The Most Dangerous Places in our Solar System | What If

body crushing pressure toxic atmospheres unbearable temperatures that's what would be in store for you if you visited other planets in our solar system but what other environmental hazards would you encounter which planets would be the safest and which would be the most dangerous and how long could you survive on any of them this is what if and here's what would happen if you spent a day on every planet in our solar system before you get started on your journey through the solar system you should pack a bottle of water Earth is the only planet known to have consistent bodies of liquid water on its surface so if you pack enough you could probably survive a few days just about anywhere right well sorry to say I've got some bad news for you let's start with a visit to Mercury the smallest planet in the solar system this rocky crater-filled planet is only slightly larger than our moon and it's located extremely close to the Sun at a distance of 58 million km now even though a day on Mercury equals about 15 9 days on Earth your trip wouldn't last anywhere near that long due to this slow rotation you could land on the sunny half where the temperatures reach 430° C or maybe you'd aim for the dark side where temperatures drop to -180° C your best bet would be to find a cozy Spot somewhere in between but with an atmosphere mainly composed of oxygen sodium hydrogen helium and potassium good luck breathing for very long even in this Middle Ground you wouldn't likely survive more than 2 minutes okay let's check out what a day would be like on the second planet from the sun Venus well you should expect a very warm welcome because surface temperatures are a piping hot 47 75° C and one day on Venus lasts 243 Earth days unless you've got an impossibly robust spacecraft you couldn't get very close to the surface and even if you did you wouldn't last very long Venus has a thick and toxic atmosphere with 154,000 times more carbon than the at atmosphere of Earth and it's shrouded in yellowish clouds of sulfuric acid you could say the venutian atmosphere is a runaway greenhouse effect between the toxicity and the heat burning you to a crisp you wouldn't survive 1 second on [Music] Venus now let's skip on over to Mars unless you wanted to stop back on Earth for a couple breaths of freshh air on Mars you'd find comfort in a day that is a little over 24 hours what you wouldn't find comfortable is an atmosphere of carbon dioxide argon nitrogen and a little bit of oxygen and water vapor the surface of Mars is cold with an average temperature of - 62° c combine the low surface temperatures with the unbreathable air and you wouldn't survive much more than a few minutes here either on the next planet you wouldn't be able to reach the surface that's because there isn't one on the gas giant Jupiter this planet is more than twice as massive as all the other planets in our solar system combined and its atmosphere is primarily hydrogen helium and cold windy clouds of ammonia and water Jupiter might be bulky but it rotates fast one day lasts a mere 10 Earth hours and because it's so fast Jupiter's atmosphere has strong jet streams plus the Great Red Spot that is actually a storm bigger than the size of Earth if you fell into the planet you would enter the atmosphere at a whopping 49 km/ Second and as you kept falling the atmosphere would become denser and more turbulent you might feel like you were slamming into a wall again and again if you made it 692 km down you would find pressure levels higher than at the bottom of the Mariana Trench the deepest place on Earth if the pressure didn't kill you the temperature which averages -45° C certainly would you wouldn't survive on Jupiter for 1 second wow now if you continued on to Saturn you'd find another gous giant without a surface and like Jupiter a day lasts about 10.7 hours here you would experience deadly strong winds reaching up to 1,800 kmph with an unbreathable atmosphere made of hydrogen and helium Saturn is incapable of supporting life maybe you'd have more luck on one of its moons like Titan or Enceladus these two moons have internal oceans which could theoretically support life okay moving on to the first first of the ice giants in our solar system [Music] Uranus no surprise here that it also has an unbreathable atmosphere of hydrogen helium and methane which gives the planet its signature blue green color and the stink of rotten eggs there are some other unusual hazards on Uranus you'd need to be prepared for such as mysterious flares of X-rays and lethal Diamond rain yeah you heard that right highly compressed diamonds of carbon atoms raining down from the atmosphere but don't worry about that the immense pressure on this planet would kill you in less than a second all right last but not least Neptune a dark cold planet with supersonic winds as strong as 2,000 kmph that's faster than the top speed of a fighter jet so if the pressure didn't kill you those supersonic winds would probably do the trick a day on Neptune would last for 16 Earth hours but your life there wouldn't last a second okay there it is so in case it isn't clear Earth would be the only planet you would want to visit anytime soon just about anywhere else you could look forward to a deadly cocktail of high pressure and toxic gas imagine never being able to dream of landing on mars or traveling to Saturn not because it's impossible to get there but because they didn't exist because Earth was the only planet in our solar system what would the night sky look like where would the Earth be located and how would Humanity evolve this is what if and here's what would happen if Earth was the only planet in the solar system the other eight planets in our solar system aren't just pretty to look at or something that we strive to travel to one day even though they're billions of kilometers away they've played an essential role in life here on Earth so what would happen if they never existed each planet in the solar system played a vital role in the development of Earth billions of years ago and they continue playing a vital role in keeping earth safe today for example take the placement of every single planet they all have their own little space in the galaxy and that's not by accident our planets work together to keep each other in place for example if Mercury and Venus cease to exist Earth might drift closer to the Sun and if Jupiter or Saturn disappeared instead of getting closer to the Sun the Earth might drift further away from it this would cause a number of issues for us earthlings right now we're lucky enough to live in what scientists call the Goldilocks zone they call it that because Earth sits in the range of orbits around the Sun that are just right to sustain life if Earth were to move closer to the Sun it would get a little bit hot we might burn to a crisp the farther away we get the more the temperature would drop Earth would be too cold to sustain life the position of Earth in our solar system not only affects life but everything that happens on our planet it affects our Seasons the length of our days and how long our year is but unfortunately the time we wake up will will be the least of our worries with Earth being the only planet in our solar system there's no telling where it might end up we could be all the way in the back where Uranus and Neptune used to be or somewhere right up front where Mercury once was it's safe to say that no matter where we end up if it's not the goldilock Zone there's a pretty good chance there wouldn't be any life here on Earth if life did form somehow it would definitely be aquatic that's because without any other planets keeping us in check Earth's gravity would be severely different when we say no other planets we mean no moons either the moon's gravitational pull is responsible for the tides here on Earth without it our Waters would remain still the oceans wouldn't rise or fall they would just stay where they were so really Earth as we know it wouldn't exist if there were no other planets there's virtually no chance that Humanity would be living today but what if instead of the planets never existing in the first place one day they suddenly disappeared well apart from Earth violently moving around not knowing where to go we'd also have another huge issue to worry about asteroids it's clear that every planet is critical to life on Earth if just one planet suddenly disappeared a number of issues would go along with it there are two planets that have a very special role in keeping earth safe Jupiter and Saturn that's because while Earth is hanging out thriving with life Jupiter and Saturn are getting beat up by millions of asteroids flying through our solar system there are hundreds of millions of asteroids that are trying to kill Earth luckily we hardly see any of these and that's thanks to Jupiter and Saturn because of their enormous size and gravity they do an excellent job of pulling asteroids into them so that they never make it to Earth with these planets gone Earth would be bombarded by asteroids not good in case you've forgotten a single asteroid hit Earth millions of years ago wiping out the entire dinosaur population so this would end up being pretty bad Earth would soon be covered with massive craters and once again life would cease to exist luckily you won't have to worry about any of this you can rest easy knowing that Earth sits comfortably in this perfect little spot in the universe where we can all live and Thrive make room Earthling we are moving the other planets in our solar system into our planetary neck of the woods would all the planets fit into this Goldilocks zone what kinds of gravitational chaos would this cause and does this mean life would exist on the other planets this is what if and here's what would happen if all the planets of the solar system were in the habitable zone liquid water is a key ingredient for life and in our solar system earth is the only planet with liquid water on its surface that's because our planet is located in the habitable zone of our sun also known as the Goldilocks zone and the conditions here are just right any closer and water would boil away any further it would freeze the size of this area depends on how hot or cool a star is scientists have discovered 4,000 exoplanets within habitable zone but only 24 of them might be able to support life in our solar system this zone is within a range of 0.9 to 1.2 astronomical units from the Sun so if we parked all the other planets within this 45 million km patch of real estate could we Kickstart extraterrestrial life with a eight planets to Squeeze In the goldilock Zone you'd need to get creative the last thing you'd want to do would be disrupt the conditions for life on Earth right well to start this scenario off you'd need to move Mercury to the innermost portion of the habitable zone at around 0.9 astronomical units that would be more than twice as far away from the Sun as Mercury orbits now not much would change on this rocky planet except for a refreshing coolness after billions of years of scorching hot temperatures Venus already orbits relatively close to the habitable zone at 0.72 astronomical units when our sun was a young star and dimmer Venus was essentially located in a habitable zone it could even have had conditions for life with a shallow ocean of its own but as the sun got hotter that goldilock zone was pushed further back temperatures increased and the oceans boiled away maybe relocating Venus to a cooler spot away from the Sun could make it habitable once again now it would be time to do some calculating you've got five more planets to squeeze in it could be a good idea to make sure all the planets are an equal distance apart with our narrow goldilock Zone you could place each planet 6 and2 million km from each other that would be equal to about 30 times the distance between the Earth and the moon moving us away from our current location would make this whole experiment a little less chaotic but at about 0.97 astronomical units things would get warmer here bad news for the climate crisis uh ignoring that for now you'd move on to Mars you'd be excited to see if this cold rocky planet could have life well sorry to say it would still be Barren you see liquid water isn't the only thing that life needs to thrive Mars lacks a magnetic field that means solar radiation would strip away the chances of it having an atmosphere you'd still have to terraform it you'd likely not see any life popping up on the remaining gish's planets either the gas giants Jupiter and Saturn have atmospheric pressures and temperatures far too intense for molecules like DNA to be stable but you could probably take a cold dip on one of Jupiter's moons Europa its new proximity to the sun would allow it thick ice layer to melt feeling refreshed you'd realize that the last planet in our solar system Neptune is now even closer to us than Mars is today that means in our new solar system Arrangement Planet hopping would be a reasonable Adventure even with current technology you could travel between the planets in 90 days and Beyond the exploration there are all kinds of resources you could extract from the other planets you could get hydrogen fuel from Jupiter and Saturn to help us transition to a low carbon future you could mine Cobalt from asteroids this would be important to developing renewable energy systems but this new solar system would be a little unstable to say the least especially with a massive Planet like Jupiter so close to us it has 2 and a half times the mass of all the other planets in our solar system combined scientific reports indicate a star similar to our sun could have six earth-sized planets within its habitable zone with Jupiter gravitational stability would be all out of whack and all these imbalances could result in the pl planets or moons getting ejected from orbit or reshuffled completely billions of years from now the sun will become a red giant and then it will slowly die that's right it's the end of the solar system and this is your Survival Guide what will happen when Earth becomes too toasty to sustain life where else in the solar system could human civilization live and what would the sun be like in its final days this is what if and here's what would happen if you survived the end of the solar system for around 4 and 1/2 billion years our sun has been the bright center of our solar system it's fueled by the nuclear fusion in its core and it burns through 661 million tons of hydrogen every second during its Stellar lifespan the sun has burned through about half of its fuel source that means our sun has another 5 billion years left in it as the sun uses up its hydrogen through nuclear fusion it becomes becomes more saturated with helium and that makes it spit out even more energy every billion years that it burns hydrogen our sun gets about 10% brighter eventually all that energy will push out the sun's outer layers and our star will swell in size then we'll have a red giant at the center of our solar system game over right let's fast forward to around 1 and2 billion years from now sorry to say but things won't be looking too good for life on Earth the sun's increased brightness will set off intense global warming our planet will become so hot that our oceans will start to boil the increasing heat and radiation of our sun will shift the habitable zone of our solar system and now the area where liquid water could exist will move out toward Mars yeah Mars will now become habitable and it could be Humanity's first destination for settlement but to create a breathable atmosphere we'd still have to terraform the red planet at this point Mars could remain habitable for as long as 5 billion years that'll give us plenty of time to make our next move but in about 7 and A2 billion years our solar system will have a giant problem a red giant problem of course our star will run out of its hydrogen fuel and start burning helium instead the sun will expand completely vaporizing Mercury the atmosphere of Venus will burn up eventually the expanding sun will swallow Venus whole and our Earth well it will get reduced to a dense hot iron core our new home on Mars won't be habitable anymore either Humanity's best hope would be to hop over to Europa Jupiter's fourth largest moon its thick layer of ice will melt from the sun's increased heat Europa could become a wonderful Water World Jupiter's moon could be our home for a few hundred million years that's when the sun will reach its maximum size as a red giant it will shine about 3,000 times brighter than it does today and its surface could extend well beyond Earth's orbit 8 billion years from now the sun could make life intolerable as far as Pluto our best hope at that point would be to find a home on a distant dwarf planet in the Kyper belt the temperatures there could be similar to what we were used to on Earth life on Earth would be a thing of the very very distant past for this generation of humans 2 billion years after that our Sun's fuel reserves will completely dry up the sun will become unstable and will start to pulse this will cause it to shrug off its outermost layers the sun will change from a red giant to a white dwarf this means it will shrink until it becomes the size of Earth today it will blast off massive amounts of X-ray radiation but less heat so the habitable zone will dramatically shift once again it could go from the Kyper belt to about where mercury used to be for a human civilization to continue we'd have to move onto another Stars habitable exoplanet our white dwarf star would radiate for quadrillions of years so moving back to its new habitable zone wouldn't be a good idea when our former Sun used up the last of its energy it will no longer be able to shine or radiate heat but it will still have mass and gravitational pull it may become a black dwarf scientists have yet to find any such stars as they would have to be much older than our 14 billion year old Universe when I say jump you say how high okay let's put this to the ultimate test by hopping around the solar system literally what differences in gravity would you experience on which planet could you jump as high as a house and on which planets would jumping lead to your demise this is what if and here's what would happen if you jumped on every planet in the solar system every object with mass is subject to gravity this includes you of course whether you're standing on your two feet or lounging on the sofa the Earth's gravity is pulling you toward the center of the planet when you jump the force of your muscles allows you to overcome that gravity and accelerate upward once you're in the air gravity slows you down and eventually your velocity hits zero and you fall back to the surface the planets in our solar system come in all sizes so the force of their gravity differs too your mass would stay exactly the same but from one planet to the next your weight would be very different you guys lost a pound so could you bound gracefully over mountains on one while on another you'd barely be able to lift a toe your interplanetary jumping experiment would begin right here on Earth okay not the most exciting place to start but a good place of comparison if you're close to the average jumper you should be able to squat swing your arms and leap about half a meter high all in about 1 second but don't let me underestimate you if you're an extremely talented athlete like Javier sotoor you could set a new world record by jumping over 2.45 m met wa not too shabby making a quick first stop on the moon you'd find gravity six times weaker than it is on Earth well that's because the moon has about 80 times less Mass here you'd only need to jump at a velocity of 2 km/s to lift off the surface and with your average jumping velocity you should be able to jump about 3 m High meanwhile Earth's most talented jumper would be able to bound over an entire house okay moving on to the rocky surface of the planet closest to the Sun Mercury with a spectacular close-up view and temperatures hitting 430° you'd be drenched in sweat already Mercury is smaller than Earth the gravitational pull is about 1/3 of what you're accustomed to here at home so despite exhausting conditions you'd be able to jump about three times as high okay let's get out of the frying pan and Into the Fire by taking a leap on an even hotter planet Venus very similar in size to Earth this planet has a surface gravity about 91% of earths here you'd be able to jump ever so slightly higher than you could back home but you definitely wouldn't want to hang out for too long in this thick scorching hot atmosphere so time to cool off on Mars you better keep your leg muscles warm though the average temperature on the red planet is - 62° but the good news you'd feel lighter Mars has about 10 times less mass than Earth and for this reason you'd be able to jump to nearly the exact same height as you did back on Mercury okay now leaving the rocky planets behind it would be time to test your skills on a gas giant like Jupiter this planet is so large that all the other planets of the solar system could fit inside it Jupiter has very intense gravity so you'd be feeling a lot heavier than you do right now if you tried to jump here you'd only be able to get a pathetic 20 cm off the ground now if it helps your ego this scenario would be impossible for a simple reason it's because the gas giants have no surface to jump from so you'd have to stay on top of your spaceship and if I can offer some advice don't fall off on Saturn you'd be surprised to find that you can jump only about 3 cm less than you could on Earth despite the planet having 95 times the mass Saturn's surface gravity is quite similar to our home planet okay now heading toward the dark cold edges of the solar system you'd take your leaps on Uranus and Neptune just be sure to avoid slipping on these ice giants on Uranus you'd find a relatively familiar gravitational pull because of this you'd be able to jump about 6 cm higher than you could on Earth then finally you'd reach the Bleak foggy surface of Neptune and despite your aching muscles you'd power through for one last jump and that could be tough considering the severe winds that dwarf even the largest hurricanes back on Earth but you'd take your best shot and struggling against the slightly stronger gravity you'd reach 44 CM roughly the same as back home speaking of back home I think it's time to head back what would happen if our planet got too close to a black hole well according to science fiction we'd be sucked into a parallel universe or maybe even the future but in reality it wouldn't be nearly the that fun instead our planet would be ripped apart piece by piece starting with our atmosphere so what if we moved a little further back instead of the black hole being right beside us we move it to the center of our solar system would our planet still be destroyed and what would that do to our solar system as a whole this is what if and here's what would happen if the solar system orbited a black hole this black hole has the same mass as our sun if we were to place it next to our sun the two objects would orbit each other at a close distance about 1/10th the distance between Earth and the Sun this would mean that our solar system was now orbiting a local point with twice the mass of the sun as a result the planets would have to orbit faster to avoid getting pulled inwards a year on Earth would decrease from 365 days to 258 days and the amount of energy from the Sun would vary as it orbited closer to and farther away from Earth other than that life would pretty well be the same but what if we replaced our sun with a black hole completely Well we'd have a lot more to worry about than just the length of a year which by the way would be over in the blink of an [Music] eye the biggest problem we would face if we replace the sun with a black hole would be the absence of incoming solar energy the planet Earth would go completely dark thanks to our planet's Infamous greenhouse gas of fact the global temperature wouldn't be reduced instantaneously but after the first week Earth's average surface temperature would drop to 0° and then to -11° by the end of the first year you'd think that our planet quickly becoming an ice world would be bad enough but we're just getting started without sunlight there would be no photosynthesis the process by which all plants generate food small plants would die in a matter of days this would create a ripple effect throughout the entire food chain causing us all to starve to death eventually but maybe there is a way we can get usable energy from a black hole and it all starts with something called CMB CMB also known as Cosmic microwave background is the a weak radiation left over from The Big Bang theoretically if a black hole spins fast enough it can compress the CMB radiation into Optical wavelengths the same wavelengths that are emitted by the Sun the wavelengths would funnel into a narrow beam and before you know it our planet would have usable energy once again all right but there is a small catch the faster rotation of the black hole would also pull the planetary orbits in closer to the point of no Escape for the planetary orbits to remain stable and avoid being sucked up the orbital velocity of the planets would need to be close to the speed of light this means that a year on Earth would be over before the blink of an eye so much for your big New Year's Eve party but there's no time to worry about that because we've got big issues coming our way if any material like meteors satellites or space debris gets sucked into the black hole it will result in a blast of radiation coming our way and when the radiation arrives at our planet it will blow away our atmosphere killing anything in its path so even though the sun can be annoying sometimes when it comes to things to orbit around we could do a lot worse unlike Earth which is orbiting the Sun there are billions of rogue planets roaming the Milky Way not bound to any host star one of them has been spotted on the edge of our solar system what if this Interstellar object swung through it how would this space invader affect the orbits of the planets could it possibly push Earth out of the habitable zone this is what if and here's what would happen if if a rogue Planet entered our solar system if a planet doesn't belong to any star system it's considered a rogue Planet this is an Interstellar planet with a catchy name just 20 light years away from us it's nearly 177,000 times the size of Earth and has a powerful magnetic field that makes the planet glow with Incredible auroras what if this massive Alien Planet trespassed the borders of our solar system would this mean the end of life here on Earth once the interstellar Planet invaded our solar system things could go very wrong this Rogue Planet would likely be moving at hundreds of kilom per second if we were unlucky enough to be on a collision course with this massive alien object the Earth would be completely demolished but don't worry our solar system is quite big and the chances of the Rogue Planet bypassing us without a fatal Collision are pretty high instead our Interstellar guest would be busy disturbing the orbits of all the planets in the solar system that's because a rogue Planet nearly 13 times bigger than Jupiter would have a huge gravitational impact making other planets orbits including Earth's more elliptical and that's when the bad news Begins for life here on Earth the Earth is orbiting the sun's relatively narrow habitable zone within this Zone also known as The goldilock Zone it's not too cold so our water doesn't turn to ice and not too hot so it doesn't get vaporized and neither do we just perfect change the Earth's orbit and the conditions for Life won't be so great the Rogue Planet may not push us out of the habitable zone but it would bring us much closer to the Sun for very short and exceptionally hot summers those extreme Summers would be followed by long and super cold Winters quick Summers would leave us less time to grow crops by the end of our first never-ending winter Humanity could face food shortages even Extinction the Earth might be thrown into the next ice age instead of global warming we'd be worried about global cooling we'd rethink our energy sources and try to pump out more greenhouse gases to warm the planet up a little solar energy on the other hand would be considered very inefficient in the wintertime but could be used very effectively during the short blaze of summer count on things being much worse if the Earth gets knocked out of the habitable zone at that point the Earth would considerably cool down all our water would freeze and so would we this would be the end of most life on Earth the only way we could survive would be if we learn to live at the bottom of the ocean next to deep sea thermal vents that push out extremely hot water maybe eventually we'd evolve into a different life form that would take control over the frozen planet lucky for us the universe is enormous there's a lot of space between rogue planets and other objects in our galaxy and that makes this scenario very unlikely moving it's never easy the packing and unpacking having to start fresh and make new friends all this can be challenging but let's face it whether it's a nasty landlord or imminent threat to humanity sometimes you just have to move in another wh if we looked at moving the Earth to avoid certain danger but what if that wasn't enough what if we had to build a stellar engine to move our entire solar system how could we do it where would we go and what would happen to us here on Earth this is what if and here's what would happen if we moved the solar system to move our solar system would require an incredible amount of energy and careful planning we could potentially do this with a Stellar engine a class of hypothetical Mega structures using a star's radiation to create usable energy thankfully with our planets locked in orbit of the sun due to its immense gravitational pull we only have to find a way to propel the Sun and our planets and moons will follow Russian scientist and aeronautical engineer Leonid skatoff proposed an ingenious method to move our sun using a giant parabolic mirror known as the skatoff Thruster it works by harnessing the sun's photons and reflecting them back around the sun creating thrust each Photon carries a tiny amount of thrust meaning if you were in space and you turned on a flashlight you would eventually move just very very slowly the sun produces 10 to the power of 45 phot per second this impressive energy makes the Sun the most powerful nuclear reactor ever as a result we would have to position this parabolic mirror exactly over the sun's poles to avoid burning one of our nearby planets this limits the direction we could move and it would likely take us 230 million years to move 100 L years that's an astronomical amount of time so is is there a faster and more efficient way we could move the sun astrophysicist Matthew e Caplan of Illinois State University has proposed a new type of engine called the Kaplan Thruster this Stellar engine requires one quadrillion satellite mirrors known as a Dyson swarm to orbit the radius of the Sun these would reflect the sun's energy in a concentrated Area Heating it up and shooting the Sun's mass and solar winds outward allowing us to utilize the billions of tons of hydrogen and helium collected using large electromagnetic fields a thermonuclear reactor on board could conceivably convert the helium and hydrogen into radioactive oxygen used as exhaust to propel the craft and any leftover hydrogen from the Sun would be shot in a jet of plasma using a particle accelerator pushing the sun forward and keeping the Thruster from being sucked into the Sun's gravity this delicate Balancing Act would allow us to move in any direction we want at much greater speeds the real challenge might be building the Dyson Sphere itself for one thing we would have to mine Mercury for its Rich supply of metals and minerals this would take a considerable amount of time and effort but could provide us with an almost infinite energy source learn more about that in our other video what if we built a Dyson Sphere now what would it feel like on earth when our entire solar system goes surfing through space Well turns out everything might feel more or less the same researchers at Illinois State University believe that shifting the solar system wouldn't disrupt our planet's orbits since the thrust of a stellar engine would create just a small acceleration overall as we orbit the sun the sun orbits the galactic center of the Milky Way we don't feel this movement because it's constant if the Earth suddenly stopped moving however we'd be in Cosmic trouble with so many travel destinations in the universe we'd still be limited to only a small portion of it known as the local group this collection includes our massive Milky Way galaxy the Andromeda and triangulum galaxies and about 50 other dwarf galaxies now due to the mysterious force of Dark Matter scientists have discovered that the universe is rapidly expanding even though we can see them all the other Galaxy groups are moving farther away from us at speeds we'll never be able to reach we'd be better off looking for other habitable planets like ours within our own Galaxy in approximately 4 and 1/2 billion years our Milky Way will eventually collide with the Android dromeda Galaxy forming milk dramaa at this point galaxies outside the local group will be so far away we won't even be able to detect them like we can now future civilizations born in the milk droma universe may think that the local group is all that there is they wouldn't be able to learn about the big bang and may think that the universe is static and never ending so consider yourself lucky to be living in a time where we can research the past and possible future of our own Universe maybe someday we will harness our Stellar energy and get to explore our galaxy and make some new friends along the way this would make us a type 2 civilization on the kardashev scale which measures a civilization's technological ability to control and utilize energy sadly we're barely a type 1 civilization as we still haven't figured out how to harness all of Earth Earth's available energy if another star Rampage through the solar system the extent of the chaos it would cause would depend on the size of that star and its trajectory when schulz's Star passed through the ort Cloud it came five times closer than Proxima centor the closest star to our solar system Schultz's star didn't have much effect on Earth although around the same time early humans almost got wiped out by a massive volcanic eruption but that was pure coincidence right in any case before Schultz's star turned away minding its own business it did change the orbits of about 10% of comets and asteroids in the solar system but what if it was a bigger incoming star like glea 710 that's currently making its way towards us glea 710 isn't scheduled to make its first contact with the solar system for another 1.29 million years but when it does it could shake the Earth quite a bit at first the Rogue star would make its way into the OR cloud at this point it wouldn't affect us directly but it would send massive chunks of Space Rock showering the solar system up 170 meteors comets and asteroids would hit the Earth every day if the Rogue Star had other planets and moons following it our solar system would turn into a galactic soup with stars and planets being pulled out of their orbits massive collisions would create a Rippling effect effect disrupting planetary orbits even more eventually the Earth would be knocked out of its orbit too if it wasn't already destroyed by meteor storms and the remnants of other planets not to sound too dramatic but there are estimates that 40,000 stars have entered the or Cloud at some point in the history of the solar system but they all came here on just visiting trips chances that any of those Rogue Stars will ever make it past the or Cloud are close to zero it's invisible deadly and sucking up every bit of matter in its path the most massive black hole in the known universe is headed right toward Earth what would you see as it started to slurp up the Milky Way Galaxy what kind of tasty dish would Earth become and when it's finished with us where would it go next this is what if and here's what would happen if the largest black hole entered our solar system black holes aren't that much different from any other object in the universe that has mass except that they are really really dense at their Center is a singularity an infinitely small small point where all its matter is compressed the more matter that's condensed into this Singularity the stronger the gravitational pull most black holes are the remnants of massive stars and generally range between 10 to 100 solar masses for the record one solar mass is the equivalent of 333,000 earths that's a lot of gravity but super massive black holes which lurk at the centers of many galaxies could contain millions or billions of solar masses and scientists think that there are black holes as large as 100 billion solar masses AKA stupendously large black holes or slabs catch one of these moving toward our solar system and get ready to wave bye-bye to all your conceptions of space and time the largest known black hole ton 618 has begun its long track directly toward our solar system with its 66 billion solar masses in tow and long Tre is no overstatement it would be traveling at least 10 billion light years to reach us as it steamrolled through space it would gobble every bit of dust and gas in its path it would also snack on many stars before it even reaches the Milky Way depending on its route this could mean hundreds of billions of stars added to its size before making first contact with our galaxy it would have pulled in enough matter to disrupt its neatly organized spiral you'd be able to detect its initial approach toward us as You observe the increasingly intense radiation it emits eventually it would come bearing down on the last of the Milky Way's spiral arms the Orion arm ton 618 would gobble up its entire 20,000 Lightyear length it would be like an unbelievably long Buffet line straight to the center of our galaxy somewhere along this line it would finally knock on our front door the orc cloud is a spherical shell of icy debris that surrounds the solar system or at least it was before ton 618 showed up it would then continue on its way and consume the Kyper belt just beyond the orbit of Neptune the danger to Earth would steadily increase as hundreds of thousands of icy bodies would be sent hurdling this way as ton 618 kept pushing forward it would Devour the ice giants Neptune and Uranus and the gas giants Saturn and Jupiter would be pulled apart atom by atom not only the planets but their moons and every asteroid that the giant black hole comes across any future plans by us to settle on Mars would be squashed as the red planet would end up right smack in the middle of this black hole too and now there would be nothing left in the way of ton 618 and Earth now while the center of this stupendously large black hole would be almost 295 billion km away weed finally be right up against its Event Horizon that's the boundary marking a black hole's point of no return

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Keywords: what if, what happens if, science documentary, what if scenario, hypothetical scenarios, science, bbc science documentary, top 10, discovery channel, documentary, 2023 space documentary, solar system, planets, cosmos, michio kaku, neil degrassetyson, gravity, jupiter, facts, hypothetical scenario, nasa, mars, bbc documentary, full documentary, space documentary, discovery, discovery plus, unexplained, ufo, space documentary 2023, science and technology, most amazing top 10

Id: FwKrGvZW1PE

Length: 54min 50sec (3290 seconds)

Published: Sun Jul 30 2023