Hi guys, thanks for tuning in to another
video on ForgottenWeapons.com. I'm Ian McCollum, and I'm here today at the Rock Island Auction Company taking a look at two Ruger Mini-14s, which are definitely not forgotten weapons
by any stretch of the imagination. However, I think there's some very valuable
lessons that we can take from these two rifles. Because they are still considered such common
guns, and where they're literally such common guns, we've never looked at these up on the channel
before and, well, I think it's time that we do. So, these are of course Mini-14s, the
original intent, the idea behind the Mini-14, as the name implies, was to take the M14 US military
rifle and scale it down for the 5.56 / .223 cartridge. Now it's interesting, Bill Ruger ... honestly believed
that had he come out with this rifle five years earlier it would have been adopted by
the US military instead of the M16. I don't think that's really quite realistic, but the Mini-14 has
become, and remains today, an extremely popular rifle. It's seen service with a whole bunch of different
law enforcement and military organisations. This one here is actually a Texas Rangers rifle. There are French security organisations
that have adopted the Ruger as the A.M.D., Mousqueton A.M.D., and put them together in France.
They've been purchased by a couple of militaries, although not a lot, but a whole
lot of police and security services, as well as hundreds of thousands
of them made for the civilian market. So, we have a bit of a conundrum in, how do
you sell hundreds of thousands of these guns? Well, you have to do it by
making them economically priced. We know that the M14 is a really
ridiculously expensive rifle to manufacture. So how do you scale it down, but not maintain
the same sort of expensive price and manufacturing? That is one of the things that Ruger is really good at.
So let's take a look and see how they did it. Alright, so we're gonna compare an M1A up
here, which is effectively the same as an M14 in terms of manufacturing, to our Mini-14 down here,
and we're going to look at a couple different elements. First we'll look at design, and then we'll look
at the machining and the fabrication techniques. So as you can see just from the outside,
the similarity is really quite obvious. But our design differs, especially in the gas system. The M14 gas system is really the most substantial
thing that differentiates the M14 from the M1 Garand. Yes, I know there were detachable box magazines
added, but that's a pretty simple adaptation. You'll see the Italians do that with the
BM 59 very quickly and easily and cheaply. And the M14 was not a cheap rifle to develop,
and a lot of what they spent their time doing was adding this gas system. So where the M1
had an operating rod that ran all the way up and ... it had the gas piston at the end of the operating
rod, the M14 splits those into two separate pieces. So you have the operating rod here, and then the gas
piston is actually confined in this gas tube right here. There's a little vent hole, and so the idea
here is that this is a self-regulating piston. When it opens up all the way, it clears that
hole, any remaining excess gas vents out there. And if you can see slow motion footage of an M14 firing, you'll see a little spurt of gas here every
time it fires from that excess gas venting out. You can pull the front of it off to clean it out. ... This system was really quite a
lot of the developmental process. Naturally that's going to be expensive. So, Ruger took a look at that and went, "Mmm,
yeah, we don't need that, how about instead we just have a little gas vent,
right here, connected to our gas block?" And instead of finely pressing the gas block onto the barrel,
we'll just clamp it on there with four hex head screws. And then we'll just vent gas directly
into this block of the operating rod. (Go ahead and take the mainspring out here.) So the front end of the Mini-14
operating rod is just a blind hole. Gas vents into that almost like
a direct impingement system. There is no moving piston in this gun, gas vents in there, and then this whole piece, this
operating rod, gets pushed backwards. That really simplifies the design of the gun, and by the way,
it wasn't Bill Ruger who actually designed the Mini-14, it was actually Jim Sullivan, the same guy who had been
50% of the team that scaled the AR-10 down into the AR-15. Well, by the late 1960s he had gone to work for
Ruger, and he designed their M77 bolt action rifle, and he designed the Mini-14 for them. Another example of this simplification is
the roller here on the Mini-14 bolt, which yeah, that's not actually a roller, that's a solid protrusion. It's designed to look the same
as the roller on an M14 bolt, ... and I should say actually at the very beginning, the
very first series of Mini-14s, this was actually a roller. But they fairly quickly realised, "Yeah, we don't
actually need it to roll." So they got rid of that. And now it's just a solid protrusion,
that saves some more machining time. If we look at the sights, the M14
of course has this military-lineage adjustable, very fine, excellent, high quality,
and time consuming to make blade front sight. The standard Mini-14 front
sight is a single pinned-on block. It's got a big slightly tapered post
to it, but far easier to make than this. And the rear sight is the same. The M14
(or M1A), has this very precisely made, very fine, click-adjustable
windage and elevation rear sight. This really is one of the major strengths of the M14 rifle. Get too cynical, one might say one
of the only strengths of the M14 rifle. But when Ruger copied it they
vastly simplified that design. So it's now just a little sheet metal peep
sight there, and you have a spring plunger and you can push that plunger down and
rotate this wheel to adjust your elevation. Not quite as easy as the click system on the
M14. You've got the same thing for windage. So far cheaper, far easier ... you know, your
precision shooters are obviously not going to like this, but there's a vast market out there of
people who have a much more pedestrian role in mind for their rifles. And this works,
you know, this is fine for 90% of people. And that's the sort of attitude that Ruger
takes is, whatever is fine for most people is going to keep our costs down and make
the gun much more affordable and accessible. One more element that we'll look at
here is the bolt hold open on the M14. You know, we've got machined cuts
here, we've got a separate piece there. ... It has to be milled out, you know, this isn't a casting or
stamping or anything. That's how you hold the bolt open. Sullivan (and Ruger) took a look at that and went, "Well, that's
complicated, we can probably do this much more easily." And so they have this recess on the side of
the receiver covered by a little stamped plate, and under that is their bolt hold open (which kind of flies out when you take the plate off). It is a little cast part here and a spring,
and this just pivots up and down. Now, while this looks like it has,
you know, as many features to it, as many different cuts and dimensions
and everything as the M14 version, this is actually a much simpler
sort of piece to make because this can be cast as a single part with
very little required finish machining. None of the surfaces on this are really
all that precise, they don't have to be. And the same thing with the receiver, you can cast (and we'll talk about the receiver casting in a minute),
you can cast all these features, these holes, into it. And again, there's very little finish machining required, and
that makes this a much faster and easier thing to produce. Now let's talk about manufacturing processes,
because Ruger is, at its heart, a casting company. That's their core strength, that's what they understand
how to do. And they understand how to do it really well. A lot of people will ... hear the word "cast" and
just automatically assume that this is some sort of crappy, inferior methodology for
making cheap parts quickly. Well, it is a less expensive way to do things,
it is a relatively quick way to do things. But if casting is done right, it is absolutely no worse
than plain machining, and it can be a whole lot faster. If you want to take a block of steel
this big and use a massive press to ... squish it into the basic outline of a receiver, and then spend a lot of machine time cutting
away all the parts that aren't M14 receiver, you can do that and you'll end up with
something like this. And as long as it's done right, and heat-treated right (this is an essential
element that some people leave out), you can end up with a really good receiver. But you can also end up with a
really good receiver by casting it, as long as your heat treat's good, your finish machining
is done where it's necessary - just like a forged receiver. Like, there's nothing fundamentally wrong about this. And because Ruger has developed the
company expertise in how to do casting, this is really an excellent option for them. So, if we look
up close at this, you can see a lot of the cast surfaces. Looking at the bottom here in particular, you can see that
this is a cast surface and because Ruger is good at this, they don't need to do as much finish
machining as a lot of other companies would. People with less experience and less
expertise in this type of manufacturing would have to do a lot more finish machining. Ruger's got this down really well, and that
allows them to keep their costs way down. The whole operating rod assembly here is cast,
although it looks like they've used weld to reinforce this joint, which is probably a wise decision. That's
obviously going to be the weak part of this component. But most of this doesn't require any finish machining,
you know, the outside profile of this block for example, it doesn't matter if it's within a thousandth of an inch
of spec because it doesn't interact with anything. It doesn't need to be. So you can save a lot of
money by loosening the spec on something like this, casting it, don't bother with any finish machining.
In fact you can see a seam line on there, right here. And you know, your part's much more rapid to manufacture.
If you're trying to market this to people who are really, well, I could say snobby, or I
could say really particular about wanting a very highly finished firearm,
then OK fine, they're not gonna really like this. But if you're trying to market this to a much broader
audience of people who want a gun that will work and don't really care about how the insides look,
well, this becomes a much more enticing option. The surfaces back here where the
cam track is controlling bolt movement, those do require better precision,
and so those are finished machined. You can really get a feel for this in
the fire control groups as well. So our M14 fire control group (or M1A fire control group),
every piece in here is elaborately machined. Which is fine, that's great, that makes a good
product, but it is time consuming and expensive. These guys in the Mini-14, pretty much every
component in here is cast and it's a lot quicker to make. And so surfaces that require finish
machining, like the sear interfaces here, those get it. The ones that don't require it, don't get it. I think this is a good example of, like, the 80/20 rule. 20% of the effort will get you 80% of the results in most
things. And of course in design and manufacturing everything is a trade-off and a compromise.
And so Ruger has deliberately looked at, "How do we minimise the amount of work
required, without sacrificing too much quality, in order to get a gun that is reliable and effective
and will meet the needs of a very wide audience, everyone from private civilians to security, law
enforcement agencies, and even some military agencies." And they've obviously come up with a winning solution, not
just here in the Mini-14, but in a wide variety of their products. Hopefully, hardcore fans of the show will have enjoyed taking
a look at some of the technical elements here of the Mini-14. I think ... hopefully what we have here is a little bit of a different
line of discussion than what you normally see about these rifles. And hopefully you guys enjoyed it
and got something interesting out of it. These rifles are both, of course,
coming up for sale here at Rock Island. It's not like Mini-14s are hard to come by but
these are both actually pretty cool examples: a pre-ban stainless steel folding stock
model, and a provenanced Texas Ranger gun. So if you'd like to take a look at the
catalogue pages for either of these, hit up the description text below. You'll
find a link there to ForgottenWeapons.com and on the Forgotten Weapons blog post with this video
you'll find links to both catalogue pages for these two rifles. Those have their pictures, Rock Island's descriptions,
their price estimates, and all that sort of stuff. Thanks for watching.
