The Making of Paris, Part 6: From the Belle Époque Through World War II (1871-1945)

right huh yeah I'm recording for so you good to go I'm going to make until the host time I'm just out and about so that's about seducing my kids taking me a little more and then you in fact I'll stay the host on my I need to be able to share my screen and I can't can't show your screen right to me when I push share Spain its most post disabled right now screen right now that's not work I think are we are we recording I'm recording it okay here we go thank you so this week we're gonna be talking about Paris from the belly book would everyone please meet nude everyone please everyone please mute and turn off the video shoo okay so we're gonna be talking about this roughly seventy five year period between one war with Germany the franco-prussian war that ended in 1871 and a third war with Germany ended in 1945 and was punctuated by the First World War of course we're gonna talk about the bail a book which preceded the First World War I'm gonna more or less divided into two parts one part is the part that was devoted more or less to repairing the damage caused by the commune and the second and completing projects that had been initiated by Usman and the bullying the third and then the second part of the belly book is what everyone turned on mute because there's some reverberation if it can't be done man if it can't be done by Jill as host or Andrew as host please individually there are some people claudette you are not on mute for example you're not on you so and the second part of the daily talk is more or less after at 1881 and everything really opened 1889 and it really opened up after 1889 so just to resume where we kind of left off at the last week with his prefect Othman presided over a period of extraordinary growth in Paris largely driven by industrialization but also by the annexation in 1860 which doubled the size of Paris and added 400,000 people to the population of Paris from the eleven surrounding suburbs that were annexed in 1860 and resulted in the current system of 20 out on these long that we all know today during that second empire an extraordinary number of passe within a sea were constructed both in the old part of course and especially in the annex part of Paris to connect it with a central part of the city and along virtually all of those piace were built in modos manana with their very distinctive style in fact they were not all that different from the proposed manya but one one tell that's actually quite useful to know is that you'll see in a most money on building the shutters fold flat on the sides of the window so you can't see the shutters there either metal or wooden whereas prey boosts manana the shutters live flat against the facade of the building and you can very clearly see that difference if you go down the Rue du Pont when we keep right at the on the left bank at the end of the route of the phony fleet which was built by ROM butoh and very much you know in a very consistent style which shows exactly this this type of building the building's pre ammonia and ammonia were very different from the way people lived before it actually apartment building started to be built in Paris starting at the end of the 19th 18th century and this is a cutaway of one of the bill things from pre aslan paris whether it could be for on paris as well and it shows at the ground floor the the shopkeepers the second floor the the wealthy who live on the eighth has no the third fourth and also fifth floors other bourgeois who were doing rather well and at the top floor the domestics who work for the people below or other so it was a bit of a microcosm of society in each boesemani and building very different for example from what was going on in England in London at the same time where most people lived in terraced houses individual houses and the rich tended to live in one area and the poor tended to live in another area thanks to this system most mining system there was much more mixing of the social classes Paris before the siege and the commune and then Paris during lessons on glunk where the communit fire two important public buildings all across the city and that's where we left it last week so Louis Mon was fired in 1878 and he was replaced by his right-hand man I'd go out fall who had been in charge of parks primarily during the Johan period but he was made director they traveled up I he he did not replace us mine as prefect of the Sun but he did replace him as the man responsible for building works in Paris for the next twenty years and during that 20 years he devoted himself to number one repairing the damage caused by the commune and number two continuing projects that had been initiated under the Second Empire so the hotel Divina which had been completely burned out and was a shell was rebuilt over a 10-year period it's actually big than the original version but it very much followed the design of the original the Renaissance design of Boca door in this the new version the coup de casa see on the brand new quarter cassia had been burnt out at the western end of the and the northern gate of the youth Alesi day and that was repaired on the other side of the Eagle se TAFE from the kudo-kai session is the KDF EV and I'll show you what it looked like before and after so this is the west end near the plus da Fein where actually the pre Victor de police was housed and in these old buildings and it's looking further down the K T's are fed towards notre-dame and you can see it's all over buildings still all of that was replaced basically by two giant buildings the first one on the Left which houses Chauncey's Katie's FF the famous one sees Katie's FF built in 1875 1880 and then twenty-five years later the tribunal correctional was built at the eastern end one of the KDS FF with its faux tower to mimic the Tour de la douleur Lodge on the other side of the ether less each day the Vaughn dome column that had been pulled down was rebuilt it was the second column but it was the fourth statue of Napoleon this time as Caesar and that is still standing the Palais de lui was cuffed to shell and in the distance you can see the Obregon yay it was still standing in 1878 seven years after the commune but it was ultimately demolished in 1882 creating the structure that we know today where it's open-ended between the palace and the genomic jewelry the enormous palador say that had been built under Louie Philippe was demolished much later in 1898 and in its place was built Lagasse perhaps the most impressive project or certainly one of the most impressive projects that this man started but did not finish was the Omaha which is no doubt the Obregon is is no doubt the most impressive and most notable of all the buildings built during the owes money and era but what is sometimes not fully appreciated is that the Opera Garnier is part of an architectural ensemble which actually took eighteen years to complete it certainly Obregon yay is the centerpiece but it's there are three other very important architectural elements that all go together so the Oprah Gagne under construction finally finished took 14 years to finish it there were a few interruptions along the way notably because of the commune at the same time as the Opera was built the square the post aloha was constructed in front of it the next element was to build the avenue napoleon but as you can see here from this wonderful picture looking from the rooftop of the opera the avenue napoleon didn't get very far before construction came to a screeching halt with the end of the second empire the arrow points to the truss a of where the Avenue Napoleon was supposed to be built which required showing this is a totally different angle but what's interesting here is it just shows you the streets and the buildings that were in its path of the Avenue Napoleon and had to be expropriated to build the Avenue and some of its neighboring streets finally work resumed on the Avenue in 1876 from both ends you can see the Opera in the distance there further away now until finally the Avenue de l'Opera was the name was changed from that and that bullion to DeLuca in 1870 1873 because of course the second empire anything to do with Napoleon was out of favor under Republican Paris and it took another two years to complete the Avenue meaning that it took two years to build all of the Magnificent emus Nanyang that align the Avenue de l'Opera and much as the Rue du Pont Philippe perfectly epitomizes the epitomizes the previous money in architecture the Avenue de l'Opera perfectly epitomizes the owes money in architecture it's about a half a mile long 30 about a hundred feet wide a magnificent Avenue which fulfilled the rule of a son that he wanted perspective before any important monument and the this postcard shows something that is also sometimes a little appreciated which is at the bottom of the Avenue it just doesn't peter out it is anchored by what was originally called the plastic teeth francais but is now called the plus Andre Malraux these two lovely fountains at the southern end of the diagonal Avenue de l'Opera which is still in a vertical condition today and an Avenue in Paris is basically a one of the ways to define it is that avenues all are lined by trees except the Avenue de l'Opera and that is because Garnier didn't want any trees to interfere with the view of his magnificent Opera House and was fun wasn't there to object and he so Gagne prevailed this is my single favorite photo of the OL solve our architectural because it shows not just the Avenue and the square but it shows you areas surrounding the Opera House and the square and it's remarkable geometric shape its diamond shape it's it's fascinating to see the horizontal here the diagonal lines here the rounded buildings that went into making this perfect square there are one of many one of a dozen magnificent squares in Paris built by Osman so the roadworks did not stop with the Second Empire they continued and in blue you can see that there are a lot more major roads peps a built during the third in the third Republic and I'm not going to go through them all but you can see here that many of the most famous avenues and boulevards that we know today were built during the third republic after islam departed so on the political front what happened after the commune well in 1872 building began on a busy leak to sacré-coeur the Basilica of the Sacred Heart to expiate the crimes of the commune the following year France actually was able to finish paying off its war indemnity to Germany that it had agreed to pay in the peace treaty signed in Versailles in February 1871 three payments totaling five billion francs which were financed by two domestic bond issues in 72 and 73 the five billion francs was equal to 2.5 times the national budget of France or 25 percent of the annual GDP at that time which amounted to the largest transfer of money from one country to another in history as a percentage of GDP and then two more to kind of bring close to the commune the Third Republic in 1880 granted a general amnesty related to all events due to the commune the commune and at the same time the kept Rea was designated as the national holiday of France it is interesting to note that the kept OREA did not which is commonly known as best you today did not celebrate the taking of the Bastille on the 14th of July 1789 but rather the fete de la Vega a song of the first anniversary of the taking on the first anniversary of the taking of the Bastille which took place on the shona Mars and was attended by a staggering 400 to 600 thousand Parisians plus another 100,000 Fedele who made the trip from the provinces to see Louie says swear an oath to support the country anybody who's travelled walks through Paris constantly sees this signed a Falstaff ishe do I do that enough that was a law of the liberty freedom of press and that among other things they put in there that a law said post no bills on any public buildings you can only publish official notices on public buildings so you will continue to see even today this sign D for stuffy shade so as I mentioned the bezel DQ sacre-coeur construction was started in 1872 but it wasn't finished until 1914 this is a picture of a kind of halfway the construction halfway through 1895 so the Billy Pope period in fact was the beginning of what's known as Republican France the Third Republic whereas the first two republics were extremely short-lived very briefly during a revolution and then 1848 to 1851 the Third Republic lasted from 1871 until the German occupation and the VC government in 1940 and it was characterized by a number of points the aristocracy had to move aside the bourgeoisie became the dominant social class in France and the three estates of the ancien régime namely the clergy the aristocracy and the commoners were replaced by the bourgeoisie the petite bourgeoisie and the class movie heir and society was focused now on not your birth right but meritocracy built on education and largely that can be credited to zu ferry who served both as Minister of Education and the later as Prime Minister and President he was in politics for a good long time and he's most famous for his laws what are called the Jew ferry laws of 1881 and 1882 that made primary education in France free like the church was no longer responsible for education it was a non clerical education and mandatory so on the cultural front a mere three years after the commune and the destruction it wrought the first of eight impressionist exhibitionist was held and in 1878 the third Universal exhibition was held there was one in 1855 which was the instigation for the groom quasi then there was one in 1867 that we didn't really talk about and now there is this this one in 1878 81 in 1867 took place on the Shoah Mars and so did this one in 1878 and the sing the keep the perhaps the centerpiece of this one was this wonderful wedding cake of a structure a more structure called a Pelle - took it all built on the plastic okay they're all in the sixteenth armies now opposite the where is now standing the Eiffel Tower none of the buildings unfortunately from the 1855 1867 or 1878 exhibitions exist a number of public works project took place during this time - apart from finishing a man's job and one of them was the construction of the enormous post office on the rue de louvre and you can this we're pointing to it here this giant structure is the largest post office in France and you can see that it too was just part of an ensemble and all of these dark roads had to be passe in order to create this plot the route Ozerov was renamed the route in Marcel in 1881 and you can see that it abuts in the plus baby toire and all these changes you can see this that they're one one two three four so one new road and this can more or less be considered a new road on the top and then the two other roads were widened so fundamentally disfiguring frankly the plasti Victoire which had a much more uniform circle before these constructions took place this is the child you Louvre which closed a decade or more ago it was unique because you can actually post letters there 24 hours a day in addition to being simply the the largest post office and mail distribution center in France so right down the street the Rue du Louvre which was PSA in order to create that lock for the post office just down the street a little bit to the south was the battle blade which had been built rebuilt by Napoleon well it was rebuilt again to create the bourse to come s wonderful round building soon to reopen as the peano exhibition space other public works projects that went on the construction of the gigantic Sorbonne campus of the University of Paris along the Rue saint-jacques and the Rue de they called and that's the start along the route days they called houses what's known as a pellet of academia from dipali which is quite magnificent and it can be visited on Saturday mornings if you sign up in advance once all of this coated 19 business is over and in there is where you will find for example this wonderful portrait of Cardinal Russia who was not only a student of the school but also was its probe easily its principal preemies our other public works projects the garlotte Galerie des ROG was built in those odd and a prompt remodeled to make the Grand Gallery the LEvolution the GAR Salazar that we know was built and the museum a was built as a museum on the plasti aina on the 16th out on these mom one of the most notable things that happened during this period before 1889 which is the second half of the Betty Pope was the death of Victor Hugo now Hugo was a famous not only a great writer but it was also very politically involved and was actually in the National serving in the National Assembly during the Second Republic and when Napoleon the third stage his coup d'etat to take become first council Hugo was outraged and went into self-exile in the Channel Islands Jersey then Guernsey he returned to Paris after the Napoleon the third was gone and was agitated for the rest of his life to the point that when he died in 1885 he was given a state funeral the likes of which had never been seen maybe since the burial of Napoleon the first remains in the église and Damocles his casket was put on a structure called a captive captive Phalke below this shows a tease a and then was transported in a cortege down the shoulders of these a all the way to the pantheon accompanied by two million Frenchmen his remains were laid to rest in the pantheon which had actually started out as a church when it was built by Lee says Louie counsel he says it was intended to be the Aggies son Jim view during the Revolution it was turned into a mausoleum for the great men of France and a number of revolutionary figures were buried there then after the Revolution it became a church and I went back and forth a couple of times and finally in 1881 it was made into an official mount mausoleum once again but Victor Hugo was the first man to be built buried there in 50 years so is more or less the the re dubbing of the pantheon as a temple of great men Marie cuvee was the first woman to be buried there in 1995 so this begins the second part of the what I call the the the heart of the belly book from 1889 to 1914 which was characterized by a departure from this money in yzma it was mine yzma in many ways and perhaps best characterized by laravel which was the name of a art gallery created by the german french exhibitor art collector and seller seek free Bing you called his store the Maison de la nouveau in 1895 things started to loosen up big-time in 1889 the Moulin Rouge opened in pika featuring la Gullu dancing the tin can can as picked it by re de toulouse-lautrec in this characteristic poster an artist flooded into momot about the god in particular labbett Olivar which was consisted of 20 different studios where famous artists later famous artists located but 1889 was perhaps most famous certainly most famous for the exposition we neither said which celebrated 100 years since the revolution it took place once again on the shonda mass and of course it's highlight was the Eiffel Tower the Foundation's first iron work in the distance you can still see the Palais de Toledo took two years two months and five days to build the Eiffel Tower 1060 three feet tall it was twice as tall as the next tallest structure at that time which was the Washington Monument which had been completed in 1888 and as you can see it's it's the this highlight of a very crowded showing them ours so us man yzma it was one of the one of its defining characteristics was the ileenium all the buildings had to be lined up in a row all on the street all of the balconies had to line up a lot of the the rooftops had to line up there was an extraordinary the fellow was very linear a lot of people did not like that and finally after 40 years the align Alamos manana was done away with and it seeded the place to what was known as the Peter esque style the picturesque style where each building stood on its own and the idea was to have variety and you did not have to take into consideration that your what your neighboring building looked like so much one of the streets that best characterizes this style is the showings of these a depicted in this photo also the blue varas by are supposed to be that perhaps the two best examples of the picturesque style of architecture in Paris an engineer named Anna beak developed a new way of building buildings instead of building with stone has it been done in the past or he used reinforced concrete baked on are may in what was known as the C stem and a beak and he built his this building as the headquarters for his company entirely made of reinforced concrete including all of the moldings here so you didn't have to carve the stone anymore you could actually just pour concrete into a mold and completely transfer it was cheaper and faster to build this way in the 1890s English chic hit Paris one one three examples the old England men's store that was located on the ground floor of the Grand Hotel depicted in this photograph on the blue Vardy kept you seen and the roof scream arrived and it's stayed in that location 1886 to 2011 finally closed in 2011 Maxine's on the rue de la paix Phuket's on the oven additionals of these a they were spell with an apostrophe s and pronounced in the English fashion when they were created on the cultural front the wonderful place you don't know the Bears arachnoid won't roast on premiere that they tap the Laporte Samata less nobly the affair that i thought dave was rocked France for 12 years finally Zola wrote his famous letter J'Accuse which mobilize public opinion and ultimately ended in very foolish being reinstated in the Army after the scandalous imprisonment things reached a peak in the bid a book with the exposition you guys said of 1900 the fair and in 78 had 16 million visitors in 68 sorry 78 16 million in 89 32 million in 1950 million visitors came it was huge not only to fulfill the entire shauna mass but it in fact it filled the entire Esplanade days on the lead and the case between them as well as on the right bank the area in front of the palais de tokyo and the area opposite the Esplanade exactly that you'll see in a minute the entrance the formal entrances on the Place de la Concorde colorized version again the plus of the Shana Marsh was completely jammed with pavilions but the Palais de Tokyo Darrow was still standing from the 1878 flare fair along the left bank between the pond Deana and the ponies on the lead what was what was known as the Katie Ness song here you see pictures of the bateau mouche in fact the pepto moosh began in 1867 and the name moosh comes from the shipyard where they were constructed outside Lew Lyon well left bank with three pavilions Belgium Norway and Germany so the idea is to do something very typical and traditional and they were all temporary you could travel around on a rolling sidewalk to speeds the Pont Alexandre was a gift from the Russian Tsar to Paris at this time under construction completed it looks totally different from every other bridge in Paris it is in fact modeled on a much larger version of the same bridge in st. Petersburg the view down screen downstream with the Kadena snow on the left and the view of the Grand Palais on the Petit Palais both of which were constructed for the Exposition of 1900 so it was basically this is the beginning of time when when all that's left from the exhibition of 1889 is the Eiffel Tower and all its but a number of buildings are left from the exhibition of 1900 certainly the quad-a in the Petit Palais the shona mas this is a view of it with the Palais de Leite gcta in front of the Ecole Militaire it the space that it covers is gigantic much larger than it is today and that is because it was much larger than it is today the shona Mars in the arrows are pointing to these lightly shaded areas on either side of the shona Mars they were in fact subdivide and sold and sub debate subdivided by the city of Paris in 1907 the roads that are alongside the shona marks the smaller roads not the Avenue de la Bourdonnais over here which was already existing or not the avenue to sue friend and the 15th out on these ma on the left but these two these streets were built in 1907 and over the next 20 years all the wonderful hotel particular a were built alongside them unlike the traditional hotel particularly a however they do not follow the format of cool lu zhi zhuo down because they had a very large garden right behind them other buildings built for the exhibition legatos a took travelers right to the center of Paris regardez I believe even closer there was in fact an annex of the fair out in there so I think it was a they might have been Olympic Games I'm not sure in any event the first metro line in Paris was built in 1900 their line one that goes from the river river from the plus tallit well to the besties and beyond this is the Rue de Rivoli parents was fortunate because Osmond had built these great piace so they were wide and straight and so to build the subways they basically just took up the street and built the subway right underneath them much more complicated than London which did not have these wide honey and boulevards to build so they actually had to tunnel they also started their metro system about 30 years earlier than Paris the line one now the route of ovary south Antoine you can see that the colon de gea in the distance at the Place de la Bastille between 1900 1910 there 1914 there were 10 more subway lines completed including one that will stop at the in front of the Opera the plus Sammy share among others Hector Jamar designed the iconic are Nouveau subway entrances at that time which many of which still are standing thank goodness our Nouveau is represented in the architecture in many ways and including in the architecture of individual buildings most prominently in the seventh and sixteen thousand he's not there is a building built by the engineers you Lavi wrote on the Avenue wrap right near the American Library which is an amazingly organic are Nouveau structure the meson days are on on the Rudy Shan DeMars very soon thereafter the very first Art Deco building in Paris was built the temptation was in each day more did not follow until after the war but this was the first one and right after it opened literally months after a month or so after it opened it it held the premiere of the Rite of Spring by Igor Stravinsky performed by the Ballet Russe choreographed by Nijinsky and it caused a scandal same here the first of seven volumes of Marcel Truths seven epic in search of lost time sometimes translated as no remembrance of things past was published Proust spent all of us lived all of his life in Paris in the eighth I only smell interestingly the last years in 102 with Arles mine where he wrote in a court lined room the end of the Belle époque also saw the height of the construction of the were known in French as Gua magazine department stores the department store arguably was invented by aresty boo Seco who opened a Beaumarchais on the left bank on a Rue de sèvres pie in 1869 and his model was followed by subsequently the magnificent store on the blue Atlas line right behind the Opera with its characteristic circular corner kind of tower corner with a dome on it built in 1909 the gallery Lafayette also on the boo Louis man enormous was built the current one was built in 1912 unless mi ten enough the original store was built in 1910 there was an addition in 1928 which is what you can see from the K so this our new our deco building was built in 1928 but the in 1910 the our Nouveau section that you can see on the right here was built this picture is from last November and the bazar de l'hotel de vida the right opposite the hotel review with its magnificent dome was built in 1913 it was during this period in 1914 in 1930 actually that the shows it is a was kind of reached its its peak it was the place to go for shopping and entertainment there were showrooms for car makers there were famous cinemas in addition to cafes it was really the place to be during that period in the 1930s offices started to move in and it lost a lot of its charm other major buildings built before the war the hotel Lutetia on the Bucharest by which was magnificently renovated 1910 not long not crew crew flood so when you walk around Paris and you see buildings plaques it's a cruise Jovian in 1910 those indicate the level that the water the floodwaters reached the highest level that the floodwaters reached in the great flood of 1910 and in light blue here is indicated just how far the floodwaters extended they went all the way up to the gar Salazar and the guard Leon near the guard Leon you have the Avenue Lulu Rolla the rue de ser leads the Avenue domain een all underwater we got a semi shells flooded and now we're gonna kind of travel downstream with with the flood this is what the full enough look like unless I might n is in the background but not obviously the Art Deco side facade with a whole new car said the Rue du Bac picture from ruski dupaire home the routine you got CJ in front of the Kato I say the guard or say one days out of a lead the Zouave so on the pounce on the llama this is the old phone dilemma there are four soldiers on in front of each of the pilings and the Zouave I hope I pointed to the right guy well that's one of them was used as a way to measure the height of the sin and the Zouave as you can see is pretty underwater he's up to his shoulders here this is the same guy and the exposition universelle in 1855 well out of the water as you can see so it reached the 28 feet above normal during the grant great flood of January in 1910 it more or less receded during the month of February and was gone by March the bridge was changed but they kept the zoo up he's the only one of the four soldiers that's still there and he's not quite at the same height but nevertheless as recently as two years ago the Sun was threatening to overflow once again the reason why the floodwaters reached as far as the gar Salazar was because this dotted line shows the ancient route of the send the leap the riverbed of the sin in the old days and we're talking a thousands of years ago went all the way out here which is why this area was flooded and known as the my marshy area for so long and it's still exposed to flooding even with the higher end bank embankments here is the River B eV which comes out around the guard those their elites there was a channel cut off here that went down here here to the to provide water to the a beta Sundy Toa that's not on a map and that's why the root of Y of is here because that's where the channel of the root of B EV was where meter on had his flat but the principal river was here and it unfortunately became completely unhealthy and unsanitary because there were tanneries located in some ourselves a suburb of Samar so which would dump their refuse into the river and gradually over between 1877 1912 it was covered over and is totally covered over now world war one arrived 1914 to 1918 1.4 million french died in the ghastly trench warfare the germans devised a big gun known as the Paris gun or gross about the which had a barrel an enormous barrel 112 feet long and a range of 75 miles which they fired towards the end of the war on Paris causing some damage most famously during a Christmas service on Good Friday a shell fell on the Agricenter of a simple day killing 91 and wounding 68 but basically Paris survived World War one unscathed the period the two wars not a lot of construction went on here but Paris was the cultural capital of the world and fun capital of the world even though construction of the sacre-coeur was finished in 1912 it wasn't consecrated until 1919 this is a 1909 photo in 1921 the population of Paris reached its all-time peak ironically since it was right after a war of 2.9 million that's the Green Line down here you can see that there are a lot of people ever since the 1870s really who started to move out of Paris and the suburbs outside the TRF fortification fashions changed the young American Josephine Baker headlined at the Folie Bergere Ernest Hemingway F scott Fitzgerald other American writers and artists moved to move on us and the artists like Picasso left momot to join them the action was on the bull arm upon us the literary cafe par excellence was the Cafe du dum which it was the first cafe to open there in 1898 la Coupole Brasserie and another favorite hangout was lot closer adayla which was older but it became very popular during the 1920s during the pre-war period there were a staggering number of deaths from tuberculosis and a turn it was determined that 40 percent of the deaths people who died lived in 6.5 percent of the buildings and in 1920 the health authorities identified 17 yellow a solute or unsanitary zones where the greatest outbreaks had occurred most of them were in the mine and there was a low solute number one so locally you say this is the beginning of urban planning time City Planning and the architect Laura Courvoisier he proposed a plan to the city of Paris which would take care of the Illinois salud by raising the entire Maya and replacing it with these skyscrapers fortunately it didn't happen but what did happen was that the e Louis a loop number one was totally razed and created what was known as the plateau boo boo which remained like this for the next 40 years perhaps the most important development of the period between the two wars was that Paris started and wealth during the 10-year period demolished the tiara fortification that had been built been built in the 1840s remember it was enormous you had the fortification itself which is on the right you had a moat in front of it and a glass see for I don't know 200 meters or something like that sloping down beyond it which was not supposed to be constructed on this is the Porte de Versailles and you can even actually see this little area here you can see how wide the area between the what is now that move are they my show and the blue of our para freak all around this the entire room of Paris has opened up a vast new area for construction after the wall and surroundings were demolished so just a shot of the wall on the left the moat and then glassy with construction aren't they a lot of construction did occur on the glassy and the the what was known as the zone the worst of the zone was in the north and this is what it looked like in San Juan it was obviously just [Music] poor desperate habitations so it was demolished port the port de Versailles well Porte de Versailles we all know it as being the exposition exposition shunter that can wear exhibitions are held well it actually started that way once they demolish the wall there is the the flutter potty which it actually started some years earlier but it moved to the Porte de Versailles in 1924 it is the largest fair general-purpose fair in Europe and it moved to this was before this was just I'm not quite sure where this is it might have been on the shona Mars but it moved to the Porte de Versailles and then gradually the Porte de Versailles developed more and more as a part days exposition and which is what it is today and here on the right you see the boulevard pear freak and here on the left you see the blue bar they might show so this entire very wide span some four hundred yards or more all around the entire perimeter of Paris was opened up for development which took place over decades all right one of the first things built in that space is the seat eight universitaire seat a antenna unique a seat air this is where the boudoir pair for each now stands and this is the boulevard they marry show please mute that's where the CTU is located right next to the park mostly so the exposition universelle in 1937 back over shana morrison although it's a narrower Sean the Mars the Eiffel Tower is still there but the valley to token arrow hit the dust and it was replaced by the Palais de Chaillot in front of the Palais de Chaillot there were two pavilions of note left you had the Nazi pavilion and on the right the Soviet would someone please mute so once the affair was over the pavilions were removed and the Palais de Chaillot was converted into museum space it currently houses the seat 18:1 musee de la marine and music also constructed for the 1937 exhibition was the palais de tokyo can you mute this person it's Andrew oh well Andrew bleep you calling him I'm calling him good oh he's muted now it's okay good June oh so now shortly after the exhibition the Second World War German occupation began on June 17th June fourteenth nineteen forty six days later here a mere six days later Hitler made his why don't you visit to Paris okay arriving a six in the morning leaving a few hours later we had a quick tour around Paris his favorite building was the Opera the third republic came to an end and the Vichy government took over the hotel's decree on served as the headquarters of the German High Command and the hotel Lutetia as the headquarters of the table there the German intelligence service again not much construction but there was demolition yellow I salute you know a 16 was demolished this is a picture of the fourth hour on these Monomoy this here is the Rue de Rivoli which becomes the Rue sent on toin and when you visit them are you are always impressed by the wonderful architecture north of the Russa Moton Wan but often times if you go south of the Rue saint-antoine you'll be surprised by how much modern architecture there is and that's because that was where the evil an email says was located so this shows the e lo the green sections were owned by the city the pink were going to be preserved and they're not many of those the yellow was going to be expropriated and most of that most of the yellow was demolished as is reflected in this picture the arrow points to the stretch along the Rue de Chavannes on both which was demolished and cool photo shows a before-and-after and once they demolished the the buildings alongside that Street they discovered this 80 meters 200 60 foot long stretch of the few EcoBoost wall by far the largest surviving remnant of the 12 the fini bogus wall from 1200 is Paris burning happily general chelates disobeyed Hitler's order to burn Paris and it survived it was liberated by American and French troops Charles de Gaulle famously walked on the shoals of these a braving sniper fire on August 26th Paris was liberated May 8th 1945 victory of in Europe de France was liberated the war was over the taunt gloria's began and we will talk about the next 30 years after that right up until they until today next week same time same place thank you very much

Channel: FrenchLibrary

Views: 5,245

Keywords: french, history, french history, wwii, paris

Id: 6S61i8VIgcY

Length: 67min 16sec (4036 seconds)

Published: Fri Jun 19 2020