The Largest Objects in the Universe

today we're going to embark on a journey through the vast expanse of the universe so join me as we explore the five largest objects in the observable universe from the red giant Jupiter with its 400 mile per hour winds to the newly discovered arconius a super Galaxy estimated to be half a million times more massive than our Milky Way so get ready for it out of this world Adventure let's jump in foreign the red giants now today's episode could be a nice and straightforward list of the five biggest Galactic clusters but that would be a bit boring and repetitive there's only so many ways to describe what a group of galaxies look like and I'd like you to watch this video to the end because watch time's important for me so instead we're going to be coming through four objects which are the largest in the category of object that they fall into until we get to the single biggest object in the universe because I don't want to disappoint you since the earliest days of amateur astronomy our eyes have been drawn to the red giant which dominate the night sky are Marvel so great that the Romans named it after the king of the Gods the master of the sky Jupiter when we think of the galactic record Breakers we don't get to think of our own backyard as their homes but in truth Jupiter is very nearly the largest planet we've ever discovered capable of fitting the entire Earth inside it over 130 times this makes it so massive that its gravitational pull is actually slowly stealing our own moon away from us moving it towards the Giant at a rate of about three centimeters each year so it's not going very quickly despite that they do come bigger in 2013 scientists discovered a true Goliath located 440 light years away in the office Arcus constellation orbiting the star rocks 42b there they found the gas hypergiant rocks 42bb this Behemoth is 2.5 times the diameter of Jupiter and estimated to have a mass nine times of the red giant it has pushed what scientists believe to be the uppermost limits of what a planet could be so how did a planet that big ever form well in short we have no idea now we do know that rocks 42bb the catchy name there is an extreme Stellar object in more cases than just its size it's five times further from its star than Pluto is from our sun and it takes about 2 000 years to complete a single orbit this is ultimately LED scientists to conclude that rocks 42bb was not always destined to be a planet but instead it is actually meant to be a star that simply failed to ignite Jupiter is estimated to have winds that regularly reach 400 miles per hour and it's estimated The Rock's 42 BB has winds that reach four times that amount scientists also believe that due to its immense size rocks 42 BB may have an entire asteroid belt within its atmosphere it's also been modeled that the planet May produce so much heat that it might be possible to live on one of its hundreds of moons to put this in perspective if Rock's 42bb was put in the same place as Jupiter we would see an orb about half the size of the moon in the sky each night and its gravitational pull would be enough to affect our tides and cause worldwide tsunamis yet still those numbers absolutely pale in comparison with what is coming up number two the dog dethroned [Music] [Applause] 1.2 kilo parsecs from Earth or 3900 light years is the gargantuan ball of burning plasma named VY Canis Majoris located in the constellation of Canis Major aka the big dog it was first discovered in 1801 and was quickly identified to be one of the brightest of all stars in the night sky this led many scientists to believe that it would be all one of the biggest stars that we'd ever discover when science Advanced enough to measure it we discovered that Canis Majoris is 1420 times the diameter of our sun this means that if the center of this Leviathan was placed in the center of our star its outer Corona would reach past Jupiter and if you were to travel around the surface of this monster at the speed of light it would take you six minutes to circumnavigate it at the speed of light this is compared to a moderate 14 seconds for our sun on discovery of how giant VY canoras May major is scientists were beyond belief it pushed what was known as the Hayashi limit this was a theory that no star could ever exceed three billion times the volume of our sun or it would collapse in on itself vui Kanis Majoris measures in at about 2.7 billion times our son's volume so it's bloody close the haishi Limit Oh is the stern belief of astrophysicist until 2012. oh and a star that would Eclipse even VY Canis Majoris was discovered as found by the extremely scientifically named very large telescope or VLT were not joking located in Chile roughly 9500 light years from Earth the star u y Scotty always re-cataloged located in the scutum constellation the star was not new to astronomers but original estimates of its size had always been based on its relatively low Luminosity at about 900 times the size of our sun it was only when the VLT took a closer look that it was discovered that Scotty actually measures in at roughly 1708 times the diameter of our sun which means that it isn't only far greater in size than v y Kane is Majoris but that it smashes the previously cemented Hayashi limit to bits for comparison if UI scarty was placed at the same point as our own sun it's outer Corona would not only engulf Jupiter but it would also engulf Uranus Neptune and even Pluto it is unknown how scutty achieved its absolutely insane size but there is one thing we know it is not stable in fact scientists anticipate that both UI Scotty and the Y Canis Majoris May in all reality be long dead already the extreme size of both means that at this end of their lives rather than collapsing relatively harmlessly into a neutron star it's expected that each star will let out the most violent explosions in the universe supernovae since it takes nearly 4 000 years for flight from VY Canis Majoris and nearly 9 000 years for light from uy scooty to reach us it's of the belief of most scientists that this has already happened and that when the light eventually does reach us it will be like a second sun in the sky luckily though apart from lighting up our night scientists have also agreed that we are likely outside of the range of any dangerous parts of the Supernova although when it comes to the size of stars they've also been wrong on that before number three the cosmic Giant alchemius oh is the name in Greek mythology for the king of all Giants he was said to be capable of stepping over even the mightiest mountain or squashing the gods themselves between his feet fittingly the largest singular Cosmic object ever discovered shares his name it's located 1.1 gigapas x or 3.5 billion light years from Earth and that's where we can find this absolutely Titanic Galaxy of course this means that the light we're currently seeing of this galaxy is older than life on Earth so just how big is alchiorius well to explain that we first must put it into perspective so let's start with home the Milky Way our galaxy is roughly 52 000 light years from one side to the other so then let's have a look at our closest neighbor the Andromeda galaxy the same galaxy that in roughly 100 million years time is going to crash into our own so we've got that to look forward to Andromeda is roughly a hundred thousand light years from one Edge to the other and it is the largest galaxy in what we call the local group the galactic cluster that we find ourselves in and while we're at it is worth noting that our Galactic cluster is only about 10 million light years from one Edge to the other alchemius on the other hand well it's 16 million light years from one end to the other meaning that if it was in the same place as our own Galaxy it would take up our entire local group on its own as a common theme to this list scientific questioned how alchionis is capable of sustaining such an unbelievable size the answer being that at its core there must be one of the largest black holes to have ever been observed it's been estimated by scientists that the black hole at the center of this galaxy is about 500 000 times more massive than our own already supermassive black hole of course that's not to mention that the Galaxy was only discovered in 2022 thanks to the brand new low frequency array or low far one of the newest most advanced radio telescope arrays on the entire planet as such scientists predicted that as we look deeper into space we're probably likely to find more massive galaxies this is not to mention the questions that alchemius raises light from the Galaxy is 3.5 billion years old and eight of the 10 largest galaxies ever discovered are over 2.5 billion Liars away so why haven't we found any super galaxies anywhere near us according to the theory of the Big Bang matter should be distributed equally Across the Universe but that isn't what we've seen instead we've seen a concentration of hyper galaxies only in the far depths of the universe this has led to some theories that there is some great Cosmic Force preventing galaxies forming like that anymore some Force which ripped all the mighty galaxies apart number four you're going to need a bigger telescope still at this point we find ourselves faced with a philosophical question what exactly is an object is a Galaxy an object or is it a collection of much smaller objects and if so then what's bigger than a Galaxy and does it count as an object this is where we reach Galactic clusters groups of galaxies which rotate around each other in mysterious ways and by mysterious we really do mean mysterious we still don't know what makes Galactic clusters form yeah gravity is a potential answer but are we look into deep space the one common thing we see is that everything is moving away except for the things in our own galacto cluster and we actually see the same with other Galactic clusters they are not ripping themselves apart but rather they're racing towards each other while moving away from us this makes no sense how can galaxies in a cluster be attracted to each other while at the same time racing away from other clusters either way this mystery only deepened with the discovery of the Great Wall the Hercules Corona Borealis Great Wall is located 4.5 billion light years away from Earth in the constellations of Hercules Corona Lyra booties and Draco it can be found just beyond a piece of space known as the great void notable for being almost completely empty and we'll come back to that later the gray wall is a collection of some of the oldest galaxies that we've ever discovered including several of the largest ever found with alkianias being on the wrong side of the great void to not be counted as part of it scientists have absolutely no clue how it formed and its existence denies ideas like gravity forming Galactic clusters due to its sheer size how big is it well 10 billion light years from one Edge to the other for comparison the observable universe is only 93 billion light years in diameter meaning it takes up one-ninth of the entire observable universe How can any structure that large hold itself together and the answer is we just don't know yet despite all of that the Great Wall is dwarfed by our number one largest object in the universe and that's number five fear of the dark [Music] [Applause] let's take a step back a minute and look at that great void that we mentioned earlier it makes absolutely no sense to exist when the Big Bang happened the current theory is that there was nothing else in existence and therefore there should be an even distribution of matter and energy across the entire universe so vast expanses of nothingness should simply be impossible equally vast expanses of more matter than what is around them like the Great Wall should also be impossible but they clearly aren't they exist so what's going on this oh is just one question the scientists CERN sought to answer with the opening of the Large Hadron Collider in 2008. the collider was designed to smash particles together at nearly the speed of light in order to observe how the big bang could have occurred and it did this in the hopes that the resulting miniature explosions would model the bang in doing so scientists discovered what they already knew Mata would distribute itself across empty space evenly no great clusters no great voids this was obviously a bit of a problem as such scientists were forced to look back at far older theories in order to explain what was going on it was then they discovered the theory of Fritz zwitsky dating from 1933. zwitzki invented the theory of what he called Dark Matter this is matter or energy which is not observable understandable cannot be experienced and cannot be measured in any meaningful way EG the scientific definition for something that doesn't exist for much of zwitzki's Life the theory gained no traction but all of a sudden it was put back in the spotlight the reason for this using the particle collision experiments scientists were able to model the universe and calibrate how much of it must be dark matter or dark energy and it was then that they discovered the true magnitude of this unknowable Force scientists found that only four percent of the universe is observable at her the rest is dark matter it was subsequently explained by scientists that the thing that's pushing everything we can see away from us is dark energy which makes up about 60 of dark matter as such the largest single object in the universe not that it's really an object as we can't see it is dark matter which makes up 96 of everything [Music]

Channel: Sideprojects

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Keywords: megaprojects, construction, engineering, projects, sideprojects, the biggest object in the universe, largest object in the universe, largest object in universe, what is the biggest object in the universe, largest structure in the universe, the biggest thing in the universe, biggest things in the universe, biggest thing in the universe, the biggest thing in the whole entire universe, biggest structure in universe, the universe, the biggest thing in space, the universe clips

Id: JkiDjoea6Kk

Length: 13min 40sec (820 seconds)

Published: Tue Mar 07 2023