DOCTOR reacts to CELLS AT WORK! CODE BLACK // Episode 1 // "Smoking, Bacteria... "

it never rains does it sells away you've got one problem with the carbon monoxide i log cubs of bacteria hello and welcome back to the channel my name is ed hope a junior doctor in the uk and today we're going to be breaking down the animate cells at work code black now we're big fans of cells at work on the channel why is it called code black well this one takes place in an unhealthy body and not only that a lot of the themes are let's say a little bit more adult so they deal with smoking alcoholism and sexually transmitted diseases so this isn't for everyone i've actually already reviewed this episode when it's a manga so i'll leave a link up there if you want to check it out and so spoilers i kind of know what's going to happen so let's jump into it that intro is really blooming cool had the kind of hairs on the back of my neck tingling i love the slightly different animation style and the sound i remember saying that the first episode of cells work the sound there it's so good so ominous and this opening sequence of the red blood cells being killed here is a homage to the first ever episode of cells at work because this streptococcus pneumonia was the bacteria we saw there and just to remind you it's a hemolytic bacteria meaning it can break down red blood cells you know as perfectly demonstrated here and it's a great little intro to cells at work black you notice things aren't quite as healthy as usual so the cells are working harder here and they look a little bit more unkempt and that's saying something because the body and the first cells at work had a hell of a lot of problems too and spot these greasy little grubbiness here in the blood vessels we'll come on to them later and we meet the red blood cell so again that's the protagonist in this series and this time he's a guy and he's also got that little quiff that we saw the red blood cell have in usual cells at work which i know many people thought was a sign that she was a sickle cell which you know i was never convinced off they've got this great old school film like harking back to the good old days and the background music played on a recorder conjures up this more innocent childhood-like time when no doubt things were healthier before the vices of you know cigarette and drinking and the other stresses of adulthood and look at how innocent the white blood cell here is and we've already seen a sneak peek of how badass she is at the beginning what the hell all the cells are a bit more innocent apart from the cytotoxic t cells which suddenly got these proper like low cut man pex showing everyone's favorite at least the platelets are still cute i'm being a connoisseur of the manga i can tell you here that this is a character we're gonna meet in episode two this is a hepatocyte because episode two is all about alcoholism and obviously hepatocyte is one of the cells in the liver and they aren't that kinky in real life we meet the chief cell in the stomach now it's that's its actual name it's called a chief cell they've not just put chief on there because he's the boss the chi cell's job here is to secrete pepsinogen into the stomach there are also cells called parietal cells that secrete the hydrochloric acid which is represented here as lava the lava or the acid helps to kill any bugs that may have been in food that we've ingested but also the acid helps to activate this pepsinogen that's produced by the chief cells it turns pepsinogen into pepsin and that's the active enzyme that breaks down proteins i've said this throughout my first look at the first series not only are the stories about cellular physiology and anatomy they also deal with many of the themes that we see in healthcare one of the big criticisms we often get in healthcare is that we don't introduce ourselves often if we're busy or have a very brief encounter to help another colleague out with a patient we may not introduce ourselves totally unprofessional totally unacceptable understand why it's often a criticism and no doubt why they've put it in here good bit of feedback from the chief cell our new red blood cell then has to orientate himself around the circulatory system and he uses this funny old diagram of it actually they seem to have put all the veins on the right hand side of the body and all the arteries on the left-hand side of the body and i understand it's supposed to be conceptual which is a good way of learning but for clarity it's only the major blood vessels that have this kind of asymmetry so the superior and inferior vena cava going into the heart they're on the right side and the aorta coming off the heart is on the left side all these other blood vessels so the pulmonary vasculature here the brachial blood vessels and the crotid and jugular the blood supply to the brain head and neck should all have both arteries and veins so both red and blue blood vessels in the diagram this is definitely me being nick pick you though because as i say a nice little conceptual way for him to understand things in the original cells at work we only ever saw the red blood cell carrying one container of oxygen and here obviously to show the red blood cells are working harder they have to carry two containers hinting at the strain they're under in this less healthy body but in reality an individual red blood cell can only carry slightly more oxygen if there's some available around it or if the ph is higher or the temperature is lower as demonstrated by the oxygen dissociation curve but nowhere near twice as much oxygen but what could happen is that someone could be unhealthy that it raises their heart rate so each individual red blood cell would be working harder because it will be traveling around the body more often although it's worth noting what i just said means the work is really being done by the heart exactly demonstrating what we just talked about so the red blood cells here are traveling a lot quicker than in our healthy body from the original cells at work [Music] not so cute now are they it's very realistic because this is what kids are like nowadays two one five three no idea why they picked that numbers and letters if anyone knows let me know i can't think of any cellular physiology reason why that is the case and we end this scene with a lovely food bonus dropping from the lower esophageal sphincter in to the stomach there is okay so we meet a mentor to our red blood cell and he's saying that things didn't always used to be like this under stress they've had to prioritize oxygen to just the vital organs in the last episode of the original cells at work we learned about the concept of shock so a life-threatening emergency where you have a circulatory collapse leading to lack of oxygen to the tissues this is what happens when the blood supply is reduced very abruptly what we call acutely but what we're really talking about here is chronic hypoperfusion so a slow reduction in tissue perfusion over many months and years meaning the body has time to adapt it's not clear here when they talk about stress whether they mean psychological stress so anxiety related or more of a physical stress so impacts of unhealthy lifestyle changes but i'm guessing it's a bit of both jesus christ that's pretty ominous i don't remember the manga being that sinister the ldl guys dumping cholesterol here i certainly remember that from the manga all these greasy and grubby deposits we've been seeing in the background of the blood vessels they are plaques of lipids that over time collect in the blood vessels and narrow them in a process called atherosclerosis a type of vascular disease the ldl the illegal dumpers we see here are molecules created by the liver to store high levels of cholesterol in the blood vessels so they circulate around the blood and end up being deposited in the intimal layer of the blood vessel wall this causes narrowing itself but it's actually the inflammatory response to this mediated by our good old friends the macrophages that really takes us to the next level the macrophage eat these oxidized ldl and turn into foam cells which increases the inflammatory process we then get calcium deposited into that and that hardens the arteries this narrowing and hardening of the artery restricts blood flow as demonstrated here as a red blood cell has more difficulty getting down the blood vessel there is plenty of reserve in the system though all of us will have these athlotic changes going on already in our body but the blood vessels are significantly wide enough for that not to be a problem but clearly it can get so narrow that it starts depriving oxygen of the tissues that blood vessel supplies and this leads to what we call ischemia for example in the heart this can lead to something called ischemic heart disease one of its manifestations is angina which is a reproducible chest pain on exertion as the heart works hard it temporarily outstrips its blood supply even worse than this the atheroma in the blood vessel may rupture meaning a clot will form there and completely occlude the blood vessel using our example again if that happens in the coronary arteries in the heart this would lead to a myocardial infarction commonly called a heart attack is the body going to be all right well no no no if it carries on like this they'll end up coming into the emergency department with a myocardial infarction to see someone like me so the red blood cells done his homework because that's an absolutely appropriate route so the split he's talking about let's go back to our diagram is here so on the arch of the aorta so turning upwards would take him up the left common carotid artery but they're going to continue down the descending aorta to the gut so they'll either be taking the celiac trunk if they're going to the fore gut so that's the blood supply that supplies the stomach and the liver or they'll be taking the superior mesenteric artery so that supplies the mid gut so the pancreas the small bowel and some of the large bowel or they'll be taking the inferior mesenteric artery so that's the main blood supply to the large bowel quick little interruption for this video just to let you know that i have some face masks available if you guys need them they're mandatory in a lot of places at the moment and yeah i've designed some exclusively for the channel so they have all the cells of the immune system so loads of cells we're seeing in these series for example we have our cinephil here a neutrophil a red blood cell a basophil all the cells immediate system all the cells that are keeping us safe at the moment in this pandemic and also when you open up the mask a little coronavirus sneaking in the top and for really nerdy people like me some of the cells if you uncover them are actually reacting doing part the adaptive immune response against the viral infection i know you can get face mask in a lot of places but instead of getting them from some big multi-conglomerate i thought you might want to support an independent creator that would be awesome and it's back to your scheduled broadcast and the carbon monoxide is here i remember this from the manga really nasty chemical this one as the mentor says hemoglobin has a much higher affinity for carbon monoxide than oxygen himself like a bit of a design flaw in our build but i'm guessing we just wouldn't have encountered carbon monoxide much when we were evolving so hemoglobin actually has a 240 times greater affinity for carbon monoxide than it does for oxygen in reality what that means is if carbon monoxide is in the atmosphere and you breathe it in your red blood cells are going to take the carbon monoxide and not the oxygen therefore you know there's a lot in the environment it can be fatal okay it never rains does it sells away you've got one problem with the carbon monoxide along cubs of bacteria this is sort of a coincidence because if you were to inhale loads of carbon monoxide it wouldn't leave you more susceptible to infection but i know where this is heading i know what's causing the carbon monoxide i won't ruin it for you now but the reason why there's carbon monoxide there could lead to an increase why there's more likely to be bacteria there too which i'll come on to wow jesus christ the pneumococcus made short work of those red blood cells which is what we said earlier it's hemolytic so it can break down red blood cells very easily yes mate the new neutrophil just as badass from the first one maybe even a little bit more his mentor is absolutely right once the cell has fully matured it has limited options on what type of cells it can turn into hence why stem cells are so important in research because they can change into any other cells although some cells do have the ability to change into other cells we call that metaplasia but it's often not that useful having said that though this 100 cannot happen in a red blood cell because it's lost all its organelles and its nucleus so there's no way it can produce any kind of proteins to be anything other than a red blood cell and that's also why it's life is limited to just 120 days so this chat will always be a red blood cell and we have the big reveal with that kind of mystery music that the carbon monoxide increase is from smoking it's probably the title for this video i don't know why i tried to keep it a secret and this is totally accurate often when i do a blood test on people that are smokers i will find incidentally that their carbon monoxide is raised in the blood having said that carbon monoxide although is a toxin is probably one of the least toxic things in cigarettes that's really saying something and what i'm saying earlier it may not be a coincidence that we had carbon monoxide in the blood as well as a pneumococcal infection although the two aren't directly related smokers are more likely to get respiratory tract infections for multiple reasons so it damages the structure of the lungs and the airways it also paralyzes the mucociliary escalator so the little hairs that help you clear out the mucus that all the bacteria stick to so if they aren't getting cleared out the bacteria colonize the area the pneumosite said they hadn't seen cigarette smoke for 10 years and a lot of smoking damage is permanent but some of it is reversible particularly after a very long amount of time like 10 years so from the world health organization's website so after 10 years your risk of lung cancer falls to about half of that of a smoker and your risk of cancer of the mouth throat and esophagus bladder cervix and pancreas decreases and after 15 years the risk of coronary heart disease is that of the non-smokers also you wouldn't want this neutrophil in your lung at the moment neutrophils and macrophages are actually the cause of a lot of damage from smoking that's why it's not a good idea for her to stick around because as the noxious particles and toxins go into the lungs it activates the neutrophils and they begin releasing their digestive enzyme stuff like elastase and elastis breaks down the your lovely beautiful elastic connective tissue in the lungs this is a much more irreversible type of lung damage and after sort of 10 20 years this can lead to something called emphysema part of the picture of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease so there you go that's my look at the first episode of cells at work black i know season two of cells at work has just aired as well i'm gonna try and get that video out for you as quick as possible if you like this please share it around give it a like give it a comment what did i miss what would you like to hear me talk about more on and if you want to support the channel as well you can get some of the face coverings that i mentioned earlier and it just leads me to say thank you so so much for all the continued support on the channel i hope you're all well given this difficult time doing these things connecting with you guys in this community has been a huge positive that's helped get me through all this so on that note thanks again and i'll see you soon [Music] you

Channel: Dr Hope's Sick Notes

Views: 246,056

Rating: 4.9832149 out of 5

Keywords: cells at work! code black, code black, Hataraku Saibou Black, doctor reacts to cells at work black, doctor reacts to cells at work code black, doctor reacts to hataraku saibou black, doctor watches, doctor reacts to cells at work, episode 1, smoking, carbon monoxide

Id: E8zPTL1DVOo

Length: 18min 48sec (1128 seconds)

Published: Fri Jan 15 2021

Reddit Comments

[u/Idaret]

Weebification in progress. He will get white-cell dakimakura next year probably

[u/southern1983]

His Konnichiwa was adorable