The Great Pyramid of Egypt New Evidence Full Documentar

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it's the only one of the seven wonders of the world that is still standing today five million tons of stone stacked 146 meters high 4,500 years ago the Great Pyramid of Khufu is the tallest largest and most enigmatic of all the pharaonic constructions 45 centuries later the mystery lives on how was the pyramid actually built French architect Jean Pierre Sudan has been investigating this question for 10 years he's scrutinized and studied the monument with the eye of an expert as if you were going to rebuild the whole thing himself today at the end of his investigations and with the help of new technology he's offering a revolutionary solution could he have managed to solve the mystery of the Great Pyramid of Khufu [Music] to understand the mystery of the pyramids we need to go back in time to the era when Egypt built these enormous tombs on the Giza Plateau these mountains of stone are the masterpieces of a civilization wholeheartedly committed to the quest for eternity pyramids were the sacred gateways that led Kings pass through to the land of immortal life after death the Egyptians built the finest and most impressive of them in a single century at the close of the prehistoric era the first ones were step pyramids like the pyramid of djoser at saqqara after the 26th century BC the first true smooth-sided pyramids were the work of a single family headed by Sneferu who was the father of Khufu and grandfather of Catherine originally the outer surface of the tombs was made of a smooth layer of dazzling white limestone blocks pyramids with the earthly incarnation of the sun's rays as time went by these our stones got pillaged in order to build palaces temples and mosques Khufu still has a few left at its base and Catherine has managed to keep its original stone layer at the top Catherine was the last monumental pyramid that Egypt built this period of amazing technological progress only lasted a century not long after Egypt underwent serious climate changes the country was plagued by drought and ravaged by civil wars invasions and social strife the secrets of the pyramids construction got lost during these tumultuous times [Music] recently archeologists have discovered the village that housed the workers who built these monuments 4,500 years ago Egyptologists have unearthed numerous clues into their way of life they were well fed and decently housed they were given meat beer and bread the excavations have even shown that the workers were not slaves as it was once believed they were proud to serve their Pharaoh and accompany him on his journey to the afterlife but none of this fascinating research yielded any new information about the methods used to build the pyramids especially not for the biggest and most complex of them all Khufu towering at a hundred and forty six meters it was the tallest man-made structure ever built until the end of the 19th century Khufu is also the only pyramid with a granite chamber tucked away at its heart with beings weighing over 60 tonnes a genuine challenge within the challenge the pyramids staggering height and this granite chamber are the two key mysteries surrounding Khufu's construction nobody until now has ever solved this riddle written in stone still many theories have been put forward in the 5th century BC the Greek historian Herodotus suggested the use of wooden levers [Music] Egyptologists then imagined massive ramps leading up to the summit or else an external spiral ramp but in the end these theories which we find in every historical reference book have never been very convincing today an architect claims to have solved the mystery if he's right it will turn out to be the most important discovery since to tank amounts to him was found jean-pierre Houdin story begins in January 1999 he taking a year off to get some perspective on his life and was looking for a new challenge then one day his father sent him a tape of a film he'd seen on TV about the mysteries of the pyramids the documentary explored the different theories of how the pyramids were built but not one of them was credible his father a former Public Works engineer got caught up in the mystery and imagined a solution the pyramid could have been built from the inside with the help of a circular tunnel naturally all he who does shared the idea with his architect son that you were hiding for an internal romp intriguing that you're growing in coach potato pockets our area today jean-pierre was fascinated and devoured anything he could get his hands on concerning the pyramids he read the most reputable books studied every drawing and analyzed every Theory almost overnight became a fanatical expert on the architectural wonders of ancient Egypt a simple architect was transformed into an obsessional genius he threw himself a hundred percent into his research he closed his architecture firm and sold his apartment to move into a small family studio he worked ten hours a day developing his father's idea adapting it in keeping with the ancient Egyptians know how the hope is here it's basically a great idea what what I think we should break it up into sections like this seems logical spiral with white angers and see well all you have to do is keep working on it well I think it might take about ten years before I can get you on toes in China wrong there is a lot of work to do the Egyptians didn't know how to build circular tunnels on the other hand they know how to make right-angled galleries jean-pierre patiently developed his idea of an internal ramp his ramp would enable limestone blocks to be all to the very top 146 meters up he believed the ramp would never have more than a seven percent incline because otherwise it would be too steep for dragging up the stones notches at each right angle would allow the stones to be turned and also provide ventilation for the tunnels [Music] it was a brilliant theory revolutionary even but it still had to be proven it was time for some appeal to shift into high gear but for that he needed to convince the learned specialists and top experts he spent several months contacting various Egyptologists but no one bothered to reply it were sick and tired of receiving yet another new theory about the pyramids they didn't even bother to look at his dossier jean-pierre didn't belong to the club he was nothing but an outsider and yet the pyramids construction is definitely an architect's business at least as much if not more so than Egyptologists no one's our prophet in their own land after trying his luck with French scientists jean-pierre set his sights on the u.s. in new york one renowned Egyptologist finally agreed to meet him jean-pierre pulled out his last playing card to get to egypt and verify his theory jean-pierre needed an inn Bob Bryar looked like he might be the man the key that would move his investigation forward welcome to the Bronx when he opened his laptop there were several of us in my apartment and we all gathered around the laptop to see what he had and had these beautiful beautiful diagrams of the pyramid things I had never seen he created them on the laptop and he started explaining his theory the architect presented his revolutionary idea the pyramid could have been built from the inside out okay inside the pyramid from inside is its go where and I thought the theory was incredible I wasn't sure you know there are other theories about the pyramid but they all have problems this theory solved some of those problems but it was just so amazing that I just couldn't believe it could be true at first so what did you think the first time you saw the pyramid ah the first time I saw that yeah let me tell you Bob I never went to the parents working on this thing for five years you haven't seen the pyramid no no why not because I think it's intellectual works it's something I think also that I am completely free it's a concept yes at the base the architect would row the pyramid I have no plummet in front of them well if anybody's gonna take you very seriously you have to see the pyramid Bob Bryar was hooked by the story and Jean Pierre's theory he decided to help him and convinced him to finally go to Egypt [Music] finally five years after he began his investigation jean-pierre Houdin discovered the pyramids [Music] [Music] it wasn't like I got there and went whoa here's a pyramid I was impressed like everyone but I was already so familiar with it I knew it inside and out I saw it in a different way I knew where every touchstone was every detail every little drawing I felt at home thanks to Bob Brier he enjoyed the rare privilege of a private tour in France this is where tourists come in now this in France was opened up by the Kaddish Mammon around 850 ad to rob the pyramid so real in France is about 7 metre east of this corridor if we keep going we will arrive at the corridor that leads up to the Congaree and the King's Chamber but job here is not a tourist he's looking for clues in the heart of the pharaonic structure his priority is to find evidence to back his theory he's intrigued by a number of details these regularly spaced rectangular holes and these chisel marks all along the Grand Gallery finally he reaches the King's Chamber made entirely out of granite gigantic beams above him weighing about 60 tons apiece form a flat ceiling an aberration for the time considering the thousands of tons of stone piled above it the chamber is a real architectural feat he admires the joints between the stones they're perfect not even a razor blade could slip into the cracks how did the Egyptians manage to transport stone blocks of this size into the heart of the pyramid John piers internal ramp doesn't solve this problem it is the second riddle of the Great Pyramid he needs to tackle at the top of the Grand Gallery there's a narrow passage leading above the King's Chamber it gives access to five storeys of granite beams called relieving chambers these are topped with an enormous gabled limestone roof the blocks alleviate the weight pressing down on the roof of the funeral chamber without this ingenious system the ceiling of the King's Chamber and the Grand Gallery would have collapsed but the granite beams suffered some cracks during construction to check the extent of the damage the Khufu builders opened up this passage that leads straight to the heart of the brilliant architectural system [Music] among the graffiti scrawled by unscrupulous visitors jean-pierre looks for the cartouche of pharaoh Khufu first discovered at the beginning of the 19th century [Music] Fenella Goffe disprove that it's really confuse Pramod it means long Khufu we call it behind the heart of the Pyrenean it's absolutely incredible and there are hundreds of thousands of tons right above our heads and it's all elder by these beams it's been here for 45 centuries for for something can just feel how can you do the serenity is pretty moving isn't anything more [Music] at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo the treasures of the Pharaohs are on display millions of pieces Chronicle the prestigious history of one of humanity's most brilliant civilizations but paradoxically only two elements are directly linked to the Great Pyramid today jean-pierre has an appointment with the man who designed and built the greatest pyramid of all times ironically the only image of Khufu that has survived is just a few centimetres tall a miniscule ivory figurine discovered by chance in a temple in 1903 despite the absence of monumental statues our barrel yes Khufu's memory is still very much alive an enigmatic Sphinx he continues to intrigue the entire world with the mystery of how his pyramid was built [Music] jean-pierre also wants to see what he considers one of the greatest treasures at the Cairo Museum a four thousand five hundred year old cedar wood sled most visitors hardly pay any attention to it seems like some plain everyday object yet it's a unique piece that offers insight into the pyramids construction it was like good for the Egyptians it cost a fortune to bring wood from the Bannen so they use it up to the end [Music] back in Khufu's days the Egyptians didn't know about the wheel they used these cedar sleds to haul stone blocks [Music] considering the tools available to them the Egyptians accomplished amazing technical feats their monumental constructions of weathered thousands of years they bear witness to the genius of these men from antiquity and continue to fascinate Egyptologists and architects today Bob Bryar is convinced of the importance of Jean Pierre's theory he joins him in Cairo to help him find new clues and evidence why try you know no trick to prepare for their expedition the next day they begin by taking stock of some of the buildings theories other people have come up with most involves some kind of ramp but have made your flaws according to the architect Isiah is too steep yeah that's a big problem with these ramp because too high it has to be 1.6 kilometers and the wrong would be bigger than the pyramid itself this one is really steep good for ski jumps off of the Olympics it's fine I tell me what's this this one is interesting we passed over Saturday yes because 1.6 kilometers are not in front of the pyramid but all around it this type of external spiral ramp around the pyramid raises a number of questions how could such a ramp be attached to a smooth sided pyramid how do you turn a corner with 600 men considering that's how many people you needed to pull a 60 ton granite block besides with this type of external ramp you couldn't check the geometry during construction if the edges weren't perfectly aligned and controlled the pyramid could end up twisted [Music] for these reasons Jean Pierre's theory suggests there were two raps first an external rap that only went 43 meters high this would have allowed the first two thirds of the pyramids total volume to be put in place as well as the granite blocks for the King's Chamber in addition to this the Egyptians would have built a second rap inside the pyramid this system offers a solution to the two key problems the Khufu pyramid presented its height 146 meters and its unique granite chamber once they reached the critical level of 43 meters and the granite blocks had been brought up for the King's Chamber the Egyptians would have dismantled the first ramp and recycled the blocks it was made of hauling them up the internal ramp to finish the pyramid nothing would have been wasted now the theory needs to be proven they need to find evidence of his internal ramp bob has an idea [Music] fifteen kilometers south of Cairo the Egyptologist takes jean-pierre to the ruins of a temple that was dedicated to the son built 100 years after Khufu the temple was destroyed at the end of the 19th century but an architect's drawing of it still exists on the drawing we can see that the temple had a corridor similar to Jean Pierre's internal wrap our two investigators want to see for themselves what's left of it well you don't have to imagine the jump here yes yes you choosing in turn are wrong wait awesome sir come on yeah sure we is a fast u-turn yes yes we go here it's a coastal town drunk like like mine yes let me show you something up here come on you're gonna like it now this block for the ceiling right greens we color the blue for the CL for the sky right and there are stars here you see him yeah there's a little circle and it radiates out what about the stars yes all over the block so this was the ceiling block for the internal ramp look at the diagram though let's just see we could figure out so we came up the ramp here and we made the turn here right and this block what do you think maybe is this one oh so this block could be either here or here this feeling block so it's definitely internal ramp right these remains of an internal ramp proof that the ancient Egyptians knew how to build this type of corridor at the time of Khufu an important step towards confirming the architects hypothesis but the demonstration isn't over yet another important aspect of Jean Pierre's theory can also be tested out in the field he believes that to form a perfect pyramid the Egyptians must have laid the outer surface blocks first rather than last like many previous theories claim this would have allowed the overall form and angles of the pyramid to be monitored throughout construction to understand this principle they need to make a trip to - or about 30 kilometres south of Cairo jean-pierre and Bob are particularly interested in these magnificent casing stones the outer layer is made of white limestone blocks that way between four and five tons and are up to two meters thick twice as big as the stones position behind them architecturally speaking this is a fact of major importance she put the kissing stone over over the breast and put it in place on this block and after they kept on all the way to the top cap so this had to be put in smooth right from the beginning it's a concrete evidence that the casing is done as a pyramid rise and the outside of the pyramid is finished first the casing stones would have had to be laid first allowing the geometry of the pyramid to be monitored as the building advanced next the Egyptians would have positioned the second row of well human stones followed by rougher blocks of various sizes that acted as a kind of filler this would have allowed them to work faster and finish building in about twenty years like it is mentioned in ancient Egyptian manuscripts the clues jean-pierre has gathered out in the field are encouraging for the investigation but he wants to find proof that the internal ramp actually existed you can see two white lines two sounds oddly enough these phantom lines reflect the exact position of the internal ramp with the same 7% slope is it an optical illusion of a thermal phenomenon pretty strange in order to detect the internal ramp the pyramid would have to be scanned the different densities inside it would need to be measured this would provide physical and therefore undeniable scientific proof of the ramps existence actually a similar study was already done in 1986 back at the time a team of French engineers analyze the Khufu pyramid using a technique called micro groove imagery this method allows us to see minor variations in mass and density in fact it involves detecting what scientists call zones of significant sub density in other words empty spaces for months the technicians took thousands of measurements both inside and outside the pyramid the team wasn't interested in figuring out how it was built they were hoping to find a secret chamber in this respect their mission was a total failure scientific publications of their study went completely unnoticed yet without realizing it these engineers may have found the scientific proof that jean-pierre Houdin has been looking for for so many years shalyah contacted one of the scientists who worked on the mission Hooijdonk bowie is a member of the French Science Academy and Ecole Polytechnique france's equivalent of MIT we found that the sub density the density deficits formed something that was like a spiral spiral shape exactly a spiral shape but in sub done city of writing sub density the white and green show the sub density zones set density it was drawn by hand my colleague did it really sees a spiral we see the spiral the sub density zone in white the microgravity study shows that in relation to the pyramids volume 15 percent of its mass is missing the empty spaces inside the monument seem to form a spiral back in 1986 Louie dung Bowie and his colleagues didn't know what to make of this startling discovery now in light of jean-pierre who does theory of the internal rap the study makes sense microgroove imagery offers the scientific proof the architect needed this irrefutable element convinces jean-pierre to devote his life to solving the mystery of how the great pyramid of khufu was built [Music] jean-pierre Houdin is now firmly convinced that the internal rap is definitely there just a few metres behind these blocks of stone but he's now looking for more proof that the ramp really exists if we continue along the phantom lines we'd seen before we come to something that absolutely fascinates him according to his calculations this hole located at the Northeast angle of the pyramid lies directly on the path of the internal ramp would this be what remains from one of the notches that allowed the Egyptians to turn the stone blocks they'll need to take a closer look but climbing the pyramid is prohibited it's dangerous and many tourists have already suffered accidents look at the shape of this notch okay the pavement okay the walls yes take plenty of pictures plenty of pictures okay and come back safe it's a deal okay thank you that being said the Egyptian authorities are willing to make an exception for certain Egyptologists along with a cameraman who's an excellent mountain climber Bob Brier is gonna check out what the knotch looks like up close [Music] [Music] getting there slowly but surely we're getting that Oh seonhwa it's really dark Bob wasn't expecting this dark space he hasn't even brought a flashlight powerful enough to light it I think this is interesting it's not the internal rent but it's still very interesting lose the space so big they up photos for shadows for jean-pierre this space wasn't carved out from the stone it visibly dates back to the pyramids construction there is no description of it in any Egyptological book up till now no one has ever investigated this architectural curiosity could the existence of this unanticipated room be further evidence of an internal ramp one that's still there you're coming out no it's not like a breeze or anything like that so I don't know how far it goes it's not exactly an internal ramp but it's a big space I think jean-pierre will be interested ah I really don't know what it's for maybe it's just an accident - construction maybe it's not he'll know better than me better [Music] back at the hotel jean-pierre studies Bob's photos then he checks the plans of the pyramid to see whether there's any drawing or description of the empty space behind the knotch anywhere even if he knows there isn't he's sorry couldn't see it for himself jean-pierre feels he is so close and yet still so far from solving the mystery however jean-pierre does have a certain number of elements to confirm his theory the casing stones were definitely placed first this rules out the possibility of an external spiral ramp since there's no way it could have been attached to the smooth surface the temple of newarray ray proves that the ancient Egyptians knew how to build an internal round the phantom lines with their 7% slope are definitely intriguing the microgravity metric results offer undeniable proof that empty spaces in the spiral form like his ramp actually exist within the pyramid and finally there's this hollow space Bob discovered behind the knotch although all these elements are convincing another enigma remains at the very heart of the pyramid the King's Chamber [Music] [Music] the theory of the internal rap works very well for moving limestone blasted away about two tons on average but how did the ancient workers manage to haul up the granite stones that were so much heavier [Music] this is the most remarkable aspect of the investigation and the most complex to figure out the one part I'm really not sure about that that really is the Grand Gallery this idea that the Grand Gallery was somehow used to raise the blocks to the very top it's interesting it's the most interesting explanation of the Grand Gallery anybody's ever come up with but I'm really not sure the external ramp that jean-pierre imagines isn't enough to explain how the huge granite blocks were moved into the heart of the pyramid on a ramp with a 7% incline you'd need six hundred men to haul a 60 ton block but coordinating so many men would be an impossible task jean-pierre thinks the key to the mystery is the Grand Gallery itself he's convinced the gallery was the key element of a gigantic system of counterweights that would have made it possible for just a hundred men to move the enormous granite blocks the Grand Gallery is truly an impressive structure 8 metres high 48 meters long and a 50% rate of incline it has fascinated everyone who's ever entered it the layout makes no sense from a ceremonial point of view could it have been built for practical reasons if Jean Pierre's hunch turns out to be right it'll be a total revolution for Egyptology the stakes are high so bob has some very specific questions for the architect Jean Pia you are the man with the theory you've got a lot of things to explain first what are these benches on this bench you are the Royals are these logs looks ok yes good and these logs on this logs yes well the trolley yes for the counterweight system okay so the trolley runs up and down on logs which are across the two benches across or tubing okay I got another question there are like 28 of these slots they're important obviously it's the first thing you see what's going on in these slots you had wooden beams yes what are you doing all dings or else keeping the whole house so these rollers are like logs going on a bench you got the trolley on top of it and you got beams in here making sure the logs don't go wild jump yet I understand the role as rolling the weights are sliding but is there any evidence that this room was actually used I think if we close our look to the bench on the vertical fence yeah we will find some breeze some scratch left by the water strike this thing that looks like a racing stripe on a car look perhaps right going down that that's grease you think it's so long I was a bench yes yes yes the same muck so the trolley when it goes up and down they had a lubricated they put grease yes by going up and down its fastest times there's a troll a was drinking a beer leaking a bit huh just a small stone and it looks like it was you and it's completely parallel to the bench shop that's good there is something more look at the South covering Lucas's goo yeah yeah runs the whole way way on the gray on both sides well what was it useful I think it was used to old another beam yeah wooden beam right on which the poly was sliding on for the ancient Egyptians wood was scarce and very precious according to Jean Pierre they would have recovered the wooden beams when the pyramid was completed which explains the chisel marks you know I've been here 50 times and I never noticed that it goes the whole length it's terrific so it's another it's another evidence that the thing was really used for a trolley sliding up and down and that's to stabilizer is too much details okay understand yes too much a lot of details there's another clue at the top of the gallery though this step has been cemented it was originally chiseled in a v-shape maybe to facilitate the sliding of ropes jean-pierre could be right but has he convinced the Egyptologist it just seems so incredible that they built this fabulous room this grand gallery just to raise the blocks up to the top but it could be for the time being the on-site investigation is over but John Pierre hopes to go further now back in Paris he's contacted by an engineer who tells him about a sponsorship program called passion for innovation the obsessional genius is about to strike again [Music] do you really feel like you're walking in Shinzon oh yeah yeah I'm totally in it but we need to adjust the sensor for the lateral position sure those are the little adjustments he needed first hello how are you maybe this is jump here will down the architect I was telling you about with a new theory on cool alright great Richard told me all about it MIDI that you be nice to meet you what are you doing well it's actually a simulator that lets you walk in virtual reality it was summer 2005 at the time I admit I didn't know the construction of khufu was still a mystery then he got me all caught up in it what I liked about jean-pierre was mainly his enthusiasm and the fact that he was an outsider who decided to tackle one of humanity's oldest mysteries and wasn't afraid to do it [Music] don't you think we could simulate on that sure we could IDs by myself right we'll shift in a high gear the starters we can make a 3d model no problem no reason we can do it for a plane or a car not for a pyramid da so systems develop scientific 3d software to design and visualize the finest industrial projects of the future with these innovative tools an industrial project can be entirely simulated before making it happen in the real world and design to engineering to the most unusual architectural project the software applications are like virtual labs where the coherence and feasibility of what inventors have come up with get tested out [Music] but hey guys as a don't joke here so after several years of working alone suddenly jean-pierre finds himself surrounded by an enthusiastic team of engineers for two years they worked on modeling the pyramid and how it was built using their own 3d scientific tools there were several stages first we made of the wall of the extent of ramp and then part of the tyranny the engineers entered all the geometric and physical characteristics into the computer and they put John pairs ideas to the test absolu simulation we can show everything works correctly 20 machines exactly it's absolutely possible which I'll well do you stand there expertise has even allowed them to explain why the granite beams in the King's Chamber cracked a mystery which in terms of Egyptology has caused much speculation up until the present scientific analysis step by step they calculated the combined weight on the beams the limestone rafters then the 83 meters of stonework above that no cracks appeared finally they added one last factor a three centimeter shift of the southern wall of the King's Chamber I think that coming down with the pyramid completed look we lower the southern side the rafters open up and look here on the first three ceilings red red red red means worth the Granite's breaking point [Music] the engineers also studied this system of counterweights the weight goes down the beam goes up what is it well that's the force applied by manpower so the force is the number of men we didn't find anything impossible about Jean Pierre's theory we're not saying that's how it happened because we weren't there to see it but we can't say that it very well could have happened like that mechanically speaking it's realistic it holds up could jump Yahoo Dan have proven his Abarth Isis in any case his theory is the first and only to be confirmed by scientific 3d methods it is now possible to rebuild khufu step by step nobody has ever gotten this far before [Music] jean-pierre also manages to explain the photos Bob took of the knotch [Music] jean-pierre why don't you send us the pictures Bob took there and Jack will get the simulation going to see if the reality matches the virtual okay we will get a better idea of what we are seeing you recreated all the stones based on the video image shot by shot we recreated all the blocks Bob got special permission to climb up into the notch I told him to take measurements and to look into the holes it wasn't expecting to find a room no and he found a 9 meter square room and you're saying until now no one's ever described this room there's no data no after that we when did research but we didn't found anything [Music] manova so no you see we cut the primate in slices like a ham and we go down layer by layer yeah stop see there are ramps that's the top of the comedy for them the internal ramp is behind the walls of this room behind this stone Jack can you remove that stone what do we have yeah Anton are WAMP I mean you didn't have an endoscopic camera to go in we didn't expect that it's the kind of thing you feel bad about it's just right there but you know there should be leaks with the thermal camera we could see the leaks between the stones the hair coming out would be cooler than the air in the room so you're saying all you need is permission to go back into the room with a thermal camera and put it right in front of those two blocks and then we see there's an internal ramp behind them if we have the real light to go back we will prove that the internal ramp is there to solve the mystery all they need now is an authorization if y'all care is right as everything seems to indicate the discovery will cause a huge stir how much longer will he have to wait nobody knows but he's already been working on this project for 10 years he's not afraid of waiting a little longer when it comes to pyramids the notion of time is all relative meanwhile he decided to share his theory with the world the news has circled the entire globe [Applause] [Music] jean-pierre who does investigation is over but the story isn't in the meantime our architect visits the tomb of his predecessor mu nu the man who built Khufu's pyramid 4,500 years ago he wants to pay homage one last time to the unbelievable genius of the great ancient builders before one day climbing the pyramid himself along the internal ramp [Music]
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Channel: Experience Egypt
Views: 5,093,329
Rating: 4.4230857 out of 5
Keywords: sharm el sheikh, ancient Egypt, Hurghada, sharm el sheik, egypt holidays, el gouna, Taba, pyramids of Egypt, cairo, egypt, egypt pyramids, hurgada, dahab, red sea, holidays, ETA
Id: d83mn1yxCHc
Channel Id: undefined
Length: 52min 18sec (3138 seconds)
Published: Wed Aug 21 2013
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