Hi, everyone. In this lesson I'm going to tell you everything
you need to know about "that". "That" is one of the most common words in English. Let's have a look at how we can use it in
conversation and in writing. First use is something close or distant. When something is close, we can say... "This" is a pointing word; it means close
to me. "This man", "this room", "this pen". "This pen is close to me." But when something is further away, I can
show that in language by saying: "That woman", "that house", "that pencil". "This pen; that pencil" - more far away. We can also use "that" when we want to reduce
the length of a sentence. Because "that" is a pointing word, we can
take a longer sentence, such as: "The song that is playing sounds great", and instead
we can just say: "That's a great song." In a sentence like this, "that" means the
song that's playing now. You already know about it, so I don't need
to say those extra words. I can make it shorter: "That's a great song." Another example: "What's that thing in your hand?" I can simply say: "What's that?" If I'm looking at it, my eyes will show what
I'm talking about: "What's that?" Another example: "The outfit that you're wearing
looks great." You're dressed up, you're wearing something nice. I don't need to say all those words; I can
simply say: "That looks great. That looks really great." The next use of "that" is to intensify something;
make it more strong. I can say... An example... An example situation: "Trust me. It's that bad", and I use my tone of voice
to add the intensity on "that", and also a bit on "bad". "Trust me. It's that bad." Another example: "I'm not joking. His cat really is that fat." And when we use "that" with our tone, it's
something that native speakers would do to emphasize something. When we're making a joke perhaps or we're
exaggerating something in a story, we'll say "that" with a lot of emphasis. Next use of "that" is the difference between
writing and conversation. In conversation we don't always say the word
"that"; whereas in more formal writing, we often will write "that" in a sentence. "I thought that it was a mistake." That's what I'd write. "I thought that it was a mistake", but perhaps
I'd just say: "I thought it was a mistake." I could... I could also say, if I wanted: "I thought
that it was a mistake." It's not right, it's not wrong; it depends
on the speaker. But typically, if we do something in writing,
that's because it's considered more formal, or more standard English, or more proper English. Another example: "They said that the package
has not arrived." Perhaps I would write that sentence: "They
said that the package has not arrived", whereas I would say: "They said the package has not arrived." Another example: "You promised that you would
be home by 9." A written example, maybe we'd see that in
a novel. Maybe not actually because this seems like spoken... Spoken dialogue. We could simply say... We could simply say, instead: "You promised
you would be home by 9." Now let's look at example number five of when
to use "that". We can use "that" in situations to comment
and share our feelings about something that's happened. First example: "That's insane!" If I use that tone, I'm surprised. This could be you tell me that you've won
20 million pounds on the lottery - I'm so shocked about that, I say: "That's insane!" But equally, I can use this expression when
I'm really shocked that something happened, and I think that it's crazy and insane. Let's say you knew about a criminal incident
that happened - a crazy guy came and smashed up your friend's car. Maybe a jealous boyfriend or something like
that - he smashed up the car, but when the police came, in the end they didn't charge
him for anything. So, nothing happened to this guy who smashed the car. When you hear about it, you can say: "That's
insane!" because you think it's a bad thing that happened. It depends on your tone. The next ones: "That's a pity", "That's too
bad", and "That's a shame" all mean a similar thing, which is that something unfortunate
has happened to you, you've been disappointed. This could be you had a job, you loved the
job, you thought it was going really, really well and then two weeks after you've been
doing this job the boss suddenly comes to you and says: "Sorry, but we can't keep you
on", so you lose your job. When I hear about that, I say: "That's too
bad" or I say: "That's a shame", because I knew you really liked it. Or I say: "That's a pity." I feel for you at the time. And the last example I would say: "That's
good." That's... Well, it depends how enthusiastic I say. When I say... When I say: "That's good", I'm excited for
you and I'm happy for you. Something good has happened to you today. Perhaps you did well in an exam. When you come back, I've got more examples for you. Now that you're back, I've got some more uses of "that". We use "that" when we want to report
facts or information. "Info" is short for "information". Here's an example: "The graph shows that exports
have declined." When something declines - goes down. And "export" is the goods that a country sends
out to other countries. Effectively, they sell these things to other
countries. "The graph shows that exports have declined." This is a fact or information because I'm
looking at the graph and I can see the line where the exports are declining. Another example: "The paper says that the
Glitter Fairy Party will win the election." Same thing happening here. The newspaper reports the news to us, and
we can use the construction: "says that" so that we have the information about who's winning
the election. And another example here is: "This report
claims that global warming is a hoax." We have the same thing happening in all the
examples. We have the source of the information or source
of the data, a report, newspaper, or graph, and we use a verb plus "that". "...claims that", "says that", and "shows
that". And when we use the verb and "that", this
is how we show the information. The next one is we use "that" to link noun... Noun phrases together, and when we do that
we show causation; we show that one noun phrase is linked to the other one - they're in a
relationship. Here's an example: "I was so happy that I
jumped for joy." Here's the first phrase: "I was so happy";
here's the second phrase: "I jumped for joy". "I was so happy that I jumped for joy", and
"that" is in the middle to sandwich the two phrases together. Another example: "Tom was so tired that he
fell asleep at the wheel." Same thing happening here. Here's the first phrase: "Tom was so tired";
the second phrase is: "he fell asleep at the wheel", and we link them together with "that",
and we know that this phrase is in a relationship with the second phrase. Another time when we use "that" is for statements
we make using "suggest", "recommend", or "advise". Here's some examples: "I advise that you get
a second opinion." In this sentence, "that" is optional. I can also say: "I advise you get a second
opinion." Similar to a previous example, in writing,
"that" is considered more formal; but often in speech people don't say it. "May I recommend that you try the salmon?" Also we can say it without "that". "May I recommend you try the salmon?" This is your waiter speaking to you in the
nice restaurant. One more example: "I suggest that you apologize." When we use "suggest" in that way, often we are... We pause before we speak. We hesitate. Perhaps because we... We don't want to quickly give that person
advice, so we don't say "advise" and we don't say "recommend" because we don't want to tell
them what to do, so more softly we say "suggest", like this: "I suggest that you apologize." Sometimes we can hear the pause after "suggest"
because people are careful about telling the other person what they think they should do. Now let's look at some common expressions
where we use "that". When we're... When we've reached the end of what we're saying,
very often people will say: "That's about it", or they'll say: "That's about it then",
and after they've told their story or they've explained something, this is an expression
that says: "I've finished now; this is the end of my point", and then the other person
will reply or start speaking about something else. Another expression is: "That's a good point." When somebody says that to you, they agree
with what you're saying. "That'll be the day" means you think something
is really unlikely; you don't think it's going to happen. Perhaps your... your... your son has a really,
really, really messy bedroom; he never brings the cups down to the kitchen, he never keeps
it clean and tidy, but one day he says to you: "I'm going to keep that room tidy now,
Mum, don't worry. I don't want you coming in there and cleaning
it anymore." She might say: "That'll be the day." She... She doesn't believe what you're saying; it's
so unlikely. Another one is: "With all that being said..." This is a... This is an expression we use after we've made
a very long point and giving an opinion on something - we say: "With all that being said"
when we follow it with a contrasting opinion. Perhaps this opinion comes to us after we
said... Said everything before. It's the opposite. This tends to be a more formal expression. Or not necessarily formal; you would only
hear it in situations where people are discussing and talking for a long time about things;
perhaps not in regular, daily conversation. More examples, here. "And that's that. That's that" - that's another way of saying:
"I've finished my point. You can talk now". "That'll do. That'll do. Let's get out of here" - enough or finished. Actually we can also say this one when we
want some people to stop making a noise or a commotion. For example, kids in the classroom, the teacher
can come in and say: "Hey, that'll do now", and that means: "Stop. I'm here." Another example is: "That's done it. That's really done it now." That's what you say when you're angry and
when you've come to the final straw. The "final straw" is when you've reached that
point where after this point you can't ignore it anymore, it's too late now, you gave them
many chances before, but now: "That's done it." You did something too far, too much, and the
person reacts. Often they're angry with you. And last of all we have: "That's all folks." This one is a slogan from Looney Tunes, the cartoon. And I can't really do the accent for it, but
it means: "We're finished now. That's all folks." That's my best. That's my best. So, here are all these uses of "that". What you can do now is go and do the quiz
on this lesson. That's all folks. Bye.
