Principles of Management - Lecture 26

Oh God if you also gotta do it a little bit over here okay so we're moving on to the topic of leading leading and from there leadership and leaving and it's what I mean explaining so far is about behavior living is up behavior how to influence behavior how to change behavior okay is why people behave the way they do behave so behavior in text book it's very easy goes in two categories number one is individual individual behavior and individual behavior is what we will cover today and next time chapter 9 and the other one is called groove behave groove behavior in acts chapter 10 and that's where I begin to explain that a lot of times big part the group behavior going to style maybe next week big part of group behaviors called crowd psychology and crowd psychology means people like to do the same as other people do you like to do what other people do or if they do it in a certain way you also do it in the same way and the explanation is as I said herd behavior comes from crowd psychology and the explanation is that as I just mentioned that there is safety in the numbers in our hood we have too many people doing what everyone else does people feel a lot safer ok now this applies to simple things like food if you eat your the same way everybody else's evening you're probably going to be okay and say okay now I do the same thing and that's how we learn foreigners about trying here motorcycle I watch what everyone else does on the road and I do the same thing okay it is actually perfectly logical that we I do what everyone else does here probably my driving will be just as safe as other people's Drive okay and you should expect that local people drive more safely simply because they've been driving here for 10 20 to 30 or 40 years same thing applies for eating wherever your local food is you probably learn over hundreds of years what do we have to eat how to prepare it what's a safe way to prepare it's a safe way to store it so doing what others do is usually safe and it is an important part of what we call survival part the survival in the West is in cowboy movies is you pull out the gun you should first and ask questions later okay you don't want to find the result this is a bad guy not a bad guy now here survival is what I was explaining you may have 20 30 or 50 Birds all crowding together in a curve okay if one word flies out within a tenth of a second all of them why okay because if one third saw there is a threat all of them fly out even if they don't see the threat same thing applies about a lot of animals who eat grass okay and maybe a lion somewhere and only one animal of these hundreds starts running fast the whole third stop running fast it all begin to run in the same direction not in the opposite because we probably young of in the opposite direction is done lying okay so a lot of what determines individual behavior is actually the crew is actually the many people it's actually determined by what we imagine a call for society the culture the culture and cultural norms okay so that's about the group going to be discussing it next time today we focus as much as we can on individuals and individual behavior which is a way and not in a group separate okay people are different so we do discussing you have each person and different psychological characteristics let's see we can get this is not running well first get to see I can get this up and running and get the PowerPoint manage left we're now chapter 9 well can anyone take a look and see and then take a look and see with this PowerPoint doesn't work alright so we continue back over here the subject the subject which studies behavior is called for business for business is called organizational behavior so now you probably can you zoom in a little anyone there organizational behavior so what is behavior behavior is how people act how people respond okay and organizational behaviors how people respond or behave in business for during work so essentially it's about work behavior and that's what we started here in management all right so the actions of people at work all right let's see what we have so section number one we need to discuss what is in general organizational behavior organizational behavior number one looks first and foremost at individual behavior individual behavior isn't the behavior of one single thus how one person behaves so that's one of the key characteristics next you got everybody not yet where's the remote push the computer hero Oh Oh all right let's try to focus a little bit self focus okay and then by the focus and goals of organizational behavior already began talking about the second part is explain how attitudes play John in performance so we're going to be studying extensively attitudes what is an attitude how it works and all the other things how it affects individual behavior and then this has personality here is we people are different they're different types of personalities and let's see what else we got perception discuss what is perception how perception effects okay we'll also need someone another system who's going to be using the dictionary and translate these words for you know what these words mean also this has learning theories how people learn why people learn the way people okay what is good for learning what is bad for learning and finally a result is always in every other chapter how contemporary issues you probably notice that every chapters got good temporary issues and Oh be standing for organizational behavior all right so identify the focus in blows of boredom so this whole chapter is about organizational behavior in organizational behavior is now a major field of man it's a subject it's a discipline maybe you will have a separate course in organizational behavior I don't know that but here is just one chapter we're going to go through the basics and the basics is entirely on psychology psychology so you have the organization and organization in any business and therefore in any behavior you have aspects aspects or points which we can see with all these visible aspects it also have hidden aspects visible aspects are things which you can see and observe a business you can see and observe the strategist of a business strategist of a business now discussing what we did a little while ago about a business we talked about crowd psychology and doing like what everyone else is doing is the opposite of competitive advantage which was studied before in a competitive advantage you are different you are better you offer some product which is either cheaper or somehow more attractive in a crowd or if you do like everyone in everybody else you don't have competitive event you can't do well you can't perform you do as bad as everyone else is doing so strategies help of business be better it be different in doing what era was like everyone else is a bad strategy in business next one you see a visible stuff like objective you already discard businesses have objectives to grow to make more money or wherever those might be you also see the policies can also see the procedures how a restaurant is working how they cook the food halli that deliver all this stuff is easy to see you can see the structure even if you're not in the business you can come from outside you can easily see who's the boss me when I walk in a restaurant it's quick it's easy to see who's the boss and it's easy to see who's running to show who's running the middle you can see the college also very keys you can see who's the big boss who's the small boss now as you can see the formal arted and you can see the chain of command these are the things it's easy to see now today we're going to focus on the things that you don't see easy little course we cover already these in previous chapters you have given tasks like attitude are workers motivated today like their job do they wanna do their job well do they enjoy their job today that's the job bring them satisfaction or is it just a job when you say Oh job means well you don't care about job just go there to get some money okay and it doesn't matter what the job is okay so people got attitudes those who have perceptions didn't perceive the job was good maybe perceive it as bad oh they they perceive their boss is a nice guy but they may perceive him as an like a bad guy okay so people perceive things differently well how will they perceive the customer okay I was giving you an example I was giving you an example where in Bulgaria behind these younger girls who can't do anything to sit in the shop okay but it sit in front of the shop they smoke a cigarette okay they drinking coffee and then talk with their neighbor the girl who takes care of the next shop okay and when the customer comes they get to hate the customer because they got to leave their coffee they gotta leave their cigarette go back in the shop serve their customer so the customer is like the muse of you just bothering them I mean they're having a good time and they gotta go in that conserve that you know they make they were listening to some music maybe or watching movie on the whole hour on a laptop and it suddenly they got to serve the customer all right plus you get almost the same money anyway so why bother to take care of the customer so all of these are different perceptions and attitudes your two o'clock the group norm is how people behave in a group you behave the way that other people usually would behave okay you do what others usually do and the group lore is different from crowd behavior this nor is considered which is something acceptable which is something good which is okay to do so route progress how people behave in a group but in a sense this is what's accepted what's normal what's okay fine next one we have informal interactions for any kind of business employees will interact informally they will strike friendships that have relationships which are outside the job position in our friendship because people need friends because people want to have okay because friends help each other okay because it's better to have a friend to be with a friend okay and that's what many of you do with you to sit together your friends you study together you spend time together and it applies for almost any other pair or triple or maybe four or five people so friendship is important in work but business and we differentiate in this we have informal interactions and informal friendship also important but Sheila it's not easy to see and it had interpersonal and intergroup conflicts in any kind of work in any kind of business you got conflicts people arguing whether it's about a better job about the better office about more money about vacation time they always have they always have certain comfort you always have certain difficulties in happen between people and also between groups in university university any universe there are two types of groups of people working there one is the faculty which is the professor's and the other one is the administration and usually you will always have some sort of a conflict between faculty professors and administration's administrators and bureaucrats so whenever you have different groups you should expect the conflicts okay now here's another level conflict the milk contents are a group in here which is between locals and foreigners okay so foreigners come different country no so you will have different groups and possibly conflict - possibly not necessary it doesn't have to be that way so these are things that do happen but are not very easy to see all right let's see what else we have so first of all what is and what are the goals of organizational behavior the fundamental goal is simple you predict how people behave you forecast how they behave and based on your prediction you try to change their behavior in a way you wanna change okay in a way you would like them to work so individual behavior affects employee productivity very very important businesses run on output and productivity high productivity means two things better salaries for employees and better profits for the business we call these return salaries our return on labor and profit our return on capital higher productivity means better return for both labor and work kappa so productivity is fundamental for higher wages and for higher profits for any business another big problem which I discussed last time is absenteeism as ISM people who come to work okay they don't come to work sometimes they don't feel like going to work okay ah today I don't feel like going to work this is what we discussed last time the problem of discipline some workers are simply not this okay they do what they they want to mark they goes where they don't like to work at overwork so absolutely ISM is a problem it may come in another form and getting last time in the example of yeah I had a party all the way till four five o'clock they got drunk okay they wake up at eight o'clock they still have the hangover and they just call the bus and cause I don't feel good I'm sick today I'm going to stay at home data Thanks between these things I don't know do they have to go up here but it generally happen in different workplaces and absenteeism could be also problem because someone is just sick honestly sick they have a big health problem and they gotta go to the doctor over for different issues so absenteeism is a major problem and you need or we use organizational behavior to explain absenteeism to explain why people don't have to work but also the main goal is to lower absenteeism in other words you want people to come more regularly to work and on time not coming late 10 minutes 20 minutes 30 minutes and so on right another fundamental goal of organizational behavior is to understand and to understand why they leave their job why they quit too many people clicking their job leads to turnover in turnover is the number of people who leave the job for one year or the percentage of people who leave the job for one year so high turnover is really bad for the business Walter a number is generally very good for business so businesses would like to keep as many employees as long as possible and to lose as you employ as possible if you think in terms of a restaurant you don't want every two weeks to have a new waitress and then after two weeks or after a month the waitress leaves we got to try to find another because turnover is costly turnover is expensive and lowers business profits turnover is bad for business next one you'll have organizational citizenship behavior yeah some management talk basically some employees feel that they are part of the organization they are willing to work for it they're willing to sacrifice for it okay that Square comes the most common problem with foreigners employees for example like me I'm not saying that kind of person but foreigners don't feel the work to be part of their family don't they don't feel like they're part of the business they come they weren't for a year two three four years and then they're gone gone now on the other hand the lows expect to stay on the job for 10 years hoping for years only for 30 years the logos expect to make a career to go one level up in a second level up and soon enough to become a Dean and have a very high position so you want to find out why employees don't feel the work place like home and are not willing to sacrifice as much for work they come to job and they leave the job they don't care too much about the institution or the organization they don't care much about the business well you want employees to care about the business and to care eventually about the customer part of organizational behavior is job satisfaction and you want employees the satisfied and you need them to be satisfied and good job satisfaction usually means better working employees better productivity so better job satisfaction translates into better employee productivity better profits and better job satisfaction means lower turnover and again lower cost to higher and lower cost o training people so job satisfaction is very important part you want people and employees to be happy they want them to be satisfied if they happy and satisfied they will care more about the business and they will be willing to sacrifice more if they have to and violently you want organizational behavior to explain workplace misbehavior misbehavior could be playing music okay or trying to annoy other workers trying to make them angry okay or it could be making bad jokes or if you're just talking of the mobile or on the phone real loud okay so misbehavior could have hundreds of different forms and you basically want to lower misbehavior you want to reduce it I mean you cannot eliminate really try to lower this behavior okay you want them to work okay but you want to have a nice good proper work environment so these are all the goals related and associated with organizational behavior let's see what else we have here section one done Session two attitudes someone with a dictionary like that right what is an attitude in Thai language can you transfer attitude you're bad alright so key aptitudes trick this one I just mentioned was job satisfaction very very important our employees satisfied our and a half and from that one comes the next one job involvement this is what I was explaining two minutes ago when I was talking about foreign employees and local employees a local employee will be very involved in the job usually they will like the job they will participate in everything possible and foreign employees are not always very involved they're not going to be very active they're not going to be very energetic it won't be easier to do a whole bunch of other things besides the minimum amount of work that I have to do so being involved is actually important to build and maintain the integrity of the organization okay and if you want employees to be involved and set part of involvement or even bigger is organizational commitment and the commitment means readiness and willingness to sacrifice for the organization that's also what it means to be committed in a relationship and to be committed in a marriage you go through difficulty and commitment is you're willing and ready to go through the difficulty to work out the problems in the marriage or work out the problems in the business so commitment means sacrifice and willingness to sacrifice in this case for the business and for the organization and that's what makes the big difference is commitment when it's necessary you can expect in the Nabal work that they will provide that's especially important that's especially important maintain the tourist business during the high season we're getting too many tourists too much business you get too high okay it's too intense everyone's tired that's what you really want them to be committed okay and the last one which is very similar to involvement is employees engagement we haven't figured out the exact difference between the involvement and engagement it is basically the employees connection to the job and enthusiasts enthusiasm about the job are they really enthused guests are they either are they happy are they in when they wake up are they ready to go to work do they like their job and say okay go do this and do that all right or they just don't really care about it's just a job okay so these are all important characteristics and attitudes which relate to job performance and when we say performance the best measure of performance is productivity productivity let's see what else we have here Florent we move on to something which is very tricky and all yeah you can live really is the inference between attitudes and behavior attributes and some attitudes is what you think attitude is what you actually think and behavior is what you actually do so it's a difference let's call it between mind and body okay and people are experience cognitive dissonance now the best example which I have been saying for many government us Hel's people and you're told mommy supposed to be good-looking everywhere you're no job you're proud your neighbor is unemployed so much what you see is if you guys came here you can't just come up here plan Clinton's face because it's getting noisy so dishonest is also difference between what you hear and what you see okay that's also cognitive difference between what people think and what people do then let's say you see what else we have now when when people have cognitive dissonance they feel uncomfortable here on life cognitive dissonance they don't like that there is a difference between what they see and what they do and so this is that the the dissonance so vigorous difference okay so it will narrow the difference and difference is very important okay and understanding sorry so I gotta continue really safe all right so first of all here it is very right

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Length: 37min 13sec (2233 seconds)

Published: Tue Aug 06 2013