The Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies with Charles Liu & Neil deGrasse Tyson – Cosmic Queries

[Music] this is StarTalk sports edition and this time we're doing a cosmic queries grab bag got with me Chuck O'Reilly Chuck Nice you just Just Married us yes I had to take Gary's name what does that mean look nice I think of you as my one common conjoined co-host I'm sorry so Chuck Nice good to have you there man yes Dr Frankenstein good to be here all right Gary O'Reilly former footballer from the UK and broadcaster yes of him for us very good to have you this is a grab bag and anytime we have a grab bag this is like the batch signal going up into the clouds we got to reach for our geek in Chief the one the only okay hold your applause till the end a friend and colleague uh astrophysicist Charles Liu who's a professor of astronomy and physics at the City University of New York in Staten Island and and always good to have you here you're a fan favorite and so you're going to help us in this grab bag I mean I might be able to do some but when it comes to really geeky answers to cool questions I am unworthy and I will just sit back oh Neil you don't have to say that but I'm happy to be here it's always fun so and and the questions are always the best they're always cool they're always cool so Gary Chuck you got questions lined up yes uh right let's start with um one of our very favorites and I can't do the voice anywhere near the ability to Chuck has but it's Alejandro no no give it a check why are you reading it they're chuck chuck oh I I didn't know we were starting here so I gotta I gotta go pull up I gotta pull up Alejandro pull up the message so again all of our uh all of our Cosmic queries today are exclusively asked by patreon members with our new entry level category we have five dollars a month so you can't argue with that all right here we go let's start it off with our friend Alejandro straight up Alejandro Reynoso who comes to us from Monterey Mexico and he says hello or should I say hola [Laughter] my question is how do you think we can use artificial intelligence in exploring the universe so there it is so so Charles Lou what do you have to say about Ai and our field Alejandro let me tell you you are right on the mark and in fact we are already trying to do precisely this um as many of you know I am part of the cosmos collaboration working with the James Webb Space Telescope Neil you're familiar with that uh yeah back when we were working on it with just the Hubble Space Telescope data right but now we have a James Webb Space Telescope the cosmos collaboration is a Consortium of people and institutions that have targeted sections of the sky just to hammer it as with as many kinds of telescopic observations and detectors as possible to learn pra basically everything knowable about sections of the sky that we target so continue so now we've applied this to the James Webb so what do you have really right well the James Webb Space Telescope first Seasons uh most significant observing project is to use the James Webb to aim at the cosmos field which you described so aptly just a few seconds ago and so we are spending 270 hours of James Webb time in just a small patch of Sky about the size of your pinky fingernail and as a result of length yeah when you're looking up at the sky at arm's length yeah yeah nut finger in your eyeball right right yeah that would be difficult so so there's literally terabytes and terabytes worth of data coming from all the different observatories around the world and James Webb is just let layering on that next layer of information about this patch of sky and no human being can individually process all of that information in any meaningful way in a human lifetime so what we need instead is the opportunity to use machines machine learning deep learning artificial intelligence to help us make sense of all of this incredible amount of information so for example we had information about possibly 2 million or so galaxies within this Cosmos field ranging all the way out to 13 and a half billion light years away just to be clear this fingernail at arms length blots out 2 million galaxies right on the sky that is correct to the edge of these numbers okay right so mad oh okay I'm sorry no I'm just trying to get there okay I I just thought of something that's a whole nother question I'm not going to screw us up and get us off track remember you're not allowed to ask questions okay you have five bucks on you wait hold on let me do you take credit cards what's the expiry so each of these two million galaxies has thousands of pieces of information about it that have been gathered by all these telescopes that have been trained on it for the past 20 years off and on and now we've added James Webb on top can we make a pattern can we understand what actually matters can we ask ourselves can we look at all two millimeters galaxies and find something new actually probably not but using artificial intelligence we can do that we can say here are the parameters of what we think are normal can you please find for us all the normal things and then all the abnormal things and then tell us what is normal and what is abnormal or in between right and what should we be looking at that allows us to sort of understand the change of the galaxies in the universe from 13 billion years ago to the present day I mean that's a heady question which any individual human can sort of grab the most creative and interesting ways but processing all of that information AI is the answer we're not there yet so Charles why isn't this why is it why isn't this just more powerful Computing rather than what people generally today think of as AI great because we've we've always wanted we've always treated computers ever since computers have been brought to our our field to we've needed it to to reduce and analyze massive amounts of data even when massive amounts of data in the day was only a kilobyte or you know or megabyte yeah so now we're up to terabytes so isn't it just more powerful Computing number crunching question as opposed to thinking great yes it's really thinking number crunching has been going up it actually is extremely important and you're right that's most of what computers are doing for us in astronomy today but it's that next step I think it started maybe three or four years ago that we really started shifting over toward machine learning and artificial intelligence so both are still working hand in hand together and you know in in the current circumstance the AI part is still in its infancy a lot of times when people publish scientific results that they found using AI or machine learning they're probably not right uh but we publish them anyway because we say hey it might be right please let us let the rest of us colleagues go back and check to see if what this machine found is actually something in reality the all-important verification step that's right right so compare all of that to neural Nets well neural net is just another way that we can abstractly map the idea of intelligence and pattern recognition right right current because we think that's our brain works as we say neural right that's right just the connectivity to following patterns and and whatever it is that might manifest that's right uh the neural net itself is a pretty complicated thing but we can strip it down to very basic components and say can you do a one-dimensional or two-dimensional a three-dimensional discussion about all this information try to make connections that otherwise wouldn't be able to see if we were just trying to use one CPU by itself you know one brain or one Processing Unit um the neural Nets in our brains are not just three-dimensional they're four five six ten you know each uh neuron attaches in many unusual ways to many others so there's a sort of an emergence of awareness that comes about from you how these networks of that kind of complexity so these are the things I I think you did a cosmos episode on this right Neil once yeah about how intelligence and the concept of a very complicated neural net like a human brain can actually be more complicated than even an entire galaxy worth of stars and their interactions and so forth it's very very powerful but orally understood all right yeah are we looking for the right things I mean using AI obviously should be an advantage but are we looking for the right because this must be things out there we don't know exist but we should be looking for but we don't know to look for them is AI going to be able to assist in Us in that kind of capture of data in other words can it discover what it's not looking for right thank you it can it can discover what it's not looking for that's a great question it can discover what it's not looking for if we tell it to look for things that it's not looking for right so in a sense uh your your number crunching right data reduction or say computational work that will give you the answers to things that you are looking for now you tell a machine and say these are what we are looking for can you tell us any exceptions to what we found so anything it would have to be something anomalous but wouldn't you have to program the parameters of what an anomaly is no no you only have to know what we're familiar with and anything that well anything else so okay so that means it well that is kind of that's the easiest part of the easiest part of the job if it doesn't fit stick it in it right it goes oh that's odd okay now let's look at that the search for outliers in fact 60 years ago one of our colleagues did that he looked at all these beautiful galaxies in the night sky it was a beautiful spiral and a beautiful elliptical shaped Galaxy who ordered this one which was Tangled and mangled and he made a catalog of just the Tangled mangled looking galaxies and it was called the atlas of peculiar galaxies and it was just it was the catch Basin of nothing that fit anything else and it and Charles you remember it became one of the most studied catalogs in the Canon of cosmology Alton C ARP chip Arps Atlas A peculiar galaxies published in 1966. yes tremendously interesting and what it was was it turned out that chip arp's ideas of why they looked peculiar were incorrect but by putting them together into a catalog people could look at them and start wondering and thinking about what actually was going on and it helped us understand that galaxies Collide that they crash into each other and they create amazing structures which we could not have imagined had they not collided and that led to the entire field of computational astrophysics as applied to galaxies and by the way we needed the computers to make that happen so that was in the 1970s computing power Rose to then say well I wonder what a Galaxy would look like if it collided with another galaxy hey that matches arp's catalog number 32.3 and and then you and then you look at it at a different angle that's a different object in the catalog and so all of a sudden we don't explain all the galaxies just as witnesses to train wrecks you guys keep saying Collide when you say galaxies Collide is it that the galaxies gravity affects another Galaxy's gravity or are you looking at actual objects hitting one another because aren't galaxies so spread out what is it what's an actual Collision look on the case what a beautiful question beautiful beautiful question when galaxies collide when galaxies collage that's a movie title right there we need that one they uh they do the stars are so far apart that they almost never hit each other directly so it's like swarms of bees uh Hornets you know nests Wings rats through one another and affecting one another from a distance okay but uh a collision doesn't have to happen only uh when a physical object hits another physical object what you said the gravitational effect of one object affecting the other is indeed as much of a collision uh as we might think of say two vehicles hitting one another or something and so instead you get these twists and turns you get bends you get loops and whirls and it is all gravitational yes indeed so yeah so we counted a gravitational encounter as a collision because they affect each other but I I've Quantified this B analogy so if there were four bumblebees flying randomly across the continental United States the chances of them accidentally bumping into one another is the same as two stars colliding in a in a in two galaxies uh in an encounter so yeah basically two stars are not going to physically Collide but they'll all feel each other's gravity and that's enough to make a train wreck so and a beautiful train wreck they can be these kinds of train wrecks cause the formation of new stars new planets uh sometimes in the billions at a time they feed supermassive black holes they create quasars and active nuclei they're one of the most important engines of the evolution of the universe itself wow look at that we gotta take a quick break when we come back more Cosmic queries grab back we'll be right back we're back StarTalk sports edition Cosmic queries grab bag with our geek in Chief Charles Lou all right and of course Chuck and Gary what so what give me some more questions we're on a roll here okay um this one I think is pretty topical so this is from Samuel Fairchild greetings from San Antonio Texas what can we learn from The Runaway supermassive black hole that was spotted by the Hubble telescope trailing a 200 000 light year-long tale of new star formations um answers please oh it is most likely a classic example of what happens when galaxies Collide when galaxies Collide yeah lots of things can happen so far away no they couldn't be far away we hope they're far away but they could be close by remember in a few billion years the Andromeda galaxy will collide with the Milky Way then we'll have a close-up view of what happens when galaxies Collide so the story is this right you have a Galaxy and it's about a hundred thousand light years across here comes another galaxy that's also a hundred thousand light years across they hit each other at just the right angle and you can pull trail of gas outward a couple hundred thousand light years long wow when that happens you're basically creating a stream of new stars forming all along this Trail and so there's your 200 000 light years long trail of new stars form meanwhile part of that collusion could have hit and you know there are many different ways galaxies can Collide but perhaps at just the right angle and at just the right speed the supermassive black hole in one of those galaxies got stripped out of the body of the galaxies that are colliding so whereas the rest of the Galaxy's material is sort of coalescing into a single blob that supermassive black hole is out on a trajectory that looks like it's following that gas going outward there's a lot of possibilities and we've only just begun to figure out what's going on and by the way is the gas unlike the Stars the gas doesn't really pass through itself when the gas collides it it'll it's like two hot marshmallows sticking so a lot of interesting things can happen right on the gas part of the colliding galaxies yes separate from the Stars right you can often think of the gas in a galaxy like the water in a swimming pool or something they they have a dissipative force they are viscous even though they're very sparse by Earth standards they wind up out in space sort of along the millions of years type time scales and the millions of light years type size scales acting very similarly to what you might expect so Charles I did an episode of Nova science now once where it was exactly that reference I was at a swimming pool and I had a I I had a bucket if I remember this correctly I think I had a bucket of ping pong balls and so did someone else and we tossed them towards each other and only a few of the ping pong balls hit would hit each other but then we had buckets of water through the buckets of water at each other and the water just like it it was there that you said fantastic yeah it was fun and we did it in slow-mo and you can see it it was pretty cool all right next question up is from MO Moe Aloha Neil and Chuck what evidence can you provide to show that we aren't in a simulation aren't are not oh interesting okay proving the negative can you prove here's the story right I have an attempt at it but going on I want to hear what yes Linda Descartes hundreds of years ago right the guy who you know after whom we've named the Cartesian coordinate plane but also a great philosopher a rationalist of his time right right basically therefore I am yes yes that's right and he basically set out the idea that if there were a simulation that was good enough we would not be able to tell there's just no philosophical way to tell as long as the simulation is good enough so the only evidence that we can give that we are in a simulation is if somehow we see a glitch you may remember the movie Inception uh when the people in the dreams were trying to figure out whether or not they were in reality or not in a reality and one particular person figured out that he was in a dream because the texture of the carpet was different from what he remembered in reality right so every single piece of evidence out in the universe has to be consistent with what we think is real right and if not if there's a glitch then we're in a simulation we can also go to the Matrix and talk about that okay and how you when okay yeah the reason they were able to know they were in a simulation was because something just didn't happen correctly that's the only way according to Descartes that we can prove that we are in a simulation but how can we prove we're not in one you just have to keep looking for the glitches oh wow look at that but so if if we don't find any glitches we're either not in a simulation or it's a perfect simulation and therefore what's the point of even distinguishing the correct okay so with that with that lineup with paranormal activities outing as a glitch so paranormal activities are not you know following the laws of nature or physics or what have you with that count as a truck let's say that what are we called definition or a miracle a miracle is something that happens outside of the laws of physics Miracles and paranormal activity at this point in our understanding of the universe our only things that we don't understand yet there's nothing that's been shown to be conclusively a violation of the laws of physics just something that we haven't explained the rest of physics yet Jesus walking on Border moderates a ton of a ton of laws of physics right there if that actually happened in all in all defense he has some really good sandals okay he got Jesus said right now okay so so we all have to think about these questions uh as skeptically and as optimistically as we can at the same time right okay I gotta add another another pop culture reference sure my single favorite episode of the two and a half Seasons or whatever it was a Black Mirror was the episode titled hang the DJ which has nothing to do with the entire story uh it's the name of the song that you hear at the end in that it's a dating Community you go you date multiple people to see who when you like and then at the end you get married to them and we learn should I give it away I have to give it away otherwise I can't talk about it we learned that all the people in this story are being simulated but you don't know this because you're with them and they're testing their dating and oh that didn't work out let's date another I got to stay three months with this person it's all prescribed and it's all do it and they hate each other or they love each other whatever and what are the people one of the women who likes skipping rocks skipped rocks and said you know every time I skip rock it only skips three times some Should Skip One and some Should Skip four she just she just tossed it up and you don't even know to pay attention to that when that's happening all right these are characters that have their own sense of Free Will and one of them noticed that every time she skipped rocked it was exactly and identically three times and we later learned that all of these people are a simulation so that when at the end you emerge and the two people they escape the the simula they escape this place and as they escape you see the digitization of things happening and the next scene are two people meeting up in a bar who are matched by that simulation it was like it's the ultimate swipe left right yes yeah yeah so the simulation tested everybody's compatibilities and it was like oh my but in it was that one observation so ever since then and a little bit before then I've been checking for things that maybe should have different kind of variation than what should that's interesting about the carpet though Charles yeah do we then project I'll desire to find a glitch into our thinking and observations yes without question Gary that's a great points we humans are biased in One Direction or another in general right yeah and and just like it's very hard for all of us to be rational all the time and maybe we shouldn't be the circumstance is of our detecting whether we're in a simulation or not are almost secondary in importance to whether or not we are in whatever environment we are it's real or simulated and live the way we want to live and do the things we want to do so in my recent book story messenger I reflect on what a simulated world would be and I use that as evidence that we're not in a simulated world you know what it is a simulated world is created by computers and computers are absolutely logical and scope no set of computers would ever create the world we live in so it's the inanity defense it's like Earth is inane in every way computers have higher Integrity than that even in a population that's my evidence that's great evidence except that you may be putting too much stock in our inanity it may well be that inanity is an inherent part of logical systems would a computer be able to generate or recreate love easily depends on what you think love is I got that this is where I'm past that okay so so watch watch you get everybody who's in love with something or some other person right and then you do a brain scan and I'm making this up but it's plausible you do a brain scan and everyone has the same part of their brain lit up right while they have these feelings of love right then you take someone who doesn't have those areas of the brain lit up and show them something that's completely neutral right like a book just a book cover or something then you light up that part of their brain and see if they fall in love with the book and if they do we know exactly what love is it's the neurosynaptic of this section of the brain there it is and we can create it for you if you wanted if two people are long marriage and they're falling out of love go back and re-stimulate they're back in love if they like Newlyweds I mean Paul clearly love is a neurochemical synaptic function of the brain yes I mean it is it just has to be on a biological level otherwise you know I mean you can attach ethereal uh qualities to it yes but I mean people who if you don't have if you are brain dead you can't be in love right here in fact you don't have to be fully brain dead you can be partly brain dead in that section that would matter in that category right but sometimes it makes no sense no no way as a matter of fact we have people who are incapable of Love okay we call them sociopaths yes and they're capable of of empathy yes capable of everything but you have to have empathy to have love so imagine imagine a person all right so it does not imagine a person that is somehow perhaps what we might call defective and unable to experience empathy or love the this person carefully studies thousands of people who are happily in love figures out all the behaviors that are observable from an outside person of how to be a person who expresses and shows love and then just mimics all those behaviors beautifully running into a person or choosing a person to treat that person that way to work with that person that way to do the things with that person that all those other people would love her behaving is that person exhibiting love to another person that's why we go inside your brain with the brain scan that's what my point is for that's the whole point of the brain scan if you don't have that part of the brain lit up but you behave as if that part of the brain were lit up obviously you're not alone behaving with love so I'm going away from a utilitarian standpoint no you are not because the only reason you would do that is because somehow you're being served otherwise you would not be a sociopath you would actually be exhibiting love itself right right perhaps your definition of behaving in a way that's self-serving is to behave in a way that everybody else in the world looks to you as if you are in love but then are you you may not be from your brain's point of view that's why I introduced that's why I introduce you science here where you go inside the brain but the point of that I'm asking you a different kind of science from the observable perspective assuming no hidden variables okay assuming that the interior of the brain is unknowable I'm not have to assume something that's not true but Quantum Mechanics for example suggest that indeed there are things about particles at certain levels which are not observable and I agree but we're talking about your brain and not a particle can your brain behave in that way if the brain were considered not something that you can poke in prod what if love in fact does not light up the same part of your brain all right when we come back more start talk sports edition Cosmic queries with our geek and chief Charles Lou we'll be right back we're back start talking sports edition Cosmic queries grab bag The Geek in Chief Charles Luke Charles how do we find you on the internet oh well uh at Chuck Liu c-h-u-c-k-l-i-u on Twitter and at the universe t-h-e-l-i-u and i v e r s e uh on a wide variety of platforms the luniverse yeah podcast is going wherever you get your podcasts uh we had lots of conversation fun with that yeah all right cool cool and Chuck nice you're still Chuck Nice comic everywhere sir thank you everywhere cool cool Gary are you still three left feet Yes I am on Twitter on Twitter all right my three left feet my three left feet got it sorry sorry so uh we got more questions here bring it on we have right Matt Berg says hello from Sheboygan Falls I believe that's Wisconsin you're welcome uh I have used many of your discussions in my classroom to have my middle school students think a bit deeper about things teacher in the house all right excellent is simple so here we go pay attention is this sit comfortably sit up straight uh is there a simple way to ever do that in school what are you talking about stop now is there a simple way to explain to students what our universe is expanding into in other words if the big bang theory created everything in our universe does that mean that there has to be something outside of our universe or how can there be a nothing that is being expanded into at the moment at this moment this uh gentleman Matt Berg his mind starts to hurt that's not so bad that's not that's all the great question and in fact I'll just have you know that a friend of mine who is a doctor graduated from IB League school in Stanford and stuff asked me that very same question not that long ago so you are in good company uh Mr Berg here's the my way of explaining it you are at the center of the universe right now when we make measurements and try to figure out where the center of the universe was that it was expanding out of it always goes to you whoever is observing observes that they are the center of the universe so in other words we are part of the big bang when the universe was microscopically Tiny that is what has become us today there's no central point because we are at the center the center just happens to have gotten really really big that's one way of thinking about where the center of the universe is you are the center of the universe I'm sure your mom told you that at one time or another or you thought this over that at one time or another one shows you that that's right in fact so what are we expanding into because that's what it started the expansion into you can think of as a different dimension you can think of it as a say space being three-dimensional length width and height expanding into a fourth dimension which is yes with the fourth dimension of space which is not linked with their height or you can actually think of it as a four-dimensional space time where the expansion direction is in time you know where T equals zero at Time Zero is the Big Bang the universe is very small and now time has gone on T is about 13.8 billion years and now the universe has expanded in that fourth dimension of time you can find lots of different ways of thinking about it that are mathematically equivalent so maybe if you're not like exactly getting the way that I'm describing it maybe the way that you foresee it or think about it or Envision it is just as mathematically valid as the way that I'm talking about it right now wow that's uh that was elegant Charles I got to give it to you that was I I can't take credit for that really cool well thank you Chuck but um you know remember I I didn't come up with this right our uh scientific uh forebears you know have been working on this for a long time and when they first came up with these ideas they were hard-pressed to explain them and understand them because they're so different from what we thought about when we were in those times so I'm just I like that I like to add to it that you can have a Multiverse where everybody's expanding but if you're embedded in a higher Dimension then you will not necessarily Collide even if you can go to Infinity so if you if you take a sheet of paper and send it to Infinity in every directions so it's an infinitely large sheet of paper now I can take another sheet of paper lift it off of that into a higher Dimension a third dimension right right and now it's just quote parallel to the other one that can go to infinity and never intersect the other sheet and I can do that into Infinity through Infinity and beyond infinity and beyond yeah so all right so if you embed our three dimensions into a higher Dimension you can expand higher dimensions and then they'll never Collide if they're all in a dimension yet higher than themselves so yeah it's amazing so what else we got there's a Gary or Chuck who's got the next question you want another one just like the other one bring it on um all right partic Karthik is from Germany if the Earth's magnetic field is caused by the iron inner core rotating within the magma outer core how does gas giant planets like Jupiter also have a magnetic field do we know anything about the composition of the interior of the gas giants we do and the answer we think at this moment is that far enough down in a gas giant like Jupiter the hydrogen which we think of as a gas turns into a metal it becomes what we call metallic hydrogen and so you have a core of metal of conducting stuff that can swirl just like the core of metal in the earth and that's how you can get a magnetic field that's what we can be clear we didn't pull this out of our ass if you remember your your body what do you mean the if you remember your periodic table of elements hydrogen is if it's a full fleshed out table hydrogen appears twice once in the upper left and once in the upper right once in the upper left is hanging out with the the metals and in the upper right it's hanging out with the gases and if I remember that correctly Charles is that right it should be written that way yes written that way and I said why is it twice and somebody said well sometimes it's metallic it's a freaking gas what the hell are you talking about later I'm I would learn Under Pressure behaves just like a metal does just like iron and so yeah so it doesn't have an iron core but it's got a metallic hydrogen core under all that pressure for sure and there it is running the running the Dynamo uh on Jupiter rather ferocious one at that yes oh yeah look at that that was good we got one more in there quick one Pim bileck I was wondering what you think is the biggest obstacle for developing working warp drive and would you see this becoming a reality and if yes when curious about Charles theoretical view on this oh impatient yeah patreon member all right so him here's the answer Charles has already built a warp engine in his basement and he can't tell you when it's going to be released because you know that's classified information the 1.3 gigawatts [Laughter] the thing that is most blocking our ability to create create a warp drive quickly is physics the actual ability to travel faster than light at this point through the universe that we have right now uh we don't have it we don't have that ability so you have to find a way to travel through space but not in the way that everything else travels through space so can we actually do what the Star Trek folks are thinking or Miguel and kubiere said where you create a Subspace field and you put yourself inside a warp bubble which can travel through space faster than time because the warp bubble can you can't right or is it some other way where you actually have to exit our three dimensions uh and go into a fourth spatial Dimension and then come back in these are the questions the basic fundamental physics are still Beyond us we can imagine uh we can have fun with it when we're going to have it next Wednesday next Wednesday at 3 pm according to according to reliable sources the date is April 5th 2063. that is according to Star Trek first Contact the movie where uh Picard he's going to go back from Cochrane in Montana the one who invented the drive that event happened on April 5th 2063. okay well there it is then we got it wow I gotta tell you that was amazing reality imitating uh art and yeah make that happen all right I'm looking back so I might I'm gonna put that in my calendar right now right when we're done here we will party all right Charles always good to have you man thanks so much all right love to the family and you Chuck Nice always good to have you there Gary we're all in here all right the pleasure to start talk sports edition Cosmic queries grab bag that's like the randomness fun anyone can ever have yeah all right Neil deGrasse Tyson here thanks for listening and as always keep looking up foreign [Music]

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Keywords: startalk, star talk, startalk radio, neil degrasse tyson, neil tyson, science, space, astrophysics, astronomy, podcast, space podcast, science podcast, astronomy podcast, Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies, Halton Arp, black hole, Descarte, The Matrix, glitch, simulation, Inception, paranormal activity, miracles, Black Mirror, love, brain scan, expansion of the universe, expansion, multiverse, higher dimensions, magnetic field, molten core, hydrogen, Jupiter, gas giant, warp drive, neural net

Id: SEmTKlKjKPM

Length: 41min 5sec (2465 seconds)

Published: Fri May 12 2023