The Romanovs. The History of the Russian Dynasty - Episode 7. Documentary Film. Star Media

December 14th 1825 the revolt was over but the Emperor's eldest son Grand Duke Alexander was still trembling with fear the boy knew his father had gone out to do his duty and might have been killed for it then he heard his father's voice calling him to come outside loyal troops were formed up in the courtyard just an hour earlier they had refused the rebels entry to the palace the Emperor took his son in his arms and addressed the men I don't need protection but I entrust him to you and handed Alexander over to them the soldiers cheered with tears in their eyes the young prince was carried aloft in their arms nobody suspected that one day this future emperor would face far greater dangers of his own Nicholas was a huge baby the size of a three-month-old it was said his grandmother Catherine the Great wrote in admiration I've never seen such a cavalier if he continues to grow this Colossus will dwarf his brothers chapter one Nicholas the first Pavlovic when Nicholas was five his father the Emperor Paul was brutally murdered by conspirators the children remembered it well the youngest brother Michael was playing on his own he built a train of tiny carriages and used it to carry a toy soldier to a potted plant then buried him in the earth when asked what he was doing he answered and burying my father after Paul's death in 1801 his eldest son the 24 year old Alexander became Emperor the second brother Constantine became the new heir to the throne as the third brother Nicholas wasn't expected to inherit the throne he grew up under the strict care of his mother Maria the Dowager Empress at the age of 17 Nicholas and his younger brother Michael were allowed to travel abroad years later he recalled that's when we started to live stepping from childhood into the light of life it was in Berlin that I saw for the first time the girl I wanted to spend the rest of my life with the sixteen-year-old Princess Charlotte of Prussia daughter of the king was an ideal match for the Grand Duke they were married two years later and Charlotte took the Russian name Alexandra Feodorovna Grand Duke Nicholas was later appointed chief inspector of the Corps of Engineers and commander of the guards Engineer Battalion every day he rose early for prayer and morning exercise performing complex bayonet drill with a musket the rest of the day was spent writing orders and reports and carrying out inspections Nicholas is elder brother Emperor Alexander the first often hinted that he planned to leave the throne to Nikolas since their middle brother Constantine had no interest in becoming Emperor and so in 1823 Alexander signed a secret will making Nikolas his heir only four people knew of its existence Nikolas was not one of them on November 19th 1825 Alexander died suddenly in the southern city of Taganrog eight days later the news reached San Petersburg Nikolas swore allegiance to his older brother Constantine the presumed heir who was in Warsaw then Alexander's secret will was proclaimed and two weeks later Constantine's renunciation of the throne arrived from Poland it was a unique case in world history instead of quarreling for the throne two Romanov brothers were insisting it belonged to the other CAD langar are later paid them a subtle French compliment the Romanovs are so noble they do not ascend but descend to the throne but the resulting confusion was dangerous and encouraged a secret radical society the Decembrists to make their move the Decembrists were made up of liberal-minded guards officers and nobles who wish to reform the monarchy and free Russia serfs its members included many high-ranking aristocrats members of its northern society led by Nikita Mora VF favored a constitutional monarchy while members of the southern society under Pavel PESTEL wanted to abolish the monarch and redistribute the land they plan to carry out a military coup d'etat the more radical conspirators really F and pastel talked of killing the entire Romanov family including the princesses living abroad and their children so no one could ever lay claim to the Russian throne again the troops were due to swear their oaths of loyalty to the new emperor on December 14th the evening before Nikolas visited Mikhailovsky castle where his father had been murdered when he returned he asked his wife to die with honor if need be at 11:20 Nikolas was told the Moscow guards regiment had refused to swear the oath and had marched a Senate Square at 11:30 the Emperor went to the square with the loyal palace guards at 12:20 general Milla radevich tried to talk to the rebel troops but was shot dead by a decembrist at 1:00 p.m. nine hundred rebel guardsmen approached the Winter Palace 1:20 p.m. Nikolas sent a bishop to reason with the soldiers but nobody listened to him by 2:00 p.m. there were three thousand rebel troops in the square loyal troops were arriving all the time but Nikolas continued to delay at ten past four cannon opened fire on the rebels the young Empress Alexandra could see the Senate square filled with people at the sound of the first volley she wrote I fell to my knees in a small study and prayed like never before the strain of that day affected Alexandra for the rest of her life her health suffered already thin she lost more weight and became frequently ill the Emperor ordered the first blast of grapeshot to be fired over the heads of the rebel soldiers but the next volley was fired straight into the crowd when the smoke cleared the death toll stood at one general 18 officers 282 soldiers and 1170 civilians including 79 women and a hundred and fifty children a total of 1271 dead 679 people were investigated following the Decembrist revolt but most turned out to have no connection to the secret societies that had organized the coup of those finally put on trial a hundred and twelve lost their titles and all of their property rights 99 were exiled to Siberia 36 of those to labor camps nine officers were demoted to the ranks 36 were sentenced to death 31 by beheading and 5 by quartering Emperor Nicholas himself mitigated many of the sentences and in the end only five Decembrists were executed they included ring leaders such as pestle and the poetry LEF and a man who'd shot general mila radevich quartering was commuted to hanging the emperor himself paid an allowance to the widows of the executed men their families continued to receive payments from the office of the General Staff for 20 years while the children were put through school at public expense Nicholas ordered the Decembrist grievances to be looked at by a special committee he invited Kant Kiselyov a decembrist sympathizer and opponent of serfdom to look into its abolition while receiving a delegation of nobles from Smolensk the Emperor told them plainly I cannot understand how a person became a thing I cannot explain it other than through guile and deceit on one side and ignorance on the other during Nicholas's reign new restrictions were imposed on the owners of serfs landowners could no longer sentence serfs to hard labor or sell them off without land serfs were granted more freedom of movement and the right to conduct their own business the percentage of Russians living as privately owned serfs fell from 57% to 35% the number of schools for peasants rose from sixty to two thousand five hundred and fifty Nicholas was trained as an engineer and fascinated by new inventions in 1835 he was seduced by a project many thought was crazy at that time there were only three railroads in the world - in England and one in America Nicholas studied the schemes on offer carefully and authorized construction of an experimental railroad between San Petersburg and his palace at Saskia sello four years later ignoring the objections of ministers he ordered another line built connecting some Petersburg and Moscow at the time it was the longest railroad in the world at six hundred and forty nine point seven kilometers its construction costs 67 million rubles one third of the Empire's annual budget all 34 stations and both terminals were designed by one architect Konstantin Tong who was also responsible for the Grand Kremlin Palace the rails were one thousand five hundred and twenty four millimeters apart eighty nine millimeters wider than in Europe it was believed the Emperor insisted on this difference so an invading army couldn't use its own rolling stock on Russian Railways 100 years later during World War two those 89 millimeters would prove crucial in slowing down the advance and resupply of German troops during the battle for Moscow during Nicholas's reign 700 miles of rail track were laid across Russia it was not much but Russia's first railways did help to stimulate Russian industrial output which grew 30 fold in just three decades Russia's first hardened roads were built connecting Moscow and st. Petersburg Moscow and it cuts and Moscow and Warsaw these developments overseen by Russia's engineer Emperor began a much-needed modernization of the country's transport network the Emperor began his working day at 7 a.m. around 11:00 he take a walk along the palace embankment without guards greeting those he knew he then returned to work until around 8 p.m. when he would go out to the theatre or perhaps a ball he returned home at midnight and worked until 3 a.m. by today's standards his personal security was non-existent no one saw the need the Emperor didn't eat much and when he did preferred simple food he loved veal cutlets with mashed potato but often had just a slice of black bread or a salted cucumber for dinner on the road his meals were even simpler porridge and some cabbage soup which he'd eat from the same Bowl he drank mineral water from Salzburg and very rarely wines from Bordeaux he never smoked they said that those of a nervous disposition found it difficult to meet the Emperor's gaze while ladies were known to faint in his presence not from fear but from adoration Nicolas six-foot-two broad shouldered and well-built was considered one of the most handsome men in Europe it was rumoured had caused that Nicolas wore padding underneath his uniform to look more imposing but his private doctor said this was not true the emperor simply had a very broad chest in public he did not relax for an instant his appearance was immaculate at all times it's no surprise that Nicolas the first became the role model for all future Romanoff's the Emperor brought a sense of calm and stability to Russia in an uncertain age contemporary newspapers depicted France as an exploding bottle of champagne while Russia was a bottle of vodka without a bubble in sight it was a reference to the explosive revolutions sweeping across Europe in the 1840s only Britain the Netherlands and Russia escaped unrest Nicholas's 30 year reign was the most stable period in the history of Czarist Russia Nikolas devoted himself to matters of state no important document crossed his desk without some comment from him his own office the imperial Chancellery became the hub of government the first section of the Chancellery was responsible for preparing Imperial decrees and monitoring their implementation the second section worked on the codification of Russia's laws into a single text the third section was in charge of police surveillance censorship tracing counterfeiters and investigating serf complaints against landowners the fourth section or the office of the Empress Maria worked on charitable projects including shelters hospitals and women's education the fifth section worked on reforms of the serf system the notorious third section of the Imperial Chancellery effectively served as the Tsar's secret police its mission was to gauge the political mood for him and to expose any conspiracies against the regime it had a permanent staff however of just 36 it was led by a hero of the Napoleonic Wars and close friend of the Emperor Kant Alexander Fon Ben condo he also headed the special Corps of Jean Dom who served as a uniformed security police with a strength of 4,000 the prestige and authority of the Corps was very high it's no coincidence that a gendarme appears in the famous final scene of Gogol's play the government inspector Gogol's satire only avoided being banned thanks to the Emperor's personal intervention though remembered as a great reactionary Nikolas saw no harm in such an amusing play one of Nicholas's first acts after his coronation was to end the exile of the great russian poet Alexander Pushkin the Emperor even exempted Pushkin from the normal channels of censorship promising to vet his works personally Pushkin dedicated nine poems to Nikolas while the Emperor intervened on a number of occasions to get Pushkin out of trouble even paying off his debts worth the equivalent of several million dollars in 1837 another great Russian poet mikhail lermontov was transferred from his guard who Tsar's regiment to a unit fighting in the far south in Russia's endless Caucasian war the conflict had begun 20 years earlier in 1817 when the Russian army invaded the north and Caucasus during the reign of Alexander the first the war effort and flowed until reaching a new crescendo in the 1830s when Imam shamil led Chechen and daghestani warriors in a jihad against the Russian invader the fighting dragged on for another thirty years until Russia was finally able to impose its rule on the Northern Caucasus by the 1850s a European coalition was forming against Russia alarmed by the expansionist foreign policy of the Russian Empire under Nikolas Russia had won wars against both the Persian and Ottoman empires and its growing influence in the eastern Mediterranean and Central Asia was seen as a threat to British and French imperial interests in 1853 fighting broke out around the Black Sea leading to what became known as the Crimean War Russian troops clashed with Turkish troops in the Balkans and Caucasus while the Black Sea Fleet annihilated a Turkish squadron at the Battle of Sinop days later British and French warships appeared in the Black Sea by 1854 Russia was at war with Britain France Turkey and Sardinia Austria and Prussia remained neutral Nikolas was profoundly depressed that Russia was not only isolated but at war with its former allies the fighting raged on many France from Crimea and the Caucasus in the south to the white sea in the north here a British naval expedition was repulsed but in the Baltic the British naval blockade crippled Russian trade in the Caucasus Russian troops were victorious but in Crimea the main theatres of war a disaster unfolded Russian forces besieged at Sevastopol faced a powerful enemy steam driven warships made up 30% of the Russian fleet but 70% of the Allied fleet Admiral Nakhimov was forced to sink his own ships in the entrance to Sevastopol Harbor it was the only way to keep out the more powerful British and French warships more than a hundred and twenty seven thousand Russians were killed in the siege of Sevastopol the total death toll of the Russian army was about a hundred and forty three thousand the Crimean War was a catastrophe for Russia Russian soldiers and sailors fought with incredible bravery but in the end the industrialized might of France and Britain proved too strong in September 1855 Sevastopol fell and the Black Sea Fleet was no more Nicholas was crushed he couldn't sleep and wore himself out with work doctors told him he needed rest but he didn't listen in a private conversation the Emperor said if it was up to me I would never have chosen this position for myself but it's my watch I have my orders and must fulfill them as best I can at the end of January the Emperor caught a chill his doctor forbade him from going out in the cold but Nicholas insisted on attending a parade for troops leaving for the front he told his doctor you've done your duty now let me do mine it was soon evident the Emperor had contracted pneumonia on February 17th his lungs began to give up the Emperor was fully conscious and knew he had hours to live he said his prayers and then bid farewell to his family when told a courier had arrived from Crimea with urgent news he pointed to his son and said this is not for me this is for him then he said to Prince Alexander I hand over command though I do not leave things in the state I would have wished On February 18th 1855 a banner of mourning rose above the Winter Palace Nicholas the first was dead his successor was his 37 year old son Alexander a man destined to achieve what his great-grandmother Catherine the Great his uncle Alexander the first and his father Nicholas could not alexander ii would go down in history as the liberator chapter 2 alexander ii Nikolayevich his father used to say I want to bring my son up as a man first and then an emperor the princes tutors such as the Romantic poet Vasily zukovsky were all men with liberal views when Alexander was 13 his father interrupted a lesson to speak to him about the Decembrist revolt what would you do if you were me the Emperor asked I'd forgive them Alexander said after finishing his studies the Prince traveled across Russia covering 30,000 kilometers and visiting 30 provinces he was the first Romanov to cross the border of Europe and Asia and a visit Siberia in Tobolsk the Prince met the exiled Decembrists and did what he could to make their life easier in viata he met another exile Alexander Hetson the two young men became friends and Alexander helped hasten the young writers eventual return to Moscow Hetson later praised the reforming emperor alexander ii did many things a great many things his name stands above that of all his predecessors he fought for the rights of man neither the russian people nor history will forget that in 1852 Hetson moved to london from where he agitated for sweeping social change in his homeland first and foremost he demanded the abolition of serfdom when he was still a young Prince Alexander's father had often accused him of listening more to his heart than to his mind he certainly had many unrealities he was carefree gentle and sensitive once more the gallant handsome young prince heir to the Russian throne was constantly falling in love with palace chamber maids in 1838 the 20 year old Alexander was sent to Europe by his parents to find an eligible young princess to marry in Darmstadt he became devoted to a shy and pretty fourteen-year-old Princess maximilliana villain Mina Maria of HESA later in London Alexander was presented to the newly crowned Queen Victoria ruler of the British Empire they met at Windsor Castle on her 20th birthday in her diary Victoria described Alexander as a dear delightful man with a sweet smile and a manly figure they danced together until the small hours of the morning he is so very strong she wrote that in running around you must follow quickly and after that you are whisked around which is very pleasant I have never enjoyed myself more Alexander was infatuated and prepared to renounce the Russian throne to become the British Prince Consort his courtiers were forced to intervene talking sense into the young prince and reminding him of his duty to Russia not to mention the young princess of HESA that union was approved by all so the couple were married in Saint Petersburg in 1841 his new wife took the Russian name Maria Alexandrovna for the first few years Alexander was wildly in love with his young wife and spoiled her continuously he even had an apple tree brought into the dining room so maria could pick its fruit herself as she liked but it did not last long they spent less and less time together and when they met they discussed only their health their children and the weather they appeared together in public for official functions and visits then went to separate bedrooms in the evening the Empress's health suffered from some Petersburg's cold wet climate as well as from frequent childbirth by 36 she'd had six children and was a shadow of her former self the emperor had many short-lived affairs with ladies-in-waiting chambermaids even older students from the nearby small knee institute of noble maidens but Alexander was forgiving everything because everyone loved him the country was alive with expectation he was Russia's great hope when Alexander became Emperor he already had many years experience of the workings of state and got to work immediately his first success was to end the Crimean War signing a peace treaty in Paris which kept Russian losses to a minimum then he turned his attention to what was for Russia the great issue of the age the serfs in one of his first addresses to the Russian nobility the Emperor announced the existing system of owning Souls cannot remain unchanged it is better to abolish serfdom from above than to wait for it to abolish itself from below until now Russia's rulers hadn't dared to interfere with serfdom for fear of a revolt by the nobles but for Alexander there was no longer any alternative the case for reform moral economic and political was irresistible after seven years of negotiation on February 19th 1861 the Emperor issued a manifesto freeing Russia's serfs the act of emancipation freed all serfs in private ownership and gave them the right to buy the land they worked on from the landowner the state helped peasants pay for the land with subsidies and long-term loans peasants would have paid 20% of its value and the state 80% however in some cases only 30 percent of the land they previously worked was eligible for purchase and it was sold at inflated prices state loans also trapped many peasants in debt for decades following the emancipation of the serfs the 100 million peasants in Russia who made up 71 percent of the population owned half as much land as the 1.7 million nobles who made up just 1.5 percent of the population a wave of liberal reforms followed in 1864 each district and province was granted its own elected assembly known as Zients feh with authority over local education roads medical services and social welfare education reform increased the number of state secondary schools and universities with more schools for the poor the first general education courses for women and the granting of special status and greater autonomy for universities reform of the courts introduced greater equality for all classes before the law as well as public trials counsel for defense and prosecution and juries in the army Universal conscription replaced the old quota system and modern weapons such as rifles were introduced they were the most progressive and liberal reforms in Russia's history when an old courtier warned that now the serfs were free the people would demand a constitution Alexander replied well if Russia clearly desires it and is ready for it I too am ready Alexander sets strict deadlines for his ministers and advisers which he kept to himself despite the huge piles of documents that arrived on his desk every day his goal was to finish all the work begun by his father which meant turning next to the war in the Caucasus the long Caucasian war finally came to an end in 1864 following the Russian conquest of Chechnya Dagestan shaquiesha and Abkhazia in the next decade Russia also took control of the emirate of bukhara and carnate of khiva pushing south as far as the town of coschka which remained the Empire's most southerly point until the collapse of the Soviet Union the only territory lost in this period was Alaska 1.5 million square kilometers of barren almost uninhabited land which in 1867 was sold to the United States for 7.2 million dollars worth around a hundred and eight million dollars today at the time the deal was considered very profitable typically Alexander worked with short breaks from 9:00 a.m. until 6:00 in the evening when he had dinner he spent his evenings with his family or at official functions his favorite sport was hunting he loved long hunting expeditions for bear elk and bison but soon it was Alexander who was being hunted through the very streets of the Russian capital Alexander was the last ruler in Russian history who would be allowed to simply walk the city streets without guards almost every day in st. Petersburg summer garden the regulars pretended not to recognize the tall gentleman in military uniform whose portrait hung in every government office in the empire Alexander was now 48 and at lost count of the number of affairs he'd had at first his relationship with 19 year old Catherine doll guru cover a student from the Smolny Institute for young maidens seemed like many of the others but after just a few meetings the Emperor was in love many years later Catherine remembered how Alexander always behaved so tenderly towards her treating her rizzo she were a sacred object we saw each other every day she wrote crazy with the joy of loving and understanding each other so completely he swore to me that he would always be faithful to me and that his only dream was to marry me if he ever became free on April 4th 1866 after meeting with Catherine Alexander was leaving the summer garden when an assassin stepped out the emperor of course knew his enemies might try to overthrow or even murder him an old fortune teller had once told him that there would be seven attempts on his life Alexander always remembered it the first attempt was made by a 26 year old lone assassin named Dmitri karakov an impoverished nobleman and former student he believed the Emperor's death would inspire the people to rise up in revolution he was thwarted by a farmer standing next to him named komissarov who grabbed his hand at the last moment and forced him to fire hi Carrick Asif was arrested he said he tried to kill the Czar because his reforms had cheated the people by giving them too little land the entire country was shocked in 1863 the great historian Sergei Aliyev described the situation Russia faced extremes are easy it was easy to tighten the screws in Nicholas his time it was easy to unscrew them in Alexander's time but it's exceptionally difficult to slow down the carriage on a steep hill a reformer like Peter the Great held the reins in an iron grip and the carriage was safe a reformer like Alexander the second lets the horses run full speed down the hill without the strength to restrain them so the whole carriage is threatened with destruction alexander's private life meanwhile was a growing distraction his affair with Catherine nearly 30 years his junior was alienating close friends and family catherine was forced to go abroad for a while but Alexander soon traveled to France under the pretext of visiting the world fair to be with her they walked the grown bull of odds of Paris hand in hand Alexander wrote to Catherine I am madly in love with you these wonderful days we spend together make me infinitely happy the lovers did not know they were being constantly watched by agents of the French secret police but they couldn't keep him safe a Polish nationalists Anton Berezovsky made the second attempt on Alexander's life he shot at Alexander as he was riding in an open carriage with the French Emperor Napoleon the third but the bullet hit the horse Alexander became accustomed to constant danger when Russia went to war once more with Turkey he went to visit troops at the front and came under fire several times the war was triggered by the Muslim Turks brutal treatment of Orthodox Bulgarians Russia now intended to liberate Bulgaria from the Turkish yoke the war ended in complete victory for Russia Bulgaria became an independent state and the name alexander ii tsar Liberator is still commemorated during each service in every bulgarian church on April 2nd 1879 as the Emperor was returning from his morning walk he was greeted by a passerby Alexander replied absent mindedly then noticed the passerby was holding a gun 60 year old alexander emperor of russia king of poland grand duke of finland made a zigzag run for his life this third attempt was made by a 33 year old ex student alexander solovyov a member of the secret revolutionary society land and freedom he was also working alone after giving chase to the Emperor he fired several times from a range of 10 yards and missed a new left-wing terrorist group the people's will soon emerged its leaders sofia parofsky and Andrews le bouff began planning a less amateurish attempt on the czars life the fourth attempt was made in November 1879 jellia Buffs group planted a mine with an electric detonator under the railway track as the Emperor traveled to the town of Alexandra but the mine failed to explode the fifth attempt was made by parofsky --iz group they planted another mine under the railway tracks outside Moscow but the Czar's train left early and the terrorists blew up the wrong train on May 22nd 1880 Empress Maria died after just 40 days mourning Alexander married Catherine doll guru cava who took the title princess UDF skia the wedding took place in secret in a small room at the Palace of Saskia sello because both the Czar's family and public opinion opposed the marriage the emperor was now guarded more closely than ever but still was not safe the sixth attempt was made by Stefan Katherine a member of the people's will who'd been hired as a carpenter at the Winter Palace over six months he smuggled thirty kilos of dynamite into a cellar under the Tsar's dining room the resulting explosion killed 11 people and wounded 56 all of them staff the Emperor had left the dining room to meet a late guest the Emperor wrote to his son asking that if the worst should happen he must care for his wife and young children on his windowsill Alexander began to find dead pigeons torn to shreds it turned out a kite had made its home on the palace roof it was caught the bird was so incredibly large it was sent to the cabinet of curiosities the hunted Emperor exhausted and sick dreamt of only one thing to abdicate in favor of his eldest son and leave for niece with his wife and children but one important task remained he had ordered work to begin on the introduction of an elected assembly it was to be Russia's first step towards a parliament and Constitution Alexander had already approved it on March 4 1881 it was to be put before the ministerial cabinet and then announced to the public on March 1st the Emperor traveled to the Mikhailovsky Minesh to see the trooping of the color on his way back he visited his sister Grand Duchess Catherine at Mikhailovsky castle they drank tea and talked about his plans to leave for niece at 2:10 p.m. the Emperor left in his carriage he had to be at the Winter Palace by three o'clock as he promised to take a walk with his wife the Emperor's carriage turned onto the embankment along the Catherine canal six Cossacks accompanied the carriage three on either side officers of the guard including the chief of police followed in two sledges a boy carrying a bread basket was running along the pavement Alexander saw a woman make a signal with a white handkerchief when a man with a packet in his hands appeared before the carriage he realized there would be an explosion the seventh attempt on Alexander's life was made by Nicholas rusik off a twenty year old student and member of the people's will it was severe parofsky who had given the signal rusik off through a handmade bomb at the carriage the blast killed two Cossacks and a passing boy injured three horses and shattered the Emperor's bulletproof coach but the Emperor was unharmed rusik off was quickly apprehended the chief of police rushed up to Alexander the Emperor remained calm I offered him my sledge to go back to the palace all right he said but show me the criminal first everyone begged the Emperor to leave but he insisted on seeing Rousseau cough Alexander looked his would-be assassin in the eyes he had survived the seventh attempt everything was behind him now but innocent people had been hurt because of him Alexander wanted to see the wounded the Chief of Police followed after we taken no more than three steps I was deaf and buy a second explosion amid the smoke and fog I heard his Highnesses weak voice cry help I tried to lift him but saw that his Highnesses legs were completely shattered the second bomber was twenty five year old egg not eager Nowitzki who blew himself up along with the Emperor Alexander's last words were hurry home I want to die in the palace Alexander died an hour later in his study at the Winter Palace Grand Duke Alexander the Emperor's nephew wrote a huge crowd gathered outside the Winter Palace nobody spoke wide dark bloodstains left a trail up the marble steps and along the corridor to the Emperor's study we realized our idealized vision of Russia with its Tsar father and loyal people no longer existed the future of not only the Russian Empire but the entire world now depended on the outcome of the imminent battle between the new Russian Tsar and the elements of negation and destruction alexander ii had given his country freedoms it had been demanding for centuries but it turned out he had also unleashed a dangerous new force revolution

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Id: tIpW0hldXMQ

Length: 51min 29sec (3089 seconds)

Published: Thu Dec 10 2015