THE MOST HORRIFYING PLACES IN THE OCEAN 11,034 m BELOW SEA LEVEL

the world's oceans are so underexplored that if you dive deeper than 3 500 meters there's a good chance to discover a new species unknown to science there's also a good chance you'll find debris and garbage oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth's surface the average depth of the oceans is about 3.7 kilometers and since light can only penetrate to a depth of 100 meters darkness rains deep underwater let's push this statement one step further and conclude that since most of the planet is covered by water it means that most of the earth exists in total darkness water in the oceans account for almost 96 percent of the earth's water the portion of fresh water compared to sea water is so small that if the fresh water that flows into the ocean is spread over the surface of the ocean it would have been about 1.25 meters thick 94 of all life on earth lives in water it means that all of us who live on land belong to a very very small minority so what mysteries lurk in the depths of the oceans the deeper we go the more curious it gets it seems that we know more about the surface of mars than about the ocean floor of our planet what's going on in the deepest places we didn't know it all at least until recently lack of light and extreme pressure makes this part of the ocean difficult to explore today we're going on a journey into the very depths we're going to find out what the bottom of the ocean looks like what it consists of and what happens there who knows what we will find there we are going to dive deep to the places with most alien conditions what was found in the deepest places of the ocean so our imaginable submersible sets off we will make short stops at important marks until we get to the bottom 40 meters it is the maximum depth for pearl collectors diving without any scuba diving equipment they do it by holding their breath below that mark the increasing pressure of the water forces air to escape the lungs that is why it is the maximum depth for recreational divers 200 meters 90 of all aquatic life exists in the layer of the world's oceans to a depth of 200 meters because light still somehow manages to penetrate through the water it creates the conditions for phytoplankton to grow its vast biomass feeds small crustaceans in turn those are food for fish and large mammals like whales as we dive deeper there's less light and less life we enter the twilight zone 332 meters it is the record for deep diving with the scuba diver equipment no one was able to dive deeper without a bathyscaf 565 meters it is the maximum recorded diving depth of the emperor penguin photosynthesis is almost non-existent here not enough light therefore there is no vegetation however we can find a relatively large number of fish but for most of them it is no longer the most friendly environment they do not look here for good life they go deeper in an attempt to hide from predators one thousand meters it is the end of the twilight zone there is less than one percent of the sunlight but the inhabitants learned to emit their own light they use bioluminescent chemical reactions to attract prey or deter predators up to a depth of 1000 meters there are siphonophores they are the closest relatives of jellyfish they live in colonies clustered around a long tube it serves as their common digestive system as we go deeper life forms become more bizarre and alien 1027 meters it is a record of a military submarine dive as we continue the dive we enter a midnight zone where total darkness reigns food is extremely scarce and ocean life is forced to conserve energy most animals do not hunt actively but drift and collect sea snow micro particles of dead fish remains plant feces dust and sand 2 200 meters it is the depth to which giant octopuses and even more giant sperm whales dive sometimes they even fight deadly battles at the depth we can also find the anglerfish with a luminescent fin ray to lure other fish for its prey a glowing bait looks like a juicy food in fact the luminescence comes from symbiotic bacteria six thousand one hundred meters it is the depth at which transcontinental internet cables are laid on the ocean floor more than ninety percent of ocean is about six thousand meters deep it is considered the conditional bottom of the ocean however there are many places where the ocean sinks below its own floor much deeper we're talking about the famous ocean places let us visit the deepest and most famous one the mariana trench is on the border of two lithospheric plates it was formed due to subduction submergence of one plate under the other the pacific plate under the philippine plate it was formed in its present form relatively recently about 180 million years ago at that time the first mammals already existed on land contrary to misconceptions the mariana trench is not a hole in the seabed but a huge formation 2 542 kilometers more than five times the length of the famous grand canyon in the united states it is also relatively narrow averaging about 70 kilometers with such dimensions it is not surprising that there are several deepest places more than 10 000 meters deep the challenger abyss is the most famous it is located in the southwestern part of the trench 340 kilometers from the island of guam according to various data its maximum depth ranges from 10 028 meters to 11 034 meters below sea level the second deepest place in the ocean is also in the mariana trench this is the siren abyss 200 kilometers east of the challenger abyss its maximum depth is slightly less 10 809 meters interestingly the deepest place is not the nearest place to the center of the earth our planet is not perfectly spherical but slightly flattened at the poles because the planet bulges along the equator the radius at the poles is about 25 kilometers less than the radius at the equator therefore the arctic ocean seafloor is closer to the center of the earth than the bottom of the challenger abyss because of its enormous scale the mariana trench has a special environment with some dramatic variations in conditions for example at its very top at a depth of only 414 meters there is the daikoku volcano you can observe a rare phenomenon a lake of pure molten sulfur underwater the black substance boils at a temperature of 187 degrees celsius there is an even more amazing place it is called black smokers these are hydrothermal springs at a depth of about 1600 meters which shoot out highly mineralized water under pressure of hundreds of atmospheres with a temperature of up to 450 degrees celsius according to the hypothesis a billion years ago the black smokers became the cradle of life in the ocean as for the existence of life in the mariana trench for a long time scientists believed that it is possible only at relatively shallow depths the high pressure at the very bottom of the challenger abyss and the temperature of about one degree were considered hostile conditions for any life however the first manned expeditions proved otherwise two americans jacques picard and don walsh were the first people to visit the challenger abyss in 1960. they descended to 10 918 meters in five hours on the deep diving research bathyscaf trieste at this mark the explorers spent 20 minutes and saw almost nothing because of the clouds of silt raised by the apparatus however they spotted a flat fish in the beam of the searchlight it was a scientific sensation that they found signs of life at such depth however the mere spotting of fish was inconclusive and the scientific community braced itself for years of waiting for the next expeditions the wait till march 24th 1995. on that day a japanese probe kaiko was lowered to the maximum depth of the depression and recorded a level of 10911.4 meters it also brought back samples of silt where scientists discovered microscopic living creatures four amino fera are single celled organisms with a mineral skeleton in july 2011 another research expedition used special models drop camps equipped with digital video cameras and powerful flashlights to explore the deepest places of the ocean the most impressive find was a gigantic forum minifera it was huge for single-celled organisms over 10 centimeters in size the next expedition was taken in 2012 by hollywood filmmaker james cameron on the one person human occupied vehicle deep sea challenger later scientists found about 200 species of invertebrates in soil samples brought back finally in december 2014 another expedition reached a depth of 8145 meters and found complex multicellular organisms scientists found previously unknown fish which looked like snailfish the fish is considered the record holder for deep water there are no other fish there except snailfish the good news is that that species has no natural enemies at this depth now let's go almost to the opposite side of the globe to look into another interesting oceanic depression the puerto rican trench is located on the boundary between the caribbean sea and the atlantic ocean on the site of a geological pit it is the deepest depression in the atlantic its lowest point is at 8 376 meters it is called the milwaukee depth in honor of the u.s navy ship milwaukee the ship that first found it the notorious geographical discovery was made on february 14 1939 but the exact depth was not measured until 2018. it was found by state of the art equipment the kongsberg em-124 multi-beam sonar later a retired u.s navy officer turned private equity investor victor vascovo completed a first manned dive on the roster into the puerto rico trench the deepest point at the atlantic ocean on december 19 2018 like many other deep places in the ocean it is a very turbulent place geologically seismic activity has already had catastrophic consequences for the neighboring islands especially the island of puerto rico on october 11 1918 due to a seven point earthquake a tsunami wave struck the west coast of the island more than a hundred people were killed and the damage amounted to tens of millions of dollars some geoscientists believe in the possibility of a powerful volcanic eruption in the near future which in turn will cause a disaster there is a geological anomaly associated with the puerto rican trench according to nasa there is a super dense geological formation under the trench it is so dense that it has an increased gravitational impact on the ocean's surface causing it to subside slightly it explains a negative impact on the accuracy of navigation devices the fauna of the trough is fascinating in 2012 a robotic bathyscaphe descended to the bottom of the trough and photographed a swarm of amphipods small crustaceans they were caught and brought to the surface for analysis the same expedition video recorded invertebrate creatures which in no way should be here later dr stace beaulieu of the woods hole oceanic institution identified one by its soft dark carcass length of 10 to 20 centimeters it turned out to be a sea cucumber of the genus pineagon he also recognized a representative of the crustacean family monopsidae in another creature the fact of their existence at such extreme depths forced scientists to make serious adjustments to the theories about the survival of species now let's look into the kermadec trench in the pacific ocean it is as gigantic a deep water trough in the pacific as the mariana trench in the atlantic it is located at the eastern foot of the kermadec islands and connects to the tonga trench in the north its length is about 1200 kilometers it was discovered in 1889 by an expedition of the british ship penguin the depth is also only slightly less than the mariana trench 10 047 meters the trench is interesting with its specific animal species discovered by research expeditions for example in 2012 the amphipods alicella gigantia were found at the bottom of the depression their size puzzled and confounded scientists they were up to 34 centimeters long while most of the crustaceans found elsewhere are much smaller about two centimeters long the gigantic size is a paradox resulting from extreme living conditions at great depths deep sea fish of the liparian family were also found in the trench to be more precise it is a special biological species known to la paris kermadecensis it is the second deepest fish with a very narrow range of depths from 6472 to 7561 meters the discovery of the pearl fish in the kermadec trench caused the sensation it was found at a depth of 8 200 to 8 300 meters it was an unusual find because the pearl fish live much closer to the surface at 1800 to 2000 meters deep how these creatures got to extreme depths and survived remains to be explained our story covered only a few pages from the book in exploring the deepest ocean places as technological capabilities develop more and more dives take place in 2020 as many as six manned expeditions took place to the mariana trench so we can hope and wait for more amazing discoveries

Channel: ReYOUniverse

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Keywords: The Oceans, The Mariana Trench, Volcanoes and Sulfur Lakes in the Mariana Trench, The Puerto Rican Trench, Kermadec Trench, What is discovered in the deepest places of the ocean?, Who lives in the Mariana Trench?, bottom of the Mariana Trench, bottom of the ocean, who lives at the bottom of the ocean?, reyou, reyouniverse, earth

Id: yuJ9WKEGekw

Length: 17min 38sec (1058 seconds)

Published: Sun Jun 19 2022