Hi, I'm Ed Hope, a junior doctor in the UK and welcome to my channel, Sick Notes where I explained medical things in simple terms like the other week I looked at the medical anime Cells at Work and not only did the show blow me away but your response to the video did as well over a million views in a few days guys thank you so, so much for all the support So it's only fair that I check out episode number two of Cells at Work [anime plays - Japanese audio] So, we're following our red blood cell again as she carries the oxygen around the body and she's lost, like she spent most of the first episode and we met them briefly before but we get properly introduced to the very cute platelets The medical term for them is the thrombocytes "THROMBO" because they're involved in creating a thrombus- That's what we call a blood clot - and CYTE is a name we give to any mature cell [Japanese audio continues] So in this depiction they're little kids and this ties in because platelets are actually very tiny about a third of the size of a red blood cells That's because their job is to really plug the small gaps when a thrombus forms. And this episode is called a scrape wound so we're probably going to find out all about how they work and everything they're carrying as well Aw, I like that the platelet calls the red blood cell "Big Sister" because this is entirely accurate because the two are related in the kind of family tree of blood cells So they share the same ancestry of cells all produced in the center of the bones, what we call the bone marrow in a process we call hematopoiesis Quite literally means "production of blood" So we have our stems cells in the bone marrow You've probably heard of these in lots of medical research because they've got the ability to turn into lots of different cell types. One of these cell types is the myeloid progenitor cells quite a long word! And in turn, they can develop into lots of different cells as well So we have the erythrocyte the red blood cell, so one our of fan favorites in Cells at Work. ERYTHRO means red and CYTE, as we said earlier, is a mature cell. The myeloid progenitor cell can also turn into a megakaryocyte which sounds like something out power rangers, doesn't it? I'll draw our megakaryocyte here And this is the cell that produces platelets Strictly speaking, platelets themselves are not cells, they're just fragments broken up from these big megakaryocyte So when the red blood cell and the platelets refer to themselves as sisters, you know, they pretty much are And also just to complete the picture, this myeloid progenitor cell can also turn into our favorite ... The neutrophil So they're kinda all one big happy family So this is our scrape wound, uh it's much more radical than I expected I mean the whole city, representing the skin, has been damaged, but this kinda fits right? Anyone that's had a scrape wound or an abrasion before will know that it takes a long time to heal actually you'll notice some discoloration for awhile, sometimes you'll be permanently left with some kind of scar, so maybe I underestimated - obviously these guys are very small so even small injuries are gonna have big effects on individual cells There he is, the man! I'm not sure white blood cells quite do this with red blood cells, but you know creative license Okay so in the first episode we had to deal with one bacterium, the streptococcus pneumoniae and in this one we have to deal with a whole bunch, 'cause one of the functions of the skin is to be a physical barrier between the outside world and your bodies, so if that gets broken, then any bacteria that's just normally happily living on our skin, that doesn't effect us, can then get under the skin and begin to proliferate and cause an infection like we see all these nasties here And the classic example of a bacterium that normally lives on our skin and doesn't cause any problems is staphlyococcus aureus and its really well represented here so the staphlyococcus, remember I talked about in the last video means it forms these grape like colonies We can see that the shape they've made the bacterium kind of represents that And aureus means gold or yellow-y color that's obviously why they've picked this color because staphlyococcus aureus has this kind of pigment A gold yellow-y pigment that's part of its defense mechanism that makes it harder for the immune system to break down the bacteria I love that. Its a great sort of visual depiction and explanation of vasoconstriction so when our arteries become more narrow during acute blood loss to stop blood from getting lost Some of the really scary massive bleeds I've seen as an emergency doctor, you get an idea of the scale that the body can shut down peripherally when it needs to So the patient would go look very pale and very cold and although that's what you want your body to do because you want to preserve all the blood for the important organs for a doctor that makes your job more difficult in treating the patient because, you know, we want to get access into the veins to try and give blood and fluids and that's more difficult when the veins are kind of shutting down So streptococcus pyogenes So pyogenes means puss presumably because this bacteria causes lots of puss when it infects, and pseudomonas! I always wondered what these two bacteria looked like close up When we meet streptococcus pyogenes here its tail is made up of all these little blobs connected together, I think that represents the streptococcus colony formation of this chain that we talked about in the last episode It does make you think, because you have these colonies of bacteria on your skin, that when you do get a trauma and they get in to the body, this exact thing is happening, you know not quite as bad ass and dramatic, but your immune system is doing its job it is fighting these bugs Its a pretty amazing thing to happen just so that all your other cells can carry on living And so that they can carry on making you, you! I'm not quite sure what all these other nasties are, the other bacterium, but maybe we'll find out in later episodes I'm judging at how much care and attention has gone into this show No doubt they are based on some kind of pathogen - maybe we'll find out in later episodes I don't know of any of them that produce these kinds of stick like projections, but let me know in the comments if you do So the ability to communicate between cells totally happens, and you might think how does that happen? Because these neutrophils as we learnt in the first episode are migrating cells, so they can't really use things like the nervous system to communicate to each other well they use chemical messengers that we call cytokines. so CYTO meaning cells, as we talked about earlier, and KINES meaning kinetic, because these cytokines are when a cell produces them, draw other cells to that area so that would be what would be going on here So the staphylococcus aureus has clearly done her microbiology class, discussing all the immune cells and their kind of rough timelines in fighting infection Aw, so we have the platelets come to the rescue and we see the blood clotting here what we kind of thought we'd see at the beginning of the episode essentially the blood clotting is a load of chemical reactions that turn something that's soluble in water, fibrinogen, so it can be transported around the body to fibren, something insoluble that forms this kind of net that we can see that covers up the clot Then lots of stuff gets stuck in that net like the platelets and other cells to form a kind of plug and to stop any blood- any more blood from coming out of the blood vessel Aw, we got a little bit of a brewing love story between the red blood cell and the white blood cell I feel bad telling you that... this stuff doesn't happen And I like her little curved piece of hair she has here I wonder if that's something relevant or not That's right, I've been reading the comments So they do show the plug that the fibrin sticks everything to in the end So very good! Bravo! Aw man, that's another fantastic episode I hope you guys enjoyed my thoughts on it I mean the show does such a great job with explaining the medical science Anyway, but if you want me to look at more episodes, then please give this video a thumbs up and a comment and subscribe to the channel as well because then you'll be notified when I do the next one Just, again, thank you so much for all the support on the first video I was absolutely blown away by the response and I really appreciate it, so I'll keep doing as much content as I can, so until next time I'll see you soon
"I like that the platelet calls the red blood cell big sister because it this is entirely acurrate''
ah damn can this anime be any cuter?
dude, his first video got him 1.6 million views, wtf
He is so wholesome, I love him.
Dr. Hope is the man! I get the feeling he's going to do all the episodes from this season!
His Episode 1 video did ~1.5million views in only 6 to 7 days. To compare, his next best video is 9 months old and has ~640k views.
The fans / viewers have spoken and anime has taken over this good doctor's channel ;)
Are you telling me my red blood cells and white blood cells are nOT FALLING IN LOVE ???
IF THEY AREN"T DOING THAT WHAT ARE THEY GOOD FOR
The representation of reality that's being done by this anime was beyond my imagination. From a doctor's perspective, this show is would deliver potentially a completely different experience if compared to layman watcher, because there's so much of these little details that completes the whole experience... it's incredible.
Like, the part of platelet calling the RBC "sister", for a layman, it could just be a japanese way of speak, when in reality, both cells are born by the same cell (explained by the doc).
I can't wait for a full review by this guy.
Loved his first reaction and loved that it became one of his most viewed videos to date. Gonna watch this when I get home from work, can't wait.
I really like this series. Its great to see an actual Doctor's explanation about this series.
I love this guy, his enthusiasm is so infectious. Glad that the first video did so well for him.