StarTalk Podcast: Cosmic Queries about Cosmic Phenomena, with Neil deGrasse Tyson and Godfrey

this is Startalk I'm your host Neil deGrasse Tyson your personal astrophysicist today we're doing a fan favorite edition of cosmic queries and I got with me I've never had him before Godfrey hey then I'd freeze up Godfrey tweeting at Dodd freak Godfrey comedian not get Godfrey commedia didn't use your last name Don Chima that's you I thought you MA okay that's fine it's too long long too weird it's you weird it could sound Japanese some type of all the bathrooms two doors down we can email we're sending it to you a night I need an extra push I go you need that last bit to drop not one of the cosmic query if we start out with scat jokes at the beginning there's no place to go after that anyhow no it's cool having you on man thanks I listen I've been watching your shows I see you on a Bill Maher show real time the hot air I know I just try to put it right but you know how you step in you say little thing let the scientists talk I'm proud of that man right there that's right he's articulate and smart in your cosmos you get it's awesome because my he's to watch cosmos my dad with Carl Sagan oh yeah took over the reins and they're nice when I saw you a 14 year old kid you met calls he gave him you he gave you his number his phone number so I had people say to me I should I should have told him that the bus really couldn't come through and I have to spend the night in Cornell because he gave me the phone number case the bus believed action to the city I believed it wouldn't happen no but I was too honest back there to on Oh Mike will you like was he like the nicest dude ever he was very polite and very he was it was almost he cared I mean that's really right arid care about the trajectory of others who would come behind him not enough people do that in all the professions one called it's called comedy yeah my friends suck hey man can you tweet for me I don't know it might take my followers yeah that crap but Carl was like yeah he was WOW and genuine person yeah he could have at least given you his turtleneck and his jacket too sweet just his elbow patches his elbow patches we're awesome and you said cuz I we were talking before we started the show and I thought that he was a guy who said billions and billions of stories he only said the word once at any billion time and Johnny Carson Johnny Carson was the one who doubled up on him is it imitating and with no I can do Johnny Carson right all right let me hear okay what I did not know that Wow stuff Carl Sagan I go watch this Wow billions and billions and then Ed go oh oh oh can I get some Johnny Carson fan low okay for everyone over 60 I like that boy does Johnny Carson okay go ahead we got some this is a cosmic queries edition on cosmic phenomena I haven't seen the questions before hold from our fan base and so you got him you are alum you have the steering wheel say deal so let's bring it on okay hmm I'm gonna read one from a patreon patreon these are oh yes yes so these are people who support the show and so basically they extort her set up to get their questions asked first patreon was a name like an alien named Cosmo so I thought it was the Klingons the patron my name is this guy's name it's a little annoying okay well why'd you just spell your name like CY le so it looks like sy o welcome but it's Kyle trying to be a jewel that show you don't like when Christina it's wit a--they and hey it's all okay here we're okay I was a patreon kyle Yocum he's from Tennessee all right I think I'm gonna use an accent for this one okay that's Texas more than Tennessee okay what's this man as long as you don't know where it is I don't like how you specify I'm at night sometimes I say some I got some so don't think that I couldn't okay so what's this this good one that's her see backwood Georgia okay how about this alright here we go how's that one that is ranch Texas okay okay hmm go right back to the same one yeah that's a little better Tennessee up from Tennessee yeah there we go Tennessee okay here we go cow Yocum here's the here's the UH the question all right ready here we go okay the math of Einstein's equations shows nothing can reach the speed of light if it has mass but if we discovered a mass less particle that could be accelerated beyond light speed and travel backwards in time the instant it did would it begin to decelerate again since acceleration required forward movement in time and going backwards in time would be the reverse if so it seems it would just be stuck at exactly light speed could this be why photons are always traveling at that speed hmm like he was repeating something that was obvious but no but obvious to whom to say would it reverse it's almost like he said the incident did would it begin to decelerate like that's almost like a common sense okay so the way the way it works on the other side okay would you cross over these time steins equations so anything with mass cannot accelerate to reach the speed of light okay that's not that it's never been seen nor is it theoretically possible and tried it so we have experimental evidence theoretical foundation and the like so things that travel speed might have no mass at all like photons which he correctly noted right okay so now we we my my brethren of decades ago my academic brethren hypothesized a particle that lives faster than light so it doesn't have the problem of accelerating to the speed of light right because it just lives faster than the speed of light Wow okay so if you have such a particle what would happen to it well it would live backwards in time hmm and that we call this particle tachyons Wow from the Greek Takas meaning fast like a tachometer is the same route so that'd be like Usain Bolt's to Cathy on we finally got the word Tac y hy is a common route when people are refer to things going fast where speed is the measure of that so we hypothesized that there might be a particle called tachyons the attacks are really cool if you think about it because if you if I sent it to you now you would have gotten it before I sent it Wow so that's kind of cool so yeah yeah so you can imagine so I've thought about this here's an interesting scenario if you could text via cat tachyons right so I see you walk yeah and and you okay so there's a banana peel in your path okay okay so I don't want you to trip on it okay okay so but you already tripped on it okay so I send you a tachyon message that you get in the past right okay you got there were you with me okay okay yeah so I send you text and I say watch out for the banana peel oh I'm already on it then and then your your smartphone jiggles right you pick it up yeah read the text yeah and then you no longer looking where you're stepping right then you slip on the better well that depends on your own package I mean if you got sprint so it may be that changing yes the past might not be possible because the very act of me trying to interfere with you stepping on the banana peel is what actually made you step on the banana peel you you are not paying attention to the banana blue because you were reading the text that's right that I sent you to not step on the banana peel so are you saying that is it true that everything is happens at the same time well so so there's another way to think about that and saying if so if you have like a yardstick yeah you can say all the numbers are on that yardstick at the same time they're all just there right you can be eight inches 30 inches right there just there so imagine a time line that's just there you're born on one end you die on the other end it's just there so wherever you you could jump in jump out join yourself at any part of your lifetime right so therefore in a sense your timeline when viewed from a higher dimension is all happening at the same time time Oh deep I think I kind of got so so so so this is tachyon thinking tachyon brain already thought about it yesterday except re thought about except the timeline has to be thought of in the higher dimension that allows you to see the entire timeline all at once okay that's the only point that in our current dimensionality yes we are prisoners of the present yes forever transitioning between our inaccessible past and our inaccessible future okay then we just live in the present that's what it is all we can do we all we can do but a higher dimension being would say hey just rejoin who would that be Buddha but for many images I've seen illustrate there's a higher dimensional being nah but and who would that be though this is what I want to know you want to know from a human perspective now who's this higher being it'd have to be maybe the Dalai Lama if he meditates to a certain point okay so if you meditate but what I wonder is if meditation is happening interior to your brain and not ejected Lee verifiable by others outside of your brain so so if so if your mind experiences it yes then you go back in time in your mind sure but we're talking about a physical reality not a neurological Riya and meditation is all about your neurological reality but don't you need isn't mind and body the same thing or no oh no because we can pith your brain and your body you think you can do to your mind and your bodies are still there that's chosen hey I could take out this part of your brain and you can't speak this other party brain you can't recognize faces it's other part of your brain you lose your appetite I can do we know enough about the brain to know how to howto what the causes and effects are let me tell you something here's the reason why we don't know a lot about the brain you let me tell you why you got you got you got this you got got this not this would have got this what is it the reason why we don't know we still have mysteries about the brain is because we're using the brain to try to think about it so why would the brain give you that secret brains like I'm gonna give you all my stuff so you're asking a very deep question yeah and the mind yes understand itself we don't know and guess what what you just thought about the mind gave you so I as I think about it we are Assemblies of atoms and molecules okay in this universe right that the universe itself created right and we're on a mission to decode and understand the very operations of the universe itself okay so as has been said before we in a way huh are a pathway for the universe to figure itself out wow that's that's heavy I jus the fact that we can even approximate some of what is real in the universe gives me hope that our mind can figure out our mind mmm I think they would have to be something outside the mind to figure out the mind probably to do it best sure you have right now we're kind of groggy along it's like an unborn child deducing the nature of its mother you can't do it cuz you're inside exactly no idea what your mama looks like unless you have all these mirrors you can stick out Wow that would be scary you have like an alien sorry China's proper word that's scientifically proper if a hand came out to look at it's all goodness wait so so right so here you go so on the other side of the speed of light yes all the properties of tachyons include last I checked up on them that it would take an infinite amount of energy to slow them down to the speed of light Wow and they're capable of infinite speeds so that's what so if you want to take AI steins equations and flip them to the other side knowing you can't pass through the speed of light these are the properties what's going on that's heavy yeah that's fast yeah what is it 186,000 hundred eighty two miles per second wow that was that pretty good very significant figures and the speed of right let's go let's go take it was a good one Yocum take just took most of this segment okay okay okay no no no no no you don't like that one oh okay how about this one this is pretty simple a radio farmer from Facebook how much space is there inside a black hole ooh okay so you can measure the volume of the event horizon of the black hole one of the most poetic terms ever amazing given what it does to you mr. Cooper this one way you don't come back this is the zone within which there is no return yes event horizon event horizon of no say we gotta be saw a event horizon the event horizon and now another hours the event horizon one man the world starring Samuel Jackson where's that black hole of course it there's no complete movie without Samuel Jackson right wait what was the movie with Mark Wahlberg do his horizon it was a horizon movie oh no no that's that's a drilling movie but it was horizon no had horizon right so this cursor right there be an oceanic horizon haven't seen the movie but that's my guess right haven't either I saw the trailer right so in the universe we think of the horizon of the universe in the same way the horizon of this at sea Deepwater Horizon deepwater horizon but what a horizon so your horizon at sea you can see to that edge but you cannot see beyond it right so if you had no other data you might think that was your entire universe Wow unless you sort of moved towards the horizon right and if you're in the middle of the ocean the horizon doesn't really change very much it's still water so you could think there's water forever right and and brave people like the explorers of the 90 of the 16th and 17th centuries they kept going until they found land right I figured they thought they'd come around the backside and come get to the other side of the land they were on right but there was more land there's more like a new world as it of course was described so so so you can measure the volume of the event horizons very cleanly but but for reasons that remain a little bit mysterious when you run the equations or instance equations of what happens inside of a black hole it births an entire other space-time ok an entire other universe so if you can survive the fall into a black hole you can come out what you will see is the entire future history of the universe you came from unfold before your very eyes because time slows down for you and everything else would look like it's moving fast okay in the entire future history of your universe unfold before your very eyes and another universe opens up in front of you so that the black hole yeah as a portal to an entire other what we call space-time continuum right it's higher other universe that comes out of in Stein's equations the same equations that give us out the structure of our universe so no one's gone in to test this go back out but everything else about his equations work so it gives us high confidence that maybe this has happened in there too I mean what I want to know is okay that's why we talk about there's some variants of multiverse thinking where every black hole is just a conduit to whole other you know you think it's a whole other universe we have this intersect in two connected Warren's just stars being swallowed up little swallow star stars and again it becomes more math yeah never planets though we swallow anything things near it it comes near anything and nothing comes back nothing could well well there's a way know some people Hawking radiation Hawking radius yeah Hawking radiation so Hawking Stephen Hawking that Stephen Hawking he's famous legitimately famous for a whole lot of reasons yeah one of them was he calculated that the energy field surrounding the black hole remembering equals MC squared yeah it's the equivalence of mass and energy as energy field can spontaneously create particles right particle pairs matter and antimatter pairs one of which falls back into the black hole the other escapes into space okay so a black hole can essentially evaporate very slowly particle by particle evaporate by this phenomenon so that it can lose mass through its energy field because mass in energy or one in the same right and this is so this is called Hawking radiation so yes do come out but in a very different state than you went in Wow okay yeah yeah so God Godfrey goes in garbage atoms come out but then evaporation happens well we call it about we call it evaporation I don't know we don't know have a bad word we should come up with another word that's the closest collaboration it's like particle by particle Wow we gotta take a break when we come back more cosmic queries awesome with Godfrey on Startalk we are back on Startalk cosmic queries Edition and I got Godfrey amen yeah it's up Godfrey tweeting at Godfrey comedian yes that's right that's a lot of characters to give up to your Twitter handle is it Godfrey Kavya it's the only way it's the only way I wanted to be as short of just a god no cannot do that I'll show up not dude I would say well lowercase G okay lowercase because it cuz people will come up to me and go oh dude they can do it like in an arrogant do they call you God for sure you know me I'm like yes they do okay yes yes they do and you're a sinner yes are you ready so these are cosmic phenomena I haven't seen the question so bloody mom bring them on I'm bringing you let's see what I'm going to see what you get I see yet I got here Joshua Shoop Twitter okay aliens are so far away they can see our entire history as it's happening is that why they don't want to come here yes just let me clarify why that would be the case yes if you are at any distance from anything you're looking at right you see it not as it is but as it once was hmm I see you not as you are but as you were for billions of a second ago whoa so light takes about a nanosecond to go afoot a nanosecond to go for a billionth of a second so about four feet from me right now I see you as you once were four billionths of a second ago so now let's put let's put a civilization on Alpha century the nearest star system to ours that's four light-years away before light Oh seconds away from me right alpha centuries for light-years away so anybody there is watching if they were could get our signals they would be seeing earth what was going on four years ago there was another campaign for president obama was smashing that dummy what's that dummy's name oh that Mormon guy said guys they uh know he's so bad at Romney Mitt Romney yeah you could see him getting pummeled okay so they would be watching though that the last few weeks of that campaign okay all right in real time in real time as it was unfolding because the light is just arriving at them at the time Wow okay so now if you go farther or so here you go there's their galaxies that might be six there is 165 million light years away why did I pick that number yes the stuff that was happening here on earth 65 million years ago is only now just reaching this just reaching them just reaching them say let's check out the earth TV earth channel there we go this is a to t-rex imitation exactly so I'm sure that's what they sounded like [Laughter] so they would see the extinction of the dinosaurs because that's when the asteroid struck meteor a meteor struck the size of Mount Everest that's what they would be saying they would watch that in real time so so there's a lot of interesting history on earth that shouldn't preclude alien visitation at least maybe they visited the dinosaurs and Wow then you could ask why didn't they help him out you know I and you know if they were really checking so I was thinking they wouldn't come because of Trump know nothing you did but that was a very recent phenomena that has not had enough time reach any planets beyond our own solar system imagine so there's no understanding of recent current events that will do any aliens anywhere in the galaxy I don't want to Trump you but I go wrong that's what he did the whole road wrong so that's interesting I didn't think you would actually see the dying of the Dianetics ting ssin of the diner's yeah yeah so yes so they would have access to pending on their distance okay I would have access so what are some events so let's say I mean well it's a good example we'll were one in World War two pretty tragic times in the history of the earth 70 80 hundred years ago and they might say these people have messed up right right and say when we will not come anywhere near this is this is the in summary yeah aliens have never visited because according to them there's no sign of intelligent life on earth Wow there it is there it is yeah that's that's got it okay I think you nailed that all right I think okay I got called kneeling it by the way way say it's called kneeling kneeled it you know you kneeled it slow faster than their no because I'm looking at you from some light years away oh okay good come back you get one time till I come back okay all right you get one of those personnel slow maybe people are slow because of light years they're not really here yet so there's no such thing as being cement Elise Lowe it's just their perspective it's kind of okay stop there yeah all right I have another question cosmic phenomena bring it on this is by William Morris Facebook ok what's a hand way about two to three pounds next you can't wait you think I was born yesterday I just wanted to see that what's a hand way there's no science behind that huh that's it next that's it what is the wishes we should call the first warp drive a hen way so that wherever they gland they say we got to fix the hen way run that joke at flee across the galaxy that was awesome well this is in I'm old enough to remember f-troop attitude that's Larry Stewart Larry Storch and what was it it was like the the cavalry right and the Indians right and the in the the in the Wild West and the name of the tribe were the haka we Indians huh Khali and I think in the first episode you remember F Troop and I remember I think I'm remembering this correctly in the first episode the the cavalry meets this tribe and they say who are you guys and that the India where the heck are we Indian say no whit they didn't know where they are cause they think they got lost the Indians then it got lost they say where the heck are we [Music] and they said oh you're the head car no way to go we're the Hakkari India yes that's I think that's how that happened in the very first episode are we Indian yes just caught that again I'm telling you no ears away if the heck are we a dutiful 12-second Hikari because use the way you said it cuz that's how they said it all around the episodes but it's F Troop is a sitcom ok sitcom man that's good what's the runway you knocked that out so this I'm gonna call if I invent the warp drive is the Hemingway warp drive headway wait yeah rap oh you know that sounds better ok yeah yeah ok here we go ray Clark Facebook ok if the moon were to somehow be blown apart mm-hmm would end up with a set of Saturn like rings yes not what would happen yes yes temporarily we would have rings ring system an awesome awesome yes using awesome the way God intended awesome to be you yeah not it would be awesome if you could pass the salt no no in my day we use awesome when we discovered the cure to polio you used awesome when we walked on the frickin moon do you believe that I don't know we were talking about that do you believe that they landed I just want to know you're asking the wrong the astronaut should have been black because we would've been more excited upon landing you see we have just landed on my ear baby how we do baby you get the cosmonaut baby I'd be like this oh no that's one small step for man one small step for man one giant diaper man it's like oh it's like it's like you know it is I wonder why dude score touchdown they just give the ball to the ref we scored like there's a thing I think the emotions that would come about yes among people who would rejoice in having just landed on the moon yes are in commensurate with how you might react in the face of disaster if you face that on your journey if the oxygen tank blows okay that's the same person who lands on the moon so you need some you need people with ice in their veins yeah I know Armstrong was just such a person okay well alright I guess but he's landed on the moon and he's running out of fuel okay you know about I don't know if you knew about this we're running out if he was because where they were gonna land right he's there was like rocky and it was not smooth and it was worried that the lunar excursion module would tip yeah he starts going sideways okay I think very little fuel that's left and so Houston is saying you got a plan that puppy let no I'm good still looking and he's monitoring how much it is yeah you know his heartbeat was when it was like 85 or something I mean it was some low heartbeat okay any of us get just when we're irritated that we're waiting in line or something so no these were very special set of the right stuff okay it was truly the right stuff how long did it take to get there three days three days three days in the ship yeah well how old he can tank I'm just saying drinking Tang and sit three days yeah three days three days okay all right you explain to me because I was doubting it yeah yeah yeah no no you asked me if I believe it I don't that one doesn't need to believe when confronted with evidence okay that's all who s deep wow I should tweet that [ __ ] yeah you should you should tweet it lie 20 first time but my birthday so it would always show the anniversary of the landing they were to show you know landing a moon did that the day before that what why he was eight on the newspapers that reported it right yes that's my birthday July 20th is the big deal yes the big deal okay oh the big deal Neal we're both Neal's okay so boom you don't even answer that question what was it what was the question was it was that would the earth end up with rings yeah we would end the Rings but this little B why would particles are not stable um because they'd be hitting one another and they'd be falling and they have energy from the explosion some would escape others would come back to earth so we wouldn't have like our own little rings it's like Saturn Saturn's ring system is in fact not stable it's not stay no no no it's a temporary feature in fact there's good evidence to suggest the dinosaurs if they had telescopes have they looked at Saturn would see no rings at all why is that because that's because the ring system different calculations give different numbers but millions of years is a common number that I've seen yeah for the life expectancy of the ring system of Saturn which meant they would have been long they would not have formed yet at the time of the dinosaurs so stuff in it you know things collide happen stuff happens just cuz it didn't happen in your lifetime that me it's not happening in the universe so yeah it would have a beautiful ring it would be beautiful you think it'd be better in Saturn's Saturdays would be my favorite silly for it's Michael favorite planet Oh Susie of competition ya know cuz satyrs big Saturn's big give me some big rings big rings big rings okay yeah yeah that you good you good on that we're good we're good I got another one all right okay here we go oh by the way by the way tides would be greatly reduced at that point that's true right because there was a whole lot of other things would change about earth women wouldn't be so moody right it's the period right we're sending you all the mail yeah wouldn't it affect the menstrual cycle every 28 days no because the phase of the moon is not 28 days oh wait Oh what is it yeah waxing and waning what is Ilya waxing weighs 29 and a half days okay does not match the average menstrual cycle of women okay therefore you cannot credit or blame the moon for any periodicities so it is the human female boyfriend sooner also that there are plenty of other mammals that whose menstrual cycles are very different from a month your mammals - what other mammals just I don't you know I'm not an expert on this right and it's just saying that the you know mice you know just look at your mammal is nice okay I'll just look at any Department for that it's all about a month nothing magical okay relative to natural cycles that's all I'm saying okay I thought that you know yeah it's not it's not it's not if it's not an exact match that means they go out of phase yearly so this is not a thing okay Wow all right that's I like that well we can send him all the mail right would it affect all our moods though cuz they'd say the moon is full moon it's affecting our moods okay if you live in a city I don't know how you can justify that given the fact that at night street lamps are brighter than the full moon true and you don't talk about your moods being affected by street lights well what brand of ball was used cortisol levels are up oh sure but not you can't credit or blame the moon for that it's because we illuminate our nighttime lives that's true that's true right are brighter than the full most set yeah how you know this you can only barely read under a full moon so you come in at night you put on brighter lights and you can read just fine it's true so people want to blame the universe for all kinds of stuff that's happening a lot no it's just you you just you hi and you're crazy blame it on your ass and and and Shakespeare in Julius Caesar right The Fault dear Brutus lies not in the stars but in ourselves hey sweet man just saying that's man Neil deGrasse Tyson boy I liked hours and we another one alright well if it's fast okay okay okay okay I love this cuz I'm I'm always a fan of this way this is Dan fish or face book if comets eject their gases into space do we know of any dried-up comets the ones that exhausted all of their gas reserves yes nice question yes so comets are a mixture of ice and rock right and the ice when it comes near the Sun gets heated then it evaporates or technically speaking it's Sublime's when you go directly from a solid to a gaseous state I'm loose in my vocabulary than I just say it evaporates but sublimation is the correct chemical term you've seen sublimation with dry ice yes ever see dry ice it doesn't melt solid and then it's not there anymore at all yes okay so with comets every time it comes around a Sun it loses some of this some of its ice okay and eventually you can have a comet that's just a ball of debris right moving around the Sun and it's no longer a comet it's just a ball of debris and we'll just call it an asteroid at that point and there are many asteroids there many asteroids we think were once comets that are just dead right now I mean they're living asteroids with their dead cop like retired cops that's a better word other comment 6.1 years that the truth about Halley's Comet Kalli a 6.1 years it comes it's time around the Sun varies depending on what Jupiter does to it okay be it could be 74 years 77 averages it averages 70 so do you believe I've said Mark Twain was born and died in Halley's Comet in return we don't have to believe it it's a fact it's a fact and when things are facts you don't have to don't have the relay your human belief system to accept them you said Jupiter remember the Jupiter effect remember that that's the deal that's another segment the man is on fire he's lit up he wants more Startalk return more cosmic queries this is school star talk I'm your host Neil deGrasse Tyson I serve as the director of the Hayden Planetarium in New York City yeah means I have the keys to the sky I want to go go all right you come on let's go now run free you got a comedy special and start on on Showtime yes what's it called what's it called regular black oh oh here we go I do why I call it regular black cause when growing up in Chicago Oh my American friends they heard my parents talking okay and ain't my hair's a thick access and they look Nigerian accent yeah and then we were like yo man were you where your parents were I said oh I'm Nigerian they're like oh we thought you like regular black regular back you know like we from Mississippi Kentucky we thought you regular no but what you should have said was I am African American oh oh that would a bit oh that would it please back they were total that would have told that just nothing they could say that's where that title comes from so we got um time special regular bond it's going on now I'll watch it tonight I'm gonna find a tool I'll go find it I watched all your stuff except I didn't have to pay to see my stuff no I didn't know you'll have to pay for Showtime Showtime no I got you spell on Showtime I gotta go play you get your package pirated offer free man oh man I'll call them up and say I'm Neil deGrasse Tyson give me the universe will come down on oh that's a good threat it's all about - here - all the forces of the universe will come down we're getting free you would go in and get if you just want to get some M&Ms like yo you need to give me these M&Ms for free the universe will come down on this whole little bodega you know a lot of those guys are religious take you had to do an accent that raises if it's true it's not racism if it's said by a comedian yeah so cosmic queries got cosmic phenomenon alright what do you have to go the controversies of naming celestial bodies mm-hmm what's the controversy what's the what's the concert it's Rick Roberts asking no there's no controversy or no concert yes next question I'm will tell you ready okay so planets are named for Roman gods okay okay asteroids were formally named also for Roman gods when people thought they were planets okay then after the first few dozen asteroids were discovered in the asteroid belt they said these aren't plans these are something else we need another word for them and even though on the sky they kind of look like a star cuz they're little and you can't see like a surface on the causer so there's so little there's like a point of light so they're kind of star alike but they're not stars the asteroid star like you come on this why we do the world would hemorrhoid be that's they're out near Uranus lines near Uranus Neil deGrasse is quick baby bees attacked attack Ian he's attacking command it was perfect just trying to I know my um ROI that's ass like near your anus booty joke let justifies the booty Joe science in their vocabulary okay now we're okay so asteroid so then when too many of those got discovered then we just gave up and they're named after any person place or thing okay so there's a there's a Oh initially they would name that to feminized things and objects so there's an asteroid Mozart Mozart eeeh Mozart eeeh yeah that's to feminize it because the asteroids were only named after feminine the original asteroids are named after feminine gods why can't roam and gods okay so now then they just gave up because there's too many asteroids so because there's hundreds of thousands of asteroid and so so I even haven't there's an asteroid named after me it's called Tyson no yeah uh my time I says they're after me so why would it be enough for Mike Tyson I mean Ann thyroid oh you're saying there's an asteroid named Tyson and I'm claiming it's named after me wondering if his name after Tyson chicken's so I so so that's those are asteroids named after person places things and pets okay there's even one named after Santa all right so so asteroids have the most diversity in what they have been named because there's so many of there's so many of them thank you just run out of all the gods who ever was all right so moons of planets like Jupiter any moon of any planet yeah it's named after the Greek gods that played a role in the life of the Greek counterpart to the Roman God after whom the planet is named okay so Jupiter has one of its moons Ganymede Ganymede was the man's servant of Zeus okay Zeus is the counterpart to Jupiter but so these two nomenclatures are homage to the Roman and Greek traditions that have influenced Western science what about the growth of Western science I was a character in in Jupiter's law I remember all we're all they were but they're there look I'm up there there okay that's right now no this will do more to this answer than I think either you knew right yeah okay so now okay so you got that so it turns out Herschel William Herschel okay was the first person to discover a planet the first part of the planet beyond Saturn for most of human civilization there was only Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn six planets in fact most of the time they're only five because we didn't know earth was one of them ah it was just Mercury Venus Mars Jupiter and Saturn okay okay it's murky Venus Mars Jupiter five plus the Sun and the moon were counted as planets planets from the Greek meaning wanderer which means you move if you wait long enough against the background stars and there were seven Wanderers that were known to the ancients and this is where we get the names for the seven days of the week so what days named after the Sun Sunday after the moon Monday Monday and in our culture it's a mixture of Roman and Norse mythology's but each of those gods corresponds with the controlling God over those seven entities okay so then Copernicus comes around discovers that we're one of these planets because we go around the Sun like everybody else and we're not in the center with everything going around us so that complicated things just so you know all right the coolest name though Nikolas come Nikolas customers that's Titus not Galileo Galilei Galileo Galilei looks lazy that looks lazy okay you could call the same thing a Pernik is Nicholas no Copernicus yeah there's a rhyme waiting to have no wrappers wrap everything surrounds me baby kurta kiss baby what's up cap okay keep working on that and come back all here will hear without I could Kepler Kepler's tight Johannes Kepler that's he's badass he was the first person ever write down an equation that described physical reality Wow he wrote that Kepler's laws of planetary motion that was in early 1600s so we've only had mathematics describing the universe for 400 years okay and he basically bursted that so getting back to the names so because because Herschel was the first to discover a planet no one had a tradition of naming planets yet because they hadn't been discovered yet everyone knew these things in the sky so there was no tradition yet right so he just named it after his principal Thunder which was King George so for many decades the enumeration of the planets of the solar system was Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn and George and George yes planet George oh so now that's kind of that's so me that's so gangster name its George I gave you the money don't try it I want to be a planet this didn't last internationally it didn't last but they had to like be nice to the Brits because they discovered it all right so as a know my eyes as it recompense the moons of Uranus rather than is what this is the only exception hmm rather than being named for Greek characters in the life of the Greek counterpart to the Roman god afternoon the planet is named Uranus's moons are named after fictional characters in Shakespearean literature oh okay so that's all Maj - there might be one I don't know just like 60 hello I'll go check on that we've got Miranda puck Oberon their lot from a Midsummer's Night Dream that's okay okay that's there okay and lastly stars are no longer really named anymore most of the stars that have names have Arabic names although the Arabic tradition is also preserved in in the modern reckoning of the names of things after soon while we just number them in a catalogue okay comets are named after their discoverers or people after whom the discoverer wants to name them but they're named after people exclusively okay all you know I know only a headsman Hallie yeah how is Tony he didn't Haley's or Halley's it is Halliday is Haley Haley is Bill Haley in the comments that that messed with the proper pronunciation of Edmund Haley for decades we got go lightning round three minutes left okay lightning round do it okay what do you okay this is bilk Floyd Facebook what do you think of the theory that dark matter can be explained by primordial black hole no because we could like black holes ordinary matter and we have accounted for all the ordinary matter in the unit basically okay go and Rue de Seine go Facebook do big bangs only happen in the absence of everything or can big bangs take place anywhere and at any time space is timeless a lifetime for us is a nanosecond for space so one day could the universe change yet again could it evolve for lack of a better word there's no reason to think to prevent us from thinking that you've had Cosmo Genesis even within the space-time that we occupy so there's talk that our our universe can have pockets that are themselves expanding that are separate from other pockets that are expanding that are themselves Big Bang universes Wow so there's no reason to think there was only one Big Bang okay and this is the seeds of the multiverse actually next describe Oh Jen Bailey Facebook describe string theory and five sentences five sentences okay so the frontier of Einstein's general theory of relativity and the frontier of quantum physics meet in the singularities of black holes and in the origin of the universe itself at that singularity there must have been a shotgun marriage between the two where the physics of the large meets the physics of the small and in that shotgun marriage which is currently a theoretical mystery to us that is the playground of string theorists next okay okay these questions are too long this is PD Jake regal okay here's a shorty how does life come from non-life oh sorry we have no idea that is a biological frontier how do you go from in or get from organic molecules to self-replicating life that is a fascinating frontier and biology and we look forward to the solution that in the coming years next okay here is Rafael Alves he's from Rio de Janeiro Brazil how is it possible that the further we look into the observable universe we see the cosmic microwave radiation the oldest light in the universe assuming that it comes from matter beyond our observable universe doesn't it mean that the universe expanded faster than the speed of light after the Big Bang if the universe is roughly thirteen point 75 billion years old how could the oldest photons have traveled around 45 to 47 billion light years towards Earth how come our thirteen point 75 billion year old universe is 93 billion light years across how is it impossible because the universe can the fabric of the universe can expand faster than light there is no law of physics preventing that the speed of light limit is anything traveling within the space that is itself expanding that cannot travel faster than light the fabric of the universe itself can travel without a problem and in yes the early universe did expand faster than the speed of light itself there's not a country whoa you're Murdoch is there any way to tell how large the universe is as more light reaches artoo over time we see more but if the universe was finite could this stop happening and if so what would that look like I love that question you know why because I think about it all the time oh yes because there's an expanding horizon it's a time horizon and in a billion years we will see a billion light years more of this universe because that's an extra billion years that that part of the universe had to reach us okay okay so now because in other words if we're only 14 bill at 13.8 billion years old where's the light from something that's 14 billion from 15 billion years away from us it hasn't had time to reach us yet wait a billion years men that comes in you see that part of the universe now watch what happens if in 16 if in 16 billion years age nothing starts coming to us that would mean the horizon has washed over the last bit of matter in the universe and there'll be no more cosmology left to be revealed because and that would be then the literal edge of all the matter in the universe is done well has not happened yet which is why there is still something called cosmology where we can look far out and see the birth of the universe itself Oh Godfrey thanks for thank you for all this is a huge brain hurts yeah you no longer a cosmic queries virgin well I'm not welcome to the Clyde just got banged Big Bang Godfrey you're on Showtime I'm gonna find you after I pay my bill for soup no oh so this has been star talk and I've been your personal astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson and has over [Applause] [Music]

Channel: StarTalk

Views: 293,415

Keywords: Neil Tyson, Neil deGrasse Tyson, Godfrey, Carl Sagan, tachyons, speed of light, event horizon, Hawking radiation, Earth, Saturn, asteroids, comets, alien civilization, stars, universe, Albert Einstein, Cosmic Queries, Space Podcast, Science Podcast, Astronomy Podcast, StarTalk, Star Talk, godfrey comedy, stephen hawking, niel degrasse tyson, nielsen degrasse tyson, black hole, earth, moon, astrophysics, physics

Id: 3pinWENyrvc

Length: 54min 31sec (3271 seconds)

Published: Fri Mar 06 2020