The Bizarre Failure Of The World's First Tank | World War Weird S3E3 | War Stories

hello i'm james holland and i'm a historian of the second world war history hit is a bit like netflix but purely for history we've got hundreds of hours of historical documentaries going all the way back to classical times right through to the cold war and beyond use the word war stories all one word for a massive discount when you join up the ignominious fate of the world's first tank a samurai soldier who never got the memo a supersonic toilet and something strange is stirring in the arctic a new kind of war conflict on a scale never seen before or since this is war at its weirdest incredible experiments this has got to be one of the most bizarre weapons ever mooted in the history of warfare what is even crazier is that it seems to work mysterious events this is brilliant you couldn't make this up unexplained phenomena this is all crazy and i kind of don't even know where to begin with this when a world goes to war with itself things get really weird autumn 1914 and world war 1 is literally bogging down it's clear that all sides are getting absolutely mired in trench warfare the two lines of trenches each side just staring at each other something needs to be done to break that war of attrition to get things moving again casualties are on an absolutely horrific scale tens of thousands of lives are being sacrificed for absolutely minuscule territorial gains even on the eastern front where trenches are much less common the russians still need a way of breaking the deadlock the russians are thinking about some kind of armored vehicle that can take to the battlefield on a colossal scale it's going to be a monster if they can pull this thing off it's gonna be the largest fighting vehicle the world has ever seen in 1915 the idea of an armed fighting vehicle is still just a twinkle in someone's eye at this stage of the war there is no such thing as a tank the idea of heavily armored vehicle with tracks that move over trenches move across open ground that doesn't exist yet but the russians are about to create one they're about to push engineering design and technology to the very limit [Music] the tsar orders the russian war department to come up with the first drafts nikolai lebedenko is an engineer and what he does is work on artillery devices what he's thinking is what if i had a gun that could propel itself forward instead of needing to be dragged so lebedenko sits down with three fellow engineers add a drawing board and they sketch out this radical new weapon it looks just like a tricycle so what you have is two big wheels on the front and there's one small wheel at the back and it's driven by the small wheel that's how you direct it it looks like a big heaving penny farthing lebedenko's battle machine is designed to weigh 40 tons and be bristling with weapons but for now the engineers put together a small wooden model and are given the opportunity to demonstrate it to tsar nicholas ii himself this is a big moment for lebedenko he's got this toy tank on the floor and the tsar's watching he then sets the motor running and it scuttles along the floor there's a bit of a lack of reality about the battlefield and and how this thing might work instead of a trench full of germans they make a big pile of books and of course it rolls right over the books and the tsar's amazed tsar immediately orders lebedenko and his colleagues to produce a full scale version lebedienko was a very confident man because his view was that with this new machine the war could be won by russia in one single night but just powering this monster is going to be a huge challenge in itself the prototype consists of a pair of 250 horsepower engines which propel each of the two big wheels there's also a small wheel at the back for steering leverdenko's projected speed for his machine is fast he says that it's going to go at 11 miles an hour it's gonna fly across the battlefield it's equipped with top-mounted machine guns and light cannons and also weapons attached to its underside it's going to be a mobile weapon platform which can be armored so you can't destroy it it's going to have this huge wheel so it can climb over everything it's going to be breathing fire if it ever gets going on paper a formidable weapon the likes of which no one has at this point the hope of the designers that this extraordinary configuration will enable this new monster to be able to get over just about any obstacle in its pot but one thing that the designers are worried about is the thickness of the armor it's gonna force its way through enemy territory it's gonna have to put up with a great deal of fire as soon as the germans see it they're gonna point every available gun at it and try and kill it so they have to make the armor thicker but that's when the weaknesses really start to come out on it because it starts to weigh too much in august 1915 the monster seized daylight for the very first time because of its weight and sheer size the prototype has to be stripped down into its various components transported in bits and then reassembled before it's put through its paces the parts arrive at the testing ground about 60 kilometers from moscow so not only does the size of it mean that you have to take it apart but also those parts weigh 50 more than you thought they would because of the extra armor on them so already it's becoming too cumbersome to be practical but they still show it to the tar the test in front of the russian high commission begins really well tank trundles off comes across three big tree trunks in its path it gets over them easily so far so good but then when it got onto softer ground when it got into mud it sank it was so heavy it was so unbalanced and the more the wheels turned the more it dug itself into the ground the beast is mired in mud just like those soldiers in the trenches this was not in any way what lebedenko had hoped for this actually was a disaster it seems like it's not just the weight causing the problem when you look at this picture and you realize this fundamental design flaw these wheels are metallic they're smooth they have no treads to get through mud and boggy ground this thing is just waiting to sink look at it it's meant to be a gun platform its purpose is to fire guns the wheels are so enormous they'd absolutely constrain any kind of fire whatsoever you'd shoot the wheels off if you started to use the gun the engines as well were too small so they just overheat and turn themselves off they're not equipped with an engine sufficient to drag that weight along either after the fiasco the designers attempt to equip the vehicle with more powerful engines but this doesn't solve the fundamental issues with the design the other problem with it is that all the weight is in the wrong place now it should be resting on the front drive wheels and instead the drive wheels are at the back and all the weight is resting on them and they're tiny that's the reason you find the big wheels on the back of a tractor it's to compensate for that weight it's odd that you wouldn't have been from the very start using that heavy vehicle as your inspiration and then what about the cost well this thing is enormously expensive this monster costs a quarter of a million rubles now to put that into perspective that is 2 000 times the income of a russian officer the russian military abandoned the project but the tsar's monster remains the predecessor of what we nowadays call the tank the word tank was coined by the british army in 1916 when they were working on what was then called the mark one land ship the initial design of the body shell looked remarkably like a water tank and so that was the word that was used to disguise the real function of this new weapon and the name stuck right through to today the mark one also had something that the tsar's monster crucially didn't have british tanks were huge rectangular devices with caterpillar treads be able to move much more steadily and to roll over any kind of obstacle in its path just steamroller over the other side meanwhile bogged down somewhere in the mud that tsar's monster remains frozen in time the fate of the tsar tank's a little bit sad it's just abandoned there in the woods and it's left there until 1923 just decaying and eventually it gets sold for scrap never to be seen again the fact is that it was a brave attempt i salute the people who tried and after all how were advances made by people thinking naturally thinking outside of the box trying something new coming up at the end of world war ii one japanese soldier is on a private mission some people saw him as a war hero other people saw him as deranged nothing and no one can convince him to leave the battlefield he persuades his comrades to fight on people are landing on the moon their satellites in the sky the world has completely changed and yet still these men are in the jungle fighting the second world war [Applause] 1945 the allies drop atom bombs on hiroshima and nagasaki the japanese army is about to surrender in the world war but one soldier doesn't quite get the memo nothing and nobody can convince him to leave the battlefield he keeps on fighting for another 29 years is he a samurai or a madman february 1945 world war ii is coming to an end allied forces were landing on lubang island in the philippines and the japanese soldiers stationed there were basically ordered to disrupt them they've got to use any means they can to sabotage the airstrip and the pier and if they can do that they can prevent the american attack [Music] before long most of the japanese soldiers have been killed a few surrender but there's one soldier who refuses to give up hiru anoda is a 22 year old intelligence officer in the imperial army he came from a very long line of warriors his family were traditionally samurai he was very much adhering to the japanese code of conduct he's also further motivated by the fact that his father fought in china just the year before and he's desperate to do something to honor him onoda has been tasked to fight guerilla action in the mountains [Music] before the americans had arrived i noticed commander major taniguchi had warned him that the americans would do anything to try to flush him out into the open and he warned an odor you must not let yourself be captured adenoda would take him very very seriously at first onoda is not alone he's with three other men privates akatsu and kozuku and a corporal named shimada they refused to give in to the americans japan officially surrenders on 15th of august 1945 and world war ii is over when told of the japanese surrender the three men refused to believe it to use a charming modern expression they believe it fake news under a nodus command they retreat into the hills and they kind of melt into the jungle when leaflets announcing japan's surrender are distributed on the island anoda dismisses them as enemy propaganda these leaflets are actually signed by general yamashita now he is the commander of japanese forces but still anoda thinks the whole thing is a ruse and he instructs his men to ignore these leaflets and keep going anoda keeps his band of brothers together but not all of his men are so committed in 1949 after almost five years private ikatsu sneaks out of camp one night and turns himself in it's very interesting what exactly was going through his mind did he genuinely believe that the war was over and the only thing that had been keeping him in was the fact that he'd been forced to by an odor his superior or had he just had enough now as a result of that there's now a real momentum behind trying to get hold of the remaining men friends relatives of anoda start sending in letters photographs trying to persuade these guys to come back to their loved ones but onoda and the other men that are remaining and hiding with them after 1949 they don't believe any of it and they stay there such was their dedication to duty but noda's team is having a hard time one of the men corporal shimada was shot in the leg during a skirmish and his leg never fully recovered which isn't very surprising considering they had absolutely no medical resources in the jungle when they had another skirmish he was shot and killed so now they were down to just two anoda and kazuka luckily for them managed to escape and they continue their fight not just for another couple of years they continue for another 18 years we're in the 1970s men are landing on the moon there are satellites in the sky the world has completely changed and yet there are still these two men fighting the second world war to the locals they're becoming more than a nuisance at one point they set light to a rice field and this of course really angers the villagers who call in the police kazuka gets lost in this massive fumes and smoke that's coming out and the police spot him and they shoot him he's dead leaving onoda as the last man standing it's now the mid-1970s and onoda has gone rather quiet some people think that he's retreated into the mountains and is just trying to survive but others think he could be planning his next big mission the fact that he became this recluse turned him into a kind of bogeyman amongst the local population almost a legend like the abominable snowman or somebody that you would warn your children if they misbehaved the japanese man will get you but there's one man who is determined to track down the missing officer japanese explorer and adventurer norio suzuki suzuki is absolutely adamant that he's going to find anoda in fact after he's done that he tells the world that he's then going to find a wild panda then the abominable snowman and actually anode and suzuki are not dissimilar they both have enormous self beliefs they are both convinced that despite what anybody tells them or any evidence of the country they will see their quest through to the end one day while suzuki was exploring the island he sees a scrawny man in a tattered japanese uniform and he knows right away this is lieutenant onoda i've found him at last something in this young man makes an odor pause he would have been prepared to shoot but this young man confronted him said to him look there are people looking for you the war is over the emperor wants you to stop but onoda tells suzuki that he will only surrender to his superior officer [Music] suzuki returns to japan on yet another impossible quest with the help of the japanese government he tracks down an oda's commanding officer taniguchi who by now is an elderly man working in a bookshop is absolutely astonished by this request he agrees to travel to the island it feels like one last duty from the second world war nearly 29 years after the end of the war tanaguchi formally relieves his last soldier from the battlefield anuda salutes the flag while still wearing his japanese uniform it's very difficult to imagine how somebody whose whole life was predicated on duty must have felt as he finally stood down anoda returns home to mixed reception some people saw him as a war hero a man who had taken his duty utterly seriously other people saw him as deranged as a man who had carried on fighting for no apparent reason so what does anoda do next well it's somewhat surprising but he goes to brazil where he decides he's going to try his hand at cattle ranching he gives it a go but it doesn't really work he eventually returns to japan itself and establishes a series of camps where he trains young people on survival skills meanwhile suzuki tries to fulfill his next ambition to find a wild panda and he succeeds however on his next mission to find the abominable snowman in the himalayas he's caught in an avalanche and sadly he dies this is quite a strange story on the one hand it's very touching this idea of duty but it's actually not that touching when you come to think of it because he kills quite a lot of people in the process if he had actually really thought properly about what was going on he should have given himself up so for my money i think anoda is actually a far more troubling figure than people make out but yet it still commands such respect to know that there was a person who was so compelled by his sense of duty that he could live alone in the jungle fighting world war ii for three decades after it ended [Music] coming up nothing is off limits in the aerial arms race strange extravagant devices were being tested everything is pushed to the limits as engineers plumb new depths into their quest to keep ahead of the curve [Music] essentially he's sitting on a sonic b-day his sphincter was acting as a kind of human sound ranger [Applause] they say that all's fair in love and war and where wars concerned no idea appears too dumb nothing is off limits in the technological arms race no matter how stupid it may look you've got bat tears giant war tubers even dressing up as mickey mouse as warfare enters the third dimension such weird technology becomes the cutting edge it may sound a little weird but before the battle of britain the british main hope against the luftwaffe was giant concrete mirrors [Music] 1915 britain is being blitzed when we think of the bombing of britain we typically think of the blitz during the second world war it's often forgotten that the germans mounted aerial attacks upon the british isles during the first world war first of all zeppelins um which came at a huge height the large airships that germany was sending over during world war one 115 zeppelins made more than 50 bombing raids on british towns killing and injuring more than 2 000 people we're an island and the royal navy has protected us for centuries and then suddenly the germans can fly over and start bombing you from above it's terrifying it got a lot worse in 1917 when the zeppelins superseded in terms of the damage they could cause by gotham bombers the worst air raid on london caused hundreds of casualties and and killed dozens of people so there was a history of german bombing raids in britain before the second world war how was britain meant to defend itself against these machines the only way to stop them is to intercept them before they even reach the coast but it's really hard to hear them coming until a british researcher figured out a way to amplify their sound by blowing up a cliff [Music] but the story of britain's sound mirrors doesn't start on a cliff it starts in a lavatory in belgium william sanson tucker was a experimental scientist and he's attached in world war one to an experimental sound station on mount kemmel in belgium which is essentially not a mountain at all it's like a lump but in belgium terms it's it's huge he and his commander professor sir william bragg will try to pinpoint artillery by using a highly innovative method called sound ranging they needed to find a way of amplifying the sound of the shells so they could determine the direction they were coming from the breakthrough came according to bragg himself in a moment of private reflection professor bragg experienced a real eureka moment during the first world war his wasn't when he was in the bath though his came while he was sitting on the toilet and while he's going about his business an artillery bombardment starts happening right above his head [Music] and he realizes as the shells are passing over his head strange noises are coming from the toilet bowl beneath him essentially he's sitting on a sonic b day the sound waves hit the toilet bowl and then they rebound off and go up his backside his sphincter was acting as a kind of human sound ranger and that's the premise for sound ranging right there on a toilet dragon tucker realized that they could use parabolas like the shape of a toilet bowl to amplify the sound made by a shell what's more if you pointed a microphone at different parts of the parabola you could figure out where the sound was coming from tucker develops a seriously clever piece of kit that is called the hot wire microphone what he does is to take a rum jar and there were plenty of those on the western front and he puts a piece of hot wire across the small opening the curved empty rum jar will amplify the tiny sound the sound of the shock wave bounces off the parabola that vibration is then amplified by the inside of the bottle that is how he turns this rum bottle into a receiver fast forward two years and london is under the looming shadows of the zeppelin and the gotha bomber as with all developments in military technology it's very rare that only one person is working on one aspect and so while tucker is on the toilet in france and belgium at home there is a guy called maever professor mather who is trying to develop parabolas big enough to detect passing or approaching enemy aircraft so what he needed was a a huge perhaps something you know much much bigger than anything tucker was trying to create in france now where is it that you're going to need to position these parabolas to detect approaching enemy aircraft well the white cliffs of dover is a really good place to start his light bulb moment is looking at the white cliffs of dover and thinking well that's a big flat wall and we'll use that so may the realized what he had to do was to blow a chunk out of it and what he was left with was a perfect parabola nava constructs two 15-foot wide sound mirrors lined with cement at jos gap and fan bay in kent they are able to detect incoming enemy aircraft at a range of around 12 miles providing early warning cover against aircraft from anywhere between zebra and calais for the whole of the southeast they proved so successful that the war ministry continues to develop the technology we can't drop the ball at the end of the first world war aerial bombings and aerial warfare is here to stay you've got to bear in mind that this was the period when it started to be considered that the bomber will always get through the great threat to britain's nationhood was the fact that enemy bombers were going to be able to come over and attack seemingly at will [Music] so it became very very important to be able to detect these aerial attacks as they came in as soon as possible so what the war ministry do is take tucker and put him at bigen hill and have him set up a unit that specifically their job is to develop sound ranging technology and take it forward for the future but tucker isn't the only one working on sound detection in that period the 1920s and the 1930s were kind of the heyday of acoustic technology so you have these two decades of absolutely ludicrous developments the americans go for giant ear horns the japanese invest in war tubers while the germans take their inspiration from mickey mouse clearly you had a situation where all kinds of strange extravagant devices were being tested across the world tucker wasn't interested in these tucker is a realist while everybody else is trialling all of these implements that make them look ridiculous he is very focused he's focused on the parabola and he's focused on getting more warning times he's developed a parabola that can detect an aircraft from five minutes away but actually he wants to make a parabola ten times bigger that can detect enemy aircraft even sooner than that on the 27th of august 1927 work begins on designing the biggest acoustic mirror yet made it is completed in august 1930. [Music] this is the giant mirror that tucker built at denge on the kentish coast it's nearly 200 feet long 26 feet high and in its heyday it had 20 directional microphones pointed at its parabola allowing it to detect incoming aircraft from almost any angle now this monster could detect the aircraft at a range of 20 miles and given the speed of aircraft at this time that gave you 15 minutes of advance warning that's quite a lot of time that's enough time certainly to get your defensive fighters to get your anti-aircraft guns to get whatever it was you were going to defend britain with to get them ready to do their job but it's also its biggest weakness now modern warfare is not like chess where the pieces just stay the same in fact it's a time of rapid evolutionary technological change in which weaponry is changing all the time in fact it's much more like a computer game that as you proceed further in warfare your weaponry changes so scientists and researchers they've got to keep up tucker's problem was that aircraft were advancing so whereas you would have 15 minutes warning at one period as aero engines improved as airplanes improved you suddenly would only have 10 minutes warning so top speed of uh say the workhorse plane in world war one would be about 80 miles an hour by 1935 you're looking at 250 miles an hour and then by the battle of britain you're looking at planes moving in excess of 300 miles an hour the top speed of a junkers 88 bomber that's a real workhorse bomber of the luftwaffe that's 315 miles an hour that's more than five miles a minute so that detection time has dropped down to less than four minutes that's not a lot in the meantime what did tucker actually have to work with here he had a curved piece of concrete there was no technological advance to make this a better piece of curved concrete and you also had the problem there were all sorts of other noises that might be coming from around and about which would interfere with the reception of that aeroplane that was coming in in the distance one report on the effectiveness of these sound mirrors revealed that actually human spotters with their eyes could detect the aircraft quicker than these great big mirrors the final blow which shatters the image of the sound mirror for good is the invention of radar in 1935. radar is more effective than a sound mirror because it operates using radio waves so the likelihood of interference that you get with tucker's sound wall is ruled out radar simply got better and better so that by the time of the battle of britain in the summer of 1940 you had 21 rdf stations around the coast that could actually search aeroplanes out 80 miles in the distance that's four times as good as the very best sound locators could ever manage clearly the authorities made the right choice in going with radar rather than going with sound location in 1939 the acoustic detection program is wound up and tucker is transferred elsewhere the air ministry made this somewhat half-hearted attempt to demolish this big mirror but you know it's really hard to blow up these massive lumps of concrete they're the size of five or six domestic houses with steel all the way through them if you want to blow them up you're going to create a shock wave that's going to shatter windows for scores of miles around you just can't do it they are there to stay so in one respect at least the sound mirrors had the last laugh on radar they're still there [Music] coming up the us army is building a giant igloo what they've built is a city under the ice they've got a little portable nuclear reactor the place is constantly melting what could possibly go wrong [Applause] when the war goes cold things get even weirder us army is looking for a new base the obvious choice the arctic it's a place where humankind simply cannot survive so they've got to keep it warm the place is constantly melting the reactor room ceiling lowers by five feet it was terribly impractical from the start 1950s and the cold war is raging with the advent of long-range bombers and intercontinental ballistic missiles the americans are looking for a base in which to make sure that they're covered for attacking russia should they need to the u.s particularly seeks to create bases that supported nuclear launch capabilities and they need just the right location for it the obvious choice the arctic it's remote it's inaccessible it's hard to detect things there and it's within easy range of the ussr in 1959 they find what they're looking for just under 1 300 kilometers from the north pole attention is ultimately drawn to a place that the u.s will call camp century in northern greenland particularly the northwestern side of the island camp century is not a great holiday destination frankly it gets to temperatures of about -70 and it has winds of about 125 miles an hour this isn't somewhere that anyone is going to want to wander out to [Music] the us army project is shrouded in secrecy now greenland is of course effectively under danish control and they don't even tell the danes exactly what they're doing at camp century [Music] they tell them that they're establishing a remote research community they even produce like a propaganda film about it to tell people what it's all about also they've got a little portable nuclear reactor they're going to test that there this is just a place for research you know we're not going to be doing anything else there so everything's good work on the camp begins in 1960 the americans come up frankly with a pretty ingenious building material it's called snow and there's a lot of it about the site is constructed by excavating a series of trenches creating almost what is like a street grid they then cover over the top of the trenches with a corrugated steel and then snow is used over the top of it so it's literally an underground you can't say that really under snow settlement the main trench the longest what it was called main street was over a thousand feet long and 25 feet wide and to make sure the camp is well hidden they dig it deep the complex stretches some eight meters beneath the ice and contains around 200 soldiers camp century is almost like a city and so far as it has the things that you would associate with a small town it's got shops it's got laundry it's got recreational facility for everyone it's got mess halls it's got lava trees it's got wash houses probably got a little cinema he's got kitchens it even has a little base mask he's a cute siberian husky called mukluk camp century also has a clever water system installed they dig a well and then they pump steam down into it to melt ice they're actually melting snowfall from 2000 years ago which goes towards producing up to 10 000 gallons of water a day for the soldiers to drink [Music] but the americans don't know what they're dealing with they have unleashed something far more destructive than they could possibly imagine camp century has a big enemy well you might think that's the soviet union but actually its own biggest enemy is the heat it generates human beings generate heat all of the equipment generates heat and what's happening is the place is constantly melting so they're on a losing mission at all times it is a pretty vital thing that was missed when they were putting it together in an effort to fight off the constantly melting reality of the camp the crews are on an almost constant basis having to trim tunnels and also the roofing ice is constantly melting and if they don't compensate for that structures can collapse but this still doesn't stop the us military from implementing yet another ingenious plan the army imagines a dramatic expansion of camp century it was called project ice worm the idea is to build two and a half thousand miles of tunnels under the ice you heard me two and a half thousand miles of tunnels and there you're going to put 600 intercontinental ballistic missiles ready to strike havoc against the soviet union it's mad what could possibly go wrong one word shape-shifting they're planning to create this incredibly big complex on an ice sheet the americans have implemented all this on the idea that ice is completely solid and static whereas the ice shelf is constantly moving and evolving and in the arctic this happens on a massive scale now you can't just put nuclear weapons in tunnels burrowed into ice because you know you're going to have ice moving suddenly it's collapsed and you've lost your nuclear weapon this is nuts problems that they experienced in the initial construction of camp century were going to then be expanded to this massive almost biblical scale with project ice worm and so it was terribly impractical from the start three years after the initial excavation geologists at camp century examine ice core samples from the site they look at the degradation of the ice and they do some calculations and they figure out that places where they intend to mount the missiles are just going to collapse also the one thing we know about nuclear reactors the afghan scientists they generate a lot of heat no wonder then that the reactor room ceiling lowers by five feet the us government realizes that the entire station is going to have to be abandoned within two years so they put the whole thing on ice in 1966 surprise surprise the base is abandoned but there's another far more dangerous side effect to the project when they left camp century the americans didn't clean up after themselves everything from their reactors waste human waste sewage chemical biological waste 200 000 liters of diesel and oil i mean the place became a kind of toxic pigsty they just left assuming that would be encased in the ice and they'd never see or hear from it again as the sheets start to melt this toxic bomb is being unleashed upon an unsuspecting world all of this stuff will hit the atmosphere again and will be out in the open and there's no telling what it might do environmentally it seems outrageous to build a secret nuclear missile launch station on greenland but that is something that we actually did and i can't help but reflect on all of the money that went down the cold war toilet but there is one thing that has been extracted from the ice camp century on one level yeah it's a farce it's a cold war comedy but thanks to all these ice cores being drilled out by the scientists there we've got this great record of a hundred thousand years of what was going on on the planet which has advanced all fields from paleontology to meteorite impact it taught people a hell of a lot but the actual purpose that they set out to achieve which was to construct this massive underground network of missiles to attack the soviet union if need be was a complete failure this is a chapter from the history of the cold war that may have taken the word cold a little too literally you

Channel: War Stories

Views: 58,148

Keywords: bizarre battle tactics, curious war facts, eccentric military events, eccentric war stories, forgotten battles, historical abnormalities, little-known battles, military trivia, offbeat war history, peculiar military facts, quirky battles, rare war stories, strange historical facts, strange military history, unconventional warfare, unconventional weapons, unusual inventions, unusual military stories, unusual war tactics, weird military facts

Id: gwpBNWo-wXg

Length: 43min 36sec (2616 seconds)

Published: Sun May 01 2022