Science Max | LIQUIDS AND ELASTICITY | Full Episodes

have you ever done a science experiment and wondered what it'd be like if you did it big i have my name is phil and i take your everyday science experiments and do them big this is science max experiments at art [Music] this episode of science max is all about liquids what makes something float or not float oh no my loonies liquid density and super absorbent gel who wants to do an experiment with diapers liquids today on science max experiment at large hey welcome to science max experiments at large i'm phil mccordickian and hold on a second i'm just gonna change okay that's better now uh where were we all right let's go make a boat so you know that some things float and some things sink like rocks or wood or uh full water bottles and empty water bottles or uh carrots foam waffles screwdriver playing cards plasticine tin foil potato my watch hmm wait that wasn't that wasn't supposed to go in there so how oh so how do you make a boat you make it out of something that floats right well most boats are actually made out of metal tin foil is metal and well it sinks but if you fold tin foil into a boat shape it floats and boats don't only float themselves but they can hold people and cargo in fact there's container ships crossing the ocean at this very moment that are holding thousands of tons of cargo and they're all made of metal which doesn't float it sinks so how do boats do it are they magic no of course not boats are science and here you can be science maximites get some tinfoil and cut it into the same size pieces and fold a couple different shapes of boats and see which one can hold the most weight before sinking and now it's time to max it out but before we do here's how you can fold your own tinfoil boat in less than 15 seconds first take a square piece of tin foil then fold it in half fold one corner down and the other corner down then open it up and ta-dah you're done if you want instructions on how to fold a more complicated boat go to our website i have a feeling i'm going to need a few extra lab coats for this experiment like i was saying let's max out the tinfoil boat and find out a little bit more about why boats float [Applause] ah [Applause] [Music] okay well i'm i'm here at an indoor pool um which is not uh i wasn't expecting to be in the pool just yet but this is where we're going to build our giant tinfoil boat so why not who's here phil you're wet i yeah i thought i was gonna come in over there but i i came in on the waterslide i think i had the coordinates wrong anyway this is whitney and she's from let's talk science which is all about science education right yes just like us so you're gonna help me max out the tinfoil boat i think i dropped it in the water hold on [Music] the tin foil boat phil this is a boat well it looked a lot better before i came down the water slide but that's the idea and then we make it bigger what do you think i don't think it's gonna work oh well why not tin foil is very thin and it might not hold the shape of the boat well i still think we should use tinfoil though why well because the small experiment was tinfoil and i bought all of this tinfoil then let's do it tin foil okay high five i will um i'll take the tin foil and you take that and um i'm gonna have to dry off at some point welcome to shipbuilding for pirates i'm swabby and i've built some of the finest pirate ships for some of the finest pirates this side of the caribbean and i can teach you to do the same but first you need to know your basics mass and volume let's start with volume but not that kind of volume which of these two chests do you think has more volume right this one here which of these two balloons do you think has more volume right this one here volume is how much space something takes up which of these two chests has more volume hmm that's right they're the same but which of these two chests has more mass which is heavier um hard to tell isn't it but what if i told you that this one was empty and this one was full of treasure loonies now which one has more mass that's right this one these two chests have the same volume but this one has more mass this chest has more volume than that one but this one my loonies that chest does not have as much mass volume is how much space something takes up and mass is how heavy something is and when you look at them both together you're looking at density [Applause] join us next time on shipbuilding for pirates then we'll look at how volume mass and density work together to make something float oh my precious precious loonies are you all right my fertis they can't talk so i'm not sure what they're saying so who's me and i get to work constructing a large tinfoil boat our first design is just sort of a square folded together out of a very large sheet of tin foil simple but can i ride in it there we go a giant tinfoil boat just my size i don't know if it's gonna work uh it's too thin you think it's too thin i feel like this well what should we do do you want to test it let's test it okay good idea so here's here's the most important question do you want to test it or should i test it no you test it all right here we go putting it in first test does it float on its own yeah floats on its own no problem if i just get in very carefully then it will work fine see if i if i'm if i'm careful about how i get in no it's fine see if i just get in like that still are you okay wait a minute wait a minute it's sort of it's sort of no that's just air you know what went wrong it wasn't boat shaped i think if we make it look more like a canoe because canoes float if we make it look like a canoe it'll work great we need some support if we add a couple of structures in between then we add support to it i'll tell you what let's make a boat like i want to make and a boat like you want to make and we'll see whose is the best that's a good idea okay let's do that all right let's do it welcome back to shipbuilding for pirates i'm swabi and now we know what volume means what mass means and that together it can tell you something's density now let's find out why things float let's let's say we're out to sea and my treasure chest gets swept overboard oh no but it's all right it floats because it pushes enough water out of the way displaces it to carry its mass but what if my treasure chest had more treasure in it well we're giving it more mass but not more volume too much mass and not enough volume and yet you'll think oh no my loonies you need more volume if you want to float more mass and that is why things float i'm swabby and thanks for joining me on shipbuilding for pirates so the first version of the tinfoil boat didn't work out too well but my idea is to build a tinfoil boat more like a canoe to see if a different shape makes any difference tinfoil canoe very canadian very canadian the canoe part anyway i don't know about the tinfoil part so husty and i had a bit of a disagreement of why the last folk didn't work i thought it was because it wasn't shaped enough like a boat so this one looks like a canoe what i thought is that it requires some structure structure so that it wouldn't fall together that's right and we'll see how it goes all right all right here we go did it work no okay your idea next did you know it's easier to float in salt water like in the ocean than it is in fresh water like a lake or a pool that's because not all liquids are created equal they have different densities this is fresh water or it doesn't have anything in it and this is sugar if i was to put one scoop of sugar in this water and stir it around until it dissolves now this liquid is more dense than before i put the sugar in here's an experiment you can do at home using liquid density this glass just has regular water with yellow food coloring in it this glass green food coloring and half a cup of sugar in it this one has a full cup of sugar in it and this one has two cups of sugar in it now when you do this at home you'll definitely want an adult to help you because you have to heat the water if you want to dissolve that much sugar in one glass of water i'm going to put them all in one container you can do this at home and when you do i suggest you use a very small container because you have to be very careful when you put the layers in you can use a turkey baster or a straw when you put your finger on top the air pressure will hold the liquid in and you can just drop it in but these kind of take some time so i'm going to use the syringe of science i'm going to use the most dense liquid first because that's the one that's going to want to be on the bottom i carefully put it on the bottom of the container the next layer be very careful you'll see that the red and the blue aren't mixing because they have different densities the blue is heavier than the red we'll add the green and you can see even when it drips into the red it comes back up to the top because the green liquid isn't as dense as the red liquid and the denser liquids push the lighter liquid up and now we're going to add the yellow which of course has no sugar in it at all and there you go all the layers stay separate if you put it on a light you can really see it liquid densities now let's max it out the longest length of liquid layers 12 liquids all organized by density starting from the bottom we have honey corn syrup chocolate syrup maple syrup dish soap whole milk water dyed blue vegetable oil extra virgin olive oil rubbing alcohol baby oil and lamp oil liquid density i really really want to mix it up but it took me a long time to make this so i'm not going to our first two attempts of the tin foil boat haven't gone so well husnia's idea is to make a tinfoil boat and add some more structure because the tin foil just wants to collapse when i get in it so we start with a large piece of cardboard on the bottom then we wrap the tin foil around it and shape it into a boat after that we add some supports across the top to stop it from folding in when we add my weight to it this boat feels a lot stronger than the one i was just doing i told you so how does all of this work so we got some support using broomsticks and then some cardboard paper and then underneath we have cardboard cardboard and so how will all of this help the boat not sink with me in right the broomsticks will prevent it from folding this way yeah and you won't sink good the cargo will prevent it from folding this way and you won't sink again not sinking is my favorite thing to do in the tin foil boat all right so let's try it let's see are you gonna get in this one i'll tell you what phil if you get in and you don't sink i'll go after you deal all right all right here we go [Music] is no hold on one two three go another thing i learned is that a very light tinfoil boat can be very heavy when it's full of water i don't know if fixing it is in the cards i think we i think we're gonna have to build another boat so what do you think we should do let's add more structure more structure oh yeah what if we add like a metal rod around the outside and maybe some more metal rods and ribs and we wrap it all in tin foil and you think it'll work let's give it a try let's give it a try don't worry about it i've got this no i get it i'll get it [Music] who wants to do an experiment with diapers oh oh oh no no i'm serious you may have a little brother or sister at home which means you probably know where you can find some diapers but there are two things you need to remember first ask an adult if you can use the diapers for your experiment and two only use unused diapers okay okay so you take the diaper and if you cut it be very careful maybe get an adult to help you over some black construction paper like i have here and you shake the diaper over the construction paper you'll see that there's a little powder that comes up and this is the secret ingredient this is super absorbent gel what it does is it soaks up all the liquid and diapers are full of them and you carefully pour into a plastic cup like that now you can see i have already done it with a number of diapers it's important to use a plastic cup because it's a little messy although it's non-toxic it's totally safe but it's still easier to clean up by just throwing the cup away now add some water and what happens is this super absorbent gel absorbs the water and turns very quickly into a paste look at that now let's max it out five kilograms of super absorbent gel 500 liters of water now it is time to do science [Music] and i have my own stir sticks yep definitely coming along i'm not exactly sure if we're getting anything on this camera but i want to make sure it's recording yep it's recording there we go [Music] it is definitely turning solid well there you go the giant super absorbent gel experiment corey trevor i need some help getting out how many outfits have i been through in this episode [Music] how many outfits have i been through in this episode anybody have a towel there you go but thanks buddy that's that's great husnia's idea of adding structure to the tinfoil boat was definitely right we just needed to go further so we did it again this time we made a much larger boat we started with a sheet of cardboard then wrapped the tin foil around and added some metal supports taped to the cardboard across the boat this way to make ribs as well as some other supporting pieces in the front and the back then another metal rod all the way around the top and finally supports across the middle all right feel how strong it is i'm really excited about this version of the tinfoil boat what we did is we used thwarts uh big hard pieces of wood that we did last time but this time we have ribs ribs right which are made of a cardboard a metal rod attached to it and and shaped and we did a whole bunch of them in the whole length of the boat and then we used all of this bendable metal and we have one that runs all the way around the gunnels and a whole bunch that run down the inside and we even used bike fenders at the front and the back of the boat to give it super rigidity so that it hopefully won't go like all the other boats have done so far are you ready husnia let's do this one two three lift all right putting it over it floats but that doesn't tell us anything because they've all floated at this point it's only when i i get into it okay here we go all right [Music] hey it works all right oh it's working look at that it works perfectly the tinfoil boat experiment has been done science max experiments at large what do you think museum the only reason i got into this book because i knew it's gonna work really oh yeah so you knew you would never get wet see i don't think that's fair i think it's time that you that you got wet yeah i think we should go i think you and i should just get wet right now whoa you're still dry aren't you kidding that is so unfair science max is a show where we take small experiments and do them big if you want to try these experiments yourself go to our website for instructions but not all the experiments on science max are the kind you should try at home this one yes this no try this don't try this a big yes a big no i i don't know how you could possibly do this one at home and remember if you're ever not sure ask an adult thanks for watching max experiments have you ever done a science experiment and wondered what it'd be like if you did it big i have my name is phil and i take your everyday science experiments and do them big this is science max experiments and arch science facts this episode of science max is all about elastic energy we use it to build a catapult and a paddle wheel boat and then we max them out we even learned some history elastic energy today on science max experiments at large welcome to science max experiments at large i'm phil mccordick and today we're going to be building one of the most devastating one of the most powerful machines known to medieval man using a plastic spoon among other things we're going to be building a catapult catapults were used throughout history for all kinds of reasons to throw all kinds of things but mostly big stone blocks at castle walls in order to knock them down here's what you need in order to build your own catapult you need elastics uh pencils um unsharpened is fine plastic spoons like i said and popsicle sticks popsicle popsicle sticks popsicle sticks um i'm gonna go wash my hand [Music] so here's the science behind what we're doing today it's all about elastic force elasticity is a property of solid materials like this elastic and how much they tend to return to their original shape when deformed like when i pull on it elastics are called elastics because they're great at doing just that you can pull on it and pull on it and pull on it and it'll ow wow wow always return to its original shape so we are using the power of elastic force today now it's time for a science max quiz elasticity is the ability for a material to return to its original shape when deformed like this or this which of these materials have elasticity a rubber band a pencil or a rock this is a trick question the answer is all three most solid materials have elasticity nearly everything will deform a little and still be able to return to its original shape it all depends on how much this is a steel bar this is an elastic band and this is an ice cream sundae we're not talking about ice cream sundaes now though so get that out of here good now a steel bar and elastic band both have elasticity a steel bar can be stretched to one percent of its length and still spring back a rubber band can be stretched 300 or more the difference between the two is why we make balls out of rubber and buildings out of steel because the other way around wouldn't be good for balls or buildings this has been a science max quiz all right let's build our catapult the first step take four pencils and stick your popsicle stick in between so you have two on the top and two on the bottom and then use your elastic to go around and around and around that's why i like building things with elastics because it makes it very fast to tie things together because once you go around and you have it nice and tight you just pop it over the end and voila it stays together and that is how you start making your frame put more pencils on that side and another popsicle stick on the other end held on at the corners with more elastics then take even more elastics and put them right around the middle until you get this i've added a few more elastics around the middle here and that is where we're gonna get all of our elastic force i think i have six the more you use the better it's going to work take your popsicle stick stick in between the elastics and then start spinning it around here's the reason i use pencils and popsicle sticks is because the pencils are a little bit longer which allows you to twist the popsicle stick around in the middle and build up the elastic force now because i'm twisting the elastic force we're using here is called torsion or twisting force when you feel you have enough torsion pull your popsicle stick down a little bit so it won't unwind on you and you'll see that you have all kinds of elastic energy then take your spoon and stick it on the popsicle stick and you can also break off the popsicle stick if you want to make sure it's the right length and it works like that to make the frame you just need more pencils and elastics the trick is to make a triangle with two pencils attached to your frame they should stick up right where your catapult arm would be fully upright then take a final pencil and put it across the top don't forget to pull the arm back before you put the pencil across otherwise it'll end up on the wrong side now this is very complicated and i went pretty fast so if you want the step-by-step instructions on exactly how to build this go to our website and there you go a catapult of your very own that you can use to knock down very small castle walls i've also built a larger catapult using all of the same principles pretty good huh it's got a longer arm which means i can throw marshmallows even further whoa or i can throw larger marshmallows or i can throw very large marshmallows now i know what you're thinking you're thinking phil is that the largest catapult you're gonna make well of course not this is science max experiments at large i'm headed to the center for skills development and training and we're gonna max out the catapult so that it's big enough to throw one of these [Music] [Music] uh hey zach hey phil how you doing all right this is zach he's a mechanical engineer and you build machines for a living right that's right great cause i need help building a catapult okay but what's with the pumpkin well the pumpkin is what i want to throw out of the catapult um see i figured we just take the small design and we just make it so that we can throw one of these what do you think you're gonna need a really big catapult yeah and i'm also gonna need some really big elastics where do you get those well in medieval times they used rope to make large catapults oh okay well rope is a lot easier to get and that would be fine uh and i want to make this arm uh as long as this piece of wood here this is gonna be a huge caterpillar it's a huge catapult i guess you should build it outside though huh let's do it okay it's over that way okay i'll follow you sure do you want a hand with that no no i'm fine you go ahead and i'll just maybe if you hold the door open for me i could just hold nuts you know what you go and i'll meet you i'm sure you're good our full-size catapult is going to look a lot like the popsicle stick version we start with a four-sided frame and add some legs on the bottom our spoon is going to be replaced by a long throwing arm with a basket on the end then we need a really strong cross brace at the top to stop the arm just like in the small version using a triangle shape is the best because triangles are very strong finally we need something to wind around and around which is going to give us our elastic force instead of elastics we're going to be using rope for our catapult because rope has just the right amount of elasticity but unlike medieval times we're gonna be catapulting pumpkins once zach and i got it all put together it looked like this okay we have built a catapult check it out it's pretty solid and i think it's pretty amazing and just like in the small catapult we have our elastic force but this time we're using rope right zach yes okay and rope will work as well as the elastic did in the small one yeah all right great so what do we do it's really loose now we need to wind this up so we put some tension into it go the reason a catapult works is because the rope is twisted the elasticity in the rope wants to unwind which gives the catapult its power just like the small catapults the more you wind it the better it works usually in medieval days they had whole teams of people doing this job but it's just me and zach now how you doing zach all right okay and then we clamp it on here so the thing doesn't unwind right yep good all right now we have our pumpkin and we're gonna fire our pumpkin in our castle wall which is made out of cardboard boxes over there pumpkin all right here we go pulling the arm back oh oh that elastic force is pretty strong okay how do you think do you think that pumpkin's a good size oh it's pretty big do you think a little too big it's too big for our basket smaller pumpkin smaller pumpkin i'll hold this no rush stack no rush oh okay rush zach can't hold oh yeah i can't hold arm okay ready one two three it didn't work that well uh that well yeah so it went and it flew and it landed here which is a little farther away from the wall than i'd like it to be one third of the way to the wall i don't know if that's enough what do we do to make it better well the way we're throwing it right now we just have the pumpkin in us you know at the end of the arm so if we make some kind of a sling so that we fling it as we're bringing it up we make a sling yes all right i don't know how to make a sling but you know how sure all right we'll make it and then you can explain how it works yeah all right good let's put the pumpkin over here we'll put it we'll recycle it later max historica good morning to you i am lord filington iii and welcome to my medieval castle throughout history lords and kings have built castles and walls to keep people out i built my castle to protect my prize collection of snow globes i have so very many and they're all mine oh hello you down there you can't come in this is my castle and through our history there have been people who've been wanting to get into those castles because lord fillington has been hogging all the snow globes and i'd well i'd like to look at them but the odd part is figuring out how to get into the castle because i can't just come up to the wall and start hammering on it taste the wrath of my water balloon because because if i get too close to the castle he can get me fortunately there's this thing called a catapult oh fiddlesticks they have a catapult what you do is you put something heavy in the end here and the catapult fires it at the walls of the castle knocks them down or from far enough away that the people in the castle can't get to you oh i surrender don't knock my walls down oh it'll take me all week to fix them oh all right all right you can have a snow globe [Music] and that's how catapults were used in history oh so beautiful back to our maxed out catapult our first design threw a pumpkin just like it was supposed to except it only threw it one third of the way to the wall now zach and i are planning to outfit the catapult with a sling the sling attaches to the end of the throwing arm and gives the pumpkin a lot more distance to travel because the pumpkin is traveling a longer distance in the same amount of time it will be going faster which will hopefully get it to the wall or at least a lot farther than before so we built this sling how does this work zach well we've got one end tied here yeah and then we put the pumpkin in here wait wait okay pulling arm down pulling arm down okay yeah now what now we put the pumpkin in here put the pumpkin in there and then we loop this over the back of the oh over that as the throwing arm goes up this will slide off the back of the throwing arm and will release the pumpkin all right you're the expert i believe you let's try it out three two one whoa okay that works really well you know what the problem is though we still don't have enough oomph yeah it needs more power so what do we do i don't know if we can crank that rope anymore i think we're at the limit of our rope power but if we added some more elastic i thought we weren't going to use elastic well we used elastics in our small demo models what if we use some more we have i don't know yeah i've got them in here just in case what's this it's uh surgical tubing it's like a giant elastic well i guess this is elastic force so do we do we twist it around at the bottom there we just wrap it around the throwing arm like this oh i see so we tie it here yeah we just need a lot more and then and then we pull this and it would be oh yeah that would make a lot more so we just need a lot more of this elastic what is it what is this again surgical tubing surgical tubing it's like a giant elastic fantastic all right goggles on goggles on yes yes [Music] here's another fun way you can play with an elastic force take a milk carton i prefer science max milk because it's the creamiest two percent cream 100 science wrap some elastic bands around it with some popsicle sticks on the bottom sort of like feet then take some clamshell packaging which wraps just about anything you buy nowadays and cut out a square or a rectangle then wrap some tape around that square with an elastic in it and put the elastic on the feet of your milk carton then wind it around and make sure you go backwards so your paddle wheel boat will go forwards when you put it in the water [Music] and there you go a paddle wheel boat now it is time to max it out the ss maxed out elastic force paddle wheel boat mattress i need i need a better name but i've made a giant paddle wheel boat that will work on elastic force because i've got surgical tubing as my elastics and that's an air mattress and then i use some lumber to hold it all together and of course i need a paddle wheel and what better thing to use in a pool than a flutter board okay here we go so normally you're not allowed to wear your clothes and your shoes in the pool but i got special permission because of signs besides i'm not worried at all so i didn't wear my swimming outfit because i figure i can totally do this entire experiment without even getting wet that is how confident i am all right now the tricky part will be getting on to the mattress okay here we [Music] the go science hey ss science that's a great name for this look it works great and i meant to say totally dry huh well almost you thought i was gonna fall in the pool but i didn't uh oh my flutter board has has stopped moving and i'm i'm in the middle of the pool almost didn't think this through no no no no that's not going to work maybe i'll maybe i'll wait our maxed out catapult was working well with the sling we attached to it but it still didn't make it all the way to the wall zach's idea is to attach a bunch of surgical tubing to the cross piece of the catapult surgical tubing is pretty much big elastics so we'll have two places we're getting elastic force from the rope and the surgical tubing hopefully this design is enough to help our catapult fling a pumpkin far enough to hit the castle wall all right here we go uh you hold that i get this we got our system down now okay this goes up to there okay okay three two one [Music] one two three [Music] went too far it went too far we are that's so good oh man okay so all we got to do is move the catapult back so you get that side i'll get this side and we'll move the catapult see now our catapult is too good we got to back it away from the castle all right let's go again pumpkin pumpkin pulling arm back pulling arm back grunting loading pulling hooking rope on arm hook and rope an arm more grunting more crunching pulling back strongly one two three oh oh oh wow we're inside the castle we're still inside the castle oh man that's an excellent shot though so what do we do move the catapult back yeah move the catapult back right about here here here we go again pumpkin pumpkin loading arm loading arm food all right you ready you think it's going to work we've got we've got every modification we can possibly do so you think it's going to work we did it it's going to work okay here we go i'm excited all right ready ready one two three high fives well there you have it awesome job now we need to throw fingers to see who gets to rebuild the castle okay one two three oh thanks very much for joining us as you take a break i'll rebuild the castle you see this is exactly how catapults used to work they'd hit the same part of the wall over and over until they made a big hole and that would weaken the wall fortunately for me it's really easy to fix all right i just put this right in here oh man uh the pool will be closing in five minutes no i'll do it no no taste the wrath of my water balloon i don't believe it really sells it if he doesn't smash the water balloon does he good moral to you i got my feather in my my face oh you got it be kidding me

Channel: Science Max - 9 Story

Views: 2,387,159

Keywords: science, experiments, science experiments, science max, rocket car, balloon powered car, lab, phil, big balloon, bowling balls, boats, guinea pigs, science max experiment, brainiac, science tv, science max catapult, science max season 1

Id: eaG-yqX84GQ

Length: 43min 32sec (2612 seconds)

Published: Wed Jun 21 2017