- Like any weird kid who was
obsessed with spooky things, I grew up extremely enamored with the Winchester Mystery House located in San Jose, California. If you were like me and were
super into "Ghost Adventures" you may also remember it
from one of their episodes. - Sarah Winchester, heir
of the Winchester fortune, had San Jose construction
crews working around the clock 365 days a year because her psychic told her that she had to keep building in order to confuse all
of the angry spirits that were killed by the Winchester rifles. - The sprawling, beautiful, and incredibly odd Victorian mansion is legendary, and for good reason. Not just due to its strange architecture and labyrinthine hallways, doors that lead nowhere, stairs that lead to ceilings, et cetera, but due to the story surrounding the house and its mysterious designer
and owner, Sarah L. Winchester. The legend goes that Sarah, who was the heiress to the
Winchester rifle fortune, was haunted until death by the souls of every person
killed by a Winchester gun. These ghosts drove her mad and she supposedly spent
the rest of her life endlessly building this mansion now known as the Winchester Mystery House, making it as convoluted
and nonsensical as possible in order to confuse the ghosts. Growing up I assumed that at
least part of this was true or that Sarah herself
must have believed it. A few days ago I asked you
guys on Twitter and Instagram whether you'd been to the Mystery House and if you had whether or
not you'd seen a ghost. Of those of you who have been, about 10% have seen a ghost. For the love of God, if
you're one of these people, please comment below and tell me about your Mystery House ghost sighting. But as it turns out, the Winchester Mystery House has a lot less to do with ghosts than we're led to believe. Sarah Winchester of legend truthfully has very little
to do with the real woman. So, if not due to ghosts, why does the house look the way it does? Where did the legend even come from? And what truthfully was
Sarah Winchester really like? Come learn with me. Just a quick disclaimer, though. For obvious reasons we'll be
discussing the history of guns and their role in the
brutality of the Old West. Basically a continuation
from the last video. If that's a tough topic for
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to learning the truth about the Winchester Mystery House. (gentle music) The Winchester fortune, oddly enough, didn't begin in arms dealing. It began in shirt manufacturing. Sarah's later husband William Winchester was the son of Oliver Winchester who co-founded the Winchester
& Davies Shirt Manufacturing in the mid 1800s. In fact, many years later, when Sarah Winchester went on
to build the Mystery House, contrary to popular belief it was the shirt manufacturing
fortune that funded most of the house's
renovations and construction. In the 1860s, though, Oliver Winchester sought to
expand his business ventures and invested into the Volcanic
Repeating Arms Company which had invented a
revolutionary repeating revolver with volcanic firing power. Remember, in this time period, guns were very different
than they are today. They were tedious and
time-consuming to load, which could easily get you
killed in a situation like war, especially for a majority of new recruits who were frightened and less experienced. Sarah Winchester's
brother-in-law, Homer Sprague, wrote of his experience in battle, "Nothing is more difficult "than to load and fire advancing "without breaking into hopeless confusion. "Here the rigid drilling we had received, "and the perfect confidence
we had in our success, "sustained us, notwithstanding
the shower of missiles "that drove in our faces. "Our 500 men were in the
midst of 3,000 rebels. "All seemed lost." With the Civil War looming on the horizon, this was of greater concern than ever. The Volcanic Repeating Arms Company was poorly managed, though, and swiftly succumbed to its debts, at which point Oliver Winchester smartly used his investments
to pay off said debts and take over, renaming it the New Haven Arms Company after New Haven, Connecticut, where the Winchester family lived. Oliver brought in a mechanic
from his shirt factory named Benjamin Henry to design something new for NHAC, the world's first repeating rifle which could fire 15
shots in just 10 seconds, something unheard of at the time. As war drew ever-nearer, Oliver Winchester was
seeing the dollar signs in arms dealing, and armed with these new Henry rifles began pursuing government contract deals with the Union Army. It was a hard sell at first, though. Many generals were deeply
concerned about the brutality that more advanced machinery would bring, and rightly so. The Civil War would be fought primarily with single-shot muskets and rifles, but the other war on American soil, the hidden one taking place in the West, was a war of Winchester repeaters. Here is where things got dramatic. While overseas in Europe
trying to sign arms deals, Oliver Winchester made the unbelievably doo-doo-brained mistake of singing over power of
attorney in the company to Benjamin Henry, who didn't even like him. While Winchester was away, Henry filed with the
Connecticut State Legislature to reincorporate NHAC as the
Henry Repeating Rifle Company, effectively committing mutiny
and overthrowing Winchester. But while Winchester had forgotten that Henry hated his guts, Henry had forgotten that Winchester just happened to be a good businessman. Winchester withdrew all of
his money from the company and established the new
Winchester Repeating Arms Company, leaving Henry's enterprise
dead in the water with no cash. The next year, Winchester
offered to pay off the Henry Repeating Rifle Company's debts and once again owned the company, leaving Henry effectively exiled. And it wasn't long before the Henry rifles were known permanently in public memory as Winchester rifles. Oliver wasn't satisfied
with this victory, though. His main goal was acquiring
government arms contracts and surpassing the
massive legacy left behind by Samuel Colt before him, the owner but not
inventor of Colt revolvers known as the PT Barnum
of the arms industry. If Colt was a blood-thirty
businessman, and he was, Winchester wanted to be blood-thirstier. When the Civil War ended, there was a steep fall in the gun market, but coincidentally that's also exactly when the Transcontinental
Railroad was completed in 1869, and, once again, Oliver started
seeing the dollar signs. He established an office in San Francisco and began building a large clientele of people working on ships and the docks and later expanding to American settlers and Native Americans. Much like Samuel Colt before him, Oliver Winchester had no
qualms selling firearms to both sides of a conflict, but the Winchester rifles
undoubtedly skewed in favor of the colonizing settlers and the subsequent
violence that they enacted upon the Native population, often advertising the rifles
with dehumanizing language, like one that read, "For Indian, bear, or buffalo hunting, "the Winchester rifle is unrivaled." As the American government
pushed more and more to trap Native Americans
into reservations, often cutting off their
access to food supply chains and the areas they
previously would have hunted, the growing dilemma of hunger
pushed Native Americans to begin stockpiling Winchester guns, calling them spirit guns
because they kept firing. The Winchester guns were used in many Native revolts and battles and were also fired back at
them from the other side. Untouched by the bloodshed, Oliver Winchester made a lot of money. The government not only finally began supplying
repeaters to its troops but also supplying the guns for free to settlers heading West
and to some cowboys. The Winchester rifles
were also popularized in the hands of Buffalo Bill Cody whose traveling Wild West shows popularized and mythologized
the image of cowboys and what people came to
believe the West was like. Check out my last video
to learn more about that. The first of these shows opened in 1883, featuring Buffalo Bill swinging
around his Winchester rifle and proclaiming it as a
boss for Indian fighting. The legend of the
Winchester rifle was growing as it established itself
as the icon of the West in the hands of everyone involved. For years, the rifle was
viewed in the light of glory, the tool of white American settlers claiming what they believed
was their right to own. But no amount of glory won
in bloodshed lasts forever and it wouldn't take long
for people's consciences to catch up with them. From the 1880s onwards, more and more books and
articles would be published that exposed the violence
against Native Americans as well as the violence
towards white settlers by other white settlers. Though much of the population obviously had little sympathy
for Native Americans, a good number did and openly
criticized this treatment. More commonly, though, many people weren't yet
willing to fully come to terms with white American
complacency and Native genocide and the ideologies that drove it, and instead shifted the blame onto the Winchester rifles themselves. In reality, both should have been blamed. The Winchester Company openly
enabled violence for profit, but it's also true that the
public used the Winchester name as a replacement target
for their own racial guilt rather than turning it inwards. Unfortunately, though, that
guilt only went so far. By 1919, the mythologized
image of the glorious Old West had firmly implanted itself
in the American identity and the Winchester Company
began to advertise its rifles as the gun that won the West, and the public didn't look back. Through all this, Sarah and her husband William Winchester undoubtedly profited while
Sarah mostly participated from the sidelines as
most wives of rich men did in those days. Sarah Winchester herself had
almost no part in the rifles or how they won the West but they became her legacy
more than anyone else anyway almost purely because she accidentally attracted a lot of attention long after she inherited
the Winchester fortune, but that comes much later. And to understand why she
attracted so much attention we need to get to know her first. (gentle music) Sarah Winchester was born
Sarah Lockwood Pardee in New Haven, Connecticut, in 1839, to Leonard Pardee and Sarah Burns. She had five sisters, one
of which died in infancy, and one brother. The family coincidentally moved to the same street as
the Winchester family around the 1850s and the two households
became incredibly close. Because Leonard was a carpenter, Sarah grew up surrounded by talented craftsmen and woodworkers and was deeply fascinated by their work, something that she would
carry with her her whole life. Leonard Pardee was keen
to hop on the blossoming Victorian design trends and ornamentation bringing the distinct style of
the era to New Haven's homes and growing his wealth tremendously. He and the rest of the Pardee family also held pointedly progressive
beliefs for the time, raising their children
with an open-mindedness that would allow them
to lead unorthodox lives in whatever manner they chose. Sarah Winchester, though
a clearly reserved and modest woman, was deeply influenced by these ideals. Sarah met William Wirt Winchester in their childhood as neighbors. Long before William's father
entered the arms business, William grew up assuming
that he would take over the Winchester shirt factory business. William had always been
in rather poor health and was not quite as
strong-willed as Oliver, but he was raised to be the successor to the fortune regardless. Personality wise, he and
Sarah were a good match and by the 1860s they had begun courting. They married in 1862 in
the midst of the Civil War, which William was far too ill to fight in. In 1863, tragically struck the family when William's sister Annie Dye, well, died in childbirth. Her infant son died 19 days later following the simultaneous tragic death of her other two-year-old son. The triple deaths hit the family hard and it became quickly apparent
that Sarah and William would not be establishing
their family far away. In fact, the remained living
in the Winchester house which originally was only
going to be temporary. Sarah herself became pregnant in 1865, both a joyous occasion and
an incredibly tense one after the last pregnancy in
the same house went so badly. The next year Sarah
gave birth successfully to a baby girl named Annie, honoring Annie Dye. You didn't think things were
gonna stay happy, right? This is the Victorian era. The infant mortality rate was not good. Poor little Annie Pardee Winchester struggled to feed and keep food down and was diagnosed with marasmus. Only a month old, the
baby starved to death. Sarah and William, overwhelmed with grief, retreated into seclusion. Only a few years later Sarah lost her father, Leonard Pardee. A trend was being set. Death and mourning would
follow Sarah closely through her whole life. In the years following, though, she was never directly involved in her husband and
father-in-law's business dealings. Sarah began paying
close attention, though, to how they managed the
business and dealt with finances as well as the real estate
management and acquisition. The Winchester family
decided to design and build an expensive and luxurious
new home in New Haven, of which Sarah and William took
a major hand in overseeing. It was a prime opportunity
to focus on something other than their grief over their baby. By the time the home was completed, the couple had become thoroughly enchanted by architecture and construction. It's a good thing too
that Sarah had discovered a passion that helped her cope with grief because 1880 to 81 would prove to be the roughest year of her life. In May 1880, Sarah lost her mother. In December, Oliver Winchester died. And in March 1881, William Winchester died of
his longtime tuberculosis. The three people most
important in her life all disappeared in the span of 10 months. All at once, Sarah found herself
deeply grieving once more, and also suddenly extremely wealthy. She inherited a good amount of money from her mother's estate
divided up to the siblings. From Oliver and subsequently William she inherited thousands and thousands of shares of stocks and bonds as well as real estate
and a $300,000 trust. Sarah had never been
interested in the arms business and so control over the
Winchester Repeating Arms Company fell to other trusted people instead. She got financial consultations
as best she could, dealt with the funerals, and then retreated to the
seaside to grieve in peace. A short while later, Sarah decided against
staying in New Haven's high society wifey circles and began planning her new
life out West in California. By this time, California was being
hyped up across the nation in books, magazines, and brochures, as well as the railway system, as the place to be with its beautiful landscape, cheap real estate and desirable weather. It seemed like just the place for a woman with a lot of money to make a new life. Sarah also invited her
sisters Belle and Estelle to come with her along with their families
and their older sister Nettie who was going there
anyway with her family. The minute Sarah set eyes
on the Santa Clara Valley, she was in love. Together, the sisters and their families began to put down roots
in what is now San Jose. Unfortunately, and I'm sure
you could see this coming from a mile away, it wasn't long until tragedy struck. Having suffered the pain
of a failed marriage, Estelle had become an addict to something that took a toll on her liver. She passed away suddenly in 1894. Belle moved out with her family and Sarah helped her
renovate their new home, reintroducing her to her
passion for home design. Sarah desperately wanted to run wild with her creative passion, and truthfully, now she
had all the time, money, and freedom in the world to do just that. But her passion, considered odd for a
society woman of the time, would attract confusion from others. Confusion and later ridicule and lies. (gentle music) Sarah Winchester is commonly thought of as a woman so stricken with
grief that it drove her mad. A lot of supporting details with this idea place her having seances
to contact her dead William or baby Annie or consulting mediums
to contact them instead, and insinuators flat out say that this was something
that made her a weirdo who was obsessed with death and could never get past
the deaths of her family. But as I discussed in my
video about ghost hunting, this time period was a time when trying to commune with the dead was incredibly common and it was not at all
seen as anything strange. It was incredibly normal for
people to seek out mediums or other methods of spirit communication to try and connect with their
dearly departed loved ones. It didn't make them strange, it meant that they were
reaching towards means other than traditional religious methods to deal with grief. And at the time these
methods were extremely new, so it was seen as an incredibly scientific and forward-thinking thing to do. In an era following the Civil War when every person in the country had been touched by death in some way, it's only natural that
the old religious pillars just couldn't hold that weight anymore. People craved something tangible, and ghostly communication
was seen as wholly rational, especially in the social class of women that Sarah belonged to. That said, we actually
have no hard evidence that Sarah ever visited any
mediums or held seances. Many articles and books report that she visited some specific medium, but there's no evidence
of the guy even existing. Either way, if she did, it wouldn't have made her odd. What we know Sarah did do, though, was translate her emotions
into architectural creativity. In 1886, Sarah had purchased
a two-story farmhouse on Los Gatos Road. Sarah Winchester loved the great late Victorian
fairs and exhibitions and so would buy beautiful
things from these fairs to decorate her home or recreate simple parts of
the fairs on her property so she could enjoy picnics and
teas there with her sisters. The internationally inspired
gardens of these fairs prompted Sarah to recreate
cultural gardens of her own. Citing architectural journals, scribbling plans and ideas, consulting with various builders, Sarah's extravagant design habits are reflective of a very wealthy woman during the infamously
ornamented gilded age who had nothing to lose and wanted nothing more
than to curate her own nest. This meant that she could
change her mind frequently. She often would have
things torn down or redone if she ended up not liking them, or start in a completely
different idea out of nowhere. She created her plans
in disjointed sections rather than a cohesive whole, which is why the Mystery House today is so confusing and labyrinthine. Not because she was trying
to confuse the ghosts but because she simply didn't care to plan as a bigger picture. Winchester herself went on to
describe her home as rambling. To be honest, though, if you've ever been inside an
untouched old Victorian home, you know that just in general homes in that era can just
be maze-like by nature and it's tough to get a grip on where you are in the floor plan. The homes were literally just made of a ton of squished
together connected rooms. Part of the reasoning for
this was not accidental. It was incredibly effective
for climate control. In a time before electric heating or AC, it was much easier to heat
or cool a smaller room than a huge swath of a house. In a small room in winter, it's easy to close a door
and run the fireplace and you're toasty in no time. In the summer, you can open a window and it takes much less time
for the small room to cool off. It just made sense for the time. But to modern sensibilities it comes off as cluttered and confusing. This commonality means that
it was incredibly common for people whose home was
their artistic pet project to create in the end a home that was completely
buck wild and bizarre. Sarah was not the exception,
she was one of many. Sarah Winchester used this
house as her creative outlet. It was like a massive thing that she could constantly
change or reconfigure, add on to or take something away. It was calming and entertaining for her and it was fun to tackle
all the new challenges that it brought, from perfecting the
plumbing to the heating to having electricity installed. She came up with ways that the house could
recycle and reuse water. Sarah wrote in a letter of how frustrating the process could be but still remaining dedicated, "I am constantly having to
make upheaval for some reason. "For instance, my upper hall "which leads to the sleeping apartment "was rendered so unexpectedly
dark by a little addition "that after a number of people "had missed their footing on the stairs "I decided that safety
demanded something to be done, "so, over a year ago, "I took out a wall and put in a skylight. "Then I became rather worn and tired out "and dismissed all the workmen "to take such rest as I
might through the winter. "This spring I recalled the carpenters, "hoping to get my hall finished up. "Rain revealed to my dismay
leaks in the new skylight. "And so it goes." Contrary to the belief
today that Winchester worked her contractors
constantly without end, she would routinely excuse
them for long periods of rest. And in fact she had no work
done on the house after 1906. Of course, the house began
attracting widespread attention as the years drew on and
construction continued. But after she refused to be hostess to two different US presidents upon their visits to the area, people started thinking she was odd, although the second
one was Teddy Roosevelt and frankly he didn't give a shit about staying there
either in the first place. All Sarah wanted was some damn privacy, but unfortunately when
you're a widowed woman building a huge house at
the turn of the century, you're bound to attract
unwanted attention. As Mary Jo Ignoffo writes in
"Captive of the Labyrinth," "Neighbors who wished to know her "or have access to her were rebuffed. "To the local people, she was an enigma. "They did not know what to make of her. "Eventually, they just made fun." If there's one thing we
can say about journalism in the late Victorian
era and the early 1900s is that oftentimes journalists
cared about entertainment above all else. If you go look at Victorian newspapers, you can see that many of the
stories are purely gossip or unconfirmed rumors or
straight up tall tales. It's no wonder that the press
latched on to Sarah Winchester as a new target in 1895 and never let go. Because she was so private, it was easy for people to assign random juicy motivations to
her and her ever-growing home. First they said she was
highly superstitious, then that she snobbish, then that she feared death, and then that she was consumed with guilt over the deaths at the
hands, or rather bullets, of Winchester rifles. After the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, a pivotal moment in this story, people took the leap to calling her crazy and saying that she was
genuinely haunted by ghosts and was obsessed with occult practices. One early article wrote, "The belief exists when
work of construction ends "disaster will result, "and it is rumored among the neighbors "that this superstition has resulted "in the construction of domes, "turrets, cupolas, and towers "covering the territory
enough for a castle." Sarah wasn't without
her defenders, though. One local told the press, "If people come here with fortunes "and are inclined to spend it, "I do not think it is
wise to circulate reports "that they are cranks "merely because they do not
get thick with the neighbors." It didn't take long for people to begin using Sarah Winchester as an outlet for their distaste
for the Winchester rifles. Now it's not my place to say whether or not Sarah Winchester
should have felt guilty for profiting off of the company. Truthfully, she didn't
have any say in the matter and she's not the one
who invented nor sold it, nor did she ever cared about the company, although it is undeniable that the repeaters were a
keystone of damage and death in the conquest of the American West and still she profited heavily. It's a wholly complicated situation that I don't think has a clear answer. Regardless, what can be said for certain is that righteously or not Sarah Winchester was not haunted by guilt over the deaths caused
by Winchester rifles, nor was she haunted by their ghosts. But it didn't help that
she adamantly refused to make public statements and never tried to defend
herself against any rumors. So, as time drew on, it seemed that Sarah was allowing herself to become the target for
other people's gun guilt. On April 18th, 1906, around 5:00 a.m., a 7.8 magnitude earthquake
befell San Francisco. It was utterly cataclysmic. Over 3,000 people were killed and the property damage was already bad, and then the quake started massive fires that tore through the region and it got even worse. Conversely, in Campbell
horrible flooding was caused when two 60,000-gallon
water tanks collapsed. The Winchester mansion
didn't escape unscathed. Many parts of the house
were completely destroyed, the rest of it brutally damaged. After two decades of careful and loving planning and construction, it must have been devastating for Sarah to look at her house in shambles and imagine having to start over. She thought about raising the whole thing, but in the end decided against it. Rather than rebuilding the thing, she opted to clear the ruins and rubble, mostly repair what was left, and ignore the rest. This is the reason why the
house today is so strange. Stairways that lead to ceilings
and doors that lead nowhere, hallways that don't make any sense. It all goes back to the quake of 1906 and Sarah's decision to leave
her house mostly unfixed. Those doors that lead to nowhere once led to balconies or
other wings of the house. The stairs once had somewhere to go. Some chimneys were
sealed into the ceilings, rendering them unusable. Sarah herself said of her
house in the quake's aftermath, "It looks as though it had
been built by a crazy person." What become lost to time is that the house in
fact isn't a testament to a paranoid superstitious woman, it's a testament to a natural disaster. If anything, it was the quake and the press and locals' treatment of her that truly disheartened Sarah Winchester. Stories began popping up more and more detailing how her house is haunted by hundreds of angry spirits but she fears and yet defies them in every decision she makes. In response, Sarah put up large
hedges around the property to block people's view. It must be said that the people who never once believed Sarah to be mad or superstitious or strange were all the people who
knew her personally. Her family and her friends, the contractors building
the house, her attorneys, the people who lived and
worked on the property. Winchester hired a
large number of Japanese and some Chinese workers to live and work on the
property with their families as gardeners and landscapers as well as dressers and maids to assist her in her old age
as her health began to fail. Many of these families
lived much of their lives in the Winchester properties having children there. In 1913, the gardener Tommie
Nishihara's granddaughter was born there and she was named Ido
Winchester Nishihara. In this era, Winchester hiring non-white gardeners and dressers and paying them twice as much as they would have been paid elsewhere earned her a lot of suspicion and scorn from other white upper class families. Rumors spread that she was performing strange rituals with her workers. Honestly, with her health as
bad as it was by this point, I don't think she was up
for rituals of any kind. In 1922, her body destroyed by years of rheumatoid arthritis, Sarah Winchester began making arrangements to prepare for her imminent death. She tied up her finances,
paid her workers, said her goodbyes. On September 5th, Sarah
Winchester passed away in bed. In the end, much of her
fortune ended up going to the William Wirt Winchester Hospital that she had established in New Haven to honor her late husband. By the next year, the Winchester house had been
leased by John and Mayme Brown who saw a great business opportunity in marketing the mansion
as, well, the Mystery House. They started inviting
in journalists for tours and things avalanched from there. They claimed that Sarah's
favorite number was 13, but the things pointed out
in the house to prove this were all added or amended to make it so after Winchester's death. In fact, a lot of the
strangest parts of the house were added after her death, much to the fury of the
still-surviving people who knew her. Despite their best efforts, they were never able to
stop the runaway train that was the myth of crazy
old Sarah Winchester. (gentle music) I really hope that you
don't take this video as me trying to destroy the magic of the Winchester Mystery House. The thing is I care deeply
about historical misinformation and the ways that it
affects the true legacies of real people. Sarah Winchester, after all, wasn't a character in a horror dime novel, she was a real woman who lived
a really fascinating life and left us with an incredible house that is truly a testament
to the eccentricities and beauty of Victorian architecture. When I visited the Winchester
Mystery House as a kid, I didn't see any ghosts, but what I did see was an
immensely breath-taking house. That visit was the beginning
of my own personal infatuation with Victorian architecture. I can only dream of
some day owning a house with a fraction of its beauty and nothing close to its size. Sarah Winchester herself was
a truly interesting person, even without the tall tales
about her supposed guilt and haunting and despair. She was someone who asked
for nothing but privacy but wasn't given that because
in budding California society privacy is too much for an
eccentric woman to ask for. I understand why the
Mystery House leaned so hard into the Winchester spooky legend. It's what brings in tourists and cash and that's what allows them to
make the money that they need to upkeep the house. And trust me, it is not cheap
to upkeep old Victorian homes, even the really fancy
well-constructed ones. You'll notice if you take a tour there, and I highly recommend that you do, they don't state parts of the
spooky ookie story as fact. Christie, tinydooms on Tiktok, used to work at the Winchester
Mystery House as a tour guide and had some really interesting insight into how the house uses the legend. - Anyone who comes to the Winchester house is told what the legend is. Depending on who they speak to, they also get the actual history. Many guides will focus on the history, the architecture of the house, and Mrs. Winchester's life
as we have record of it, and others will focus solely
on the story, the legend. In the case of "Ghost
Adventurers" and "Ghost Hunters" and "Buzzfeed Unsolved" and all of these ghost
hunting paranormal shows, they get the official historian and she is obligated to
give the legend only. So you'll notice if she's
talking to the camera she'll say, "Well, the legend has it," and, "The story goes," and, "That's what they say." And it's quite killing her that she can't tell them the truth. - At this point, the myth
of ghosts and seances is inextricably linked to
Sarah Winchester's story. It needs to be included. I just wished that the truth of her life weren't so frequently
excluded at the same time. I like to shut out a
specific source that I use when it gets referenced extensively, so for this video the most
valuable source that I had was Mary Jo Ignoffo's
"Captive of the Labyrinth." This book is full of amazing
info on the Winchesters as well as California history, so definitely give it
a read to learn more. Anyway, thank you so much for watching. I'll see you at the end of next month. Sorry my video schedule is halved, I'm in the trenches right now working on my graphic novel, so. I expect things to get back to normal in a couple months or so. Click the link in the description
or pinned comment below to get a three-year
subscription to Atlas VPN for just $1.99 a month. Hop on that soon because
this deal won't last forever. Until next time, wash
thy hands, wear thy mask, and watch out for those
doorways to nowhere. (bright music)
