The Universe Just STOPPED Expanding! James Webb SHOCKS The Entire Space Industry!

the universe as we know it now began as a tremendously hot tiny and dense Singularity that expanded some 13.8 billion years ago the universe is everything to the largest galaxies to the very existence of space time and life since then it hasn't stopped expanding but what if it did we previously believed the universe to be unchanging before Edwin Hubble's observation of the expansion of the universe in the 1920s Hubble Space Telescope data from several years later confirmed that the expansion of the universe was accelerating the universe is getting bigger every day and what we understand now is that the amount it's getting bigger is getting bigger every day astrophysicists were completely unprepared for this they thought the expansion would actually slow down as a result of gravity they proposed that a force is accelerating the universe's expansion in order to explain the discovery however the James Webb Telescope has just shocked the whole Space sector imagine if galaxies stars planets and everything else in the universe suddenly stopped receding from one another if the current state of the universe froze would it collapse into a singularity as it did before the Big Bang or would it remain roughly the same size it is now would everything come to an end then let's find out [Music] in December 2021 NASA's James Webb Space Telescope or jwse was launched as a multi-purpose Observatory continuing the work of the Hubble Space Telescope jws is altering our understanding of the cosmos much like Hubble did it is assisting Us in seeing galaxies that originated right after the big bang and determining whether planets circling other stars May support life our vision of far-off celestial objects is distorted by the atmosphere which also blocks some light waves including infrared wavelengths that are invisible to human sight space telescopes with infrared capabilities may study the atmospheres of planets circling other stars view newborn Stars through clouds of gas and dust and even Peak back in time to observe galaxies that were created immediately after the big bang compared to Hubble jws can observe a far wider range of the infrared spectrum and gathers six times as much light it becomes the newest primary space observatory in the world and expands and supplements Hubble's observations just 400 million years after the big bang jwsd can observe galaxies that are up to 13.4 billion years old the expansion of the universe has caused galaxies at this distance to move away from us at a rapid rate due to the Doppler effect which is the same phenomenon that causes an ambulance siren to sound higher pitched as it gets closer to you and lower pitched as it passes this lengthens the wavelength of their light in other circumstances Hubble is unable to observe long wavelength light from objects generated even more recently than the Big Bang because it is displaced far into the infrared multiple Space Telescope has a mirror that's eight feet jwst's ability to observe things up to 100 million years after the big bang will Aid in our understanding of the cosmic origins of the universe the incredible photos produced by the James Webb Space Telescope have astronomers in awe yet part of the data already deviates from predictions made by the Big Bang the mature Faraway Galaxy problem with the big bang has long been acknowledged by creationists according to proponents of The Big Bang Theory it took more than 13 billion years for light to travel from the farthest galaxies to Earth according to the Big Bang Theory we should be able to observe these extremely far-off galaxies not as they are right now but as they were more than 13 billion years ago therefore these galaxies ought to appear unevolved and immature yet preliminary web data continue the trend of observations that defy this expectation okay we wanted to figure out how Andromeda was moving through space so in order to order to do that we measured the location of the Andromeda Stars relative to the background galaxies the first observations made by the James Webb Space Telescope appear to show that large brilliant galaxies had already begun to form within the first 250 million years following the Big Bang if verified this would pose a significant challenge to existing cosmological Theory many of these galaxies seem to be more massive than predicted by the conventional cosmological model which describes the structure and development of the universe they are obviously giving proponents of The Big Bang Theory some anxiety the concept of a universe that is no longer growing could be an even bigger issue at this time the universe is thought to be 13.8 billion years old the solar system in contrast is only 4.6 billion years old the mix of matter and energy density in the universe was measured to arrive at this estimate this enabled scientists to calculate how quickly the cosmos had previously grown with that information they could go back in time and calculate the exact time the Big Bang occurred the Big Bang created the cosmos from an infinitely dense and incredibly hot point an enormous burst of expansion known as inflation occurred when the universe was only about 10 to 34 of a second old or 100th of a billionth of a trillionth of a second in age during which time space itself expanded faster than the speed of light from its subatomic Beginnings to its present golf ball size the universe expanded by a factor of at least 90 throughout this time the work that goes into comprehending the expanding Cosmos is a result of both astronomers first-hand observations and theoretical physics research the cosmic microwave background which is The Relic radiation from The Big Bang is one instance where astronomers have not been able to observe gravitational waves directly after astronomers discovered the signal detected may be explained by dust in the Milky Way a preliminary announcement about discovering these waves in 2014 was swiftly retracted so I pushed this idea one vital step further you see he realized that if space is flexible enough to warp NASA claims that the expansion of the cosmos continued after inflation albeit more slowly the universe cooled as it expanded and matter began to form the universe was bursting with neutrons protons electrons anti-electron photons and neutrinos one second after the big bang the Light Elements were created in the Big Bang nucleosynthesis process which took place within the first three minutes of the universe the hydrogen isotope deuterium was created as a result of the Collision of protons and neutrons as temperatures dropped Trace Amounts of lithium were also produced and the majority of the deuterium was mixed to create helium the early Cosmos was fundamentally too hot for light to shine for about 380 000 years atoms were violently broken up into a dense plasma an opaque soup of protons neutrons and electrons that dispersed light like fog as a result of the intense heat of creation according to scientists the early Universe had little to no structure and matter and energy were dispersed almost uniformly everywhere NASA claims that the huge web-like structure of stars and emptiness that is seen now was created by the gravitational pull of tiny variations in the quantity of stuff at that time dense regions Drew in more and more matter through gravitational attraction and as they grew more massive the more matter they could draw in as a result they formed Stars galaxies and larger structures like clusters super clusters filaments and walls with great walls made up of thousands of galaxies that were as long as a billion light years less dense areas did not develop turning into voids or areas of apparent emptiness according to NASA scientists believe that the cosmos was made almost exclusively of common atoms or baryonic matter until a few decades ago you realize that our galaxy is part of a local group of galaxies perhaps 30 and our galaxy and Andromeda are the two biggest galaxies in this local group the majority of the components that make up the universe however appear to exist in forms that are invisible to the human eye according to increasing amounts of recent data it turns out that only 4.6 percent of the cosmos is composed of atoms the rest is divided into two components dark energy which is thought to be driving the universe's accelerated expansion and dark matter which is likely made up of one or more species of subatomic particles that interact with conventional matter only vary weekly according to NASA hydrogen makes up approximately 75 percent of the atoms that we are familiar with helium makes up approximately 25 percent and heavier elements make up only a very small portion of the universe's atoms in what way will the universe end this is a question that people have thought about for thousands of years and now that science has the knowledge and resources to do so an attempt can be made astronomers believe the cosmos would constantly expand and collapse in an unending cycle of cosmic death and rebirth until very recently the strongest evidence however leads to a distant Armageddon that is even more existentially terrifying than what is described in the Book of Revelation long after the destruction of Earth the universe will continue to drift away until Galaxy and star formation stop Stars will slowly fade away leaving the night skies completely dark black holes will consume all remaining matter until there is nothing left the remaining signs of heat will eventually vanish instead of dying in fire and brimstone the universe will likely die in heat death astronomers call it the big freeze it didn't always seem like the universe would come to this conclusion astronomers believed that the Milky Way galaxy was the entirety of the cosmos around a century ago our universe appeared to be static but as Albert Einstein developed his ideas of Relativity he began to observe Oddities his mathematics suggested that the Universe was growing or decreasing therefore Einstein introduced a cosmological constant it followed from the special theory of relativity that marked and energy are food affect different manifestation as a fudge factor to maintain the cosmos in a more enticing steady state Nobel prize-winning cosmologist John Mather the lead scientist for NASA's James Webb Space Telescope asserts that Albert Einstein was not acting foolishly rather he was experiencing what astronomers were feeling at about the same time astronomers started to acknowledge that some of the hazy spiral-shaped nebulae they had been seeing through their telescopes were not clusters of stars in our galaxy they were altogether other universes and Edwin Hubble's careful measurements of their speeds revealed that these galaxies were in fact veering away from our own the expansion of the cosmos has been discovered by Humanity rewinding that expansion eventually led to the discovery that the universe as we know it now was created 13.8 billion years ago in a violent Big Bang after establishing its fundamentals cosmology focused on the big question of how the universe will end a universe that is expanding can end its existence in one of two ways either it will eventually collapse back on itself or it will keep expanding indefinitely astronomers had to rewind the universe's development in order to determine which theory is correct the renowned Friedman equations were derived in 1922 by Russian physicist and mathematician Alexander Friedman these calculations demonstrated that our universe might either grow or contract rather than remain in a constant state and that its fate is dictated by its density if there was enough matter gravity would eventually stop the universe from expanding and bring it crashing back inward when astronomers totaled up all the stuff in the known universe in the 1960s and 1970s they came to the conclusion that there was enough mass for the universe to eventually collapse into an infinitely dense state or possibly even a massive black hole some believed that the universe will undergo yet another expansion known as the big bounce after being squeezed into an endlessly small point or the Big Crunch a notable advocate of the Big Crunch during the 1970s and 1980s was physicist John Wheeler who was credited with helping to develop the phrase black hole it was an apparent outcome to him wheeler believed that each black hole served as an experimental model of the final condition of the cosmos at the time of the black hole Revolution reality is unfortunately not often so relatable a cold empty Cosmos may seem like an unattractive future but it doesn't mean that's not where things are going two different teams of researchers were exploring the far reaches of the cosmos in the late 1990s investigating dying Stars known as type 1A supernovae which act as reference candles for measuring Cosmic distances they discovered that distant explosions were farther away than they had anticipated and appeared to be darker the expansion of the universe was really accelerating rather than going down the researchers had separately discovered dark energy upending accepted cosmological models the unexpected finding of dark energy demonstrated how implausible it was for the universe to end in a big crunch gravity will never be powerful enough to counteract the inflationary effects of dark energy even with all the stuff in the universe pulling inward in other words a big freeze is inevitable for the expanding Cosmos today scientists estimate that only five percent of the universe's mass is made up of normal matter Dark Energy makes up the remaining 69 percent while Dark Matter makes up about 26 percent it turns out that Einstein's cosmological constant which is a key factor in averting a big crunch style collapse appears to be a real world Force derived from Dark Energy all but the nearest galaxies will be too far away to view in a few trillion years due to the expansion brought on by dark energy star creation will eventually stop as dense Stellar remnants like white dwarfs and black holes lock up any leftover material perhaps 100 trillion years from now the last objects in the universe supermassive black holes will complete their evaporation via Hawking radiation in around a Google year from now which is defined as a one followed by 100 zeros following this the cosmos enters a period known as the dark era during which matter is only a dim memory in cosmology how do they explain what it's all about what the cosmos is you have a perception not just in understanding physics according to the second rule of thermodynamics entropy will keep rising in a system like the universe until it reaches a maximum value that implies that eventually the cosmos will arrive at a state in which all energy and thus all heat are equally distributed the temperature of the cosmos will eventually be slightly above absolute zero therefore rather than reflecting The Book of Revelation the end of our universe will probably be like the first chapter of Genesis everything will be dark and empty the conflict between the speed of the universe's expansion and the force of gravity determines the form of the cosmos and whether or not it has infinite or finite size the density of the matter in the universe plays a role in how strong the pull is the cosmos is closed and positively curved like the surface of a sphere if the universe's density exceeds a particular critical number this implies that if the universe exists for a long enough time initially parallel light beams will gradually converge finally cross and then return to their beginning point NASA claims that if this is the case the universe is not infinite but does not have an end just like the area of a sphere's surface is not infinite but has neither a beginning nor an end at some point the universe will stop expanding and begin to contract in on itself the geometry of space is open and negatively curved like the surface of a saddle if the universe's density is below this critical density if so the universe has no limits and will continue to grow indefinitely is a very low energy light according to NASA the universe's geometry is flat with no curvature like a sheet of paper if the universe is density perfectly matches the critical density if this is the case the universe has no limits and will expand indefinitely although the rate of expansion will eventually approach zero according to NASA recent observations have only a 0.4 percent margin of error indicating that the universe is flat it's possible that although appearing to have a different curvature the cosmos actually has a more complex shape the universe might resemble a donut or a Taurus for example thus even if the universe shrinks entropy will still increase in actuality the development and existence of supermassive black holes are the primary cause of entropy in our universe the supermassive black hole at the core of the Milky Way alone has more entropy than the entire universe had just one second after the hot big bang our entropy has increased during the course of the universe by around 30 orders of magnitude as far as we know time would not only continue to advance but the big crunch's immediate predecessor would have had significantly more entropy than the universe did at the beginning of the hot big bang under those severe circumstances all the matter and energy would start to combine as their event Horizons from all the supermassive black holes started to converge this would be the most likely scenario in which gravitational waves and Quantum gravitational effects will manifest on macroscopic scales our universe would create a gigantic black hole with an event horizon billions of light years wide if all the matter and energy were condensed into such a small space the Intriguing aspect of this situation is that when you are close enough to a large enough mass and are subject to a strong gravitational field clocks behave differently if the universe were to collapse once more and move toward a big crunch we would inevitably find ourselves getting closer to the event horizon of a black hole as we did so time would start to enlarge for us extending our final moment out into the infinite future as we descended into the central Singularity of a black hole and as all the singularities fused to bring about the final destruction of our universe in a big crunch there would be some sort of race taking place what would take place then would the universe suddenly disappear much like a tricky knot that was abruptly undone in a blink of an eye with this big crunch result in a second big bang creating a brand new universe our universe may not end exactly as we currently believe even that dark force that is tearing everything apart is unknown to us because of this there is more than one hypothesis that explains the ultimate Destiny of the cosmos they could all be wrong or any one of them could be right thanks for watching another episode of Voyager while you're still here make sure to click the video on your screen for more mind-blowing videos about space

Channel: Voyager

Views: 29,107

Keywords: Voyager, Voyager Space, Space, Destiny, Ridddle, Voyage, Science, technology, universe, top15, interesting facts, education, tech, space, elon musk, rocket, starship, spacex, galaxy, solar system, mars, jupiter, neptune, betelgeuse, geography, terrifying discovery, scientists announced, science news, space news, universe news, elon musk news, nasa, The Universe STOPPED Expanding! James Webb SHOCKS The Entire Space Industry!

Id: O6jAlCg5yBY

Length: 20min 57sec (1257 seconds)

Published: Tue Jul 04 2023