Protecting Jacqueline Kennedy

good evening everyone what a great honor it is to be here this evening on the stage with Clint Hill the special agent in charge of Jacqueline Kennedy's Secret Service detail as well as a distinguished career in the Secret Service we certainly thank all of you for coming as you know there's considerable interest in Jacqueline Kennedy these days there was a story on the front page of the New York Times regarding the oral history that Caroline will be officially publishing on Wednesday and Caroline Kennedy will be here next Monday at the same time speaking about that oral history and she's also going to be on ABC News primetime special with Diane Sawyer tomorrow night that was filmed here at the library and that's tomorrow night so knowing that we were going to have this interest in Jacqueline Kennedy we thought who would be better to help launch our foreign theories for this fall and open up this discussion about Jacqueline Kennedy especially during her years in the White House than Clint Hill before I begin I wanted to on behalf of atomic not the executive director of the Kennedy Library Foundation and all of my Kennedy Library and Library Foundation colleagues not only thank you but thank our library sponsors who support our foreign series including lead sponsor Bank of America Boston capital the Boston foundation the Lowell Institute Raytheon and our media partners the Boston Globe and WBUR so I have a son who fantasizes about being a Secret Service agent as I'm sure many of you can understand and so we wonder mr. Hill when you were a young man a young boy did you ever imagine that you would be in the Secret Service how did your life bring you to that spot well I did not as a young child I grew up I was going to be a teacher teaching history and coaching athletics and when I finished college I had to go into the army and the first thing after basic training they selected me to go to army intelligence school and I became a special agent in counterintelligence for the the army spent three years doing that and in the final year of that for two years of that my past did cross with Secret Service I was assigned to Denver Colorado and President Eisenhower used to come out there frequently I got to know some of the agents there and that piqued my curiosity and that's how I decided that maybe that's the path I would like to go you were initially assigned in the office and the field office in Denver Denver that's cool and then how did you end up getting the exciting assignment for the White House itself we all had to go back and do a 30-day assignment at the White House detail was an evaluation period to determine whether not you were the type of individual they wanted to be there on a permanent basis I did mine during the President Eisenhower administration and subsequently I was assigned on a permanent basis to President Eisenhower beginning November 1st 1959 and describe what was it like protecting President Eisenhower and what were the changes going on well President Eisenhower was a you know five strip had been a five-star general we the agents were more or less like his troops he didn't know our names he knew the name of the agent charge Jim Raleigh and he knew the name of the agent who drove his car dick floor but the rest were just hey agent when he wanted something he was very prompt very weak you could set your watch it was supposed to leave the house at 9:05 at 9:04 point 58 he was in the car ready to go and that's the way it was all that time he was very very popular worldwide just swapping in 1959 the Air Force acquired three jumbo jets 707 first jets at the White House had ever had and so he decided he was going to travel and beginning in December of 1959 we went all through Europe down into Karachi Kabul New Delhi and Coretta Ron Tunis to long Paris Rome you name it we were there and then who decided we go to all over through South America and then we went all through the parts of Asia and back and went back to France and was a wonderful experience for a young kid from North Dakota who'd never even been on a jet plane before so that was my first experience in the Secret Service that was really really exciting and he had a young family at the time I had at that time a son was born in 1956 and I was gone during the Eisenhower administration I was gone maybe 60% of the time not too much then when the Kennedy administration came into office at the during the election in 1960 with Lex was on November 8th and they had selected a couple ages to be with mrs. Kennedy and they were forming a detail be with the president I was with President Eisenhower he had decided to go to Augusta to play golf the day after the election so we all were down in Georgia was working the golf course with some other agents and my boss said I need to talk to you and he's got her two agents right after this golf match is over so we met him totally other two agents you guys are going to Palm Beach Clint he said secretary defense Tom gates is down here ski and Ike he's going back to Washington you get on the plane with him go back to Washington see the director or the chief he wants to talk to you I had no idea what was going on so I got back there and I talked to him hmm it was a long drawn-out process about an hour and a half and they finally said okay we've decided what we're going to do you're going to be assigned to mrs. Kennedy I was really disgusted I didn't want that assignment I'd seen what former first ladies did fashion shows tea parties ballet school I didn't want any part of that but I had to accept it and so that Friday when president mrs. candy returned from Linus port they came back to Washington hmm I went not met mrs. Kennedy she was body didn't have months pregnant and so from that point on I was assigned to her and we started us to establish a relationship that gradually grew but it got stronger stronger as we went along and then as things would happen shortly thereafter young John was born so we're going to do something slightly different in this for I'm going to show some slides as we just continue the conversation that we have and still have to probably dim the light slightly so folks can see the slides hopefully still see mr. Hill and to these first few slides they're simply the day after the election they are at Hyannis Port and again so mr. Hill wasn't here at the time when President Kennedy then president-elect Kennedy officially announced and now we have this picture of John Jr coming home and so why don't we tell that why don't you tell that story it was Thanksgiving weekends and you hid the family and the president actually flew off to Palm Beach yeah he had been in Palm Beach and then on the 23rd of November he came back to spend Thanksgiving with Carolina mrs. Kennedy and she was you know about a month away from delivering and then on Thanksgiving Day which was the 24th huh he left at about 8:30 that night and got back on the plane and it was the Caroline the private plane of the family and took off for Palm Beach well about an hour later two hours later and I had gone home because she had said that she wasn't going to do anything more that night so I was at home and I got a message telephone call from Jim Jefferies who was actually an agent in charge at that time and said mrs. Kenney has been taken to the Georgetown Hospital by ambulance yeah shipped her right who got away so I rushed over to the hospital what happened was she had contacted her doctor and told him that she was having problems and he had called an ambulance and we didn't know anything about it we had failed to really brief her on how our communications worked and she had tried to get in touch with president-elect on the Caroline and they couldn't get through to it now we could have their feed we've cheated gone through us we could have made sure we let him know so he didn't know anything about it until he got to Palm Beach got off the plane there was a phone call for him to tell him that his wife was in Georgetown Hospital he better get back to Washington so they pushed the care line out of the way they got on the press plane which was a bigger plane and they got back to Washington quicker and it got back about 4:20 in the morning and meanwhile she had been rushed to the emergency room at Georgetown Hospital and dr. Walsh had performed a cesarean and I was there and young John was born the president got there about 2:00 on a 4:20 a.m. or something I said and did you pace the hall delay yeah I did I knew I knew her history I knew that she had had some problems in the past and I was very very fearful of what might happen this time but fortunately everything turned out okay and young John was born he was healthy but it was concerned for him but he was healthy she was pretty weak afterwards President got there and when it is here but she was almost out of it and here they are in Georgetown but then they go down to Palm Beach as well before they know well she couldn't go for a while until early December and in the interim she an appointment to go to the White House and get a tour of the White House me and mrs. Eisenhower was going to give her a tour she had talked to me about it and I told her what I knew about the White House and how things worked and everything and she wanted to be possible to have a wheelchair available to her and I said sure no problem friend of mine was a gusher there JB West so I let him know and she got there and JB met she and myself down at the entrance to the White House took him to the elevator and got to the elevator JB said mrs. Eisenhower much to take her on a tour alone and so they went upstairs I went to the Usher's office goodbye when it was all over she came back down she looked like she was really tired out and what had happened was there was a wheelchair up there but mrs. eyes never never offered to let her use it it was sitting behind a door and she was afraid to ask her and so by the time she finished the tour she was completely wiped out got in the car took her back to Georgetown and we went that afternoon down to Palm Beach so we have some pictures here of the inauguration but you were actually with the children tell us more about what where you were during well a few days before the inauguration that the agent charge came to me and said when present mrs. can he go back to washing with your inauguration we want you to stay here in Palm Beach and supervise the protection of Caroline and John I was upset again because I I had never been to an inauguration and I was really looking forward to it but I was saddled with staying there in Palm Beach of course it wasn't so bad centered about a foot of snow in Washington but on an alteration day Caroline was there and she was with Miss Sean we were at the ambassador's residence there was a room there with a TV and drinking inaugural ceremony why miss Shaw was in there watching it miss Shaw some England she had no idea what was really going on and I was in there and Caroline was in there in and out and I was trying to explain to Caroline what her father was doing and all this kind of stuff she was more interesting finger-painting and swimming in the pool and so she really didn't see much at the inauguration in 1961 so we just have this lovely picture of mrs. Kennedy congratulating her husband after the his inaugural address and here they are at the inaugural ball so she was worried about the White House being a fishbowl that that her privacy would be invaded and that she wouldn't be able to live the type of life she wanted to live how did she protect herself or how does she create a family life for herself well that was over that was one of the things she really insisted on she wanted the children to be brought up as normal children now this special the agents were to treat them as if they were just one of their own if the kids fell down they get up you didn't help him they had to learn all this stuff on their own she wanted to avoid as much publicity as she could for the children and for herself we tried to shield her as much as we could press became more and more insistent as time went on because they weren't getting what they wanted so when they're not fed properly why they don't you know they'll behave the same but she was very very protective not only of she and herself and the children but of him too she wanted as much normalcy as possible that he could come back to the residence and be completely just himself and didn't have to be so involved but she didn't really understand the office of the president that it's 24 hours a day seven days a week you may be somewhere on vacation but you're not on vacation but on the other here were you there that day and yeah that's the day we came back from Palm Beach in early February of 1961 after the inauguration and the people in the staff at the White House the gardeners and the head made a snowman for she and John of course John is too young to appreciate it there's only about two months old but Caroline really thought this was great and the head gardener made sure that it was properly done and headed out on the South just next to the South portico so that she could see it when they arrived back at the white house in Palm Beach so we have just a number of pictures of again this young family and the white house any anecdotes well this is like this is like Easter I believed 1962 and probably I'm not sure how this probably in Palm Beach and that's young John typical he be doing that all the time every time he'd get in his mother like that he wanted to get it those pearls to somebody okay and any other insights about her as a mother oh she was a great mother she was very concerned about them about their education she formed a school there in the White House so Caroline could go to school and have had a bunch of a number of young classmates brought in from outside Oh from all walks of life and it was right up on the third floor of the White House had two teachers he used to play out in the South grounds now as much as he tried to protect the children from the present I'm sorry as much as mrs. Kennedy did the president not would often call peaceful state of it this only happened when we when mrs. Kennedy was out of town the president would arrange for the somebody to come into the Oval Office and to get a photograph of the children but she never said too much about it afterwards but I think she knew that's what he was going to do it was one of those things some lovely pictures this is walking from the office on toward the colonnade going back to the mansion that's just outside the Oval Office so the thermos Miss JA the nanny from London she was with them for the entire time that when Caroline was born all the way up through mid-seventies here's the school this was up on the third floor a number of young children from some from various embassies and she took a very deep interest in this made sure that they had the best teachers and the best whatever they needed to have Caroline loved to finger Peyton has that oh yeah this is the White House dinner and performance afterwards by Pablo Casals for the Puerto Rican from Spain actually and he refused to come to the White House to play until the president talked to him and convinced him and that was the thing to do because of you didn't want to do that because something to do with Generalissimo Franco relationship and but he finally decided to come and it was a spectacular evening at the water and she was known for organizing these cultural he took a personal interest that each one of these events and made sure that they were all done properly and reject the guest list to make sure who was going to be there it was a cross-section of people she asked me if I would be interested in I she wanted me to she knew that I was interested in music and so I was there that night that public softly I'm coming again the more the comment he made early on when he first heard of your assignment that you were worried you'd be going to social tees and she kind of rejected doing what traditional first lady's done and really refastened the entire job in a new way completely ouchie in fact she didn't go to tease and she didn't do the things that I anticipated she would be doing we did go to two fashion shows one in New Delhi and one in Karachi or in Lahore Pakistan but I don't recall going to any other and it was rather interesting so here's a private moment between the two of them you must have been witness to some of these moments even in a public event where they needed very much so we you know we with them all the time that they're not in on the second floor in their private quarters we're with them so we know exactly what's happening we see things that nobody else sees and hears things that nobody else hears that's as far as it go you sure you don't want to tell us anything so this event were you at the this is the no no bail yeah laureate yes and it's mr. frost sitting there next to mrs. Kennedy yeah and this is typical the type of eventually really like to have is she had the very best finest artisans and artists in the world at the White House and she has it you know it she put them in a position so they were recognized right and so the world could see them and then sometimes after the official event the party might continue and sometimes it continued at one one party lasted until 2:30 in the morning which is rather unusual but it was can't recall which one it was now but it was a very very happy event she's meeting emperor haile selassie from ethiopia that's the chief of protocol behind the president and your Biddle Duke and he's arriving at Union Station in Washington for a state visit describe the Secret Service at that time how many were you how does it compare to the Secret Service today when I came into the Secret Service there were 269 agents worldwide and you didn't get in unless somebody died or retired there just were no openings but in 1963 there were about 330 of us at that time there were 34 agents assigned to the President to the detail to the White House to the president and two of us were signed to the first lady and we had three agents assigned to the two children so that meant 39 and that was dope today there are about 3,500 it's considerably different than it was then we didn't have the equipment to add today we didn't have radios we didn't have any personal communications of any type we had none of the modern conveniences our computer system and was really a three by five card with a photograph on one side and that's about all we had and we the training programs we had in those days were mostly on the job today they have an academy that first you go day we said federal law enforcement training center in Georgia then if you finished that successfully you then go to the Academy in Washington that Beltsville that for another eight weeks we finished that they will then make you an agent but it's very different than kids was it back in those days so I thought we would move from official White House to where she spent her weekends and summers and you were always there with her so can you tell if this is in Middleburg Glenora she's riding a horse called sardar and Caroline's on a pony called macaroni that's young john with mrs. Kennedy andhe on the horse she loved to go to Glenora which was a state they rented in near Middleburg and then they eventually she picked out a piece of property near there at a toka called rattlesnake mountain and built a home they eventually called that Wexford but they only had that house for about two years and they never got to really use it too much they used it a few times but she eventually found that she liked to go to Camp David and she had done so reluctantly to begin with but eventually when she found out that what it really was like she liked it and another thing my colleague we're going to be taking written questions at the end of this program so if you have a question my colleague Amy MacDonald has index cards and she'll bring them around and then she'll bring them up to us she often if I understood I mean she might leave on a Thursday afternoon and then come back on a Monday morning if she'd like to have her time in the country oh yes we spent considerable time in the country she would go Thursday and president would try and come out on Saturday usually and he would fly back on Monday usually we stayed through until maybe Tuesday tendon Bob what what she had to do in Washington there was a function then we came back during all this time of course she was deeply involved in a restoration of the White House and so it was mounds of yellow legal pads because she loved to write notes I mean do yellow legal pads and they were all sent back to various people if they were addressed you to do this or that and so she was deeply involved in a lot of things but at the same time she wanted her privacy out in the hunt country in Virginia now sometimes he would just jump in a station wagon and drive her around he had some stories about that I understand you know I were just the two of us usually I wherever she wanted to go I took her we'd go over to a place called the fowl residence and to begin with that's where the horses were kept and she would ride there with he thought was a very good friend to her some years before and they were accomplished horse Horseman hearse women one day we were driving back to this is liberal a are we driving back to rattlesnake mountain there's a dirt cooking a winding road and I'm driving along and she's in sitting in the front seat with me and I saw this turtle gone across the road but I couldn't stop hey it was too close and I could as I drove over it I could hear the crunch of the shell is it cracked and it was mr. Hill what have you done you know is she just and she never forgot that she always remembered that I had killed that turtle so whenever you wanted to get to me why that's she'd bring that up now we have this picture but there are more famous pictures of her falling off a horse and were you there at that yes I was one day she was gone to ride with the Piedmont Hunt and they were riding across the mellon property and the Secret Service had determined that we would not ride with her it was too costly to have horses to train the agents possibility of accidents and injury all this kind of stuff so we had to surveil her in vehicles from whatever roadway we could traverse so I was out driving watching the hot group ride and they were approaching the fences and jumping all of a sudden I noticed there was a guy near a fence and he stood up and I recognized him it was a guy named Hawkins from near Middleburg upper valaria he was a photographer who specialized in photographing hunts and riders and horses and if she approached this fence he started to snap and click away and the horse stole to stop dead and she didn't and she went right over the top of the horse and right over the top of the fence and I was really mad and I jumped out of the car and I because I thought maybe she was hurt but she had extended her arms and fallen gracefully got up back on the horse the way she went but I didn't I kept down after this photographer I got to him name is marshal Hawkins and I told him okay give me the film and he wasn't going to give me the film and I knew this wasn't snatcher security event so I didn't have any real justification to take the film so I tried to convince him that you know he shouldn't want it didn't want to embarrass the lady goodness sakes have it publicized all over the world that she had fallen off this horse he was convinced that he was going to and he kept the film and he sold it to Life magazine for about $25,000 so then I called him up and I tried to get the vellum before he got negotiation finished she had asked me to see if I could get the film and I couldn't get the film what I got was a photograph of that dance from him which I have now framed and one that he sent to her as well so that's as much as we got out of it and there's another story of a Secret Service agent trying to help her up on a horse one yeah she was going to get up on this horse and one of the agents was there she needed a little help to get up and it happened just so happen this agents pretty a buff guy muscular as could be and he is from Chicago he had not didn't know much about horses didn't know much by putting ladies on a horse so she asked him for help and he walked over and she expected him to cut his hand and lift her up and not Joe he'll grab you around the place and up trouble as he put her right over the top of the horse mm-hmm and she came down on the other side but it worked out all right she wasn't injured so that was no one caught that on film thank God nobody got em so you spent holidays for the family I have a few slides of various oh yeah oh yeah every every holiday it seemed and this is Christmas and it looks like about 1962 in Palm Beach Florida we usually spent Christmas New Year's in Florida Thanksgiving and Easter in Florida and Thanksgiving up at the Cape so this this particular picture here is it Easter Palm Beach where they're coloring Easter eggs that's young John next word this is also at Eastern Palm Beach just before they were going to go to master as well tell us what was it like to be away from your own family so during these years assigned to the Kennedy family you had to spend all of your holidays and basically all of your weekends with them that was rather difficult I was gone about 80% of the time I had my older son was born six so he was four when I got the assignment then I had another son born in 61 and so during that entire time they were pretty much without a father and specifically on holidays I was never there for Christmas or Easter Thanksgiving and usually not for their birthdays and really not for their births either I missed both of my son's birth when do you tell us what's going on in this picture in February of 1963 was on a Friday February 22nd I had just finished gotten off to no more activity so I had gone back to my hotel room there's about 9 to 9:30 at night phone rang as mrs. Kennedy she said mr. Hill she said Prince Radzi will and Chuck's balding are down here very close friends of the president you know and they have a wager and they're going to have a competition they're going to go on a white on a hike and the President and I are going to go out there periodically and check on them and we'd like you to go out there and go with them to make sure that they're okay and to make sure everything's okay when the president I come out to see them I thought oh my god what am I going to do going on a hike I don't have anything you know but I didn't say anything I said yes ma'am what time is this going to start and she said well they thought they'd leave about midnight [Laughter] so it's 9:00 9:30 at night so I quickly ran back to where they lived got a driver in a station wagon got a whole bunch of water and foodstuffs and put that in the back got a hold of a Navy corpsman and him lined up to go with us then they'd also arrange for a photographer mark Shaw in New York he was going to be there so where we go Chuck Spalding Prince Radzi willed myself a driver photographer and a corpsman off to the sunshine Parkway and we started walking south toward Miami luckily the Parkway have not been opened yet there was no traffic no cars and so he could just walk and we walked and we walked and periodically sure enough there'd come president mrs. Kennedy out and they'd walk along maybe quarter of a mile half a mile see where they go I was there in my Florsheim shoes these guys have been practicing hiking for about three months they had hiking booths and every kind of equipment you could imagine so on his all over we did make 50 miles we got back because we have back to Palm Beach them so they had a little party and that's what this is the president had made a necklace metal and a necklace out of paper and he had inscribed it and said to dazzle the pacemaker award the Secret Service will follow you to the Battle of the sunshine Parkway I still have that as a matter of fact today I still have it in my memory bank so this is mr. Hill receiving his medal from the president so you know you were having to protect a woman who had a real spirit of adventure here she is water ski you loved to water-ski I love to water-ski and she liked the water-ski tandem tooth with two people I'd never water-skied my life I came from North Dakota we had a lot of land a lot of wheat we did watch water and she thought it would be wonderful if I'd learned to water-ski and could skate with her and so we had a Navy guy that ran the boat for us Jim Bartlet and she asked she's a Jim don't you think you could teach mr. Hill to water-ski sir said I don't know said I'll try he's from Maine so when we were all through she was all through for the day and gone back to the house Bobby's all assured that nothing was going to happen I'd go out on the boat with Jim and I learned how to water-ski yeah at first was an absolute disaster I was spending more time underwater than I was on top he finally got me up on top then I was supposed to learn how to slalom ski so we could ski too in ten that didn't work believe me so she finally gave up with that idea but I did learn how to water-ski and for a short amount of time you were also her tennis partner that was a very very short period of time I played baseball in college and high school American Legion I was pretty good baseball player when it came to playing tennis that was a whole different sport for me she asked me if I play tennis with her and I told her I said I've never played tennis but I'll give it a try so one day she met me at the South portico with two racquets and a bunch of balls and down to the tennis courts we went of course I was dressed in a suit she told me that I wasn't properly attired but we managed we went down there and she'd serve and I'd hit the ball and did my I got over the fence she'd serve and I hit the ball and right over the fence we got to volley once in a while back and forth but eventually after this happened about two or three times different days she turned to me one day and said you know she said maybe tennis is not your game and we met we found a teaching Pro who we could bring brought into the White House to play tennis with her so we've been talking about the fun side and the family side but then there were crises happening around you as well so you were in Virginia when these first reports came about the Cuban Missile Crisis we had been spending some time in Virginia and we I we recognized agents that were close to he and she that something was going on internationally because there were a lot of off-the-record meetings with National Security Council Executive Committee had been formed and the people that were they were meeting with were specialists in Soviet relations and that type of thing so we knew there was something happening but they were trying to make it appear as there was nothing wrong and the president was making a lot of trips out of town eventually they had he had to reveal to the American people what was going on it was called Cuban Missile Crisis he finally called one day he was out of town and he wanted her to come back to the White House make sure that she was at the White House and so we went back to the White House I realize I had to explain to her what we were going to do if something happened because we had never really discussed what would we were going to do for she and the children if there was an attack on this country by missiles and so I tried to explain to her that we were going to take she and the children if they were at the White House down into the shelter the bomb shelter which was under Dwight out and we'd secured him there till everything was all clear she just looked at me and she said you made her down to that shelter mr. Hill she said I'm going to take Caroline and John we're gonna walk hand and hand out on the South grounds and we're going to stand there on the lawn now if you want to come with us you can she said I'm not going to let that third-rate dictator determine my future she was determined that she was not going to give in to the threats that have been made by the Soviets and by Castro it's just a picture of the XCOM during the Cuban Missile Crisis so again other things were going on throughout the Kennedy presidency this is about the space program John Glenn when orbiting the Earth it's the vice president the president mrs. Kennedy Arthur Schlessinger in her background I'm watching it on TV she was very interested in the space program that he was naturally but John Glenn came to the cape and he water-skied with her he fell to but he watched her so here's where they good to my enemy you accompany them on this trip yes we this is an Orange Bowl in Miami president mrs. Kane went down to address the Cuban Brigade this is after the Bay of Pigs disaster and veterans from the Bay of Pigs didn't all gathered at the Orange Bowl and he spoke to them and she spoke to them in Spanish and this particular picture here she's speaking to the leaders of that brigade and the former president of Cuba and you can see the massive crowd in the Orange Bowl at that time this is the same group of individuals and many of them were amputees had been severely injured and not properly taken care of while they were prisoners in Cuba and this is as we're leaving that function from cue from Miami on the helicopter did she have a sense of just how what a powerful symbol she was how did she handle moments like this I don't really think she ever really knew how important she was both to him as a political figure but to the United States and the people as a whole if you would have been with her in India or Pakistan you could see it there because she was there without the President and she was just idolized by these people wherever we went to her massive crowds and sometimes more so than we could handle pretty much but I don't think she ever really recognized the fact that she had the influence that she did it we're going to go on some of those foreign trips so you did the advance work on this trip to France yes 1961 I was sent over in advance with dish Baldrige we did the advance in in Paris the French government and French place was very cooperative there's so much so that they took a brand-new car and cut the top off it put a plastic top on it so that people could see her because they knew that everybody in France wanted to see her and she was extremely popular being a French descent and have expensive time in France spoke French president de Gaulle really was enamored by ER and the French security people that I knew said today had never seen him react to anyone like they've reacted to her and necessary with mrs. mrs. de Gaulle at one of the functions that went to away from the president that's myself just behind mrs. de Gaulle I have the can I that's mr. Hill right there now you weren't listening to know when my finished advance in Paris in 1961 I was sent to Greece to advance a trip that she was going to make it to Greece and a few in about a week from Paris she and the president went to Vienna and he met with chairman Khrushchev and from there they went to London they met with the Prime Minister Macmillan but they also went to London for the christening of her sister Lee's youngest daughter Christina and then she went to Greece then we went to Greece she went there at the invitation of Prime Minister and mrs. garment lease although it wasn't an official visit she was their guest and she stayed at in the villa owned by mr. Niarchos and he made available the use of his yacht the north wind this is at one of these I think this is at the Coliseum or the Parthenon in Athens and she loved this trip well I'm right there behind mrs. Kennedy yep she was so young I mean in this picture especially she books well she was only she was 30 29 she was 31 when they came into office and this was in 61 so he's 32 years old not quite 30 - yeah and you don't need to reveal too much but you were about the same age very much so I was budget year and half younger yeah and yet you're meeting these you know heads of state who are on this trip for example we might see king and queen of Greece I met the daughters and their son pulled a fast one on me and took her for a ride in a car how often did she escape your that was one of the few times that and he paid for it not for me but from the Kings military aid when we got to the first stop the milk trade got in the car missus gonna get out and I could hear him being talked to as we drove away and she was a bit mischievous herself oh very much so he loved practical jokes she just she had a great time this is an Epidaurus and from in greece arriving it's an outdoor theatre that she wanted to attend that's the north wind the yacht that she came there on she'd be presented flowers by two young girls the gentleman next door in the dark glasses is a man named nick amigos he worked in the embassy in greece he was one of my concern security consultants a wonderful guy and there's this tale there and here's a Mexico Mexico we had when they went to Mexico Mexico City it was the largest crowd that had ever witnessed today had ever seen on the parade were two million people and it was really difficult for the agents because the confetti and things being thrown out the buildings were so dense we couldn't see anything the elevation is way higher than a mile and running at that through that paper and at that elevation was really tough on the ages I fortunately was riding at the time and here she is meeting some school tilted schoolchildren in Mexico City and then the trip you've alluded to already but the famous trip that she took to India and Pakistan on her own and again you did advance on this trip I was I just set up the trip in India in March of 1962 we went there in February we got there I mean they kept on delaying the trip so we were there for weeks ahead and it was a very complicated trip a lot of stops and then when she left to Delhi for on the outer cities in India I went down to Pakistan to set up her trip to Pakistan this is her in India I believe it's in June of Banaras or who died poor she went to both those places went to Jaipur went to part of her seat Creek I had a wonderful time rode an elephant what did that do to a Secret Service agent when the pharrell we knew we knew that this was going to happen I mean it's all set up so that wasn't really surprised and riding an elephant is not a problem riding a camel was a little bit of a problem there they are on a camel of course this is a camel owned by a very famous camel driver his name is Bachelor past year and he's the famous because prior to mrs. Kennedy going to Pakistan Vice President Johnson had been in Pakistan and he was driving along the road one day and there were some camel drivers and he made it guy stopped and he picked his one camel driver out and it took turn out to be Basheer and made him a celebrity brought him to the United States had him on various TV shows various things and then when he back went back to Pakistan he was a celebrity and so when we went to pax then it was arranged for him to be there with his camel with his wife with his children so that she could see him and then he wasn't the camel was not supposed to be up when they got on just the photographic purposes that was going to be the end of it they insisted that the camel get up she and her sisters and so the best years kept looking is it okay you know let him up so the camel got up and they went for a ride then they wanted to try and get the camel to run fortunately Basheer listened and we didn't let the camel rock this is in Lahore Pakistan that's president I you've gone with the reins on his horse and we had just been to the International Horse Show in Lahore and president I have gone had given her on behalf of the Pakistani government a horse named Sardar that's his photograph and his handler it was somewhat of a problem because we had to get Sid our back to the United States in India the Air India people had given her to tiger cubs and though the first two tiger cubs died the second day then they replaced them and now we had to get the tiger cubs and the horse back to the United States well there and there are certain restrictions and rules that you you know you just don't bring a horse in the United States and that's it there's quarantine and all kinds of things well she pleaded with her husband don't let the poor horse go through all this distress I mean he's gonna hates bad enough he's going to get airsick you shouldn't have to be quarantined and treated like that you know Prince Philip's polo ponies they didn't have any problem with them why should I have a problem with my new horse well eventually the president you know okay and he got ahold of Orville Freeman who was the Secretary of Agriculture and he worked out a deal the horse arrived at Andrews Air Force Base but he had to be in some kind of quarantine so he took him to Fort Myer and they put him in a stable of course she didn't like that either so we went to Fort Myer to make sure the horse got out of the stable like no other horse had and she could see the horse and how God had sent this guy with the horse and so we he said he didn't stave to long but he stayed for a while make sure the horse was fed properly and groomed properly taken care of because I have gone didn't want anything to happen to the horse this is her right this is her riding cigar out in the middle burg area jumping a fence she was a very easy to excellent horse woman so I thought we talked about the summer of 63 they rent a place on square island and you spend the summer there but any memories of that to kill summer she was pregnant at the time she came to me early in 1963 and told me that she's going to have to curtail our activities because she was pregnant I was very happy for and so that summer we went to the Cape and I rented a house on Swan Island rather than stay at the him after house they owned the house there but Emily was in the Kennedy compound which made it rather complicated with all the other family members so we stayed there as well and this is she and some of the menagerie we had with us that's Charlie the dog with Caroline that's clipper in the upper right he's a German Shepherd giving it to her to her by her father-in-law that's Wolfie laying down on the bottom by the way Clippers the dumbest German Shepard Euler [Laughter] which we sent him to obedience school and he didn't learn a thing and that dog beside young John is Shannon who was a gift from the Friends of Ireland this is the president with his father and that's I guess and Gargan in the background ambassador Kennedy had the stroke in December of 1961 when we were we came back we've been on a trip to Puerto Rico Caracas and Bogota came back to Palm Beach and he met us at the airport I met them and they went to this they had to Paul residents and he went to his residence the president had developed a cold and he went to bed and stayed in bed he was supposed to be back to Washington it was the later day so the next day he was going to go and the Ambassador came down and rode with him to the airport then the Ambassador went back to play golf and mrs. Kennedy and Caroline went from the fall residence up to the Bassett residence to swim and while there he came back from this golfing outing I knew that they hadn't been gone long enough to play golf he looked very good and he said something to her they talked a little bit and he went up to his room and shortly thereafter we became that he had had a stroke and having just was called and took him to the hospital and he never did fully recover he tell a story that you and this instance decided since they were going to spend the entire summer on square island that you rented a little cottage for your family right your family up and that one day she suggested that since your children were about the same age as her children that you invite your children over so they could play together yes she did she wanted to make one might bring my two boys over to play with Caroline and John my son was born in 5746 Caroline is born in 57 so they weren't that far apart hmm John is born at 60 Cory was born at 61 but I could just see it my oldest son pushed Caroline down and something happened a broken tooth or anything I was going to be in Butte Montana the next day and so I finally convinced her I said just just isn't a good idea I'm a government employee you're the wife of the president they're the president's children I don't think it'd be a very good idea for my two children to be playing with your do children and something he should happen she finally understood the problem and said okay now related to that even though you clearly got very close since she trusted you immensely you always referred to one another as I was called her mrs. Kennedy she always called me mr. Hill was never anything different but one moment again where you were there for her was the moment when she delivered that child Patrick anyone else about that yeah she had gone with Caroline at that morning to go out to the stables with Caroline Road and agent Landis had taken him out there and one of the other agents that followed night you actually had a day off that day and I was home and yet we've got the house I rented there in Hyannis Port and phone rang and it was a glance that are saying that Paul had was on his way back to the Kennedy compound with mrs. Kennedy they were calling in a helicopter she was having labor pains they wanted to get her Lotus air force base as quick as possible we had established a place there for her to in case of an emergency and her obstetrician dr. Walsh had agreed and it was living there on the Cape for the summer just in case luckily and so they put her in a helicopter and brought her to Otis I raced Otis by car I got there about the same time and dr. Walsh came and she delivered a little boy they named him Patrick Bouvier Kennedy he developed lung problems and they decided that they have to transport him to Boston in the interim the president was in Hawaii Washington's the White House so we notified him but it was going on and so he requested Air Force One be made available right away turned out Air Force One was airborne doing something or out was not available and so they commandeered a couple of jets cars which were small about eight passenger jets and flew and Otis he came right to the hospital to see her and then we had taken JA or Patrick at that time to Boston agent Landis had gone with him and then the president went to Boston to be with the Patrick they didn't that first thing was that going to be that serious but turned out it was very serious and he died two days later you remain with her I stated Otis Air Force miss her the president came and told her what had happened the funeral was held in Boston she wasn't he was not able to go because she was at oldest in the hospital and she went into a very deep depression she was very upset and it was decided that maybe she needed to get away for a while right and so it was arranged for her to go to Greece and go on a cruise he traveled with her and like we took her to Greece Athens we got on board a yacht there called the Cristina owned by Aristotle Onassis and she and her sister-in-law and her brother-in-law Franklin Delano Roosevelt and his junior and his wife a few other people and we cruised the Greek islands up into Turkey and one of the things she wanted to do was see the Blue Mosque in Istanbul and we got up going up into Turkey and the current is very strong in that area Kristina was going one way and I had to go from the Kristina in the over to the Blue Mosque to set it up to make sure it was okay and they brought a launch alongside for me to get on and to go over there but they couldn't get it right up next to the ship because the current was so terribly strong there was about four or five foot span between the Christina and they vote and I'm standing there and I had to make that because I knew if I didn't I was going underneath you know and I jumped that I made it got over there and set it up and then they brought her and the other guests aboard and we toured the Blue Mosque she enjoyed it very much so what was it like for a kid from North Dakota to be on Aristotle Onassis was yacht well it's an experience you'll never have I guess they were treated very well it was it to be every day's a seaplane would deliver the newspapers so we were up-to-date and current on current events there was a helicopter on board he gave me needed an emergency there was a pool on the aft deck what if you didn't want to go swim I need to push a button the bottom of the pool erases the surface of a ceramic tile you could be used for dance floor he was a bar schools were covered in whale hide gold for sit gold gold things next to the bar and whale's teeth for some kind of our wrists I mean it was rather lavish but it was a she had a wonderful time we spent to almost ten days on that and then we flew from there to to Morocco on the game Rocco's plane to be a guest of the King of Morocco in Marrakesh I could have this slide because there's a story about your wife related to this event the blighters is the Black Watch at the White House and this was in 1963 they came and performed on the South grounds and we had all been invited to bring our families and my wife had never met mrs. Kennedy or of the president and she was really hoping that I introduced them that day but I never felt comfortable doing that and so I didn't and so she never did meet her until after the terrible events in later in November of that year but I I was hopeful that I would be able to introduce them but just didn't turn out that way so we talked to mrs. Kennedy but clearly you have insights into President Kennedy as well and interactions with him and anything you want to share well you know I've explained what Eisenhower was like in general we were the troops with President Kennedy when we when he took over as president-elect it started out down in Palm Beach he got to know each and every agent by name called them by name then he knew who your wife's name was knew who your children's names were one day one of the new agents down and had been to Palm Beach he was standing out on post he had just come in from Gettysburg Pennsylvania he'd been with the eyes and our grandkids and he had on a nice charcoal gray wool suit heavy because it'd been gold up and got his bird wearing a hat standing on post and president out by the pool you know swim trunks going over some papers he saw this agent standing over there sweating like crazy and he just you know what the heck says he walked over he said what's your name you guys it's my name's Harry gives mr. president said why are you standing here in the sunshine you could move over there in the shade why are you wearing that winter clothes so well mr. president this is my post I can't move over there that's not where I'm supposed to be he said I'm wearing these clothes because I just came from Pennsylvania it's cold in Pittsburgh so he just shook his head he turned around he walked away walked in the house came back out at whole stack polo shirts walked over he gave unto Harry said now you put this on you can't do your job when you're uncomfortable like you are sweating and with all those heavy clothes and give one of these to each of the other agents that are suicide here I want them all to be comfortable and to do the job that they want to do but do so comfortably and that's the way he was he was a very personable individual he called us by name I dealt with him a lot on a personal basis because of being with mrs. Kennedy and the children a lot of times he'd be someplace and she would want something cleared and I'd call back and I I'd always a call Evelyn Lincoln his secretary and Evelyn would always go in and tell him that I was on the phone I had this question and I would expect Evelyn to come back and give me the answer that never happened the next voice I heard was him telling me exactly what he wanted me to do and what why he could do this and why you shouldn't do that just the gondor's guy a lot of things happen to enjoy it out there in the under water he loved the honey Fitz or the Patrick J or the Manitou one of the boats that we had available he just loved it and it was I got so I loved it myself so we come to her decision to join him on the political trip to Texas this was a real surprise to me because she had not really been active and going to any political events at all in 1960 because she was pregnant she but he didn't participate that much and now we had just come back from Greece and she told me that she was going to go with the president on this trip to Texas first the president was going to go to Florida which he did but then the trip to Texas was set up so he was going to go from we're going to go from Washington to San Antonio hunt to Houston to Fort Worth to Dallas to Austin I'm off to the LBJ Ranch they're going to spend the weekend at the ranch with the vice president mrs. Johnson so we went first to San Antonio and they went to a hospital and dedicated that hospital then do Houston where they was a fundraiser for our congressman and then to Fort Worth to stay overnight to have a morning rally outside the hotel they were staying at and then a breakfast and that morning I got up at 6:00 and the president had to be outside at 8:00 and then he came in for the breakfast and I always got a copy of her schedule and everything on her schedule she had made a note in red pencil next to the breakfast probably not going to do this so I didn't take she was going to go to the practice but I had gone does it down to her Richards her room was right next to mine and waited there and tell him she knew I figured she was ready to do something and pretty soon the phone rang the agent and downstairs at the breakfast and he said president want you to bring mrs. Kennedy down here the breakfast right now okay yeah so I go into the suite and I color the president would like to have you come down to breakfast right now they're kind of waiting for you down there she was very surprised she didn't think that she was supposed to go so quick they got herself together and down we went to the breakfast that's what this picture is are walking in to the breakfast in Fort Worth Texas the morning of November 22nd 1963 and then again mr. Hilton these pictures these are a Love Field this is log field in Dallas that's mr. Hill they arrived by so you know the moment is etched in all of our memory for those who don't know mr. Hill was The Secret Service agent who climbs up onto the car after the shots were fired rushed to the hospital you also were the person credited for there being no photographs taken at the hospital he wanted to protect mrs. Kennedy's I knew her what she wanted was absolute privacy and she didn't want photographs taken of the President his condition was such that you shouldn't been a photograph taken and so I just told the photographers until the White House photographers no no picture no photographs and they agreed and they didn't insisted on being in the room with her husband yes in the room when she could be or in it there were two trauma rooms one and two president was wrong the governor wasn't the other one mrs. Connolly and she were in kind of a little passageway between them and when she could she would go in there but there were so many doctors involved I mean they were doing everything they're good to resuscitate him they work vigorously to try and get it back to life but wasn't to be a priest was called priest was called and given the last rites and he was declared dead at one o'clock that day you accompany heard back to Air Force One we went back to Air Force One and got on board they had to arrange for a judge to come aboard to swear in the vice president is president and you tell a story was really an extraordinary moment that happened just before this photo was taken maybe you couldn't share that with us she was any app course of plain words we had placed a casket with president's body she and Dave powers and Ken O'Donnell and one agent dick Johnson and I was in the forward part of the plane trying to make arrangements back in Washington and they were just about there trying to swear him in that's judge standing there in front of Johnson I got word that she wanted to see me and so I came back from the fun part of the plane through the presidential compartment to where she was and she just stood up and reached out her hand and she said Oh what's going to happen to you now mr. Hill she was so much more concerned about my well-being and that of the other agents that were involved that she wanted to make sure we were going to be okay and I told her I'll be okay mrs. Kennedy I'll be okay she hadn't changed clothes yet cleaned up yet and done anything she just was in shock and she was more concerned about us than she was about herself and then you're with her during the funeral all during the funeral it was a story about young John learning how to salute dajun's tried to teach him how to salute at her request because of November 11th 1963 the president was going to go to college and National Cemetery and if you wanted John to go along John loved military love helicopters loved uniforms and she wanted him to learn how to salute so he could pay a tribute to his father and so the agents were trying to get him some salute and they got him to do it pretty good except he wouldn't do his right hand he kept on shooting with his left hand and they just couldn't break him of the habit and the day that the president's body was placed in state up in the US Capitol young John and Caroline were there John became a little rambunctious of the agents took her down took him down the hall to a separate room and while there they thought well what the heck it's keeping busy get him to salute so they were in there getting trying to get him to salute me same old story it was a Marine colonel standing at the doorway he was watching all this stuff he just shook his head you know doing and he came in he said John said that is not the way you do it and he showed him how to salute and I'll be darned it took maybe five minutes for this colonel to teach the kid how to salute with his right hand took the agents six weeks they never did get him to a right she insisted on walking here here behind her recognizes on a later date Matthew's Cathedral behind the caisson and she insisted on walking we all tried to talk her out of it that's agent if you're looking at that picture on the left hand side that agent is Bill Livengood standing there if you ever watch a presidential address of joint session of Congress you see somebody welcomes a mr. speaker the president United States that's the person right there he's a retired agent he's now the in arms the US House of Representatives but she insisted on walking and we tried to talk her out of it but that was to no avail and she had incredible composure oh she much she stood up so well she just so brave she her composure and her ability to do what she did kind of held up the rest of us and you tell a story about later that evening later that evening after everything was over she called she wanted to go back to the cemetery and was she in the attorney general she took a little bouquet of flowers with her she wanted to see the eternal flame at night and to go back and pay her respects privately because if you know was just the mass of people and so that's what we did and she and took her there and she spent over about 10 or 15 minutes at the cemetery that night right after the services there all the heads of state came to the White House and she reeded them and this is on that occasion that Senator Edward Kennedy there it's and your battle Duke with his back to the camera general McHugh on the left-hand side McGeorge Bundy the national security adviser with the glasses over to the right underneath the arch is Nancy Tuckerman who is mrs. Kennedy's social secretary and I'm a in a social aid with white gloves on as myself on the right hand side and so then you were assigned and you remained unheard detail for a year after the assassination she moved yesterday Congress passed the law granting her protection and the protection of the two children until the children became 16 and for her until her life unless she remarried and I was given a responsibility of running that protection and I had to call in a number of people what I'm sitting in the front row John Francis Michael Walsh is a Bostonian from Southie and he stayed with the Kennedy children longer than anybody else he stayed until there were 16 years of age well we had a good group of guys and we had his very difficult time especially the first six weeks because that included Christmas and Thanksgiving and Christmas and Christmas in 1963 was a disaster for myself trying to keep her spirits up and the children you know they they really didn't know what what had happened they were just weren't old enough and to see them going through this Christmas alone was really difficult to handle then it things got a little bit better and it got very active when skiing up in Stowe Vermont went to Antigua that summer in 64 we went back to Italy we did a number of things and then into the world to the World's Fair in New York she and Caroline John didn't go to that but Caroline did and so we kept the children busy and occupied during the interim she would living in I was in Georgetown at first the house that would get donated to be used by ambassador heifer Herman then she bought a house across the street in Georgetown in the same street but the tourist was just terrible and they wouldn't let her leave her alone they the buses were coming every day and she just couldn't tolerate it anymore and she said I'm going to look in New York so he came to New York and sought out a place for her to live and she found it she's Nancy chuckerman and 1040 Fifth Avenue and she moved there in 1964 these were hard dates for you too and as you famously told Mike some sixty minutes I mean you were haunted and felt some responsibility for those events in them but then later you visited Dealey Plaza actually went to the sixth floor museum and resolved things in your own mind we want to talk about that well I've stayed in the service until 1975 and I went I was promoted up I was agent charged a presidential protection agent charge of vice president's protection and eventually assistant director and then retired and I had a real difficult time for a number of years finally in 1990 I started to confront the issue and I went to Dallas and I went to Dealey Plaza spent quite a bit of time there walked the area looked at everything possible went up in the 6th floor where the shooting had occurred from looked at that and I finally came to the conclusion that there was nothing that I could have done that I didn't do and that what happened happened I couldn't have changed it anyway possible it just was one of those things that was completely out of my control so I'll turn now to your question is there anything about mrs. Kennedy of which the public is not generally aware that you would like us to know well other than that you know she was a wonderful lady she very interested in the arts as you all know very concerned about everybody that was around her she's a closet smoker I don't know that and I have lighted that question I was her enabler I I was the guy with the cigarettes and the lighter so you can blame me but that was one of the things she didn't want anybody to really know that she did smoke and that tried to keep it as private as possible we were anybody show up when she had a cigarette she no longer was a smoker I was and she famously and her husband didn't carry much money they never carried anymore was you know one of those things you just accepted if you going to mass when the light came around so did his hand you know and because there's no and she was the same way and she would want something like may she loved to read magazines the scandal sheets especially if they were about her but she didn't want anybody to know that she read and so I bought them you know we just do a lot of things like that that people just don't underst wonderful gal could you comment on the Paris trip and Jacqueline Kennedy's relationship with Charles de Gaulle an excerpt from the new book quotes or is critical of de Gaulle yet other stories describe a reciprocal friendship well I think it was a reciprocal friendship and respect respect for him is a not only the head of France at that time but what he had done during for France during the war and from him to her because of her knowledge and she admitted that she knew more about French history didn't most French people did and they talked about French history while they were together there in 1961 in France and he was very much impressed why is it more difficult to protect the first family now than during your time it's always difficult and I suppose it gets more difficult each and every year because of new things that are developed and new things that happen worldwide then they have more resources to utilize today to protect the president than we had we didn't have armored cars in those days we had the problem of having a protectee in an open car which was their request today they you never see I pray a protectee in an open car but it's more it's got to be more difficult today than it was that I'm sure that was there any special training to assists for handling the children as a Secret Service agent in charge of handling children no there was no special training all of the guys involved had children of their own except one and he had been with the Eisenhower grandchildren previously so there were they had the experience of being around children and they had the right kind of personality I think today if you asked Caroline about those agents that were around her including Jack Walsh she says it you know like Bob Foster when Meredith those guys Paul Landis Tommy Wells L just they were their friends I have a photograph of Carolinas about five years old slapping a bubble from the mouth of an agent as you do a bubble for her to bubble chewing bubble gum I mean that's just the relationship they had it was wonderful but at the same time mrs. Kennedy insisted that there would be absolutely respect on the part of the children for any adults including the agents and if there's any deviation from that she wanted to know it or the president wanted to know it immediately it's a question here but your relationship with her after she left the White House and I thought it might be a good moment for you to tell the story of your going-away party after you have been with her for a year and then you knew you were going to be assigned to November of 1964 it was decided by headquarters that I would be reassigned to the White House detail in Washington was the new President Johnson and so I would be leaving mrs. Kennedy I we were in New York and Nancy Tuckerman was her chief of staff in New York and they decided to throw me a going-away party in New York and so mrs. Kennedy was there and members of the staff or one of the things they presented to me was a poster of a cutout of a profile of a agent with dark glasses and everybody had signed it including mrs. Kennedy including Robert Kennedy other members of Kenny family in the top of the poster said muddy gap Wyoming welcomes its newest citizen because everybody thought I was going to be sent to the hinterlands for sure the question about whether mrs. Kennedy had a sense of humor oh she had a great sense of humor always trying to she pull like to pull practical jokes I have a little we used to have demonstrators up in Hyannis Board of various places and sure had a little one day she droops a picture of some demonstrators with placards and with a note on it mr. Hill see what you can expect the next time you come back to hide his board or something that effect you know she always had a sense of humor she was a great person to be around to enjoy the JFK spend a lot of time with the children as much as he could and his time was limited obviously but whenever he had the opportunity he would be around the children and when he was in the Oval Office they built a little jungle gym type thing out there near the Oval Office and he could seat him out there playing the kids and if you come out there periodically see how they were doing what they were doing he spent as much time with the children as you possibly could well this has been a delightful evening I'd like to end with a letter that Jacqueline Kennedy wrote to Douglas Dillon who was the secretary of the Treasury and over saw the Secret Service and I should also mention that we're joined by two other former Secret Service agents Jack Haggerty and John Connolly were honored to have you and Jack Walsh and this is what mrs. Kennedy wrote to Douglas Dillon our Secret Service detail the children's in mind are such exceptional men you cannot imagine the difference they made in our lives before we came to the White House the thing I dreaded most was the Secret Service how wrong I was it turned out they were the ones who made it possible for us to have the happy clothes life we did by protecting us with such tact devotion and unobtrusive Ness they made our White House years the happy ones they were so let me conclude this evening with four simple words Thank You mr. Hill [Applause]

Channel: JFK Library

Views: 268,075

Keywords: John, F., Kennedy, Presidential, Library, and, Musuem, jacqueline, kennedy, american, history, white, house, politics, secret, service

Id: Ahtrvihf3Ig

Length: 85min 31sec (5131 seconds)

Published: Wed Apr 11 2018