Nina Teicholz at the 2018 KetoFest in New London CT

[Music] it's great to be here I'm so pressed by what Karl and Richard those two crazy keto dudes have done to pull this all together and to build this community not just this community but to see its fawning all over it's really just a tremendous accomplishment and I'm so happy for them so I don't know how many of you know I mean I wrote a book and I might add the rabbit hole that I really went down was about saturated fat good fat fat fat low-fat nonfat you know the whole story about fat that we seem to have gotten just completely upside down and backwards and that's what I wrote my book around about and so I just want to get a sense of what people think about saturated fat out Harry that's kind of fat that you find in me in butter and cheese but also coconut oil palm well how many people here think that saturated fat causes heart disease [Laughter] I'm gonna think that that genocide causes obesity because how many people think that saturated fat elevates your performance such that you do never procrastinate anymore until - I'm doing this presentation getting it ready so you're just gonna have to be patient with me if something goes wrong because I still procrastinate so but I also I said for this presentation I know a lot of you already really know the basics of this story about saturated fat Ancel keys the sonne country study and I am gonna cover some of those basics but I'm also going into some mid EDD a gritty detail mmm pork sends some insider stuff for people who sort of you know graduated to the next level so hopefully there'll be something in here for everyone and and you can look up come your iPhone's when you hear the interesting stuff if you're for the basics and I'm sure mr. bass guy will start playing his bass to let me know if I'm getting too boring okay so let's see my disclosure I do not receive any industry support of any kind despite various attempts to say that I work for the meat industry I don't receive any industry support from any any industry group for anything at all my book so um so I'm not a saturated fat magnet all right so so the first thing I want to talk about in little minutes just to make it clear about sort of saturated fat versus the low fat diet right I think that the the low fat diet the idea that all fats were gods for health was really started by the American Heart Association in 1970 and then adopted by our government and so everybody was told you go in a little fad diet that idea we are actually backing out of the low-fat diet now and this is a piece I wrote for Wall Street Journal and in Alice Lichtenstein and a member of the US dietary guideline committee which is the top expert body in the land saying well you know low fat diet this is from 2015 when she said low fat diets really are not a good idea and if you go and if you listen to the Proceedings of the committee when it met in Washington DC they say in passing oh you know well there's no low fat diet any recommendation anymore which is incredible you know I told my husband this he's like that is a huge headline you know you don't realize that most people don't know like the low-fat diet is over it is officially over it's a little more complicated than that because when they hand out their formularies and they tell when the government and everybody who gets their information from the government hands out their formularies they are still telling people to eat over 50 percent of their calories as carbohydrates but they don't use the word low-fat anymore so it's like a half victory it's like a victory in in a Kafka esque universe but low-fat diets really are not there and they have been there you can see you know the pyramid we all know so well and love so dearly that fat smiles the sweets have long been up in that tip there ever since 1980 this is what our government has told us this is my complex slide - just to let you to help you understand when I talk about nutrition what informs my understanding is really how powerful these dietary guidelines are and that's why I talk about them and it shows you the dietary guidelines they filter down in various ways to really consuming you think you don't go to a dog website to find out about your health nobody nobody searches that but they inform they teach all your they go down through the professional health care associations the doctors the nurses the diabetes educators the nutritionists and dieticians and then that all comes down sup each and every health care professional working with the public it's basically just channeling the Dietary Guidelines and they control what the military needs what goes into school lunches and and the whole food supply has changed because the dietary guideline that's why we have the meat that was invented to respond to the dietary guidelines so they you think the dietary guidelines don't affect you but they you know they reach into every corner of American life and that's why I talk about them and that's why I care about them I think they're the most I mean although I believe in this bottom-up change and I believe it's incredibly powerful the kind of rigidities that are imposed above by these guidelines are really significant and there they are again you know if they were issued every five years and they're again 1995 they're saying cheese diet low in fat saturated fat and cholesterol but in 2000 cases almost twenty years ago now in 2000 there's no mention a loaf of total fat C it says here under the yes choose moderate in total fat no longer talking about the low fat diet and from 2009 you will not see any mention of the low fat diet so there's this understanding that you know it's okay to eat fats now maybe a little bit more facts but they're all these kinds of fats the unsaturated fats are supposed to have fish and polyunsaturated vegetable oils olive oil olives should be on this on this too but you know these are when we are eight we're Todd are the healthy fats and so I'm here to talk about the fact that we still have these limits lon saturated fats right so the low fats got that it's gone actually you know you should also know there are no more caps on dietary cholesterol anymore all those egg yolks you avoided egg white omelets the shellfish she didn't need because the cholesterol those caps have also disappeared from any official recommendation but saturated fat and you know those three pillars fat saturated fat cholesterol to have fallen and the one remaining one is facts and this is how much they tell you to eat and these are the two main nutrition guidelines that we have in America American Heart Association five to six percent of your calories days of saturated fats that is so low 13 grams this is what 13 grams of saturated fat looks like per day you can have two slices of cheddar you can have interestingly you can have more mackeral mackeral is higher in saturated fat than steak which I like to show because everybody just thinks it's just meat and cheese that has saturated fat but that's it for the day if you had that ate on steak you cannot according to the American Heart Association have any butter you can't eat any cheese you can't have any milk that's it that's your allotment for the day that's not much so here we are Antigua all having a really high saturated fat diet and we're routinely told I'm sure you know how many people go to their doctor like you're killing yourself just like Carla's saying you need to have your carotid artery measured and we eat a lot of saturated fat so what is this story are we killing ourselves well I have to go back and now we just review for people who don't know kind of the basic story is like how did we get this any of the saturated fat and cholesterol bad for health many people know this already but it really did start in the 1950s when there is a rising panic in the country about heart disease heart disease had been very rare in the early part of the 20th century and it had quickly shot up to become the one killer in the nation President Eisenhower self has a heart attack in 1955 is out of the Oval Office for ten days ten days that's a long time so the nation is fixated on this question what causes heart disease people really don't know there's a number of explanations you know it could be some of those that it was a vitamin deficiency other people said it was the type A personality you remember that if you yell too much it'll become heart attack a diet or Auto exhaust that seems plausible you know increasing numbers of cars in the street maybe that was having an effect on our health but we all know this man Ansel keys and it was his idea that saturated fat and cholesterol would raise your blood plus go heads would raise your blood cholesterol and like hot oil down a cold stovepipe would clog your arteries and give you a heart attack that is the diet her hypothesis we all know answer keys was this incredibly forceful domineering personality he was able to argue any opponent to the to the death and and he did that he got on the American Heart Association committee this was the only group telling anybody how to eat back then there was no dietary guidelines there was no other group it was only the American Heart Association and Ancel Keys gets on that committee the nutrition committee and whereas in 1960 they were saying we don't have enough data to give the American public any advice enthalpies gets on the committee and one year later they're saying avoid saturated fat cholesterol in order to to prevent a heart attack and that's really the first advice anywhere in the world telling people to limit saturated fat and cholesterol to prevent heart disease that is the beginning of it all so and what this means in practice is that you're supposed to cut out these foods and you're supposed to have vegetable and saturated vegetable oils instead you so like some of these trades make sense like oh it's not kind of makes sense like you know butter and margarine are sort of parallel but I have never understood how you give up like pot roast for dinner and replace it with a bowl of vegetable oils so and I also just have to review you know what were the facts that people have you know had eaten and cooked with for millennia before this polyunsaturated vegetable oil idea came along they were tallow which is from beef suet from pigs sorry from lambs lard first true pork and butter lard and butter were really the main fats that people cooked and and made in in all Western European countries so this has gotten cut off slightly but vegetable oils the idea of expressing oil from the seed or a bean was something that started in the late 1800s and it was used because the Industrial Revolution was happening and they had fished out all the all the whale populations whale oil was the dominant oil used in the industrial revolution until we killed all the whales and then they figured well they figured out how to use cottonseed to how to get oil out of cotton seeds and they started using that to to replace whale oil as industrial ken's and also make paints and soaps and and that was the beginning of oils and then soap maker Procter & Gamble they made soaps and candles and they looked at cottonseed oil and they figured out how to harden it into this white substance and they thought oh maybe we can convince people that this is a foodstuff and they they decided to market it as Crisco as the replacement for lard it was going to replace lard in the diet and they had this brilliant marketing campaign whereby they they told American housewives that they should give up the ways of their grandmothers and there are spinning wheels and adopt this new modern substance called Crisco it wasn't meaning by the ugliness of slaughtering animals instead it was made in shiny clean laughs with silver countertops and came in it was new and scientific and and you know in America I think Americans uniquely responded to this kind of advertising campaign because remember we're a nation of immigrants many people are here without their grandmothers couple folks without their grandmother is looking over their shoulder in the kitchen and saying what is that stuff you're cooking with we don't use that in our house so we were more open to housewives it with the help of massive marketing campaigns and women's magazines were more willing and able to adopt this kind of new this newfangled product Crisco and then margarine came to replace butter that started in the nineteen 30s and 40s and there were a huge campaign to try to prevent Marta mention coming margarine was cheaper than butter and then and margarine was just another form of hearted vegetable oil with yellow coloring added just like Crisco and then they figured out a way to just not harden the oil again the oil is very unstable and oxidizes very easily and so but they and so that's why they could not initially sell it simply as an oil but then in the 1940s they figured out how to stabilize it enough such that they could sell it as just cooking well plain ol cooking oil so this is how vegetable oils come into our economy it's always ironic to me like that this was considered the solution to heart disease because you know they're just they're they're industrial products they go through like 16 steps to create vegetable oils they have to think they come out as kind of a grace sludge e-liquid and then they have to they have to use a a chemical compound to create them hard chemical and then they have to deodorize them and winterize them and stabilize them I mean it really is a very long industrial process why did we think those would be healthier than butter also just in terms of the science and the logic had why would we think so that red arrow represents President Eisenhower's heart attack why would we think that saturated fats were causing as saturated fats are falling already while in the trajectory of President Eisenhower's heart attack what is rising in lockstep with heart disease in course the 20th century is as vegetable oils so why would we imagine that that would be the cure for heart disease so but people really didn't pay attention to this science when it was when I answer keys was proposing his hypothesis and so he was successful in promulgating his idea and he was on the cover of Time magazine this is in the same year that American Heart Study market Heart Association came out with its recommendation and he easily the most important nutrition scientists of the 20th century I mean his idea as you know lives on with us today so I also just have to explain a little bit about the commercial backing and the involvement of industry and all this as ansel pieces hypothesis was getting started because one of the questions I always get is well what about the food industry and how do they influence and everybody kind of knows the story now that there was some Harvard scientists the 1950s who accepted money from the sugar industry and that's what caused us all to turn our focus away from fad but actually it all started much earlier than that it started back in the 1940s where the vegetable oil industry realized that if they could get the American Heart Association to back their product that would be and get everybody in office saturated fats that would be a real boon for them so so this is the story that I told my book it's just completely unbelievable which is that the American Heart Association which is kind of this sleepy little Society of cardiologists had barely enough money really to pay for office staff or because remember Carter you know heart disease was still new and rare and so they have much money and Procter & Gamble remember the makers of Crisco they come along to the American Heart Association and say we will make you the beneficiaries of this radio show which was very popular at the time and and after a week of that the American Heart Association says according to their own official history which now you can't find on the internet millions of dollars flowed into their coffers they were transformed into the international powerhouse that they are that they are today they open offices all over the country there's still the biggest nonprofit in all of America and and they not too long after there they are recommending that everybody eat polyunsaturated vegetable oils which is a product of Procter and Gamble and there's actually a letter I have a scientist one of the top scientists at the American Heart Association complaining to the then director of beanie Heart Association Campbell knows as saying I can't believe you're posing in that in that ad the movie with a with a bottle of Crisco oil I think I think this is that is Craven and if you keep that up I'm gonna have to resign some of you will know it that that letter was written by Fred Coomer oh who did eventually resign that's a lovely blank slide okay so what was the evidence at the time of this Mehra this incredibly influential American Heart Association recommendation that set us on the path of believing unsaturated fats are bad for health well many of you know this it was the seven countries study right as he studied that Ancel keys did himself or LED himself it was in seven countries mainly in in Europe but also in the US where they went around and sampled the diets and cholesterol levels of nearly 13,000 men only men and they then they follow them and and waited to see who died of a heart attack and who died of other deaths and and and that study was they started doing the work on that study in the 1950s so this study is like the Big Bang of nutrition science like if you read thousands of papers as I unfortunately have done in nutrition science they all tell us go back to this semmen country study it's cited it's just like it's the one of those cited papers in the world and so one of the things that I did and other researchers Gary Taubes Zoe Hart gum have done have really taken a very hard critical look at this study because it has been so influential and I'm just gonna review some of the things that some of the problems we found with it right one I think many people know this answer keys cherry picked his the studies that he went to he had done pilot studies where he had gone for a few years around to see what were the eating habits in different countries and where there were high rates of heart disease and he presented a chart showing look this is the here it's total fat which was his original beliefs but you know fat consumption perfectly correlated with rates of heart disease according to the evidence that he submitted and these were very close to the countries that he ended up selecting here's the total countries that he could have chosen from so there were countries like France Switzerland Germany where they ate a lot of saturated fats think French omelets and cheese and German sausages and they also had low rates of heart disease but Ancel keys did not go to those countries did not select them here's a bunch of populations we have had also been study where they eat massive amounts of fat and saturated fat and had extremely low rates of heart disease Ancel keys knew about a couple of these populations and he also did not go to those so so it's fair to say that he cherry picked his evidence also just a couple other small things he only sampled the dietary data from fewer than 500 men in all of his population which is not a statistically representative representative sample and in the end in his study he could although he did find when he set out to find which is that people who ate less saturated fats seemed to die at lower rates of heart disease he could find no difference in total mortality that means people weren't dying as much from heart disease but they were dying of something else so death was the same regardless of whether or not you ate a lot of saturated fats are a little saturated fats one other thing that I found about that study in my particular journey through all of its various publications and let me tell you some of their publications it was so obscure the way that Ancel Keys publishes data some of them were in foreign languages published like in German in out-of-the-way publications where you knew you could only think you must be trying to bury his data and so we had to have those publications translated and one of the things that I found was that that these people on Crete who became his starved subjects they were the ones who seem to eat the least amount of saturated fat I think around 7% of their calories of saturated fat and had lived very long lived they actually became the men who were the foundation of the Mediterranean diet but I found out that in one of the three visited them as he did every population three times four three each a week each and in one of the weeks when he arrived on the island of Crete it was during Lent when they were observing a very strict fast and so Keith inevitably vastly under Canada the amount of saturated fat these people reading so so you can imagine how happy I was to let problem this was a remarkable and troublesome admission I'm sorry I don't have a citation for that that was actually a paper that was published by two Greek researchers who went back and looked at the Greek data specifically and and they found the problem of Lent and explored all the ways in which that had an impact on the day and it was a very troubling emission and my interview with one of the study the seventh country studies leaders saying you know oops so you can imagine in all these critiques of the seven countries say that I've done and Gary Taubes has done well you know the seven countries study is again like this is the hero studied for many researchers in the field when I was in the office of Walter Willett who's the head of Epidemiology at Harvard and who has been a real champion of Ansel Keyes's ideas there is one photograph on his wall and that's a picture of him shaking the hand of Ancel keys so there was an effort to kind of push back against us and say well you know your critiques are not real you're you're you know this is not this is this is something that if you look at the data it's not for real and so this is a paper that came out last year there was commissioned by something called the true health initiative by these authors Walter Willett was one of them he's the one shaking as akiza's hand David Katz who's a head of True Health Initiative and Joel calm and I'll tell you more about these people later and then this was the writer on the paper who works for ConAgra according to her link your bio ConAgra is the maker of vegetables so what did their papers say well first of all they're always very careful in saying that anything that any criticism of them be done by bloggers and speakers and all those people out there in the Internet as if as a way of sort of meant diminishing us and they say our ideas are kind of faddish and invoke popular but they turn out to be untrue according to them so what were their criticisms well they wanted to say that Kees did not cherry-pick his data that his selection of countries was fair and when blending he cherry picked it's not fair to say that he particularly avoided France and that my critique of lent is wrong and that also there was something that I wrote about in my book which is that then when there was a later analysis of the seven countries study data it was found that sweets was the category that at consumption sweets was the category that actually most closely correlated with heart disease risk so they wanted to refute all of those points which has you know been echoed in newspapers and have had a lot of pickup so so you so is it true did we get it wrong when we were wrong in criticizing the seven countries study well here is their explanation for why they did not cherry-pick this we just chose two countries where we wanted to go and we didn't go to countries where we didn't want to go well that's highly scientific I'm bad just don't convince me that they did not cherry-pick and that's the really the best that the white paper could do okay what about the Greek data was it invalid due to Lent they said this was a purposeful choice to go during Lent no citation given no protein methodology methodological protocol cited nothing they just say and they don't provide any data to show that that that they did not under count the amount of saturated fat that was easy this is a little bit of a complicated point because they collected data in two different ways they did it with dietary surveys where they like food frequency questionnaire they asking for what they ate but they threw out all that data because Keith said it wasn't reliable which we all know and they also sampled the actual food that they sow and they used that data and that bladder dignity which was more reliable does show that they seeked him under count as saturated fats okay so and was it true that sweets were found to correlate better with heart disease than animal foods this is this is a 1999 study that came out these are the most of the authors of the original seven countries study and they went back and did this reanalysis and sure enough if you look at the data yes animal foods that's the correlation coefficient 0.8 to 1 is higher than 0.7 98 it's not a big difference but it's still higher and the person who got this wrong was a journalist reporting on my work and Robert Lustig in fat chance also reports in this paper but we got right so anyway just thought isn't the first time design of this David just to show you the you know the battle over the seven countries study it's so important and and and how this how this has played out really over the last year while they're still trying to keep this this this study alive I mean I think the most important point that they really miss in their critique and the most important critique you can make of the seven countries study with all of its methodological problems it could only show Association and not causation right we all know the difference between that and and you know here's the problem of looking and relying on on associations they can be horribly wrong you know here's this I mean I just love these charts they're all over the place you can find them on horoscopes if you are you know the Sagittarius you get you're at high risk for stomach cancer here's another one the more you use the internet the more likely you are to get breast cancer you don't it may be true I mean maybe it's true that like being too close to your computer and gives you breast cancer but maybe it's something else maybe it's sedentary behavior associated with being at their computer and here's one more showing decreasing consumption of margarine don't do that if you want afford divorce and you live in Maine and this is the same thing as saturated fat lower your saturated fat consumption and you won't get a heart heart attack same thing so scientists you know back in the 1960s scientists really stood that the seven countries study they understood this point it's data that only shows Association and not causation so they did make a big effort to get more rigorous data and this is a little unknown chapter of nutrition science history that that Gary and Harvard Gary Taubes and I uncovered in my book so governments all around the world really undertook to do a more rigorous kind of science called randomized control clinical trials and that's when you take a group of people like you guys and used to have these people and you say you go on the keto diet and you put all these other people on the vegan diet sorry and then you follow you guys for a year and you see what's the difference between these two groups and the reason that works is that if I do this randomly if I sign you randomly I can assume that you're pretty much do the rest of your characteristics are the same you're this height age weight all that stuff so it ends up being the same if you have a large enough population so you don't have to worry about controlling for those things okay so they did this they did these large randomized control cloud clinical trials on hard endpoints meaning they followed people until they had a heart attack or dying you know death you cannot dispute death you can have a lot of arguments over LDL versus HDL or just two triglycerides if you could only measure our population that far but once you get to death no argument so it's really reliable data and they did this on more than 75,000 people so that's a huge number of people when you two are about a big study in the newspaper today that's like maybe maybe 150 200 peoples considered a big study and these experiments lasted a long time one to twelve years and the results after all that no effect could be found a saturated fats on cardiovascular eyetality yes the diets reduced cholesterol which is a marker that people actually stuck to them they did not there was good decent adherence this is total cholesterol we're talking about but it had no effect on the endgame of mortality so why did we not know about these studies so I'm going to tell you one example which is unjust so it's extraordinary and this is what happens in you know in science you know when I started off my work as a journalist I got my father's scientist and I thought everybody was like ham like I open up his his journal that says dreams on the front and inside are like lists of formulas and I always thought like science was this rational looks just like my father you know rational progressing ever forward if you have new observations that don't fit your hypothesis then you think oh I'd have to change my hypothesis maybe I got something wrong but instead I found this like the Wild West of studies being suppressed ignored dated ending up in basements and unpublished and this is the result of selection bias so it happened to happen in the field the die hard hypothesis is that there was this tremendous belief in the diet part I posses by the American Heart Association the National Institutes of Health and they just could not accept data to the contrary right so we all have selection bias in that we all believe things and we try to ignore the stuff that doesn't agree with our beliefs that's just sort of human nature but scientists are really taught to distrust themselves to try to prove themselves wrong to try to show that they are not correct that's the training of science selection bias this is the most incredible example of such is that I came across in all of my work and this is the Minnesota coronary survey which was the biggest ever test of an focuses hypothesis it took place in the started the 1960s it was it was on some 9,000 men over 9,000 men and women it was one of the few experiments that included women it was in five mental hospitals in the state of Minnesota so it was what's called a well controlled experiment because they controlled all the food that people were eating it's not like an experiment where they give people that diet book and say you know good luck maybe an hour of counseling a week here they're actually controlling all the food that people are eating so it's well controlled experiment and this experiment went on for four and a half years at the end and and just you can so that they're half of the people are getting 18 percent of their calories as saturated fat okay that's that's almost twice what we recommended today hmm so they had regular meat resident regular butter cheese a premium that was considered normal in the 60s and then half the people got 90 percent saturated fat which is around what were recommended today and they got the soy filled cheese soy filled milk and soy filled burgers or whatever and they at the end of that experiment four and a half years later this is what they conclusion that they came to that there was no differences between the two groups and this is Ivan France who is one of the study leaders actually Ancel Keys was also one of the study leaders but he took his name off the final paper and this paper actually they didn't publish it for 17 years which is kind of cheating in science you are supposed to publish your results and when they finally did publish it they could in this little out-of-the-way journal that they knew that nutrition scientists didn't read and when the journalist Gary Taubes asked Ivan France in an interview why did you not publish your studies and he said well there was nothing wrong with the results we were just so disappointed in the way they came out which is amazing and then not too long ago it was discovered that they had actually a bunch of unpublished data was still on those like data reels and they had it was languishing in Ivan's Frances basement and a team of researchers went and recovered it and recovered the data off of those tapes and did an analysis of it and found that they hadn't they still kind of published some of the data and this is what that data showed it was published in the BMJ so yeah quite a legacy so and this is really not the only story and I'm not trying to sell my book but I can tell you that there are stories of studies in the basement NIH that have never been published there's you know there's quite a few stories like this that will really are they're really quite shocking so that's it the diet part hypothesis is the most tested nutrition hypothesis in the history of the field and the results were in level no results and worse in nearly a dozen any Studies on including these large ones and I three of them and I had funded they found that the people eating Moore's the soy filled cheese and the soy burgers and more vegetable oils they died at much higher risk to cancer and that was found consistently in these experiments and that was of us sorry that was of such concern to people at NIH that they had a series of very high-level meetings in the early 1980s three meetings and Ancel keys was there and they discussed what about this side effect of cancer that we're finding and they really could not explain it and they said well it's just so important to lower everybody's cholesterol that's just health you know public health priority number one we're just going to ignore the cancer issue and so they did and it's just it's been ignored ever since so this is just my little slide to kind of explain like well this is the politics of nutrition science that's Ancel Keys seated in front on the left and in the middle of this body Jeremih standler also a long time in the American Heart Association these are just all the groups that they is are what I call the nutrition aristocrats and there's still a group like this today they are very powerful and they really control the agenda on nutrition so that they are the ones who they're the editors and all the major journals and they review each other as papers and you you know so so they get they published each other's papers and they're the ones who are on the expert panels at NIH and decide who gets funding and who doesn't get funding and they're the ones who do the studies so they are they very much control the kind of nutrition again and if you are somebody who does not agree with them if you are a critic then you find that you are unable to get your papers published you're unable to get research grants you are unable to kind of participate you're unable to be a scientist in your field so there's a lot of pressure to go along with the nutrition aristocrats and they have a long history of ignoring science to the contrary that's one of the ways I mean we talked about selection bias as one way that you kind of be just very science to the contrary you can also ignore it many people you know this story about Vietnam War Stephane sin but he was in the early 1900's he went off to live with the Inuit in the Canadian Arctic and he was an anthropologist and he he discovered that they had very little rates of any kind of Zeena's no diabetes know obesity no heart disease no cancer and he found that they ate a diet of 60 70 % fat and he said they're the kind of fat they love the most he had they had a kind of ranking of what they love the most half the year they lived on caribou and their favorite fat was the fat behind the eye followed by the fat along the jaw and then it was the fat on the back and then on the shoulders and and then the viscera of a animal and they said at the tenderloin which is what we prized so much today at a tenderloin they thought was worthless and they said that to the dogs and this they he published in his book not by bread alone and he came back to the United States absolutely nobody believed him so he undertook a year-long experiment with a colleague where they checked themselves in to Bellevue Hospital in New York City and for one year they ate only meat and fat and water and they they were supervised by a team of scientists at the end of that year they came out with six publications they found the men to be in perfect health despite eating no fruits and vegetables in fact in the Arctic of stefan's and had reported that in his book that the only time the Inuit ate vegetables was in times of extreme famine so and they said during this experiment they they were in perfect health and they felt great except for the time they ate some meat that was too lean and they started to feel a little nauseous so they said they quickly cooked up some brains fried in fat and then they felt much better but should say steffanson wrote a letter to an soaky's saying these are my findings you know this is incredible and if you know it contradicts some of that some of the you know the current theories of the day and he expected to be greeted with open arms like Oh a new scientific finding and instead that was the end of Stefan's ins career so but now really the evidence is shifting one thing there are people today who have gone back and looked at all those studies you know the studies on the more than 75,000 people that I mentioned and they have then there's not just those clinical trials there's been lots of epidemiological studies that have been done and there have been independent groups of scientists all over the world who have analyzed that data and come to the conclusion that saturated fats really have are not associated with heart disease and they have no effect on cardiovascular mortality oops I'm running out of time okay well I'm when you put base to two so this has really had an effect on the world and you are starting to see some changes the Canadian Heart and Stroke Foundation recommendations showing that they no longer include a percentile limit on saturated fat there's a big battle just to get this far the credit suisse has said there's going to be a new health paradigm there's going to be a new markets for fat this is The Lancet giving a real rave review of my book which I do put up there not to both but to say you know if The Lancet is coming up and saying this book is correct then we know that there is a paradigm shift that is happening at the very top [Music] [Applause] [Music] this is the pure study that came out the largest it's the first really truly global epidemiological study and it is limited by being only Association and not causation but they their finding was that the more the people who ate the most saturated fat had the lowest risk of stroke and this is the head of that study saying it saturated fabulous good for you he says we got brainwashed by the seven countries study and this is what he just said that zero conference last month he says but we have to get over that Fiona Godley editor-in-chief of the BMJ who is one of the sponsors of that conference also came out and said it looks like we got it wrong on saturated fat shouldn't we have a big vehicle thought from the scientific community we're all reading but why are experts so reluctant to give up unsaturated fats and I'm just gonna run through this really quickly okay one is that no dietary this is an article that I wrote for the BMJ and it analyzed the whole 2015 dietary guideline report and all the previous dive dine reports since 1980 and it found that no dietary guideline committee none of the experts making the nutrition policy for our entire nation has ever ever directly reviewed any of those clinical trials the government has spent billions of dollars on those trials and nobody had ever reviewed them or looked at them Wow I mean the NIH funds those trials to inform nutrition policy and there there's no little caveat in there saying if it doesn't go your way it's a to ignore it so in response to that the American Heart Association which also really should have been reviewing these trials but never had they issued this statement last year saying okay we're gonna go back and look at those trials for the first time in decades when we overlooked them and we have concluded that they reduce cardiovascular deaths by 30% that's what we that's our conclusion from these trials so I won't go into this in too much detail but the this is a list of all the reviews that have come out by team these are reviews done by teams all over the world on all the clinical trial data on saturated fat and the important thing is to look at the blue columns those are the hard endpoints mortality cardiovascular mortality heart attack stroke those are things that are pretty non-debatable they everybody who looked at the heart endpoints concluded saturated fats have known saturated fats have no effect on cardiovascular mortality or pulled immortality except for Mo's affari in here the second one down and he's a unique case at the time he was on the scientific advisory board of Unilever one of the biggest vegetable oil manufacturers at the time but the American Heart Association presidential advisory ignores all the hard endpoints and instead goes to like the kind of soft endpoints and says that's where we see an effect and this is really like like you know if life is like a marathon you want to know who wins like who lives the longest you'd want to know about that that's the hard endpoint right you don't want to know like who's who's winning at mile four and that's what basically the American Heart Association they ignore it all the hard data and just looked at the soft data which they also didn't do very well all right wellthey we only do this receptor effect like the butter and apple tree higher bar 22 carats and so [Music] [Applause] you can have steak Nick's breakfast instead of cereal but then they continue to say you need to replace traits of the attacker this soils these are papers that come almost entirely at Harvard they do it there epidemiological modeling did you think of that the technology is inserted try to to those epidemiological modeling and they continue say you need to replace boxes and that is treatments where things stand today even in this latest paper tha came out just last month they had special this is a special issue that [Music] I've ever seen [Music] the most important risk factor the community here know that it is not does not predict heart attack risk very well much better predictor is each Jill emotional everybody's favorite rich because they know how to treat it you [Music] [Music] [Music] [Music] [Music] [Music] and many three generations of scientists saying you have to be saturated fats the industry's role in nutrition science so my hypothesis it was tested it was tested more than in hypotheses in the history science and it could not be [Applause] [Music] [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause]

Channel: davidstanleyweed

Views: 40,451

Rating: 4.8895559 out of 5

Keywords:

Id: aXvkkSQ4scE

Length: 56min 39sec (3399 seconds)

Published: Mon Jul 23 2018

Reddit Comments

[u/mahlernameless]

A little history on fats and oils. Not really anything new if you've read her book, but it's a good refresher.

Edit: I take it back, around 30 mins in she has some new bits addressing recent criticism from "top" establishment nutritionists.

[u/ALCxKensei]

Why New London, CT? Went to school there. Just seems so random. Wish I new about it and had gone though.