If you haven't noticed lately, we're living in the future. Technology that was only imaginable in science fiction is now so mundane that we practically take it for granted. But there's still one thing that's conspicuously absent
from our futuristic present. Where are the flying cars? I was promised flying cars. I don't see any flying cars. Why, why, why? The one thing that both utopian and dystopian visions of our future have seemed to agree on is that by now we'd be flying around our cities. But for the vast majority of us who don't happen to own
private helicopters, we still mostly move around
at or below ground level, often stuck in congestion. But over the last decade, a growing cadre of bootstrapping startups and industry stalwarts have been raising and
spending oodles of money on a new mode of transportation
known as urban air mobility. Could these autonomous,
human-ferrying super drones finally be the flying cars
that we've been waiting for? I think there are two things that are driving the investment and the attention to the sector. The fact that people are moving to cities, and cities are getting more congested, and urban dwellers do
not want to own cars. So anything that can move an urban dweller from A to B is interesting to investors. We saw it with micro mobility solutions. We saw it with shared mobility solutions. The next natural step is
shared aviation solutions. The concept of urban air mobility isn't totally new. For decades, helicopters have been a means for those with means to
hover and glide over traffic in major urban centers like
New York, San Francisco, and Sao Paolo. Past attempts at turning helicopters into a form of mass transit, however, have been grounded, mostly
by the inevitable problems of helicopter technology, noise, inefficiency, and danger. Thanks to these issues, many cities have either limited or banned helicopter transit outright, except for limited use,
such as in emergencies. But imagine a future which
instead of driving your own car or hopping on a city
bus or subway or taxi, you could cut your
transit time significantly by booking a flight on a sleek, safe, and relatively quiet electric
powered drone, or EVTOL, short for Electric Vertical
Takeoff and Landing. If we look at just 0.1% of the Americans that are driving in their
cars from work to home, and we assume that's going
to be our addressable market, we're talking about a
100,000 passengers a year, more or less, that need to be moved. If we assume that these aircraft can carry about four to five people, and they're doing four
to five trips a day, we would need roughly
5,000 of these aircraft. So that gives you a sense of the massive opportunity we have here. Given this potential market, the field is unsurprisingly very crowded. There are over 180 companies developing some type of EVTOL. A lot of them are drone developers. So it's all about scale. If I can build a small version, I should be able to scale
it to a larger version. One of these drone turned megacompanies is EHang, a Chinese firm founded in 2014 that has already earned a spot on NASDAQ. From the very beginning, we designed big drones to
carry passengers, right? And second, you can see
that for normal drones, the technology is one-on-one. That means we need one
person to control each drone, but for us, we designed the system to control many, multiple
AAVs simultaneously by using one single platform. EHang recently secured approval from the Korean government
to perform test flights over Seoul, showing off
the company's prototype during a recent three-hour tour. Although EHang is designing
its remote controlled prototype to fit applications ranging
from medical evacuations to sightseeing, it's the
so-called last 10 mile problem that seems to be the
most ripe for disruption. For example, if you take a
train to arrive in Beijing, the train takes about
one or two hours, right? And after the train, if you take a taxi, it takes another one
hour or even two hours to go to the destination,
which doesn't make any sense. But if you can transfer our AAV, it takes maybe 15 minutes to
arrive at at your destination. That's very cool. Meanwhile, on the other side of the globe, a German company called Volocopter has spent the last decade
or so designing a fleet of prototypes that have
recently been flying in demonstrations over cities
both at home and abroad. We are extremely pragmatic. We set out to build a
vehicle that can meet the high safety standards, that can be certified, based on existing technologies
that are available today. What came out is the Volocopter. We explicitly designed it
as a multicopter concept, so we have 18 independent rotors that give us a very high
degree of redundancy. So any two, any three rotors can fail and we can still safely
compete our mission, which gives us huge safety
advantage over any other concept. And particularly on the urban mission, where it's about safely
transporting people from A to B in an urban
context, as quiet as possible, we believe the multicopter
concept is the winning design for that particular mission. There may be other missions that require different design concepts. Volocopter's ambitious plans have attracted interest from
a number of large companies hailing from other sectors
of the transportation world, such as Chinese auto giant
Geely, Germany's Daimler, and most recently Japan Airlines, all of whom have participated
in funding rounds for Volocopter that have raised well over a hundred million euros so far. Of all the companies
currently working on EVTOLs, Volocopter seems to be the furthest along in committing to a launch date, already taking reservations for flights beginning as soon as 2023 at an introductory price
of around 300 euros. But the main hurdle that
could disrupt that timeline isn't merely a technical one. This is a very safety
critical transportation mode, and you need to make sure that you have all relevant
stakeholders involved. So we are really relying on the buy-in of the regulators and gaining their trust. So we always talk to them and be like, okay, do we have an alignment of vision? Do we have the civil
aviation authority on board? Do we have the airspace manager on board? You need to make sure
that you have alignment, because any one of those
stakeholders can block you from ultimately achieving your goal. Part of the added challenge in gaining regulatory approval for civilian carrying EVTOLs
is that the standards issued by regulatory agencies are evolving in tandem with the technology itself. They have to be airworthy, these aircraft. They're gonna be running on batteries, and batteries need to be also approved as safe enough to be in an aircraft for this particular application. Volocopter, EHang, and other well-heeled EVTOLers, such as Lilium and Joby, are each taking a slightly
different approach to engineering an
all-electric passenger drone. Some of the designs are more of a hybrid between an EVTOL and a small plane, capable of both navigating
a dense urban environment and flying long distances at up to almost 200 miles per hour. And while some of the
engineering solutions for challenges like battery
capacity are pretty innovative, such as Volocopter's hot
swapping charging stations, any EVTOL's viability ultimately comes down
to proving its safety in a variety of conditions and scenarios. So assuming that EVTOL technology eventually passes those
regulatory hurdles, that still leaves a
very important question about this untested market. Who exactly are these for? If we look at Elon Musk's master plan, the first iteration in
2006, he was very clear. He said he was going to
build an expensive car to help pay for a less expensive car to help pay for a mass market car. So I think we're gonna see
something quite similar in this specific segment, where companies will
be offering the service to high-end consumers, but in the end that will subsidize the technology so that everybody can
access it in the long term. Mass adoption of urban
air mobility, though, might pose its own potential issues. Once the product trickles down and more people start using it, we fear it might actually
cannibalize users from public transit in cities, which will have negative
consequences in our view, mainly because it will
just shift congestion from the road up into the sky. Before we get to that point, though, these companies face yet
another technical challenge, integrating urban air mobility into the existing
transportation landscape. On this front, Uber is taking advantage of their own learned experience building a revolutionary
ride sharing platform to bring their technology
into a third dimension, and they're not even waiting
for EVTOLs to get started. Back in the quaint
pre-pandemic days of late 2019, I gave their Uber Copter service a whirl. There is no smoking allowed. All right, we're en route to JFK. I can take this to work every day. We're really thinking of
this as kind of a version 0.1 of our vision of this
future Uber air product. The key thing what we think is the important learning that
we are developing right now is this foundational feature, kind of this core
experience of multimodality. So true multimodality. So with a single button
press for the product, we dispatch the first
mile car, the helicopter, and the last mile car bi-directionally from downtown to to JFK, and
we're using our technology to do that all behind the scenes. Admittedly, it's extremely satisfying to fly above New York City's
snarling rush hour traffic and plop down on the
landing pad at JFK Airport within 10 minutes, where a car is waiting to shuttle you directly to your terminal. But even Uber understands that
once the novelty wears off, it needs to make economic sense in order for customers to adopt it. The economics of these
vehicles will allow us to push and bring it to be a
much more accessible product that a broad base of users
can use on a daily basis. We actually think the long-term vision, we can actually get to
the point where flying in these types of aerial
networks can be competitive with driving your car, with owning a car, in terms of like the
marginal cost of ownership. It's not gonna happen right away. It's not gonna happen in the medium-term, but we think in the long run that we can actually make
flying in this type of a fashion kind of a economically rational thing for most people to do everyday. Despite the sleek renderings of swanky rooftop
heliports and city skylines buzzing with EVTOLs, the commercial case for urban air mobility
is still up in the air, putting pressure on the
companies vying for viability. Given the complexities of the solution, the complexities of the regulation, we do not expect to see
a very diverse ecosystem in the long term. We rather expect to see a
few, a handful of developers, of manufacturers, working with a handful of service providers. And that consolidation seems to already be underway. In late 2020, Uber handed off
its ambitious Elevate project to Joby, the current EVTOL valuation king, with nearly $1 billion to its name so far. Boeing and Airbus seem to be stepping back from their experiments as well. Some of the smaller startups
have vanished entirely, leaving behind expired domain names and silent Crunchbase profiles. So as the field narrows, the technology matures, and the regulations are ironed out, you may someday find that
this perennial sci-fi fantasy could become another mundane
option for getting around. The way that we envision this to play out is ultimately the customer,
whether it's a citizen in the city or a visitor to the city, has their mobile phone,
has a mobility need, and he just gets a choice of
different transportation modes. Each comes with a price point,
with a comfort point to it and a predictability point to it, and then he chooses whatever
is the best format for him. And obviously, we're working very hard to make your choice as often as possible.
Helicopters have existed since 1939. They're seldom used because they're noisy, inefficient, and maintenance hogs.