happens is when the hives been cleaned up so some been fleshed Andy head it's then ready for deal IMing or baiting as they used to say in the old days now the baiting was a mixture of dog dung and chicken dung in a bit with water and then warmed up and used to get the bacteria from the the dung used to work on the hide all the fibers of the hide and soften it and the idea was you only had to put in for short time but the old boys used to keep it for weeks because the older it was the more bacteria that was in there so you'd get this smell which is pretty difficult to work in and then in addition to that there'd be this kind of chicken and dog poo gravy that they heat it up yes well particularly in thundery weather it used to work on his own but if you kept it for any length of time then the whole village uses Valley you did a long-suffering woman your voice but yes right I've done some fairly foul jobs during the course of this series I've eaten toads I've been up to my knees in stale urine I've been on the receiving end of explosions simply in terms of back-breaking work of cold water of the rotting flesh and the sheer unmitigated stink and to say that SAP being a tanner has got some claim to being the worst job when we think of history we tend to think of places like this and the kings and the queens and the great discoveries and the big battles but without a Tanner and the Fuller and the men who looked after the Knights and kept their Armour shining and the loblolly boys and the saltpeter man and the grooms of the stool none of this would have happened we owe them a lot the people who did some of the worst jobs in history shaped the world in which we live [Music] you [Music]

Channel: Timeline - World History Documentaries

Views: 540,368

Rating: 4.8614688 out of 5

Keywords: Full length Documentaries, Channel 4 documentary, Documentaries, worst jobs in history, 2017 documentary, Documentary Movies - Topic, documentary history, TV Shows - Topic, the worst jobs in history, BBC documentary, Full Documentary, stories, History, victorian documentary, Documentary, real, the victorians, victorian history, tony robinson, history documentary

Id: KaaZasiRzgU

Length: 48min 38sec (2918 seconds)

Published: Sat Feb 10 2018

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No shortage of work, industrialization left and right, everything is made locally, no pesky immigrants needed etc