Reading Drawings

in this video I'll be going through the basics of reading drawings so in construction one of the most important parts is that you know how to read the construction drawings because if you can't read them you can't do much else so one of the first assignments that we do for this semester is just to make sure that the students are acquainted with the drawings we teach a 300 level course so students typically will have already taken a reading drawings class and have usually worked in the field by the point they get to our class however not all have so this assignment goes through the very basics of reading drawings and the different parts that they will need to know in order to excel in our class so this is the student version that you're seeing right now and I'll be working off the answer key in a minute but I want to show the different kinds of questions that we ask and what we consider to be most important a lot of this is also geared towards understanding how the drawings are laid out because even though you might not know what something means if you know where to go to find it then you're golden so first of all we uploaded a very specific set of plans for this assignment so I took a set of plans that was about 120 pages and broke it down and created a file that was only about 15 pages that way it's easy to navigate and the students weren't overwhelmed when they saw that there were 120 pages they had to go through so this is about 25 questions I believe and it takes the students through a set of plans so this is called planet Mazda so any time I'm saying planet Mazda that's the name of the project so the first thing students need to do is find out where to expand abbreviations there are so many abbreviations and construction that there is no way that one person can know all of them they change with different companies they change with different sets of plans on different projects so understanding what the abbreviations mean is a really important part of being able to read drawings next construction drawings are filled with symbols so I took bits of different symbols and these are directly from the set of plans that we're gonna go through in a minute and students just have to tell me what they mean because if you don't know the difference between this and this or these two which are both ones but one is in a diamond and one is in a triangle it's gonna make it much harder to understand the drawings now we're gonna move down and we're looking at the different images so there are different symbols like these and then there are different shading and different material symbols so this right here the squigglies means something different than the hash marks right here which means something different than all of these dots right here so we're gonna get through that in a minute next is just basic questions so it's a little bit of a Where's Waldo but it helps you know okay which section do I need to go for this so the building envelope past code inspection by what percent are these drawings ste DD or CD and we'll get to that in a minute of what the three of those mean linear footage of four inch PVC domestic water line required what is the ordinance number for the city of Las Vegas fire hydrant requirements what is the total number of parking spaces between the existing car dealership the new car dealership and the Sales inventory parking so as I said this project is called planet Mazda Mazda meaning the car company Mazda the restrooms shown at grid lines II and five on page a 2.0 to have a detail called out where would you find the detail so this is also going to introduce students to being able to precisely locate a single thing on a drawing using the grid lines construction drawings obviously have a scale and the scale might vary by page or even on a certain page there might be a couple different scales so that's one of the most important things to look at especially in an estimating class so we're gonna look at the scales then the service bays how wide is each base or finding dimensions the total length of the north wall from oil storage to the end of the service bays so this is being able to pinpoint different areas and find dimensions the height of the building at the tallest that'll get us into elevations what is the FF II on which side of the building are the four primary signs so this is all to do with the elevations what material is the door to room 124 who man who is the manufacturer for the insulated service door notice insulated is underlined what is the frame required for window type D which window has a p8 finish so all of these are going to introduce the door and window schedule who is the structural engineer is going to tell us who to contact if you have a problem or a question live load requirement for the floor and stairs footings are designated based on the net allowable soil pressure of what PSF and for a typical column base what's the minimum concrete cover for structural steel below grade so all of these are going to get into the structural notes and the structural details also this one for join some slab on grade what's the maximum allowable time to pass between placing the concrete and cutting a contraction joint 12 areas on the foundation plan which indicate a thicker foundation requirement identify where they are located and why the thicker slab is acquired so identifying where it's located is easy the why it's important is kind of getting students to think about the project think about where those slabs are and why it might need to be thickened only in those specific areas then what is the reinforcement requirement for cf6 so students also need to know what CF is and then where to find the sixth one and then also define the reinforcement requirement different types of lines on a drawing will mean different things so this is also kind of going back up to the symbols and the different designations on the drawing so we're going to get through the different types of lines then we're going to actually do a take-off so this is intended for construction estimating class so we give this to the student at the very beginning of the semester really without the expectation that they know how to do it however we wanted to see kind of where the class is another thing that we ask students to do is to spend no more than one hour on this assignment so our class of about a hundred has a very wide variety of the amount of experience the different majors we have a few people that have only ever taken construction classes we have a few where this is their first construction class so this really just gives us a baseline of where they are in the class with reading drawings and being able to understand what they're looking at if we give them a set of plans so we tell them take one hour at the most to try and solve this and then see where you get we're now gonna move on to the plant so I'm gonna walk you through those real quick so these are the planet Mazda plants so this is a 14 page document as all and I'm just gonna flip through real quick so there's a rendering there's the different contacts then you've got your first page with all of your general notes and I'm just gonna scroll through so you can kind of see what we're looking at there's a cover sheet more notes site plan than floor plan elevations windows doors notes so I really just tried to take at least one or two pages from every section just so that students can understand better what they're looking at if they're given an entire section so in order to start with the basics I'm gonna go to a little PowerPoint we have that goes through just kind of what are construction drawings how is it broken down you know it's like a book kind of so basics of reading construction drawings so there are different sections within a set of documents so you have your civil architectural structural mechanical electrical and plumbing these are also going to vary by the drawings so pretty much every set of plans will have these which is why we included these these are the main six however it's also very common to have your fire protection to have your site work somewhere different to have your landscaping and there's a lot of different things that can go into it and we'll get into knowing what section you're in in just a second so we're first going to start with our site drawings so notice that it goes site drawings see so each page if I bring up the drawings again each page will have a little note in the bottom right G 1.01 that is your page number so G means general and 1.01 tells you the page so if I tell you to go to M 2.0 - that means mechanical 2.0 - so you can see they kind of go in ordered G 1.0 - and then here we have an entirely different one so this was done by a consultant so this is for the landscaping and we're gonna get into another one and see it says two of seven however since I snipped them all together we don't have most of these then we get into a 1.0 once these are your architectural here's more architectural see we jumped quite a bit then you've got more architectural architectural again and again and then we get into S which is structural so this is the structural 0.01 which usually indicates a cover page of some sort and then we have zero point one one and then two point O one so now we're getting into the real meat of it and then 5.01 and that's all I took from these drawings but that'll tell you what page you're on so it's really how the drawings are organized so we have the different sections so we're gonna look at what site drawings might look like so here's an example of a site plan so when looking at this page it's pretty hard to read but you can still see in general this is a very zoomed out site plan so this would be used if you need to know where to put a trailer or if you need to know where egress is or if you're trying to basically just do your site plan so this right here that is your building so just that little area is what you're going to be constructing likely this line and I apologize it's hard to read this line is going to be where you're allowed to be on site so that's going to be your fence basically and then all of this will be the surrounding area to let you know what's around it so it's great if you know okay I'm building this building right here if you don't realize there's an airport a mile away it's gonna be problematic if you don't know what is in your surroundings there's gonna be a lot of problems that are gonna arise later so the site plan tells you what is around my site that I need to worry about this next one is architectural so your floor plans elevations and sections so here's a floor plan so this is your building only so there's no site there's no anything except for the building and this will give you the majority of your dimensions as well as your room numbers your overall plan different materials that are going to be used and we'll get to that a little bit later but this is really going to be the bulk of where you spend your time in these drawings especially if you're an estimator because you would use something like this to know okay this is concrete right here that's concrete this is all masonry so I need to do a masonry takeoff for that this is how many doors I have this is how many windows I have this gives you the bulk of the information that you need in addition to the floor plan you have elevations so the elevation is basically standing on the street or standing and looking at the side of your building so this is the rear elevation which usually these will be north south east and west elevation just let you're never mixed up with how the building is set up but this one has it sectioned as the rear elevation the right side elevation and the left side elevation so we'll get more into the elevations when we get into the assignment however just know that an elevation means you're looking at the building as if you were standing next to it then you have your cross section so elevation views are only from the outside of the building your cross section views would be if you were to cut your building in half and be looking at it so this is looking from a certain point and we'll get into the different cross section designations in a little bit but a cross section is if you were to splice your building in half or maybe just take a certain room or something like that and it show you a very detailed breakdown of that room so you have your different cross sections then you have details so details are going to be in areas that need special attention so oftentimes something like an ad a rest room will have a specific detail to it because those dimensions have to be very precise anything which needs special attention will have a detail then you get into your schedules a lot of people confuses with a time schedule so this is not saying I need four months to build a project this is a table that outlines the pertinent information typically for finishes doors and windows those are the most common so it'll say something like office one room 101 then they'll say west wall paint east wall paint north wall glass something like that where it tells you the finishes for each room then you have your doors because there are numerous different kinds of doors they might have different finishes some might be metal while some are wood so it'll say room 101 office door wood or it'll say room whatever kitchen double swinging metal doors and so those are all the abbreviations also so you'll have to know how to get back to the abbreviation section and then I'll tell you the different kinds of windows that are in the project so this is a good example of different windows so it looks like there's only four types of windows that are there's another page which isn't included here and so if on the plans you see window type B you know it means this kind of window with these specifications after we get through the architectural we're gonna move on to structural so you have foundation framing details so you'll see there's a lot of different things that are similar so there's structural details or contextual details mechanical details and there's going to be a lot of different repetitive things so once you know the difference between a detail a section and elevation a floor plan your gridlines verse dimension lines it's going to make it much easier to navigate the drawings so this is the foundation plan so you can tell it looks very similar to this floorplan up here so there's the floor plan and there's the foundation plan so it's the same building except this one instead of showing you what it looks like above ground shows you what it looks like under ground so this is your structural foundation and we'll get into a little bit later reading this and what the different kind of lines mean but just know that there are different areas you might find your dimensions so this one has these dimensions here as well as here so there's multiple areas to find information you might be looking for however there's going to be a central area to find it in addition to the foundation plan there's also going to be a structural plan so this is structural framing so this looks exceptionally confusing with the sheer number of lines on here the roof framing plan which this is as you can tell right here is typically one of the hardest to interpret because there are just a bunch of the lines going everywhere so these are section lines these are dimension lines it doesn't look like there's any grid lines but there might be going through here then you have the different ones that actually indicate the metal framing you have the ones that show you where the rooms are so understanding the different lines is equally as important as being able to read what it says now we're gonna get into mechanical and so in our estimating class we don't have the students worry about mechanical or electrical or plumbing because there are separate classes which focus on those so I'm gonna go through these real quick just so you know how to read them but we're not going to focus on them at all so here's an example of a mechanical plan so again this is your building so these are your notes up here and we'll get into notes in a little while of how to know what it corresponds to but you can see this is all of your ductwork so going all along here and here all of this is ductwork so this takes that floorplan and basically overlays all of your HVAC system which is heating ventilation and air conditioning HVAC or HVAC as it's also called then you have details over here of how it needs to be set up and then you have details over here about how everything should be set up and should go together and a plumbing plan looks very similar so again that's your building right there you can tell it's always about the same shape so you start to kind of understand it and then it shows all of your plumbing lines and this is a good example of what a plumbing riser diagram looks like so it basically puts all of your plumbing into a 3d view of the building so how it goes down here this is actually think of like a 3d cube you might draw this is actually going down so this is going to be on grade and then that is going below grade so that needs to go into your foundation then we're gonna get into electrical real quick so here's your building you can see the same shape again then this one see it has this little extra area this is gonna be a porch or something that needs to have lights it might be an entryway or a backyard or something like that not actually sure what kind of building this is but it's going to show you all of the different connections that are needed so each one of these rectangles is a light and we'll get into this a little bit also on the planet Mazda ones but these are all the lights and then the lines between them show the connections so all of these different ones that the light a light a light a light these are all lights and if you look closely I don't know how good the resolution is it has an X through it which indicates a light if you're looking at a reflected ceiling plan you might see a CT squares your acoustical ceiling tiles and they'll look just like this except they won't have an X so that X means it's a light so then keep going and you'll see these are also lights so that's a different kind and it looks like there's a schedule here and here they're just very hard to read because it's very poor quality but these will tell you all right this rectangle means it's this kind of light this circle means it's this kind of light this square is this kind so it really breaks it down so you know all right if I have 18 of these rectangles it means I have 18 of this light fixture and then we'll keep going and so we're going to get into this the alphabet of lines these are the three you really care about so an object line is completely solid a dashed line is a hidden line and a center line or column line and typically grid lines will be a long dash then a short dash then a long dash and it will repeat so a good example is this one so it's kind of hard to see actually I don't like this one as much but the center line which is also indicative of a grid line is a long - a small - a long - a small - so dye is a grid line it's giving you a reference point the hidden line here sorry is pointing to this dotted line so this dotted line means that something is there but you can't see it for some reason so a good example of this is if we're looking at an architectural plan right now your floor plan you cannot see the foundation that's underground the foundation is still there you just can't see it so that's what this is right here so a foundation or footing so that's a continuous footing going all the way around will be hidden unless you're looking at the structural plans and then this dark line means it's an object it's something you can actually see so right here it kind of looks like it's pointing at the - one but the object line is actually this solid one that goes all the way around so here's another hidden line so it means that there are going to be columns right here so that's what this is right there there's a hidden column footing so that's pretty much what you need to know about the lines so that's the end of the PowerPoint so now we're gonna move in to the actual assignment so when going through this I'm going to bring up the actual answer key instead of the student version so here's our answer key so what I'm gonna do is read the question and then we're going to go to the drawings and I'll show you where I found the answer so a lot of these will actually have the answer right there but it will tell you where you want to be looking for it so we're gonna start with question 1 expand the following abbreviations so looking at this your abbreviations will be found pretty much on the first page so I'm in the general section here and this is where all this writing is so it's pretty easy to read through it real quick general notes not what I want project directory tells you who's in there not what I want though symbol legend since we looked ahead on this assignment we know we're gonna need that in a second so kind of tuck that in the back your mind that that's where the symbols are and then we're gonna go back because that wasn't what we wanted so we've got sheet index so this is a really important part actually of the drawings is knowing what sheets should be included so clearly you don't have all of them because you only have 14 pages in this version but this is telling you what sheets should be in there if you have a full set one of the most important parts of being an estimator it's checking to see if you have all the sheets because if you're missing one of these it could mess up your estimate by a lot so before you sign off saying yes I have received the drawings just flip through real quick and go alright do I have a 401 a 411 a 412 a 501 a 502 and just flip through to make sure you actually have everything also keep in mind how these are organized so this is a really good way to see it so here's your architectural switch all start with a width in architectural you have subsections so a DA is the Americans with Disabilities Act so that is all of your accessible bathrooms all of your wheelchair ramps your signage things such as that so you have a DA one two and three so those you eighty-eight details a 0.01 is existing and then a one point something shows your site plans a two point something which you can see there's a lot of them it's going to show what your actual building looks like then you get into a three which is your ceiling so reflected ceiling plan and ceiling details a four point something is all of your roof a 5 point something is exterior six is your building sections a seven all the way through is all your wall sections eight is your doors or sorry eight is your doors and windows then nine finished material room finished schedule then you've got all your interior so nine is really all of your finishes and interiors and then eleven is just anything miscellaneous so it's broken down pretty straightforward but keep in mind this will change for all of the different jobs you're on so if you're looking at three different drawings they're all going to be somewhat similar with what goes into architectural and what goes into structural but they're gonna be numbered differently depending on the company and the architect so going back we're still looking for those abbreviations so we're gonna go through here it's not down there that's all blank this is your vicinity map so it actually shows you all right here's your project location very small here's everything within a blank mile radius so you know okay there's an access road over here there's an airport over here so it'll really tell you what's around you then up here your code analysis so this is to see if your building is actually up to code then you've got a plumbing analysis and and the maximum quantities of hazardous materials that will be stored and/or used in the building so whether or not so depending on what you're building you might have hazardous materials this is a car dealership so it's probably not going to be much but if you're doing something like a research lab or a hospital there could be hazardous materials that you need to be aware of then we're going to move down so here's the building envelope calculations so this you also know you're gonna need a little bit later because we've read through our questions ahead of time that's also a really good with estimating sometimes it works best to work backwards so instead of going through this one by one read through all of these and think Oh down here I know they asked for the building envelope calculation so I know I need to remember where that is so that's also a good idea if you're gonna use RS amines or some other pricing tool like that look at the unit and then do the takeoff so I get into that in some of my other videos but keep that in mind so we're gonna keep going and we finally get to our abbreviations so this is what we need to answer the first question so it's pretty straightforward you've got first symbols then A's B's C's it's just alphabetical so the ones I specifically asked for are a FF which in this case means above finished floor and that's one that I chose and most of these I chose because they're some of the most common so a FF is used in probably every drawing you will ever see so it means above finished floor so a good example would mean that this building is 122 AFF which means it is 122 feet above finished floor which basically tells you the height of the building which we'll get into a little later the next one I asked for was BM which can mean a couple things so it can either mean benchmark or beam so I didn't specify which it was so either one is okay to answer C J is the next one which is control joint so that will be something used with your structural notes typically architectural will reference it so that you know how to build around it if it needs to be incorporated into the building but where it really matters is your structural notes so we're going to get into CMU which is right here concrete masonry unit so that's if you're using concrete blocks to build your building then F o C is the next one so we're going to go up here to F and F OC means face of concrete next one I asked for it was our D as your roof drain and then GSN is the last one I asked for and that was a bit tricky because it's not on here so that is something that is a very very common abbreviation used in construction but it's not really written anywhere but GSN means general structural notes so on different pages there's gonna be different notes so if I go down here to my architectural I've got general notes and key notes so there are notes all throughout these drawings and your gSN's are your general structural notes in this case it was structural general notes but it means that basically the cover page before you get into the actual floor plans and the drawings and whatnot will just have a ton of notes and these notes have a ton of information that you need to know so it's going to have different requirements for something like reinforcing steel for your foundation specialty items your general notes so this tells you all right you know your building is concrete but now I need to know what am i reinforcement requirements how long do I need to wait before saw cutting different things like that what are my ASTM requirements so your gSN's have a lot of information so I wasn't necessarily trying to trick the students but it's something that they need to know is if a note says refer to GSN it means refer to your general structural notes all right so we got through the first one so now we're gonna move on to here so your different symbols so I mentioned that we passed those and those were taken from right here so I'm gonna split the screen real quick so that you can actually see which ones I'm asking for and which ones we're looking at so the first one right here matches that which means it's a section number so that is a section indicator we're gonna get into that in a little while but when you see that on a plan it's this little section right here it's gonna be much longer so it's going to essentially splice a building so going through the PowerPoint I mentioned the different sections and that's how you know if something is a section number this top number will tell you what section it is and the bottom number will tell you what page to find that cross-section on so it's almost identical to a detail except a detail doesn't have that arrow so the detail was the next one and it's right here so then we're gonna keep going and instead of going through these I'm just going to go through all of these so you have your elevation looks very similar to a section but this is telling you instead of cutting the building in half with this line I'm just looking at this whole building so this is going to show you basically all of it then you have a door number so a circle with a number in it will mean a door number if we skip ahead a little bit a hexagon with a letter is a window type so knowing the different kinds of shapes will really help this is a handicapped sign sorry we went a little bit further this is your elevation line so you need to know what elevation your building is going to be at and different parts of the different parts of the building might have different elevations so that will tell you what is your elevation these are your construction notes so this is one of the most common symbols so I'm actually gonna jump ahead and show you what that might be so it's a diamond with a number so if I jump ahead to your actual plans so this is a great example so all of these are all notes so every one has a different number and it points to a different thing and if you scroll over they all correspond to these key notes so again it kind of shows you up here the little diamond so if I go right here to this one number five all right I don't know what number five is I don't know anything about this right now so you scroll over to number five and it tells you it's a metal panel mp3 typical so typ means typical so then you know R anywhere that there's the letter five it's a metal panel 13 we don't know where that is it's a little tiny thing sticking up right there and you know it's signage so you're looking at the side of a sign so it looks completely flat but if you go over here to the other sides so we're on our elevations right now you'll see there's the signage again and there's the actual sign itself so you're looking at this drive center sign right there from the side so if you zoom in there you'll see that 13 again so that's what a keynote is and those are imperative when reading drawings so we're gonna go back up and go through the rest of these symbols all right so the next one is an interior elevation symbol so it's a little bit different than this one which is an exterior elevation these aren't as common typically it'll just be section numbers instead of interior elevations but it's good to know if you do come across one then you have existing structural so it's a hexagon with a number so keep in mind this is a hexagon with a letter for a window type a hexagon with a number it's existing structural then you've got new structural a circle with a number so instead of existing this is new and this is very similar to your doors however if you look at the number all of your doors will be in the hundreds or will be three digits so very similar designations very different meanings it's also good to just use a little bit of common sense when looking at the drawings you know there's gonna be a lot of different door numbers they're probably not all structural call outs so if you have numerous numerous of these and they all seem to be in doorways they're probably not structural those would be an equipment note a revision note so this is a good thing to know because if you get different versions of a set of plans it's gonna change different areas of a building and it might change them enough that it's a drastic difference so let's say they take a bathroom that wasn't a DEA compliant and they make it a DEA that is going to be a very big revision and it's usually also going to have a cloud around that area unfortunately I don't have an example of that in these drawings that I'm aware of we might come across one but it will look like a cloud and it will have a revision note saying change bathroom to be a TA compliant see detail whatever so it'll tell you hey this changed make sure you notice this the next one is to just tell you what a room name and a room number are so you have an OpenOffice 100 a good thing to note is that your door number and your room number will typically correspond so if you have office 100 it's usually going to be door 100 if let's say it's a conference room so you have conference room 208 so this will say calm for room 208 and a conference room might have two doors so the door will be 208 a and 208 B or 2o a point 1 208 point to something like that usually the door numbers and room numbers will correspond alright keep going we get concrete tilt panel elevation so if this is a tilt jaw which I assume it is since this is in the symbols it's gonna tell you the different panels and where to find the elevation which means looking from the side of that panel I cut all of those out of this in my little 14 page version so we're not going to worry about this and then you have G FRC profile and a G FRC profile I'll tell you even I had to Google this there are so many different abbreviations for different plans and different everything is glass fiber reinforced concrete so this is going to be a concrete structure which we'll get into later looking at the different shading of the drawings but if it has a circle and a letter it's the G FRC profile all right so now we're gonna get back into this so I went through this top row on this bottom one but I never saw these ones so we just went through all of the different bowls but never saw these but as I told you I took all these straight from the drawings so something to note those were architectural symbols now we're gonna move down and we're gonna get to the structural ones so each different section will have a cover page with new abbreviations and new symbols so it's a really good thing to keep in mind that if you're missing some sort of abbreviation it might be in the structural is instead so a lot of these are gonna be similar like CMU concrete masonry unit that was in the architectural as well but a lot of these won't be so keep that in mind and we're gonna go over to these symbols and now we can find these ones so this is a change in elevation so this will be used most commonly on something like a curb in your parking lot to show you how tall the curb needs to be or maybe on a staircase but that's less common elevation indicator is very similar to what was shown in the architectural ones just to show you there's a couple different ways it can be drawn and then an arrow which most people don't realize is a slope so the most common slopes are gonna be on your roof or in a parking lot where you need to slope it towards a drain this is a car dealership so I'll tell you there are gonna be floor drains in various places in case oil spills or in case they need to wash something something like that and it's gonna show sloping it will also be in every bathroom because there's always a floor drain in the bathroom if there's a shower or if you're doing a research lab that has one of those emergency showers you're gonna have to slope it so just keep that in mind that different symbols even though that you might just think oh it's an arrow pointing towards something that might not be the case and it probably isn't the case actually so real quick we're gonna go through these again so this is a ramp so if it has this dot at the end that's specifically showing a ramp such as a DA or maybe it's a loading dock or something so this is going to be a very gradual slope if it's this one just enough so that water goes but not enough say a person walking on I would really be able to tell this is gonna show you a span so I'll get into that that'll be done in primarily your roof framing plan to show you all right this whole span is going to need this kind of joist or something along those lines we've got steel elevations miscellaneous elevations floor or steel elevations so anything that looks kind of with the feet and the inches probably an elevation or a dimension then require a number of headed shear studs rigid connection camber up elevation indicator and went through that one step and continuous footing indicator so this would be something a continuous footing we're gonna get to but it basically is that dotted line I showed you in the PowerPoint so it's all underground it's a footing and it just means instead of being an isolated footing where it's alright this is two feet by two feet to support this one specific thing it's a footing that goes around the entire perimeter of your building essentially anywhere there is going to be a building on top of it then we get a little bit more into symbols and abbreviations specifically for concrete and then up here we have a list of our drawings so that's everything for these symbols so now we're gonna go back in here and see what's next alright so just cruising right along we're now on number three which has these different but not so much as symbols so much as shading or coloring or I mean I guess you can call them symbols but it basically is the different way materials are indicated on drawings so these are gonna be the same throughout all of your drawings so it doesn't matter what your company is doesn't matter what the project is there might be very slight variations however for the most part these are gonna stay the same so I'll tell you that the squigglies right here are gonna indicate insulation masonry walls let's see how this quality is is going to be this dashed line this 45 - going all the way down is masonry so right here where you have that 45 - that's masonry then this one right here with those darker lines see how it's only around that one room if you actually look really close it has the masonry lines under that so this dark - right here indicates fireproofing of some sort so the different level of fire rating is gonna depend on the room and that'll depend on the drawing but this is an electrical room which means it's more prone to fires so it needs to have a higher fire rating than the rooms around it so that's what those dashes mean and then if we look up here oops if we look up here this is concrete so when it's got those speckles that'll be concrete so you can tell this by looking at the drawings so so pretty good way to tell is if you go to the details so that's actually where I got these from so this is that exact detail I didn't tell the students that all of these snippets came in exactly from these drawings so they can just search for that exactly and this eight down here is pointing towards the concrete so it's kind of speckled with little triangles so we don't know what that is but we know that's a key note so we're gonna go over here to our notes and look at eight and it says concrete floor so anywhere you have the speckled especially if there's a little triangles is a concrete floor I challenge students to see if they could figure out what the rest of this is so just kind of looking at this you now know it's a threshold detail but this is flat and then it gets kind of raised and this is floating so if you think about this for a second of what could this be where it goes from flat to raised with something floating so this is a door so this is a doorway so you can tell that by looking all right so number nine and number 11 and number ten so what are those go here nine is VCT as scheduled which is vinyl composite tile so it's pretty typical especially in like apartments or new office buildings it's that fake wood looking stuff but it's actually more of a tile than it is wood so it's basically fake wood then floor transition strip as scheduled so that was where this tent is right here so see how it's just raised very slightly so that's gonna be a little bit it's often called a Schluter strip because that's the most common brand so it's it's a little tiny metal strip and you probably never noticed them but if you start looking for them they're everywhere and it's just to create a smooth transition from the tile to 11 which is carpet so this goes from the VCT to a little strip to carpet which means that this one right here is probably a door which it is so keynote 1 means a door and so a good way to also tell this is your door schedule so if we knew what room this is we could actually tell you what that door was made of and everything so like I was showing you this room number corresponds to the door number typically serve room 101 room 101 room 101 room 101 101 a 101 be 101 C 101 D so they almost always correspond so keep that in mind but not always so don't assume just flip to that page and check real quick but we're gonna keep going now with the different kinds of materials so the next one let's move over to this insulation one so let's see if I can find this real quick I don't remember off the top of my head the detail but it doesn't matter because if you can see this is everywhere so the squigglies will always mean the same thing so this squiggly is either 5 or 6 so we don't know they both look like they're pointing there so let's go over here to 5 & 6 and see what they say so 5 metal studs as scheduled 6 insulation where occurs so the 5 there was pointing to a metal stud and the 6 was pointing to insulation and if you're not sure you can just keep going until you find one that's isolated so we're gonna keep going and to see what else we can find so here's some hash marks so this is there so the four doesn't look like it's there but it's gonna be 17 or 18 so let's go over here and we're gonna look at 17 and 18 wall furring and rigid insulation so wall furring is when you have a structural wall that really isn't pretty or you want something on top of it so it looks uniform so you build a bit of a half wall in front of it so it's very common let's say you have a masonry building so you have those blocks everywhere but you want it to be an office with drywall in order to do that you will do a one-sided wall which has no structural value and is only there because it looks good it doesn't actually create a room it's not a real wall so that's called fir ink it's also used you can have column furring so if you have a big concrete column in the middle of your building and it's not pretty and the architect wants to do like metal cladding around it or something like that that can be a type of furring so there's a lot of different ways but it basically means putting something on there so it looks different then you've got your rigid insulation which is actually what this one was so rigid insulation is gonna be those marks then 16q tell what that is 45 degree marks so we're gonna go over here we're gonna check and 16 is concrete masonry so that's 45 degree marks that always means masonry so then we're gonna keep going around here this is another threshold detail that's actually almost identical to the other one except this is different so if you look at these we knew that ten was the transition strip 11 is our carpet we don't know what 23 is so see it all looks almost the same so here if I pull this one up on this one that looks almost the exact same but it's a little bit different so one is always a door 10 is always your strip 11th always your carpet 8 as always your concrete let's see what 23 is so I'm gonna go over 23 tile as scheduled so instead of right here we have the VCT you have just normal tile so that will depend on where you are in the building as to whether or not there's going to be tile or VCT or something along that so we'll keep going and a lot of these are going to be metal components but look that's one so that's a door so this is going to be above a door so this is gonna be a door jamb detail here's those 45 degree lines so that's your masonry this is a weird looking thing so this is planet Mazda so it's a car dealership so if you look at this what does this look like and keep in mind this is a head detail which means this is the top of something so I'll tell you this is a wall that comes down and then stops and this is all open this is a garage door so this is gonna cycle and pull up the door so this is the actual motor and everything where the garage door needs to be mounted see this box right here that's gonna be a garage door mount so 21 and 22 let's see if I'm right so 21 oiling door 22 barrel shroud so coiling door is in other ways say a garage door it can also be called a folding door or sometimes retractable door but a retractable door typically means it goes into a wall not that it folds up so a coiling doors the same as a garage door and then a barrel shroud it looks like exactly what it sounds like so it's going to be something to hide the barrel of the coiling door if that makes sense basically it's a box that you put your garage door in to keep going this is insulation as we know so we're gonna keep going you start to realize get a little bit repetitive so one is your door so you know this is a head detail so this is above your door insulation we don't know what seven is yet so let's check out seven and seven is boxed stud header stud size and gage per wall type so that's going to be Wal header and a header is basically just something above a doorway so that will have your doorway components and so it's gonna depend on the wall type I'm gonna keep going down that's a frame you can tell it's just gonna be metal most likely because it's just a solid line that usually just means it's the metal component here's your different door types so these are door type elevations so we had our door scheduled up here then we have some remarks and then we have our door types so these are your folding doors coiling doors garage doors whatever you want to call him so they're gonna coil up there and they pull up and you have just two normal ones so this is one that is probably into an office or something maybe a conference room and it's gonna be wood here and then this is glass in the middle tempered glass over here this might be into a workspace it looks like it's ventilated so metal louver so that's a ventilated door and then you've got a pretty typical door where this part is glass but the rest of it is wood and then one other one so these look the same except this is a solid wood core and this is a hollow metal core so it's a different door material even though the door might look pretty similar especially when you're not looking at the door itself it's the exact same dimensions same pretty much everything except for what it's made of we're gonna keep going kind of skipped a little bit but it does get to be repetitive again this is CMU this is gonna be a jamb guide detail so you can go through and look at these if you want to pretty much just look at something if you don't know what it is look at the notes and read it and you'll start to realize the more you just think oh what is that and look the more you're going to retain some stead of saying that oh yeah there's some masonry and some stuff under it go look at the rest of it and see what it is so we'll keep going insulation all metal this is all framing so these are framing studs and then we've got a lot of different details here there's a door with some windows these are all gonna be windows I presume yep so here's window type ends so see at hexagon with an N we know that that means a window type so a hexagon with a letter is a window type so this is telling you if i zoom out here these are all window types so there are a lot of different types on this job so we're getting into W the u T s I don't know how many there are there's a lot and they might start to double so you might have window type a a or it could be a 1 or something along those lines but these are all the different ones so anything you need to know about a window type you'd come to this page and under it it tells you what it is so it actually gives you specifics and it gives you dimensions and these are all as we know details so this is saying to see this right here in better detail so likely it's going to turn it for you so instead of looking straight on you'll be looking from the side so you can see the connections go to detail number 7 on page a 8.1 - so I don't have that page in my little 14 page one but it looks like a lot of these are on here so this is eight eight eight seven seven so they seem to be a little bit repetitive and you'll start to see that but it looks like a 8.1 - is where most of the window details are going to be so then to keep going and again there's a lot of apes there's a lot of eight here's a bunch of threes so you'll start to understand kind of what it is so we're gonna keep going down and it's about it for the different material types at the moment so I'm gonna move on to the next question the building envelope passed the code inspection by what percent so when I was reading through this we kind of made a note oh there's the building envelope section and that was at the beginning so if you weren't really sure think alright where would that be so that would be something that needs to be written and that's more of a note than something that actually goes into the drawings so go up to your notes and right here there's a whole section for it so building envelope calculations and I tried to make it obvious it's this green here does 9:18 percent better than code so it passes by 18 percent the next one are these drawings s D D D or C D so first we need to look at what do s D D D and C D mean this is technically written on these drawings however it's not gonna be found in any notes or anything so s d means schematic design D D is design development and C D means construction documents or contract documents technically both are used but in this case we're going to have it CDs so s D design so your schematic design drawings are typically about 0 to 30 percent complete so this tells you how complete are my drawings is this a rough sketch on a napkin somewhere technically that's an SD or is a completely ready for construction in which case it's a CD so dd is design development so this is typically 0 to 30 30 to 60 and then 60 to 100 so one way to tell you can kind of look at this and know that it's pretty developed but if you're not as familiar another good way to tell is to just go to the front page and you'll see a hundred percent construction document sets so you know it's C D this will often say it also may be in the bottom right corner so something I actually forgot to go through earlier is this right-hand border so this border is always there but it changes with what the information is so it'll have the page number here which I talked about and if you zoom in it'll give you project information who drew this one drawing the date the scale any notes here so let's say this is version 3 of construction documents or something along those lines it'll say revision 3 then it might say a page number that changed or it might say in general what change and then it'll give you a date so that's very important because if you're working off of outdated drawings things aren't going to go well then it tells you you what it's actually called planet mazda it'll tell you where it is and then I'll tell you what this is so this is the overall site plan so if we zoom out and wait for it to load this is the overall site plan so it tells you all right what am I looking at I have no idea but I can zoom in oh this is the dimensioned floorplan so it'll tell you what everything is on here that you're actually looking at so these are your exterior elevations and sometimes this will be down here so it'll go a 2.02 dimension floor plan it depends on the drawings but that information will be somewhere on the right usually it's a disclaimer or a note or something and then a logo will go in the top so this might vary a little bit but if you need to know something along those lines that's what this is it makes it very easy when you're flipping through pages to find the one you want which is nice because you know it's always going to be on the right side so we're gonna keep going so we now know that these are seedy and we know schematic design design development construction document so now we're gonna move on what is the linear footage of four inch PVC domestic water line required so one thing to keep in mind by this point we don't expect students to know how to do a take-off so a take-off is when you take the drawings and you quantify it into basically line items so you might say all right there are 82 doors that are hollow metal there are 28 wood doors so it's quantifying it there are eight hundred and ninety four linear feet of baseboards or something like that it's where you take the drawings and actually quantify what's that we don't expect them to do that yet and we also told them not to spend too much time on this so this probably isn't something that we're having them calculate so what you want to do is think all right linear footage of four inch PVC domestic water line so a domestic water line is going to be in some sort of plan that needs your water so it might be plumbing but in this case I didn't give any plumbing so the next most likely is in your landscape so landscape drawings which are here is going to tell you all of your information for some water lines so this might be for a sprinkler or something like that and I'll tell you where it is it's over here so private water so public water private water private sewer so this is four-inch PVC domestic water line 568 linear feet so we're never trying to trick students but we try to make them think a little bit outside the box where we didn't even give the plans I don't think that'd show that water line yeah so there's no way they could have done that takeoff but they know it's in there somewhere so it's a little bit of critical thinking all right where would that water line be and where would I find that information so then we're gonna go into ordinance number four the city of Las Vegas fire hydrant requirements so this is also something that's going to be on your site so this might be in the architectural notes or it might be on your landscape notes so since we're already on this page we're gonna look here and I'll tell you it's also on this page so these are your general notes oops city of Las Vegas grading notes Las Vegas Fire and Rescue general notes that sounds about right since it's their fire hydrant so we're gonna go through this and tried to make it somewhat easy and it's just the first one all work shall be done in strict accordance with the city of Las Vegas Fire Department ordinance number five six six seven I also try to take things word-for-word just so there's no ambiguity and the answers so try to take that word-for-word and we're gonna move on now where'd you find the total number of parking spaces so between the different ones so if you're looking for parking spaces what would you be looking at you know are you looking at your landscaping are you looking at structural are you looking at architectural in this case it would be something that's architectural and it's gonna be the entire site because it's not actually a building but it's on your site so we're gonna go now down to our architectural and right here you can see all right this shows us all the parking spaces so we're gonna go down and what you could do is count them but keep in mind we only gave students an hour to do this whole thing so we're probably not gonna make you count it because that is tedious and frankly a waste of time so you could count it or go right here to the site data section and it tells you right here parking provided existing new car additional and then all they had to do was add up those three so existing new and additional inventory for a total of 568 so just saved you about ten minutes of counting spots and a lot of frustration so one thing to note also though if we go back to this site data to kind of just go through it this is a lot of good information so this is your zoning requirements which tells you how the plot of land has been zoned parcel area so that's how many acres gross building area so the footprint of the car dealership that's existing is 46,000 square feet the new car dealership is 19,000 to your total parking required so this is parking provided this is parking required so this is saying for every 500 square feet you have to have at least one parking space so you can't have this brand new building and not provide parking for it so this tells you what does the city tell me I have to have so 443 thousand square feet at one space for every 500 you need 88 spaces think for a second what is this for HC so this is for handicap so of your 88 you need for handicap spaces at a minimum new car dealership still need one every 500 square feet so you have 20,000 so you need 39 with two handicaps so they went bare minimum and then additional sales in inventory so you can't really park there so this is good to know for constructing it but that is not hey welcome to our dealership park and come in this is these are taken by inventory vehicles so there's 441 inventory spaces then you can keep going to your general notes so there's always gonna be general notes and I don't know if there's key notes yep there's the key notes so this is a very specific as we've talked about this is a diamond this is what the diamond means and then this is gonna tell you in general contractor needs to verify see civil drawings blah blah blah so this is kind of your cya notes which is another abbreviation you can look up if you want to but that's what this is it's basically a disclaimer so we're gonna go back through and keep going on this right here so the restrooms shown at gridlines II and 5 on page a 2.0 to have a detail called out where would you find that detail so this is whether or not you can read what this detail means right here so I already gave you all the information so a 2.0 - so a 2.0 - grid line a and 5 so around here these are your grid lines so starts at a B C D D point 9 and you might have very specific ones if there are very specific requirements EFG H J keep in mind there is no I and that is very common especially in construction because it is often mistaken as a one so I is frequently skipped so we're looking at E and five it goes letters down here and then you've got numbers over here so we want II and five so we're gonna go down to five which is right here zoom out a bit so you got five and go over and kind of keep in mind where it is and E so right there and then see that point is exactly there but a restroom is not a single point you know it's a room 'if I've and here's the restroom so this dashed line thick dashed line around the entire room indicates a detail so the detail is right here and it's pointing to this line so again if you look at how it's designated it has a line so a detail this line will then make a box typically around whatever the detail is so this is telling you that on page a two point one one detail two will show this restroom so this restroom does not have any dimensions and it doesn't have any information in it really if you look at it so in order to find the actual dimensions needed to build that restroom you have to go to a two point one one this X right here you'll see later on also this indicates a slope so a slope could be indicated by these arrows that we showed you on the structural but an architectural a slope is often shown with a big dotted X and that circle in the middle is your floor drain so that's the location of your floor drain and how the floor slope to get there so we're gonna keep going now we've got through all of these and we're now on ten what is the scale on the dimensions floor plan so the first thing you want to do is go to the floor plan so told you you can read them over here so dimension floor plan that's already where we are and I kind of tried to put these questions in order so keep that in mind also that they might not be this nice in real life but I tried to go in order so dimension floor plan and it will also say not only here this is what the page is but if you look over here this tells you what you're looking at in that snippet so if we go down a bit this tells you these are all of your exterior elevations but this is your exterior west exterior north exterior East so if there's more than one thing on a page there'll be something around here that tells you what it is so especially on the details you have detail detail detail detail so look for that so we want our dimension floorplan and our scale will always be directly under this so dimension floorplan zoom in and you find the scale so we'll keep going and I'll show you another example of that here's your exterior elevation West zoom in and you find your scale so it's always under where that writing is a good thing to keep in mind is that there might be an instance where a page has a scale but there also might be an instance where a detail has a scale so let's see if there's an example of this I'm actually not sure if there is but for example I told you that a two point one one has the detail for the restroom it's pretty common that a restroom detail will take up about a quarter of a page so you might have a restroom detail in this section and then smaller details around it in that case the restroom detail will have a different scale than all the other details around it so you have to set your scale per what you're looking at so if you're doing takeoffs on a page and you set the scale for the whole page but different details have different scales you're going to be very far off so always check and always verify because you never know if things have just been changed slightly maybe when you are uploading them to a take-off software maybe when you converted them something like that always just check your scale it only takes a second and it can change your numbers dramatically so we're gonna keep going there are six service bays at the North End of the building how wide is each Bay so what we're looking for is a dimension we know that this is going to be an architectural because it's not a structural question usually dimensions will be in your architectural so North End of the building we have our compass down here so we know north is going to be up and so we're going to look so the north end of the building these are the service bays so if we look we have six of them so one two three four five six how wide is each one and it's 14 14 14 14 14 14 so they're all 14 feet what is the total length of the north wall so that's going to be exactly where we already are we need length which is a dimension which usually means architectural and we want the north wall which is exactly where we are so we want from oil storage to the end of the service base so this is where students often get tripped up here is oil storage again there's that X you can tell that that's something that's going to need a floor drain so there's the oil storage I'm talking about and then all the way to the end of the service base so the service base go here so I'm looking for the dimension from here to here what students will often do is go up here and say all right that is 165 feet that was easy however look it's not 165 feet because you need to look at what those lines are actually showing you so this is that 165 and it's going from one side way to the other so this is going this is the pickup area for your car or where you drop it off so this is kind of like a little drive-through area that 166 is going all the way to the end but I asked for oil storage to service base so it goes from right here over which means you need to calculate it yourself so that means see right here takes out that little drive-through area so you go from here over and you just need to add up that one that one and that one or you can take this one 66 minus that one and you'll get 145 feet so now we're gonna keep going height of the building so something like a height you're gonna need to see it from a side view so to see it from a side view you will need either a cross section or an elevation cross section show you interiors of the building elevations show you exteriors we want the height of the building at the tallest part which is going to me an exterior elevation so we need to find our exterior elevations which happened to be the next page and we're gonna go to these lines over here so top of tío top of parapets parapet wall is if you've ever been on a roof it's basically a little tiny short wall that's used as a safety measure so that's what a parapet wall is they're usually pretty short you can either be used as a safety thing so if there's a crew working up there they don't need fall protection or it can just be used as a little border because typically you'll have like HVAC equipment and you'll have gravel and a walkway and different stuff on a roof so it could be anywhere from two feet to actually you could have a very high parapet if you wanted to it's kind of depend on the building but basically a parapet wall is a half wall that borders the roof so top a parapet and then it shows you the elevation so we want the building at the tallest part so we're at 122 right now so what is the tallest part so just looking at this page it looks like it's gonna be this area here which is the same as this area here because keep in mind you're looking at it from all the directions so let's just go to this one on the top because it's the most clean and it tells us 128 however that is not the height that is the elevation and we want the height of the building so the elevation is 128 feet our finished floor elevation so the elevation of the ground basically of our building is exactly 100 which means that our building is 28 feet also just think of it kind of a little bit of a common sense thing in general your standard buildings will have 10 foot floors that's a really good just rough number to use so a building that is 128 feet tall would be probably about teen stories and if you look at this this is not 13 stories so just think about it my building is not going to be 128 feet so your building is 28 so that also answers the next one what is the SS e so FF e means finish floor elevation what a lot of people mixed up is FF and E so they thought okay that's an abbreviation I need to go to the abbreviations however this one is actually so common it's often not included so if we go here we'll see FF and E furnishings fixtures and equipment that is not what we're talking about here because it also what is the furnishings fixtures and equipment isn't really a sentence that you would have you know you can't list all furnishings all fixtures and all equipment so FF e is probably one of the most common similar to GSN which is finished floor elevation so that's not only used for your exterior elevation it might say door at 8 foot FF II so it's going to be used many places and it's a really good thing to know so the next one on which side of the building are the four primary signs mazda drive center planet and service so looking at this which side of the building are the main sides that's going to mean you need the exterior and then kind of cheating I already have it up but you're gonna need the exterior sides of your buildings so in order to find that you go to your elevations which is where we already are and all you do is look for the signs so we found that key note 13 earlier that was right here showing a sign there are no signs shown here so this is the back of the building that's at 13 against that's the side and then here's the sign so Mazda DRI center planet service monster drive center planet service and that is elevation self so we put Southside next one what material is the door to room 124 so now we're not worried about our elevations and we're looking for a very specific thing about the doors and doors will typically have door schedules which happened to be pretty much right where we are because again I tried to go in order so a door schedule will be set up like this door number room number size width height trip so this is telling you I have a four foot wide seven foot tall door with one and three-quarter inch trim door type is a so you can tell when we go down here the different door types so that's gonna be door type a material aluminum finish piece 16 that will likely be a paint then size the actual size of the frame so these are all the door this is the frame and this is the detail so you've got your frame size your frame type frame material frame finish then details for your head and your jams then the threshold fire rating door hardware and remarks so we are gonna go through and I was looking for what is the material of the door to room 124 so room 124 right here and I'm gonna go over to material and it's aluminum so I put aluminum then we're looking for the manufacturer for the insulated service door so that's going to be something very similar where we're looking for door information keep in mind I put insulated so here's remarks so service door manufacturer is marathon however we have an insulated service door so this is more making sure that students are reading and really looking at the details so the insulated service door manufacturer is the Cookson company I'm gonna keep going what is the frame required for window type D so again that's going to be where I showed you all the different window types so this page is all window type so window types and details we want window type D so something that's a little bit weird is it won't really seem to go in order it'll go kind of in a reverse order so we're gonna start with a in the bottom right then move left and up so it's almost exactly inverted but we want window type D so we go a b c d and we want the frame so it's two and a half inch by seven and a half inch aluminum frame then which window type has a p8 finish so this is a little bit more of a Where's Waldo thing but if we read this so this says frame then the type of system the type of glazing on the glass and then the finish if we go over one this is the frame manufacturer glazing finish frame manufacturer glazing finish so they all go that so you know this bottom one is the finish type so it's none of these these aren't p8 so we're gonna go up and we found a piece 16 that's not what we wanted and there's a p8 so it's type J and I think it's actually one other I believe it's M either one is fine so it's p8 we're then going to move on past the windows and we want our structural engineer so there's a couple different places to find this so the first one is at the very top where it had the project directory actually there are so many places because you'll first have your cover page which will tell you that you have your structural engineer MA engineering then you get to the project directory and you'll have that again and then if you see that I'm going in order it's probably on the next page or a couple down but here was where we were MA engineering structural engineering consultants so we want MA engineering there then we're going to get into the live load requirement for the floors and stairs so now we're in only structural information so our live load requirement is going to be somewhere in the Arno so that's in our general structural note so we go down to those and we're we care about the floor and the stairs with the pounds per square foot so we go down in general we're not looking at any of these and then we start to see things that are separated out so something like a live load requirement will often look a little bit different than the rest to see these are just kind of big chunks of information then it started to go a little bit different so structural design criteria floor live loads floor and stair 100 PSF so there we go we have our 100 PSF footings are designed based on net allowable soil pressure of blank PSF so that's kind of the same question except now we're looking for our footings so this isn't really what we want we're in our building right now so we're gonna move over and then start at the top again so here's our foundation so it's based on the geotech report and footings are designed based on a net allowable soil pressure of 2,000 so again I tried to do it word-for-word just so you never had to worry about oh is this what she's looking for and then keep going down for a typical column base what is the minimum concrete cover for structural steel below grade so this could be in a few places so we're first going to look in the general structural notes so typical column base minimum concrete cover so this was all of our foundation these were our general notes so we're going to go over and we see that this is reinforcing steel for concrete and masonry so that's kind of what we're looking for because we want the minimum concrete cover for structural steel below grade so you can read through all of this however it's not in there so then you're going to go over double check specialty items pre-engineered it's not what we want and special inspections not what we want so it's not on this page which means it needs to be somewhere else in the structural so in order to find that we're just going to keep going and see what we can so this is our foundation plan however this is all very general we're looking for something very specific the minimum concrete cover so we're gonna go down again to our notes and this is gonna look much more like what we want and we want a typical column base so in order to find that again I tried to keep it pretty much exactly what it would be and we have typical column base so you zoom in on that one and we're looking for the minimum concrete cover for structural steel below grade and so just read through around these and look until you find that and right there concrete cover at structural steel below grade three inch minimum so we found that now we're gonna keep going for the joints in slab on grade what is the maximum amount of time allowed to pass between placing the concrete and cutting the contraction joint so that's gonna be something similar again where it might be in the notes and it might be in a detail but you kinda just need to look for it kind of tried to hint towards it by capitalizing this so just as I said exactly a typical column base this is joints in slab on grade joints in slab on grade so I'm gonna zoom in on that and we're gonna find the maximum allowable time so saw cut one a 1/8 of an inch wide contraction joint at a depth of T over four minimum sawing must occur as soon as concrete surface is firm enough so concrete will not be damaged but no later than 12 hours after it has been poured so 12 hours is the answer we're then going to get into a little bit more of critical thinking so there are twelve areas on the foundation plan which indicate a thicker foundation identify where they are and why it's required so first off we go to the foundation plan so we know that's right there and it's gonna look like this lot of lines a lot of dotted lines so this 45 degree is again showing masonry and this dotted line around is a continuous footing so this is our slab right here this whole thing is going to be a concrete slab so it says concrete floor and then twelve areas where it's thicker it's gonna be one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve so twelve inch thick and slab typical so that is a three foot by three foot square of thick and slab twelve times so think for a second why that might be because you have to think about your building so if we go up again to the architectural plan let's see where those are they're at the north side and they're right here so they line up exactly with the service bays so those are thick and slabs because those are the car jacks that are shown so it's the service area where they can jack up the cars to work on them so they need to be a thickened slab to support that weight and keep in mind this one is a little bit different and that's for different kind of colors so if your car can't go on this kind of jack which is the most common it'll go on to this one this one might be for trucks or something I'm not sure but that is why those are thickens where they are so we're then gonna go back down to the reinforcing requirement so all the way back down and so we want the reinforcing requirement for cf6 first thing to note what is cf6 so that is continuous footing number six so a continuous footing will go around the building basically continuously there might be different kinds of it but an example of an isolated footing which might be easier to start with is this so this is f5 so this is isolated footing type f5 there's another f5 so every f5 this looks like it's probably about two feet by two feet so it's going to be two feet two feet f5 and there's f5 so you know it's exactly those dimensions s5 exactly those there's an f4 so that one is a little bit smaller there's an f6 so it's a little bit bigger so everywhere you have f4 you know it's exactly its dimensions but you don't know what those dimensions are so in order to do that you need to find a footing schedule so just like there are door schedules there are footing schedules so we're gonna zoom out and it's going to look like a little table and it's right there so there's our footing schedule so we know we have three types of continuous footing and three types of isolated footing so CF vers F width is going to be two feet for this one and length is just going to stay continuous because it doesn't have one set amount so it's just going to go around until it needs until it either meets itself or changes into a different type of footing so all of these so see that CF 2 is showing all of this is CF 2 then we're going to go back so we want CF 6 reinforce your requirement so this is telling you CF 2 width of 2 feet length is continuous thickness is 12 so that's telling you how deep and how wide the reinforcing there is no reinforcing at the top of CF 2 and there are three number four rebars continuous at the bottom so it might be easier so CF 6 here's the answer reinforcing is number four at 12 inch each way top and bottom so that means there are number four rebars at 12 inches so it's going to go rebar 12 inches rebar 12 inches rebar 12 inches going each way so it's good to just understand what this means because you can look at this and write down the answer without actually understanding it so this they're all number four rebar so a good example the footing six a has eight number four going each way so it has a very specific number so these are saying every 12 inches put a piece of rebar because this is a footing with an indeterminate length so it's just going to give you this is called an OC requirement in on Center requirement so every 12 inches on center you need to put a piece of rebar this is telling you you need eight so this is giving you the specific number that are needed so we're gonna keep going down and we're almost there explain the difference between the three types of line in this picture so I tried to make the arrows as best I could so this is your grid line so it's gonna show you that solid line and then the little break and then a dashed line so probably would have been better to have a bit more space on this one but that's a grid line then you've got a foundation outline or a hidden line if you'd like to call it that so it's the dashed and then the actual structure which is your CMU wall this one right here think about that for a second what goes diagonal and that's a drainage line so that's a sloping one so that's showing you that this is going to slope this way so this is probably in something like the service bays or a bathroom where you're gonna need to slip it alright our final question is more of an estimating one than a reading drawings one but we're still going to do this so conduct a quantity takeoff for type F five footings determine how many cubic yards of concrete is required include five percent extra four wasted spills and show your work so the first thing we need to find out is how many F five footings so that's what doing a takeoff means so it's going to the drawings and taking off those quantities so f five is an isolated footing which means it's not gonna be in this area these are all continuous footings I talked about a little bit earlier and it's right here f5 so all you have to do is go through and go alright there's one two three keep going and there's none there go down four five and six so there's six F five footings and then figure out the cubic yard edge in one footing so go back to your footing schedule and an f5 footing is 5 feet by 5 feet by 12 inches watch that right there it's not a 12-foot footing it's a 12 inch footing so that means that it's going to have five by five by one cubic feet but I want cubic yards so in order to go from cubic feet to cubic yards you divide by 27 so even though I solve this I'm now doing it differently so I did that down there so if we're gonna go in order of this you have five by five by 12 inches for 25 cubic feet 25 cubic feet per footing six footings total means you have 150 cubic feet so all I did was take one footing times the number of footings and I get the total cubic footage then I added in that five percent extra for waist to get 157 cubic feet and then I'm dividing cubic feet into cubic yards to get my total answer so it's 27 cubic feet per cubic yard because it's going to be three by three by three which is 27 and you get your answer of five point eight three cubic yards so that's all we have for this assignment hopefully it's helped you understand drawings a little bit better kind of critically thinking or is this something where I need a dimension and I'm looking at a floor plan is it a concrete structural question where I need to be in the foundation is it an elevation where I'm on the outside cross-section on the inside is it gonna be a list of information like a door schedule is it general information like a note is it somewhat specific like a key note and where do I go if I need to find it a good thing to know you can also just google things chances are if you google what does this symbol mean something will come up there's something different on every set of plans so no one really knows everything there is but hopefully that was enough to give you the baseline of how to read construction drawings

Channel: Estimating Team

Views: 362,273

Keywords: construction, blueprints, reading blueprints, reading construction drawings, dewsc, asudewsc, reading drawings

Id: Fd8CLQmemJI

Length: 95min 33sec (5733 seconds)

Published: Tue Mar 19 2019