Secrets Of Giza (FULL DOCUMENTARY)

[Music] if anyone from the Layman stood in front of the Great Pyramid and look at it they will never believe it's built by human being my life is connected with the sight [Music] thank you the Pyramids of Giza Everlasting monuments that have faced endless scrutiny yet they are still to reveal much of their ancient secrets when people see the pyramids they often think that these are the only three monuments on the desert plateau however there is a vast and complex world in the immediate vicinity if you take a moment from looking up at the pointed mounds and look down there are endless Clues and stories that unveil the fourth dynasty of Egypt from 4 500 years ago the first person to be buried here at Giza the chose the carpentry skills in ancient Egypt Giza is filled with tombs and temples belonging to the families and officials of the Pharaohs these are the people that can help us understand the sacred site War many tombs have not yet been fully explored this place commands many questions whose face is on the Sphinx who built the pyramids and what was their purpose we explore the entire surface of the Giza Plateau to discover the Intriguing fourth Dynasty family the workers it's absolutely incredible he's coming up out of his burial chamber and the Pharaohs as someone who has never really cared much for this site investigating this area has been a real eye-opener to separate fact from fiction then people like to dream they said there is something hidden under things I did drill 32 drilling come with me to find secrets of Giza [Music] foreign Plateau a place filled with so many secrets and I think I know just the man who can help me find the answers hello Dr hawas hi Curtis how are you I'm okay come to my office now I'll see you in a sec bye-bye bye let's go thank you [Music] what do you see as the biggest misconception people no I I there isn't I was giving a lecture today and I was told that people if anyone from the Layman stood in front of the great Panama and looked at it he will never believe it's built by a human being because you don't know yeah and most of the information written in books are wrong they say the Workman who built the pyramids worked only four months a year and all the stones came from Torah and go for all 23 years and the stones of the Great Pyramid are two million and 300 000 blocks if you think of that uh 2 million and 40 years means every minute has told to be moved but this is not true it is true to say that people love to hear the facts about the Great Pyramid of Khufu like that it is built out of two million Stones each weighing a ton and blah blah blah this is because there is not much else to tell and frankly those facts bore me to tears if we put several sources together we can begin to construct a full story of History these structures were built by man these people who say that each stone is perfectly cut and exactly even have clearly never visited Giza for when we look at the pyramids close up we can see how each stone is roughly cut and made to fit into the next they are simply not even and not perfect at all [Music] and most of the blocks still have their visible chisel marks the recent discovery of a fragmented Papyrus belonging to an official called Mirror tells us exactly where the blocks were cried and how they were transported via the Nile down to akhet kufu the Horizon of Khufu the ancient name for Giza also tells us about the casing stones that were brought from Tura some of which are piled up right next to the Great Pyramid mere also goes on to mention The Quarrymen and the Builders of khufu's Monument the blocks to build the Pyramid were brought to Giza via boat amazingly several Boats were found around the Great Pyramid in stone pits one was reassembled and gives us this glorious boat of Khufu that some believe was used in the construction of the pyramid others say it was simply used by Khufu and others suggest that the boats were never used and were placed there to help Khufu sail to his next life we know from this Papyrus and tombs that the pyramid is for Khufu but another text inside the pyramid tells us more one of the names of the gangs who built the Pyramid the followers of hopeful this is the red color that kofo brought that the Workman used the graffiti to paint the pyramid we are sure that this graffiti lived by the word man who built the Peril similar red texts have been found in tombs near the pyramid most of the people when they go inside the pyramid alone they do meditation because the pyramid make silence it makes you away from all this trouble from this world you feel yourself and you love this moment that you can sit down and close your eyes it's really a beautiful moment and that's really in my opinion is the magic pyramids made the Egyptian to know about art and astronomy the largest fate of irony is that Khufu has the most gigantic monument in the world yet the only image we have of him is a seven centimeter tall Ivory statue that was discovered miles away at the most ancient site of abidos the Greek historian Herodotus talks about Khufu being a man who was tyrannical in his rulership who had one hundred thousand slaves to build the Pyramid yet most of what Herodotus says can be dismissed he visited Egypt two thousand years after the pyramids were built and wrote Tales from oral histories which were mistranslated by the Greek writer we can tell this in part by how he adapts the pharaoh's names to become more understood in Greek Khufu becoming kiops hafra becoming Catherine and menkura becoming my serenis they sound similar but he clearly misheard much of what he was told by the local Egyptians we can understand that much of what Herodotus says is pure fiction he states that Khufu had all the temples closed and banned leaving offerings in them yet a Papyrus that has the sons of Khufu recounting stories to the king about the great ancestors clearly tells us that kufu would order offerings to be left in the temples to honor these ancestors I don't know about you but I'd rather believe an Egyptian Papyrus from the age of Khufu than a story written two thousand years later by someone who didn't speak the local language fluently people all the time talk about pyramids and uh and they talk about aliens and things like that but the discovery of the tombs of the pyramid Builders actually is one of the most important Discovery because it proves from the names of the people that the builder of the pyramids were Egyptians and they were not slaves and also the recent discovery of the waddle Jacques papyri but many people doesn't know really about them it tells us for the first time about the construction of kung fu perum it's just it's a story from the overseer of the Workman in them is mirror it took fourth Workman he went to totora to cut the white fine Limestone and after that went to Sinai to bring the cover and he said that Giza Plateau was called ankofu milkofu lives yes Great Pyramid was called I mean the Horizon of kufu and he talked about kufu left in his Palace at Giza but where did these pyramid Builders and their families live such as mere an overlooked sight adjacent to the Giza Pyramids can provide the answers a thick stone wall with a small Archway in the middle now called the wall of The Crow separates the domain of the Dead from the living below the hill and behind the wall is a large settlement that proved to date to the fourth Dynasty I found the tombs of the velvet Builders and I found out that the roasting cells are working involved in the construction of the pyramid and they work every day and they take one day off every 10 days all the stones were building the pyramid came 300 meters away from the west of the pyramid we found evidence that cuff ruled for 28 years and we have the papari over the result Building Development then people like to dream but live deep to dream but I wrote a book me and Mark cleaner about pyramid Giza Enterprise that have the answer of all the questions that any the public has the remains of the houses could tell us that people living there used to have a diet of beef fish and beer The Village appears to be divided into two halves one for the overseers and their families and the other with dormitory-like sleeping quarters for the workers of the pyramids on the slope of the hill was the first Cemetery with more simple style tunes and higher on the hill were more elaborately decorated tombs for high officials such as patetti who seems to have been in charge of the payment of food to the workers for in his tomb we see him overseeing the making of bread and beer the tomb of nefertes explains he had two wives who would go to the Khufu pyramid each day to make sure that the workers received enough water on the job nephothesis tomb also contains a warning to all anyone who harms my two will be consumed by the Nile crocodile the hippo and the lion the mummies of these people who lived and worked here revealed to us that they were well cared for many people showing signs of successful medical procedures from limbs that had been placed in splints to a head operation these men could clearly not have been slaves as the men and their families were well cared for the discovery that you made of the workman's Village what is the key piece of evidence from there that is the most important you believe that the Builder the pyramids were Egyptians because all the names were Egyptian names and also they were not slaves because they buried in the center of the pyramid and also the pyramid was the national project of the whole nation every household in this house and the north of Easter participated the building impairment by Cindy Workforce and food will be the king all these people worked on the building of the pyramids and would make their way to work each day through the wall of The Crow foreign thing is that when we visit the museum in Cairo we can witness these men and women at work still statues showing them making bread and beer were found at Giza at the workman's Village and around the pyramid twos we can also see brilliant statues showing family scenes [Music] foreign [Music] is still alive in full color from his turquoise necklace to his mustache into shadow was promoted to the overseer of khufu's boats later in his life many people who have no education in the background of pyramids claim that they were never twos and these kinds of people have a reluctancy to investigate the facts how do we know that the pyramids were tombs well first and foremost there are almost 100 pyramids in Egypt the earliest dating to Jose in the third Dynasty all pyramids have a burial chamber with a sarcophagus inside the Pyramid of unas from the fifth Dynasty has some of the most incredible texts inside is burial chamber around is sarcophagus which tell us that this was his house of Eternity his tomb there are several Papyrus texts that remain mentioning the pyramids as tombs most notably one from the reign of Ramses the ninth where a gang of Tomb robbers confess to stealing gold from a Pharaoh's pyramid we took our copper tools and forced the way into the Pyramid of this King we found the Lord laying at the back of his burial James and we found the burial place of the queen beside his we opened their coffins and found the Royal mummy of the king equipped equipped we collected the gold that we found on the mummy of the Lord we set fire to their confidence we as discipline just have all the evidence to prove that pyramids built by Egyptian it was a tomb for the king yeah but the people who talks about Ellie and then people came as they don't have any evidence just dreaming yet I hear you exclaim but Curtis there were never any mummies found in pyramids wrong there have been a few mummies discovered in their pyramid burial Chambers such as merendra the father of the sixth Dynasty Pharaoh Pepe the second whose mummy was discovered in his pyramid at Sakara then discovered by Dr zahi hawas the decayed and charred remains of the sixth Dynasty Queen also discovered in her pyramid at Sakara and Records state that inside Joseph's pyramid in his looted sarcophagus there was a mummified foot remaining now lost and of course my favorite Discovery inside a pyramid at the Pyramid of amunimhat III in a side chamber The Mummy of the 13th Dynasty Pharaoh awibra was found with his funary Goods fully intact his decayed corpse was found in his coffin with a beautiful death mask placed over his mummy when archaeologists tried to take the death mask out of the coffin his skull was glued into the mask with resins and remains there till today and even more intriguing is what was found in a pyramid at Giza what inspired Pharaoh Khufu to construct the pyramid to get closer to the answer we must go 30 kilometers south of Giza two pyramids can be found both belonging to the father of Khufu the bringer of beauty Pharos Nephron he was in pursuit to create the perfect pyramid in this Venture he had a pyramid made at dashur that was problematic they made this Pyramid Way Too steep the stone started to crumble and push out on the sides when they reached the middle so they had to change the angle resulting in this mess snafru erected a large stealer the band pyramid before abandoning it he then tried again resulting in his perfect pyramid and in the end Pharaoh snare through after two failed attempts to build the perfect pyramid came up with the design for his perfect pyramid now known as The Red Pyramid between these two pyramids we can find the tombs of many officials and family members snafru's son ireneferes too contained a beautiful scene showing the prince as a high priest wearing a leopard coat other family members buried Around The Red Pyramid were car neffer who oversaw the building of snafu's pyramid nejat rap and his daughter nefer nesut we know from Papyrus texts that Khufu had visited snafu's pyramid in Pursuit for inspiration for his own tomb we have the words of khufu's son [Music] has spent the day seeking for himself the chambers of the sanctuary in order to make something similar for himself for his Horizons the words in the Papyrus reveal that Khufu had indeed gone to the pyramids of snafru to prepare the planning for his own pyramid we also know that snafu had a smaller Pyramid built for his Queen which was used as the tomb for his secondary wife his first wife who lived longer than the Pharaoh named heter Perez was buried at the site of akhit Khufu it is possible that the wife of snafru and the mother of kufu was the inspiration for the location of the Giza burials Queen Heather Perez the mother of Khufu was the first person to be buried here at Giza she was buried in a shaft too similar to this one this is when the tomb was discovered it was quite a spectacle inside the tomb we found her sarcophagus along with flat pack furniture and some of the most Splendid finds in the Tomb of the mother of Khufu the woman that inspired the Giza plateau they found a chair a golden chair and bracelets that went all the way up the Queen's arms decorated with silver and butterflies so this a normal its tomb is what inspired this vast necropolis over at the National Museum of Civilization Dr Sahar Salim has some fascinating information on the treasures of Heather Paris here she is Dr Salim hi [Music] it's beautiful I can't wait to see what you're going to show me [Music] chair of Heather Paris mother of King kofo for the fourth Dynasty found inside their tomb with with other luxurious Furniture of her this is a custom made chair for the the queen you can see the the base it's a it's a wide base and the height of the legs are are very short this could tell us that it could be a big lady and a little bit short it was custom made to made her sit comfortably that's why there is sort of sloping of the seat it's a little bit longer in front than in the back it's 27 centimeter in front while there's only 26 centimeters at the back also the height of the arm are perfectly made in order to suit Comfort this was very important to place here in Civilization Museum because it shows the carpentry skills in ancient Egypt foreign [Music] of mirror who was the overseer of the work and the fact that it's a tomb yes the family members of Khufu are buried around the pyramid on the southern side we can find the tombs of his brothers sisters wives and children although many of the tombs are laying in ruin now from 4500 years of weathering and tomb robbing some tombs have exposed much about Khufu and his family the Pyramid of merititis the sister and wife of Khufu contained a false storm which features many of the royal family members by having this full stall this also proves that her pyramid was in fact A2 another pyramid for a queen is that of another sister and wife of Khufu hennotson inside her pyramid we have her giant sarcophagus as well as two other burial containers for her daughters [Music] had three sons together two of which were buried in nastaba tombs near their father and mother namely minkaf who served as the vizier to his father toward the end of his reign minkoff's giant Granite sarcophagus can now be viewed in the Cairo Museum [Music] the next sun was khufukaf the harder of the Sacred apis bull his tomb was directly in front of his mother's pyramid his tomb was elaborately decorated inside and out with many scenes showing the prince with his mother and his wife outside his tomb is a broken image of kufuhaf and his father Khufu it is evident that the male behind is Khufu from the ceremonial Bull's tale worn only by the Pharaoh at the back of his Kilt another brother of Khufu named ankhaf was also interned in a tomb with the family in Giza ankhaf played a big role in the building of kufu's pyramid he was the overseer of the lake of Khufu according to the Papyrus of matter this was a stopping and control point for the transportation of the stone blocks to build the Great Pyramid this area was under control of ankhaf he then later raised his status to vizier [Music] a tomb at Giza from the reign of Khufu as one of the most beautiful scenes from the Old Kingdom the daughter of hofu nefertiabet is shown seated before offerings she's shown with long black hair wearing an Exquisite leopard print dress which does impress much many of khufu's family were in high-powered positions including High priests and priestesses indicated through the leopard print the burials spread to a nephew of Khufu named Hemi yunu his tomb was discovered in 1912 on the western side around High officials tombs his large mustaba is badly damaged however a marvelous statue of Hemi yunu remains showing the man in a life-like manner the statue names him as the architect of kufu this man designed the Great Pyramid [Music] the Western tombs around the Khufu pyramid are not the burial sites for just family of Khufu but also the officials courtiers and some pyramid workers in actuality the legacy of pharaoh Khufu appears to have stretched far beyond the populace of his own Rule and Dynasty men and women of the fifth and sixth Dynasty wanted to be connected to the burial site of the great ancestor kufu as a way to push their souls into the sky and be reborn in the New World for these people the connection to the Great Pyramid would ensure them a prosperous eternity let's go see the tomb of EDU from the time of pharaoh Pepin okay these beautiful statues of the man waiting for his Spirit coming out before the hip the offering table we just see him from here it's absolutely incredible he's coming up out of his burial chamber just waiting for his family to bring the offerings the tomb of course is below this is just the chapel so beautifully decorated it's so fine and precise like so much of the Old Kingdom Heart was a judge or as the ancient Egyptians called it determiner of disputes he also held the very important role of overseer of the priests of khufu's spirit at the Great Pyramid he was given this role by Pharaoh Pepe the first of the sixth Dynasty the entrance of his tomb contains a curse stating any man who enters my tomb with impure intentions shall be painfully punished a lighter side to edu is that he had his wife daughter and his son and successor represented in the Tomb with him offerings were left here for EDU and right next door offerings were left for his son kaha foreign [Music] had his tomb constructed next door to his father he became the overseer of the priests of Khufu khafra and menkura and merendra kahar was first a scribe who became the overseer of the village and eventually a priest of Justice foreign [Music] he has lifelike statues at the end of the Tomb that show himself at stages of his life as well as his wife and son [Music] left of this room is where kahar was laid to rest behind a sealed wall [Music] there appears to be a succession of a family line of men all named sashem nefer this family appear around the end of the reign of Khufu and continue to the end of the sixth Dynasty they were of very high status and had their tombs constructed at the base of the Pyramid of Khufu in a temple-like manner II erected pillars at the start of the path between the other tombs on the way to his tomb in a sort of Mortuary Causeway fashion similar to what the Pharaoh would have even his two on the outside appears like a temple by the time of session never the fourth his too was now made as a funery temple and to all in one his large pillow too has two statues of the man himself seated outside made from granite a miniature obelisks he served as manager of the sixth Dynasty Pharaoh Pepe II's Harem and palaces the outer walls Show Sesame with his daughter and other family members bringing offerings to him however the idea of a temple like two can be found dating back to the fourth Dynasty at the end of khufu's Reign with several of his officials sharing similar designs many treasures and entire tombs have been spread throughout the world from Giza including the noise Museum in Berlin 4500 years later some of these tombs can now be marveled at in Berlin this tomb belonged to two men one the mayor of Memphis and the other the overseer of the mortuary Temple of the Pharaoh mehan and neferable Qatar they were Nobles that lived during the time of pharaoh Khufu during the fourth Dynasty while the Great Pyramid was being built here we see niferable patar holding the staff to show that he's a nobleman in full color and as we go down we see an affordable Pata with his hand up showing that he can write he's about to start writing something on a wall and up here is his boss's name kufu the owner of the great pearlite and this entire mastaba was taken from Giza and wrote here to Berlin Khufu had many of his loyal followers buried close by around his pyramid this is Merit the commander of the troops during Pharaoh khufu's Reign we see mirab here as he's entering his tomb his name written here mayor rimp with the heart Scarab as his name ending with the B and here we can see khufu's Cartouche it's just incredible to think that this is from the time of the Great Pyramid that's around four thousand 300 years old it is absolutely mind-blowing in the doorway we see a family scene of mirab his son daughter and his wife welcoming the body into the tomb [Music] ah and here is merib the commander of the troops for Pharaoh Khufu and his beautiful wife dressed in the traditional fourth Dynasty dress with the breasts exposed and high-waisted skirt I wonder how they brought this all the way from Giza to Berlin the fourth dynasty was one of the highest points however after the death of Khufu many family quarrels would cause many issues including the end of a dynasty the tombs dotted around the Great Pyramid of Khufu go from the simplest mud brick with almost nothing notable about them two wondrous displays of grandeur and even some tombs here at Giza are still decorated in full color a priestess of the goddess hathor and Khufu Spirit has one of the most delicately decorated she is thought to be the daughter of pharaoh sahura a later fifth Dynasty King she may have even been the descendant of the high official senib Ed dwarf from the reign of roof a descendant of Senate named Senate is shown in the priestesses too her tomb also features the name of a son and successor of Khufu who is shrouded in speculation Jennifer Khufu was not the immediate successor of pharaoh snefu a prince son of snafu and brother of Khufu was the first in line to the throne yet this Prince died young and his brother kufu became the successor rahotep and his wife nofreth were buried in a mustaba too by the unfinished pyramid of snafu at my Doom their statues of some of the most realistic and lifelike in all of Egyptian art they're perfectly rendered features and eyes give us the best idea of what the fourth Dynasty Egyptians resembled as for the successor of Khufu this should have been Prince kawab the eldest son of Khufu yet he died suddenly leaving his wife II behind kawab's brother married Heather Perez II and was named as Pharaoh upon khufu's death becoming Pharaoh jedifra naturally speculation surrounds kawab's death leaning toward the idea that Jed ephra killed him to become Pharaoh linked with the fact that he married Heather Perez II to secure his succession and built his pyramid away from Giza he only ruled for seven years before being succeeded by his brother had the Perez II lived a very long life dying in the reign of the fourth Dynasty King Shep says cuff and interestingly she was not buried near jedifera but rather Co-op her first husband over at the Namek Museum some of her Treasures can be marveled at foreign although the most impressive from Royal implements to ceremonial objects has to be a female headed Sphinx from the Pyramid of jedifra with the name of Heather Perez herself another clue that gedefra needed his wife and wanted her as a sphinx to protect his two many have even gone as far as to say that the Great Sphinx of Giza was commissioned by Jennifer to show his father's features and thus reinforcing his legitimacy this Theory comes from the Sphinx of hedepedus II quite a way to be remembered as the first human female headed Sphinx with Jennifer now dead the next son of Khufu had his time to shine building the second largest pyramid at geese Vero Cafe very little is known about khafra the man but like his father his family courtiers and workers were afforded the opportunity to have their tombs created in the shadow of his pyramid this way to raise their level of prestige to nearly that of the Pharaoh himself one such man was kind suit the chief hairdresser of the Royals whose tomb is next door to the Great Sphinx the very first in the central field of burials his other titles were the guardian of the diadem which leads us back to the Cairo Museum with its almost endless hallways and secret rooms filled with overlooked Treasures where we can still see one of these fourth Dynasty diadems this golden diadem sits atop what looks like a bust or a reserve head of a princess but you would be wrong in fact this is the head of a princess's mummy mummification evolved over time around the fourth and fifth Dynasty for a short period mummies were coated in mud and then plastered in an experiment to preserve the deceased facial features rendering them more lifelike for these men and women especially Royals their faces needed to be recognizable to the gods to enter Heaven examples of these are rare but some have skulls visible through the broken coverings like the princess her skull still visible head broken off near a beautiful fans beaded necklace looking at her this is as lifelike as an ancient could get inside the museum are many Treasures from Giza and the fourth Dynasty that many simply walk by some with the most intriguing details one of these scenes from a son of khafra shows a woman representing towns bringing in offerings for the king [Music] we can even see kafra on a boat the king Seated on a throne holding the flail strangely the man before him has been hacked out [Music] Boats were extremely important as we know and some tombs in khafra's necropolis have scenes of boats [Music] a tomb of ankenib was shared with his wife toward the middle of khafra's Reign and pyramid construction there was a significant strain on the economy we even see tombs of officials that are roughly decorated or even some made from mud brick surrounded by people's burials of a lesser higher status walking through these tombs it feels as if one is in an ancient city then again it was but a city for the Dead many tombs have been looted and the bodies destroyed but in one Prince of khafra named ankmara his body was found along with his son this is the view that the spirits of these ancient people witnessed tombs covered in fine writings jutting out from the Golden Sands of Ages below the Pyramid of hathra is another set of burials [Music] most dating to his children who outlived their father and took on important roles under the fifth Dynasty Kings [Music] khafra is believed to have had over 16 children from his four wives his eldest son who served as Vizio priest judge and Scribe named nyakara was buried in the cliff below his father's pyramid he was destined to be the next Pharaoh but died before kafra his father had this Triad statue carved into the cliff showing niakara his father and mother as a way for his family to assist him in reaching the next life and having other Royals buried in the cliff served as a multi-purpose tomb although one strange thing you notice about kafra he did not build pyramids for his Queens instead he built tombs for them could this have been an indication of the bad economy [Music] his first wife was buried at khufu's Pyramid near the most magnificent tomb made for his second wife and I'm going to take you inside [Music] the tomb for Mira's ankh is closed so just waiting for them to go and get the guy with the key so I can go inside [Music] foreign [Music] her Majestic tomb is one of the best for a queen in all of Egypt her Chapel has a wall with statues of 10 women to accompany the queen presumably her ladies and waiting or her children family members and King's wives the absolute highlight of the two is a wall featuring in the Middle With all six of her children around her her eldest son never mocked who became hafra's Vizio her youngest daughter and son are shown at her feet one holding the Royal who poop out is shown wearing a white and yellow dress with a cat's face on her hip and a short cropped hairstyle she holds the queen implements before her are the titles she who sees the god Horus and set yet another strong woman is shown before Madison an elegant and Regal woman another queen whose appearance fascinates the imagination many egyptologists suggest that this is heter Peres II the mother of however at the Paris II is shown in the Tomb already on the opposite wall the mother and daughter are shown sailing on a boat together behind her mother and she has long black hair unlike the woman with the short blonde hair Heather Perez II is always shown with long hair even on a statue of her and Maris Ankh in my opinion this blonde-haired lady named Heather Perez is none other than the mother of the first leading Maris ankh her great-granddaughter into the next life we have hete Perez here shown with the blonde hair oh that's died shown with the blonde hair over here and these strange pointed shoulder pads almost something like out of the 80s thank you opposite this is the father of Maris ankh and the son of Khufu that died too soon and didn't fulfill his Destiny to become the next pharaoh he is seen holding a staff while symbolically leading in a parade of offerings into the tomb of his daughter capturing birds of the marshes where he recounts [Music] pulls Papyrus for hathor in the Marshland with her mother they see every good thing which is in the marsh a row of men and women bearing offering baskets for her from kafra Jade ephra and her grandfather kufu a fleet of boats are seen transporting the queen she is shown under a canopy and seated on a throne and Craftsmen are shown making Spirit statues of Medicine [Music] on the Queen's full store she is Seated on a lion throne the door where her spirit could visit the tomb to receive these offerings these offerings led into the tomb by kawab were collated in Spirit by her Chief Stuart kemed new foreign at the entrance he is shown reading a Papyrus before the queen who is standing with a jackal god Anubis above [Music] ready another Steward on the other side bringing in a hyena to the queen these canine creatures were connected to the leader of the dead into the next life through the arch we enter her inner sanctum where once a year the sun would light up a second false storm energizing her spirit this room leads us down into the Queens once sealed burial chamber foreign [Music] [Music] the lights have just gone out which is a little concerning but I wanted to show everybody what was found in this tomb this is made of sarcophagus her Stone sarcophagus which had been plundered in ancient times this is the remains of medicine inside her sarcophagus all cooled to pieces this is quite sad to see because the people came in here looking for gold and they ripped her body apart to find all the gold inside and this is the skull of medicine the skull it was found in this very room I'm in right now in the dark of no electricity this is the princess we're coming face to face with her in her final resting place it's it's quite quite something to be face to face with made a song [Music] and this is a list of all the things that were found in the Tomb of medicine and this tells us that all the gold was taken out because all that was left over was her sarcophagus a wooden false door and some stone statues and stone vases but this in here tells us more about the princess than any other thing inside this tomb the bones of this princess what was remaining is what tells us more than any of the decorations on her too you can hear the echo I think I'm just going to have a moment to myself even though Maris Ox burial chamber is not decorated it has these quartz crystals inside the stone so that when they left the candle burning in the Tomb as they left all of these would have been twinkling these little shiny stones like the night sky for princess made a sunk [Music] texts in her tomb read great favorite of pharaoh Priestess of Happily Mistress of dendiro the companion of Horus beloved of him may she proceed in peace upon the paths on which an honored one proceeds having gone well with her in the sight of the great God May offerings go forth to her I first day of the festival she who loves life one who is Noble in the sight of Anubis when hatum was sealed her soul would hopefully fly up to be greeted by a set of motherly figures whom would protect and look over the Queen's final burial site to record for eternity Queen had scribes carved into the walls scribes were heavily important in Ancient Egypt they would take dictation from the king or officials send International correspondence assist with diplomacy study religious texts and compel the words of the Gods something merus ankh wanted to ensure the sad thing is Maris ankh died middle aged presumably from Silent sinus syndrome evident in her skull causing mucus to build up and breathing difficulties she died just after her husband khafra before her tomb was ready yet the successor King had her tomb completed and she was buried 275 days after her death [Music] foreign [Music] 's greatest achievement is his pyramid too named in ancient times as wherein kafra meaning the spirit of the Sun godra kafra is great khafra the son of Khufu had his pyramid placed next to his father's it may appear larger but it is not only looking larger due to the rise of the plateau the pyramid is reached via a Long Causeway that begins at the valley Temple of kafra and the Sphinx along the causeway are tombs of people kafra would have known but a strange set of tombs lay right next to the causeway dug into the sides of a large Square pit that many suggest was originally a water well with canals filling it from the Nile in front of the Sphinx Temple this Causeway would have been the king's final Journey on the Mortal Earth where his mummified body would be carried in a grand procession in the presence of priests Queens princesses and princes High officials and his successor this procession would end at the mortuary Temple at the base of his pyramid where his mummified body would be fully prepared with the final touches before being placed in his Granite sarcophagus inside his pyramid he would have the rights of opening the senses performed to ensure he would be able to function when his soul moved onwards this Temple now in complete ruin is also where kafra would be worshiped as a God after his burial inside would have been several alabaster statues of the king of which only one is still intact each separate Chapel containing a statue boat pits were also found around this Temple in the 1800s Belzoni said that all he found inside the pyramid sarcophagus were animal bones but these bones are now gone and thus can't be checked by experts kafra's pyramid was once cased in white Limestone yet plundered over the centuries All That Remains are these impressive uppercasing stones [Music] above all probably the greatest Enigma of the Giza Plateau is the Great Sphinx of the thousands of sphinxes made in Egypt over the thousands of years this giant Remains the largest and most mysterious the human-headed lion sits at the edge of the Giza plateau in front of all three of the king's pyramids and the numerous other burials in essence the Sphinx is the protector of the sight for you see this was the actual purpose of a sphinx in Egypt the protector of a sacred site although this creature may appear to be elegant Serene and beautiful for the Ancients it was crafted to strike fear into the viewer yet there are various forms of sphinxes in Egypt this specific one was the guardian Lions have always played a large role in Egyptian religion the male lion God acre being the lion on which the sun rested as it Rose each day yet whose face is on the enigmatic Beast some have suggested that it predates the Giza Pyramids however evidence disproves this a thousand years after the death of khafra during the 18th Dynasty a young prince named toddmosis IV erected a stealer between the paws of the Sphinx or in its ancient name horim Horus of the Horizon telling a fantastic Tale hunting lions and flux and riding in his Chariot his horses faster than the wind the hour came to give rest to his followers at the limbs of horror Market Prince toddmosis came passing by at the time of midday and he sat down in the shadow of the great God sleep seized him asleep at the time when the sun was at its zenith and he found the Majesty of the noble God speaking with his own mouth like the words of a father for his son saying look at me and see me my songs of Moses I am your father [Applause] [Music] and I shall give you kingship on Earth in front of all the living ones white and red crowns upon the throne of girl the Earth shall be yours in its length and width everything that the eyes of the Lord of all the food of the two lands shall be yours as well as the great tributes of every foreign land your lifetime will be a time great in years my face is yours my heart is yours as you are a protector to me for my current condition is like one that is in need all my memories as if they were dismembered as the Sands of the desert upon which I lie have reached to me to have that done which I desire know that you are my son and my protector come forth and I shall be with you I shall be your leader unfortunately the stealer is damaged and The Story begins to break off the final legible line state the King's son awoke hearing this he understood the words of the God and he put them in his heart they shall protect the offerings to the god which we bring for him oxen fruit and all vegetables and we shall give praise to the ancestors kafra's image seen by ATU horror Market this last line gives us a strong indication that the Sphinx was created in khafra's image precedings at Moses IV amenhotep II completed work on a new temple built to the side of the Sphinx now known as the new Sphinx Temple and set up a band of priests whose sole purpose was to give offerings to the Great Sphinx the temple seems to be along the same design As Old Kingdom solo temples which would then be connected to the worship of the sun god with ceremonies being performed on a raised platform reached by staircases connecting horrors of the horizon the Sphinx to the Majesty of the rising and Setting Sun many small stealer indicating this have been found in the Temple dedicated by priests some even from hundreds of years later from the reign of Ramses II from the Stila we get the impression that utmosis IV had a large statue of himself placed at the pores of the Sphinx behind the dream stealer the addition of a pleated osiride style beard was also added in the 18th Dynasty as this was not present during the Old Kingdom fragments of this beard are now in the United Kingdom the giant Cobra from the neme's crown of the Sphinx is also broken off through the Millennia and is now on display at the Cairo Museum it's at Moses IV did not stop simply uncovering the Sphinx adding the beard then also having various cracks filled in and most strikingly he had the Sphinx repainted many of the blue yellow and red paint flags are still visible on the ancient Visage and neme's headcloth the Sphinx has undergone several makeovers in its lifetime the Romans a thousand years after tattmosis IV were captivated by the Sphinx yet again uncovering it from the sand building a new staircase to the pores and adding a casing of limestone bricks around the body to protect the very soft and crumbling Limestone Mount that the entire Sphinx was carved from the question has always been asked if there were tunnels under the Sphinx well the answer is yes and no the Romans had dug several tunnels under the Sphinx only to discover that it was solid Stone the figs they said that something hidden on them in the things I did drill 32 Drilling and I found the things as a solid rock and living Rock and there is nothing underneath yeah exactly major important things and also you know when people always accuse me of hiding evidence of lost realization and I always say how can you hide evidence when I found out the other table rise in front of the swings I had to drill I did drill 32 drilling around the holy swings and I found out that the Sphinx is a solid rock and a living Rock and there is really nothing is underneath the strings many centuries after the Romans the Arab conquerors would deface the Sphinx when they found the locals still leaving offerings before what they saw as a pagan Idol the occasional egyptologist is led to theorize that on the chest of the Sphinx is the Egyptian heart glyph making the name meaning great heart a throne name of khafra however some dismiss this lump to be a support from when the 18th Dynasty beard was attached apart from the evidence of the dream stealer mentioning khafra another reason to believe the Sphinx was made by this Pharaoh is the two temples in front of the Beast these so-called old Sphinx Temple was created from the same Limestone as the temple next door and sphinx itself it is also aligned perfectly to the Sphinx and the Setting Sun this Temple was never finished leading some to speculate that khafra had died before its completion the temple never received its outer casing of granite and ceremonial statues unlike the other the old Sphinx Temple is also the exact same design as the mortuary Temple of kafra next to his pyramid the temple next door the valley Temple we know was built by kafra as on the granite facade evidence of his Cartouche was discovered yet the inside of The Marvelous Construction confirms who it was for inside the granite columned Hall 25 statues of khafra would have stood only a few survived these 5 000 years if we head back to the Cairo Museum full might of kafra can be contemplated this life-size statue of kafra from his Valley Temple made from a greenish diorite Stone that had to be specifically brought from the deserts of Libya the hyper detailed image shows the delicate yet powerful features of his name and titles a Pier at the base adjacent to his feet with even the toenails that have been rendered lifelike Seated on a throne with Papyrus motifs headed by lions one hand relaxed the other making a fist as he wears only a pleated Kilt with the ceremonial Bull's tail attached however the beautiful face and well-physiced king is not the Highlight at the back of his striped nemes is a beautiful symbol a falcon with its wings opened and enclosing the king this Falcon is the god Horus the Pharaoh is Horus on Earth this Falcon is protecting the king and connecting him to the Eternal rebirth of the Sun the temple with its Splendid grounded columns was once roofed with slits cut in to allow the sun to shine on the statues of Cafe the light would reflect up off of the polished Alabaster floor at the side chamber is where the sacred act would take place the valley Temple is where khafra's body would have been mummified for 70 days upon his death one side of the temple is dedicated to the goddess hathor the other to bastet and played the pivotal role in preparing the king to become one with Osiris in his rebirth to the next life when this site was in use during the fourth Dynasty the Nile would arrive right before the Sphinx temples and the flood was controlled through canals leading to the plateau and tombs there were even two ports created where the boats were dark and bring the precious cargo including many Royal visitors the same boats that we see and read about from the carvings and papyri left over the modern District of Giza would have been flooded in ancient times with the great Nile River making the landscape we see now a much different place many tourists Overlook the Ducks yet this would have been the main point of entry to the site [Music] kafra's Causeway began at the valley Temple and led up along the Sphinx ending foot of his pyramid making way for the next pharaoh [Music] thank you foreign [Music] what do you imagine the Pharaohs a thousand years after Khufu thought of the pyramids we see like tutmosis IV with the dream stealer what do you feel that they might have no no but because pyramids were built in the old animated Kingdom yeah it were tombs and in the New Kingdom they took the peak and developed the Kings and they buried the tombs underneath that one yeah then the Egyptian during the Middle Kingdom most of the the New Kingdom the Queen the king of artists Dynasty were actually lived in Memphis yes and they had dreaming uh in the desert of Memphis and it's where they used to come to the pyramids like I'm head of the sacrament of the force and they just looked at it as the Pyramid of their ancestors in Marvel marveling at it yeah the third and smallest Pharaoh pyramid at Giza belonged to the son of khafra named mankura in the 12th century the sultan and Son of Saladin demanded the pyramids be deconstructed and the treasures inside be destroyed as they stood against Islamic values his men spent eight months dismantling the smallest King's pyramid they never found the entrance and contrary to the myth they never tried to blow up the spirit a third of his pyramid was cased in Granite many of these pieces are strewn across the desert surrounding the monument the granite nearest the entrance was engraved with a prayer for the Pharaoh it is possible that due to economic issues mankura had a smaller pyramid with many of his nearby monuments being unfinished before his death to the ancient Egyptians their wish was to become part of the Eternal stars to live on and for their name to be remembered leading up from mankura's Mostly intact Causeway you will arrive at his Mortuary Temple at the base of his pyramid this is where the Pharaoh wanted to be remembered however he never finished his Temple with its labyrinthine side Chambers and hallways leading to the great Courtyard and completely roofed off offering rooms that probably were planned to hold a spirit statue of the king the temple is mostly made from limestone and with finishings of granite it was completed by mankura's son sheb ceskov made out of crude mud brick as attested by ships himself inside the sun-based courtyard was a colossal white Alabaster statue of menkura an immortal image of the king shown an absolute perfection [Music] so inside the temple of menkara right at this door in 1907 they found a beautiful Alabaster statue of the king there's his head exactly where I'm sitting right now that's how it was in the sand completely covered in mud but we see mankara shown here beautiful eyeliner the strap for the beard drawn on and a mustache something that was quite unique was facial hair and Pharaohs yet menkara is shown with this beautiful painted-on mustache however the statue was in complete ruin obviously from when the roof fell down right behind me here yet this beautiful statue of the king shown with his painted on eyeliner and the strap for the beard and his beautiful unique mustache when this statue was taken to Boston to America to be restored this is the final image now when we see the gaps that have been filled in and the statue has been cleaned menkura has had a shave no longer has a mustache this Alabaster statue may be beautiful although the most breathtaking statues of menkura were found hundreds of meters away from his pyramid buried beneath the golden sand and are now located in the Cairo Museum discovered in his unfinished Valley Temple at Giza these Triad statues of menkura show the king wearing the white crown beside him on two statues are him with goddesses one identified as hathor the other representing a gnome or region of the Kingdom it is possible that these women are rarely his two wives the primary wife [Music] foreign represented by hathor and the secondary wife as the regional goddess one Triad statue includes a young Regional god of wasset which could be symbolizing his son and successor chapseskov his pyramid was one of the strongest and most secure the interior did not survive ancient tomb robbers in 1837 English explorers discovered something astonishing inside mankura's pyramid in the burial chamber was a granite sarcophagus as well as an elaborately decorated wooden coffin belonging to menkura oh the Osiris king of Upper and Lower Egypt mankura living before forever born of the sky king of Upper and Lower Egypt mankura living forever these texts on mankara's coffin are found in early pyramid texts which summon the sky goddess to protect the king and assist in his resurrection but most shockingly there was a mummy inside although only the upper torso and legs remain scientists have not been able to 100 percent accurately date these remains believed to be menkura unfortunately the granite sarcophagus sank with a ship that was transporting it back to England along with the other set of bones of a woman discovered in menkura's Tomb as well foreign menkura had built three queens pyramids near his own each Queen's pyramid had a small Mortuary Temple attached believed to be the tombs of two principal wives of the king and the central pyramid being for his sister and the daughter of Maris ankh named Shep said cow even though menkura is attested with around 18 years of rule relatively shorter than his father kafra and grandfather kufu there are still many tombs for his officials near his pyramid much of the Limestone for his temples and pyramids were quarried from the Giza Plateau itself not wanting to waste the Cliff of limestone many of his officials and family had their tombs dug into the Rock issued with having only two wives and four children one of the largest tombs in the Quarry belongs to the eldest son of mankura yet this son must have died young as he never succeeded his father became a scribe and Secretary of his father his tomb is created as a large colonnaded Hall when the tomb was entered in 1934 A seated statue of huera as a scribe was discovered inside the tomb is the prince shown with his mother Queen the second where he is shown holding a royal hupu bird there are an estimated 500 burials here with more still to be discovered some of the burials here include the director of the Royal dining hall overseer of mankura's Quarry noble men and women these tombs dug straight into the Limestone cliff are not Grand nor well decorated these people did what they could afford like this too the false door thoughtfully decorated in green two shafts suggest this was a shared tomb and many skeletons have been found at the Quarry tombs in shafts buried in the fetal position many tombs LED onto the next showing a clear sign of community between these men and women and spirit priest of menkura tombs in the Quarry tell us that even high status people now had less Grand Tunes like sekemka he was menkura's chief judge and high priest of ma'at the goddess who inspired the Divine Theology of balance behind all custom in ancient Egypt [Music] um among the many Mysteries of the Giza Plateau one more than any other interests me the most mankura was succeeded by his son sheb sayskov ending the fourth Dynasty this is where things get muddy for egyptologists a controversial yet absolutely thought-provoking too way out in the desert Neo menkura's sand flooded Valley Temple dedicated to a high-powered Queen decorated on its lower half with a false Palace facade this strange tomb consists of a two terrorist structure similar to a step pyramid this too was never finished but was intended to be the fourth Pharaoh's pyramid at Giza behind me is the two for Queen Kent cowes possibly the first ever female pharaoh Kent cowes evidence points to her being the daughter of pharaoh menkura she was married to her brother [Music] however when he died his possible son userkov was too young to rule and therefore Kent cowes took up the role as pharaoh becoming the first in recorded history the titles on the granite pillars can provide more clues here her titles read mother of two kings of Upper and Lower Egypt while another mentions Kent kawas as the ruler of Egypt there is even an image of the queen sitting on a throne with what some believe is a king's nemez headdress we get some people speculating about Kent cowes but we think that she ruled as the last king of Dynasty yeah because she's shown with some people believe she's wearing an image yes her too was entered in Antiquity through a robber's tunnel and ransacked the inside decorations of her too are very fragmented and only pieces of her Alabaster coffin with fayance inlays were discovered however I fear that the secrets of Kent kawas are for another day she had a small mud brick Mortuary temple built yet by her time the area between her Temple menkura's Temple and her unfinished pyramid was inhabited with workers from the end of the fourth Dynasty at the back of the pyramid carved into the large Hill of stone on many tombs dotted in the hillside undecorated and unnamed were these people that were close to Kent kawas are officials or later fifth Dynasty tombs this too might remain part of her mystery a piece of stone jutting out of the sand read the word pharaoh alongside it a false door a fragment resting in the shadow of Kent kawasa's pyramid these came from a large tomb in the near distance with its own offering Chapel in the form of a mini Temple this large Mustafa was for the Royal hairdresser who started his Noble career during the last days of the fourth Dynasty with a burial chamber deep below the mastaba above served only as a ceremonial purpose for rawair and his family later in his career he received the ranks of administrator judge and then Army overseer two busts of raw air remain various tombs are scattered around the Pyramid of Kent kawas and the mastaba of rawer some more Grand and some more humble just simple shaft pit tombs dug straight down uh evidence of settlements are found between and sometimes in these tombs although now only inhabited by ghosts and reptiles at the back of Kent kawas Hill are even more tombs some with very long passageways leading down to elaborately decorated tombs from the end of the fourth Dynasty and beginning of the fifth Dynasty the Tomb of the Scribe ratesen with the man coming out of his tomb to meet with the sunlight this is one of the last Old Kingdom tombs at Giza [Music] what does Giza mean to you I spent all my life living there and Excavating and working in front of those things at tombs of the pyramid Builders completely I lived even in front of the Great Pyramid for two years then my life is connected with this site and if you can tell people one word about the pyramids what would you describe them as one word that I could say It's Magic yeah to everyone yeah magic and secrets thank you thank you the Giza Plateau still holds so much history so many Mysteries some more tangible than others be that as it may we are ever closer to understanding the secrets of Giza thank you when it rains in Egypt which it never does you get flash flooding foreign

Channel: Curtis Ryan Woodside

Views: 609,485

Keywords: Egypt Documentary, Ancient Egypt, History Documentary, curtis Ryan woodside, egyptian secrets, ancient egyptian documentary, vatican, nefertiti, joann fletcher, black pharaohs, odyssey, Tutankhamun, lost treasures, national geographic, aliens, discovery, Zahi Hawass, who built the pyramids, megalithic, Uncovering the ancient secrets of the Great Pyramid, decoding the great sphinx, atlantis, lost civilisations, giza, pyramids, secret chamber, Virtual Egypt 4K, Joe Rogan, Future Unity

Id: jymftwQovt0

Length: 109min 7sec (6547 seconds)

Published: Thu Jan 26 2023