Hey guys welcome to another episode of
Grad Coach TV where we demystify the ivory tower world of academia and show
you how to work smart and earn the big marks. My name is Derek and in this video
we're gonna be looking at how to write a literature review - and most
importantly how to do that in three pretty straightforward simple steps. Now
this video is based on our free dissertation 101 ebook, which
you can download at the Grad Coach website. I'll put the link to that below
this video. So without any delay let's get right into it. Now, before we jump
into how to write a literature review, it's really important to step back and
ask what is the function, what is the why of a literature review. If we understand
the why then the how becomes a lot simpler, and the what becomes a lot simpler. So let's talk about some of the most important functions of the literature
review. So step one, or function number one of the literature review is for you
to demonstrate that you have a solid understanding of the literature, and the
research the state of research around your research questions. so your research
is going to be on a certain topic and the starting point for your discussion
there is to show that whatever your research question is, whatever the the
aim of your research is, you need to demonstrate that you know what has
already been done. Academic writing is about standing on the shoulders of
giants and so you need to show who were the giants, who were the people that have
done this research before, what have they said, what is the state of the argument.
So that's really function number one and and arguably it's the most important
function. So let's look at function number two. Function number two, the
second why of a literature review, is for you, from that basis of literature to
show that there is a gap. To show that there is a need for your specific
research. so if you're doing masters are you doing PhD research regardless of the
level that you're at there's some requirement for originality. Generally
universities don't want you to research something that's been done a million times,
because what's the purpose of that. So what the literature review serves to do
is for you to go and do the work and to figure out where are the gaps in the
literature, where are the gaps in the research, how can I take a unique angle
and something that's not been done before, hopefully not done to death
but, how can I take a unique angle in terms of context or in terms of a
specific specific country a specific environment etc. So the second
function of your literature review and of you just reviewing the literature the
actual act of reviewing it, is for you to establish that clear clear clear need
for your research. Now, the third function is not necessarily relevant to everyone,
but for those of you who are planning to build a theoretical model or conceptual
model, conceptual framework the literature review is the basis of that.
So what you would then be doing is taking the various theories the various
pieces of research that have been undertaken in the past and building some
sort of conceptual model that you would then go on to test and to validate.
Perhaps not relevant to everyone but that is an important function if you are
doing any sort of quantitative validation testing etc. The fourth
important function of the literature review is for you to have a foundation
or to build a foundation of methodology. So what I mean by this is when you are
reviewing all the literature in your space that is relevant to your research
question your research aims, what you're going to find naturally is you're going
to get exposure to all the various studies that have been done and you're
going to see what methodologies they use. Did they use qualitative, did they use
quantitative, if they used quantitative, did they have well-validated, well
tested question sets, did they publish questionnaires etc. So the
literature review gives you an opportunity to really dig into what's
already been done and to build on that. Very often if you're doing surveys, you
can find through your literature review you can find good question sets, you can
find a good set of scales that have decent
Cronbach's alphas and so forth. If this language doesn't make any sense, don't
stress we'll get to it in another video. The point is that a very important
function of the literature review is for you to get some inspiration, to get some
insights and perhaps even some useful practical tools and takeaways to inform
your methodology. So those are the four important functions of the literature review
and the first two are really what you need to keep in mind. In other words,
showing that you understand what you're talking about, showing that you're not
just coming in and trying to reinvent the wheel, show that you have read the
literature that is relevant to your specific problem and then of course show
that the angle you're gonna take is is actually original, is somehow unique and
somehow warranted in terms of going out and doing the research. So let's not harp
on about this anymore. Let's jump into the three steps of how to write your
literature review. Alright, so on to step one of how to write your literature
review. Step one is really no surprise. Step one is to go out and find the relevant
research. This probably sounds pretty obvious but you'll be surprised how some people
approach this. So step one is go out there and do the digging. Get out and
find the research. Now if you've already done your proposal and that's been
accepted then chances are you've got some sort of foundation of core
literature already, but nevertheless even though your proposal has been accepted,
your university and your supervisor will expect that you go on and do more review,
deeper review of what's the relevant literature. So in this section, we're
going to talk about four pretty useful tactics to go out and find the relevant
literature. This part of the process can really take a lot of time. If you don't
have the right approach to going out and hunting you can waste a lot of time
going down dead ends and really no one wants to do that. This
is a big project and you want to get through the literature as quickly as
possible. So yeah, I'll talk about four techniques / four methods to find the
literature find the relevant research that's out there. Sso let's have a look at
that. Method number one of finding the
literature is what we call Google Scholar scrubbing and really there's
nothing to this. You probably already are familiar with Google Scholar. If you're
not, you can check it out at scholar.google.com. Google Scholar is
just a search engine for academic material, much like Google is a search
engine for the rest of the Internet. So Google Scholar is really a powerful
search engine it's using Google's technology and so in terms of finding
material that is super relevant to whatever keywords whatever focal topic
you're you're looking at, you can't beat google scholar. Google Scholar is
really great for getting that initial idea of what is the literature that's
out there. What also makes Google Scholar really awesome is that they show the
citation data. In other words, how often has any particular article journal
article been cited. So this gives you a good idea of the authority and the
credibility of any given article. If there are specific requirements from
your university in terms of the credibility of the the content that
you're citing, then you should definitely be paying very good attention to how
many times each of these articles has been cited. So, step one is get into
Google Scholar and just search for any possible relevant keyword and have a dig
through all of the articles that are there. A good way to figure out what's
relevant is to open the articles that that seem relevant in
terms of their title and have a look at the abstract. Having a quick read
through that that will give you a decent idea of whether or not this is something
that that suits you, or that fits within your research aims and objectives. What you will find when you use Google Scholar is that some articles are
totally free to access - you click the link and open sesame - there it is. It's accessible. But a lot of them you'll find are behind
some sort of pay wall, so you're going to run into that wall quite often - you might
get lucky and you might find that everything you need is free and openly
accessible, but you're likely going to run into a lot of dead ends in terms of
hitting the journals where you have to pay, you have to log in etc. Don't
worry about that at this point. What you want to do is you just want to take down
the titles of all of these articles. If you can download anything for free, go
for it and download it, but what you're going to do is take down these
titles. Take them down exactly as you see them, including the author name date etc,
and then head on over to method number two, which is your university database or
your university library. Every university will generally give you
access to their licensed set of content and this is usually quite broad, so most
often what you'll find is that you're going to find a lot of content on Google
Scholar method number one and you're going to bring that to method number two
you're gonna go and copy/paste that title exactly as you found it in Google
Scholar. You go and copy paste that into your universities search engine and then
most often you'll find that there you'll be able to access it there. If you can't,
you might want to shoot an email over to your institution and just ask them if
there is any way that we could get access to to this article. What is really
important when you use method number two, in other words your universities
database, is that you copy paste the article title exactly as you see it.
The reason I say this is that unlike Google Scholar, the university databases
and the university search engines are usually pretty basic, pretty
rudimentary in terms of the technology they're using - so if you don't put the
title in exactly as they have it in the article, there's a good chance that your
one word out and you're just going to totally miss the results that you need.
It's going to look like they don't exist. So make sure that you copy/paste it
what is being shown. So that's method number two. Method number one
Google Scholar method number two go hand-in-hand very well so let's take a
look at method number three. Method number three is what we call snowballing. Snowballing is really really effective once you find a few core articles that
are super super relevant to your topic. So what snowballing is that you download
two or three articles that are hyper relevant to whatever your
research questions are, whatever your research aims are, whatever the focus of
your research is. You get those three articles and go to the end of those three
articles, As always, as in any journal article, there will be a list of
references at the end. This is usually just completely ignored or even
not even printed out by students but really, this is the gold mine, because this
is showing you everything that that article that article that was super
relevant to you it's showing you everything that that's built on. In other
words all the sources for you to go and unpack the foundations of that article.
So what you do with those two or three core articles is you pay very close
attention to the articles that they are referencing, you go and find those using
Google Scholar or your your university's database, and you read through those. You
see whether they're relevant. If they are relevant, you do the same thing - you go to
their reference list and you dig through those references and you're going to
find a snowball effect where you're just picking up more and more and more
and more and more and you're going to eventually end up with a wealth of
highly relevant articles. Generally what you'll find is as you snowball further
and further, the article references might start getting older and older and older
because naturally articles are built on articles over time. So it is
something to be aware of that you might find that you you start running into
very old territory - so just be aware of that. Right, the final method for hunting
down relevant resources, hunting down relevant articles, is pretty
straightforward. That is to have a look at other
people's dissertations that are related to your topic. Ideally you want to be
looking at dissertations from your own institution, but realistically you're
probably not going to find too many articles or too many dissertations about
your exact topic or that link to your topic within your own institution unless
it's a really big institution. So you're probably gonna have to look at other
people's dissertations from other countries or from other
universities, etc etc. The good news is it doesn't really matter too much, because
at this point all you're looking for is sources. You're not looking for
inspiration about how they laid out their dissertation, how they how they
connected various parts. All you're looking for is sources that are relevant
to your research topic. So other peoples' dissertations are a great place to look
because obviously they've been in a similar situation and they've gone and done the work that you're currently doing. There are various
databases that you can look at in addition to your own school's database. EBSCO Host, ProQuest, etc - there's quite a few of them.
What I'll do is include some links to the main ones below this video. So you
can just check below this video and you can jump through to those. Dissertations
generally are easy to access, free to access, obviously people are not charging
money for them - so that is a great way to to quickly look at other people's
literature reviews that were in a similar space. A big word of warning
through all of this is you are dealing with students work - so you don't know
whether that student got a good mark, you don't know that they got a bad mark. All
you know is that they passed. So do be careful when you're using this method. Do
use common sense and don't rely too heavily on anyone's dissertation.
Nevertheless use it as a starting point for finding relevant articles. So those
are the three methods for finding the literature. Step one is the
most important step - you can't do anything until you have gone and done the digging.
So many students avoid the digging. It's hard work, it's painful, it's slow. But as I say the smart way to approach this is use
the combination of the methods that I've spoken about and don't go and read full
articles - just read the abstract. If the abstract doesn't tell you enough, look at
the introduction and the conclusion of any given article and that should give
you a feel for if its relevant or isn't relevant. So that's pretty much
step one in a nutshell - find the literature. So let's jump on to
step two. Step two of how to write your literature review is that you now need
to log, catalog and synthesize the literature. So, three important functions
and they're essential as a next step. Now I'm presenting this as step one and then
step two - it's not necessarily sequential. What you'll often do is you will find a
wholle lot of literature in step one, you'll start logging and cataloging and
synthesizing it - and then some new thoughts will come up and you'll
potentially go back to step one, start looking for more literature. So it might be a more iterative approach, in fact, it should be a more iterative
approach - but I'm trying to simplify the process here and saying that step two is
logging and cataloging and synthesizing the literature. So let's dig into step
two - what do we mean by logging cataloging and synthesizing the
literature? So step one is logging the reference information. Logging is really
a simple activity and all it means is you've gone and dug up a whole lot of
articles - some of which are relevant, some which aren't - and you can throw them out.
But you've gone and gathered all of these articles and the most important
thing to do right up front now is to go and put that into your reference
management software. Now if you're not using a reference manager like Mendeley
or Zotero or something like that, now is the time to learn how to use one,
because you're just never going to manage your references any other way for a good dissertation or thesis. We do have videos on on both of those
pieces of software - I'll include the links below video. So step one is go and log all your information. What you'll find with a lot
of pieces of software, specifically Mendeley (which you can check out that
video on this channel) is there is a good deal of synchronizing and easy
importing from the likes of Google Scholar or the likes of your university
database. You can pretty easily import those references directly into Mendeley,
so you don't need to physically go and type everything out. If you are doing
importing, I would recommend you just run over it and check all the data that's
been imported. Make sure that it makes sense. Sometimes there can be small errors. Sometimes they can be typos in the reference data, but overall the import
tends to work pretty well. So step one, get all that data into your reference
manager, even if stuff doesn't look particularly relevant right now, put it
in because it's just gonna save you time later. You don't need to go back and
forth so as you find content. Dump it into your reference manager and then
it's there. When it comes time to actually cite it it's as simple as just
entering in the title and clicking drag and drop and boom it's in your word
document. So step 1 is to log all your data or log all your references or your journal
articles into your reference manager. Step 2 is cataloguing your information. So this is again really really important -
arguably even more important than step one. You're going to through this process
you're going to build up a huge wealth of literature and it's tempting in the
beginning to think that you are gonna remember what everything was called.
You're gonna remember that point that that guy made over there, that framework
that someone did that was super relevant or maybe not so relevant. It's tempting
to think that you're gonna remember all the stuff and in reality you're not -
simply not. As you build out more and more and more and more it's just going
to become a haze of information and yeah you'll start remembering certain
author's names and surnames and whatnot, but in reality there's no way you can
navigate this. If you if you're doing a good literature review, you're
probably working with a hundred, 200, who knows how many different references or
sources and and you're just not gonna remember them. So what becomes really
important is to build a catalog. I recommend building a catalog in Excel -
we've got a free template that you can download from the Grad Coach website
I'll include that link below this video. Whether you use that or not,
you need some sort of database of all of your articles and what that database
needs to be it's not particularly sophisticated, but it needs to be something that includes for every for every article
needs to include: the author, the date the title, obviously their core
information and some sort of summary about what the article is about. Some
sort of summary about the key points, the the key insights in relation to your
topic. Perhaps some summary of methodological components or suggestions or assets that you could use and just any other notes about each article. What you ideally want is for that to be split up over as many columns. In
other words, to have as granular data as possible so that you can go and you can
sort and you can filter. So that you can sort for example by a certain time
period because your literature review might be in in time order (we'll talk
about that next). You want to be able to sort by key topics. So I usually
recommend putting some keywords. For each article, you want to be able to sort
by key variables - for example if you're doing a quantitative study and you're
testing the the relevance of certain variables, you want to be able to go
quickly in Excel just filter out and see who was it that spoke about this
variable having an impact on on X or Y. So you want to get down to as much
detail as possible there so that when you come to a point where you have 100,
200, 300 different sources, you can just quickly run through that and that
becomes super super important when you're writing you're finally writing up
your literature review, because you don't want to have to go and say okay who was
it who were all of the people that spoke about this. You just want to go into
Excel. and say okay, this variable here - just say we're talking about a
specific variable that contributes towards trust. Hypothetically let's say
competence is that variable. Who were all of the articles or all of the authors
that spoke about trust that spoke about competence being an antecedent of trust
for example. Then Excel will just go boom and you know these were the five authors. Then you can very quickly go and put together a really chunky piece in your
literature review saying these people these people these people these people
spoke about it and they had a slightly different angle. So this is super
super important and it's something that students tend to rush past because it
feels like you're just doing double work having to build a catalog and and put
all that detail in there and then still having to go and write about it, but trust
me literature reviews take time and over time you're not gonna remember who
said what. So very importantly, use the catalog and as I say, if you don't want
to build your own one there's a free one you can download from the Grad Coach
website. Whatever you do, build a catalog. Right let's get on to
step three. Naturally step three is to digest all
of this content and to synthesize it in your mind. So far you've gone and logged
all your data into your reference manager. You've gone and cataloged the
stuff into Excel, but it's tempting to think okay well we've got it all ,it's
all there now let's just write up. But you've got
to take a step back and you've got to really spend your time synthesizing all
of this information in your head thinking about how does it all fit
together. This is an important step and it's not one that I can give you too
much prescription on. It's not one that I can give you too much advice about. You've gotta spend time in your literature. You've got to spend time thinking about how the research questions that you're asking are being answered by the current
theory, by the current literature, the current research. How do all of these
pieces fit together. Who is agreeing about what. What are people disagreeing
about. How does everything fit together and what narrative am I going to write about.
This is why it's really important to give some thought to how it all comes
together and piece it together in your mind. Start thinking about the arguments
that you want to develop in your literature review. Spend some time taking a step back, because up until now everything you've done has been very
very focused on this article and then this article and then this article in
this article. What what happens while you're doing that is that you
start thinking in silos. So you want to take a
step back from all of that and you want to say okay, how does it all fit together.
If I were to give a speech on all that has been said, how could I combine
that into something that's cohesive and how can I combine that into a narrative -
because that's what you're going to be doing in your literature review chapter.
So take a step back - think about what is going on. This is not something
that you'll do in one session - you're probably going to do it over a good few
days perhaps a few weeks. What I'd recommend is to use some sort of visual
aid. Everyone is different but I find that visual aids are super useful. What I mean by that is spend some time mind mapping all of these bits and
pieces that you've got. You can use mind mapping software like Freemind or any
of the hundreds of apps that are available - or my preference is a nice big
whiteboard and a marker and just free handing it and connecting this idea to that idea to that idea and raising new
questions. Just putting it all down in a visual format trying to bring all
of the stuff together visually for me works well because I can just keep track
of everything that's being said as opposed to trying to keep it in my mind.
Do whatever works for you - perhaps it's just sitting down and making notes,
perhaps it's drawing up mind maps. Whatever you do don't rush into writing up because what you're gonna do is you're gonna rush in and
you're gonna write you're gonna write a decent literature review (because all the
contents fresh in your mind) but you're gonna fail to see how the things fit
together and that means synthesizing all of this content. If you fail to see
that, you're really not gonna have a strong piece of literature or a strong a
strong literature review, because outsiders will be able to step in, take a
zoomed out perspective and ask what about this, why didn't he talk about this. The reason you didn't talk about that is because you were so narrowly
focused in on these key variables that you didn't take a step back and think
about how it all fits together. I know I'm harping on about this but take the time to step back and digest and then synthesize all of the information that's
in front of you. So that is step two of the literature review process. Log it
catalog it and then step back and synthesize all of this in your mind into
some sort of big picture view. Right step two is done - let's move on to step three. Right - finally on to step three: outlining
and writing up. Finally we're gonna get writing. Right, so it's really important
to notice that I said two things there: one outlining two writing up. Don't write
up before your outline. I know it's really tempting at this stage you've
gone through all of these steps before you've gone through all of the process
and you just say "I just want to get writing! I just want to get my thoughts
down onto paper! I just want to get some sort of tangible product
that I can give to my supervisor give to my committee!". I understand, I understand
but trust me, the first step is outlining. Outlining can mean going back to
your whiteboard and again doing things visually, or it can just be a Word
document with the set of bullet points. Whatever your preference is the most
important thing is to figure out how you're going to structure your
discussion upfront. If you don't spend that time, what you're going to do
is gonna get writing and you're gonna say a
lot, but it's not necessarily going to be conveying things in a an optimized
fashion. It's not going to be necessarily conveying things in a way that is easy
for a first-time reader to understand and it is really important that you take
the time to communicate well, because you've done all this work. It's very
easy for a student who knows their literature inside-out to do a poor job
of communicating that on paper and and that's obviously very sad because
they've done the work, they've put in the effort but they just didn't communicated
well on paper. So let me not harp on - the point is spend some time outlining how
you're going to approach your dissertation or how you're going to
approach your literature review first. There are, broadly speaking, two ways that you can structure a literature review. One is chronologically - so just structuring it based on how the
narrative is developed over time. That's suitable for some topics, for
some research questions etc. Another way to structure it is thematically. Very often if you are looking at antecedents/drivers/causes of X or
contributors to X, a nice way to structure it is per antecedent or per
group of drivers, so that there's driver number one, driver number two, driver
number 3, driver number four, and how all of these things contribute to a certain
outcome. How are you gonna structure your your literature review is is really
down to two each person. I can't really recommend how you do that in this sort
of video. If you're unsure, you're more than welcome to book a free consultation with
one of our Grad Coach guides and they can probably give you some good advice
in that respect. Regardless of what your structure is going to be, make sure that
you're outlining everything first. Have a clear outline on paper. Obviously you're
not going to stick to this 100%. You might take a turn once you start writing -
that's absolutely fine. But have something that you start with. Have a
clear idea of how you're going to develop a narrative before you start writing. Don't fall into the trap of just running off and writing
up five thousand, ten thousand words, with lots of information, but not a
clear narrative - because the narrative is what wins. Having a clear line of
argument that builds a plus B plus C plus D equals whatever outcome - that is
the most important thing in terms of communicating what you have. So step one - outline - then step two is time to write it up. In terms of writing up, I can't give you really too much advice on this but I can say that there is a very
very important thing to keep in mind when you're writing up. That is that
on your first literature review draft, perfection is not the objective. I'm gonna say that again
because this is so so important to just getting things down on paper.
Don't try go for perfect. Perfect is the wrong objective at this stage. A really good mantra to work with is "done is better than perfect". What you're
trying to do in your first draft of your literature review (and really your first
draft of anything in your dissertation or thesis) is to just get the rough
content down. You've already got an outline, so whatever you put down is
gonna be a reasonably decent narrative. Don't get stuck on conveying points
in the best possible fashion. Don't get stuck in trying to create this perfectly
smooth argument and smooth narrative on first draft of the literature review. Rather just get everything down onto paper for version one. Then what you do
once you've done that is you go back. I would suggest once you've dumped everything onto paper, I would just take a day or two step away
from it. Just clear your mind get away from the literature because your mind will be foggy about this point in time. Then come back and have a read
through and do rough edits to improve the flow from one section to another, to strengthen certain points, to
improve the prominence of some certain component that everything hinges
on. Tighten it up, basically. Then what I would suggest you do is give your
literature review to a friend or a family member or someone who cares
enough to actually read it. Ask them to have a read through. Don't give them
too much information. Ask them to have a read through and to just give you some
feedback. Did they understand it? Did they find it interesting to read? Did it make any sense? A good way of judging whether or not you
got your key points of across is to ask them to explain the the literature
review back to you. Obviously not in great detail but ask them to just
give you a bit of a summary of what was it all about. What you'll see when
you get that feedback from someone who's completely fresh, someone who
hasn't been in the thick of all this literature and the thick of your
research topic and the thick of of a dissertation or thesis. What you'll get
is a very clear indication of what points stuck, what points were clear and
what points were not clear. So that's super super useful feedback and this is
where I say if you're gonna get a friend to look at your content, don't give them
all of the information upfront. Don't don't give them a warm up. Just give them
your document. If there's some technical jargon that you need to
explain, maybe you want to explain your research questions that would be a good
start so at least they understand what you're trying to achieve - but don't give them
the mini version. Give them your literature review and ask them to have a read of it. Whatever they tell you in response, whatever they give back to you
when you ask them to explain it, that's going to give you a very good view
of what points were strong which points were clear, which arguments really
need some some propping up. So I would do that, then obviously do an edit after
that, maybe maybe have a few friends that could give you feedback. The
more the merrier. Once you've got that feedback, once you see what's
lacking, do another tightening up of your document at that point and then it's
probably a good idea to send it off to your supervisor and get some feedback
from them. You can also work with one of our Research Specialists at
Grad Coach and they can give you an in-depth critique before you send it off
to your supervisor. That's up to every student. What is beneficial if you work
with a professional beforehand is that they will iron out all the the
straightforward issues or the all the basic issues and what that does is it
clears up your your supervisors plate so that they can really focus on key issues,
as opposed to fairly rudimentary things. It's up to you how you want to
work that, but whatever you do, get that that pretty tightened up document over
to your supervisor and get the feedback from them before you go tighten it up any further. That is pretty important and depending on your
university, you might have multiple review sessions with your supervisor, you
might only have one. You've got to figure out how best you to utilize that
resource of supervision and feedback. Do you pay a lot of attention to
whatever feedback they give you because very often the supervisor is the first
marker and so you want to be satisfying whatever requests they're putting in. So
that is step three - as I say really important to outline, then get writing
but when you're writing remember that done is better than perfect.
Don't get stuck in trying to make things 100% the first
time around. Just get your thoughts down onto paper and then tighten up, tighten
up, tighten up, give to a friend, give to someone at Grad Coach, give to your
research supervisor and tighten up tighten up, through the process. But don't
try to write the perfect literature review the first time because you're just gonna get stuck,
you're just gonna get writer's block and you're never going to finish this thing. So there you have it - those are the three
steps of how to write a literature review. Really no rocket science -
this is all pretty straightforward stuff, but as I'm sure you've noticed there are some key points to remember as you progress through this whole literature
review process. To recap: start with why. Start with understanding what is a
literature review all about. What is the purpose of the literature review. Then
get on to going and digging up content and I shared with you a good few
techniques there and there's some links below this video to help you with that.
Find your content and step two, log that stuff straight into your reference
manager, catalog it into a detailed Excel spreadsheet. If you remember, we
have a free one that you can use - link below this video as always - and then
spend the time synthesizing all of it in your mind, perhaps on a whiteboard. Then
step three, finally get to the writing but before you write, outline your
argument outline - how you're going to structure this chapter and then get
writing and don't worry about perfection. Get your arguments down on paper. Three
pretty straightforward steps to write a literature review. One last thing to say
before we go - if you have any questions about your dissertation, thesis,
literature review or any components of the research process, you are most welcome to drop us an email and we'll do our best to give you an answer if we can. Our
email address is hello@grad.coach you can also book a free consultation
with one of our Research Specialists. we have
a group of really really experienced and skilled PhD qualified research
specialists that help students like you every day with their research and you're
more than welcome to grab a free consultation with them. Again I'll put
the link below this video. If you enjoyed the video, please give us a like please
give us a thumbs up, share it with your friends, subscribe to our YouTube channel -
whatever works for you. More than anything we hope we provided you with
some value in this video. So for today or at least for this video, this is Grad
Coach signing out!
