Neurology | Limbic System Anatomy & Function

all right ninja nerds in this video we're going to talk about the anatomy and functions of the limbic system let's go ahead and get started all right so nigerians what we first have to talk about is what is the limbic system and what does it do the limbic system is a group of gray matter and white matter structures lodged deep within the cerebrum that are involved in four functions olfaction which is your smell your emotional responses your behavioral activities and your memories all right beautiful what we're going to do here is we're going to talk about some of those gray matter structures here talk about their name what they're made up of and then over here we'll talk about the white matter structures okay all right so first things first we're looking at a medial view a sagittal section right so you're coming like this and then we're looking at the medial side of that all right so the first things first that you have to notice here is this green c-shaped structure you see this green c-shaped structure we're going to annotate it with one here this is called your limbic lobe and the limbic lobe has two main components that i want you to remember at the top part of the c we're going to write this down as c g it's called the cingulate gyrus at the bottom part of the c we're going to annotate this p g this is called your para hippocampal gyrus this is in your temporal lobe but this whole structure here is called your limbic lobe so what is it called the first part it is called your limbic lobe now your limbic lobe we said is made up of two parts one is the cingulate gyrus what does the cingulate gyrus do i want you to remember that it's involved in memory and emotional processing and it's involved with your autonomic nervous system your para hippocampal gyrus is the other one the bottom part of the c and the para hippocampal gyrus is primarily involved in what things it's involved in your memory processing okay the next thing that we have to talk about the second component of the limbic system here is going to be this pink structure here it actually sits kind of medial to the para hippocampal gyrus in this diagram it looks like it's above but in real life it's medial this pink structure here which we're going to label here is two this is actually called your hippocampal formation sometimes people like to call this the hippocampus technically the hippocampal formation is the real name because it's made up of three parts what are those three parts so the second part is here this is called your hippocampal hippocampal formation and your hippocampal formation what is it made up of three parts the first part is your dentate gyrus your dente gyrus and what i want you to remember about your dentate gyrus is this is where affair information is coming into the hippocampus what i'm going to do is i'll put afferent i want you to remember that this is where afferent information is coming into the hippocampus okay so the next component of the hippocampal formation is called your subiculum subiculum and the last one here is actually called your hippocampus proper sometimes you might even read this in textbooks as what's called the cornu amonas i don't like that i like hippocampus proper but what i want you to know is that your subiculum and your hippocampus proper are both a part of the efferent components of the hippocampal formation so this is your efferent this is where things are leaving information is leaving the hippocampus beautiful the third structure go right above the hippocampal formation there's this little kind of like structure here that sits there and this is called your amygdala also sometimes referred to as your amygdaloid body so again what is this structure here this is called your amygdala now your amygdala is involved in your emotions and your behaviors and also smell okay but particularly emotional responses to smell so when you think about amygdala you think emotions and behaviors whereas when you think about hippocampal formation or hippocampus in general you think about memory and again these are some of the components right now the amygdala has two nuclei i'm only going to mention this briefly for one comp like one reason one is called the corticomedial nuclear group okay and the second one is called the basolateral nuclear group the really the only thing i want you to know about these is the cortical medial nuclear group is involved in olfaction which is your smell your basal lateral nuclear group involved in all the other emotions and behaviors not related to olfaction that's it all right beautiful let's come back up next thing we're going to go up here into the area of your diencephalon which we're going to annotate for is called your hypothalamus so what is this structure here called this is called your hypothalamus now your hypothalamus we discussed this in great detail in its own lecture what i want you to know is that there's a bunch of nuclei involved here but the main ones that i really really think are the most significant when it comes to the limbic system are the mammillary bodies and another one which is your autonomic nervous system nuclei and if you guys remember that was your posterior which was your sympathetic and your anterior which was your parasympathetic nuclei but again these are the main nuclei i think are pertinent to this all right almost done i promise come up here we got this big old blue structure also a part of the diencephalon this is called our thalamus what is this called it's called our thalamus now the thalamus has a bunch of different nuclei as well but we already talked about the thalamus in its own individual video and there were two main nuclei that were involved one was the anterior nucleus of the thalamus and if you guys remember this was involved in papaya circuit which was from memory the other one was called the medial dorsal nucleus or sometimes referred to as the dorsal medial nucleus and this was sent from the amygdala to this nucleus to your prefrontal cortex so it's involved in your emotions and your behaviors the last two structures we're going to hit together if you come up here you have this baby blue structure here which actually sits in the septum pellucidum and what's called your paraterminal gyrus that's called your septal area and then if you move backwards behind the thalamus right there's this little structure here that's a part of your epithalamus and it's called your habenula okay it's called your habenula so what are these two lash structures that we talked about the blue one is called your septal area and that's found in the septum pelucidum and the paraterminal gyrus and the orange one is called your habenula and this habenula is a part of your epithalamus all right and so the septal area and the habenula we'll talk about this a little later they're connected via structure called the stria medullaris and these are involved in particularly a part of your what's called your reward pathway we'll talk about that a little bit later but these are definitely a part of your reward pathway and again your emotional responses as well alright so these are the gray matter structures of the limbic system now let's talk about the white matter structures of the limbic system all right so let's start talking about some of these white matter tracks now the whole purpose of these white matter structures is to connect other limbic nuclei with one another right all these limbic nuclei have all these individual functions we should have a way to connect all these limbic nuclei with one another all right so the first thing here is we have your hippocampus right so from your hippocampus you have to have a connection right because this is involved in your memory there has to be some type of connection to and from another structure well guess what from the hippocampus it can send its information to this structure here which is your septal area and it can send it to this structure here in your hypothalamus called your mammillary bodies so the fornix this structure here this kind of like pink structure is called your forenix this is a connection from your hippocampus to your septal area and what else your hypothalamus beautiful all right that's the first thing that i want you to know all right so that covers the fornix right so that's going to be covering our fornix that's the really really important one that you guys need to remember fornix connects hippocampus to hypothalamus and septal area involved in your memory pathways we'll see how later all right so now let's talk about the connections between the amygdala and other different types of limbic structures right so take your amygdala right you have two pathways one pathway is going to be what's called the stria terminalis okay so the striat terminals goes from the amygdala and it actually works dorsally and goes up underneath the corpus callosum and gives off connections to your septal area and also gives off connections to your hypothalamus that's one pathway okay so this is the first one this is called your straya terminals what is this pathway here called it's called your shraye terminalis and your straya terminalis is important because what it does is it connects the amygdala to the septal area and it also connects it to your hypothalamus but you know what else is interesting there's another pathway that doesn't move dorsally it actually moves eventually and goes to the same structures it also goes to the hypothalamus and it also goes to the septal area okay but it also gives off another little connection to your thalamus particularly the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus so this structure here which also goes to these structures here right which is called your ventral amygdalofugal pathway connects between the amygdala and also the septal area in the hypothalamus but it also gives connections to what else to the medial dorsal nucleus of the thalamus beautiful that covers your amygdala all right the next white matter track so we cover fournic stripe terminology ventral amygdala fugal pathway the next connection is between your septal area and your habenula right so there has to be a connection between your septal area and your habenula what is that connection called let's write that down so you have here your septal area and the septal area is connected with the habenula and this is called your stria medullaris what is this here called your striae medullaris but we're actually going to have to be a little bit more specific because there's also a stria medullaris in your medulla so since there's a stria medullaris in your medulla there has to be one in near your thalamus so we call this the stria medullaris thalami and that is a connection between the septal area and your habenula okay there's another connection which is coming from your mammillary bodies in your hypothalamus and going to the anterior nucleus of the thalamus what is this structure called this is called your mammalothalom tract so from your mammillary bodies of the hypothalamus to the what the anterior nucleus of the thalamus what is this son of a gun called this is called your mamelo thalamic tracked beautiful okay that covers this pad these these fiber tracks let's move on to the next one all right the next white matter track that's also very important so the big ones that i really want you to remember is the fornix the stryoterminalis and the ventral amygdalafugal pathway and this is another really important connection as well as the mammalothalamic tract this is another big one but you have a connection right a two-way connection that runs from your prefrontal cortex this right here is your pre-frontal cortex this portion right here this structure this tract runs from your prefrontal cortex which is also involved in your personality your behaviors and some of your emotions and memory it runs through the hypothalamus particularly through the lateral hypothalamus and connects with the reticular formation in your brain stem right and again remember this is a two-way connection so it runs from prefrontal cortex through the hypothalamus and then to the what's called the reticular formation of your brainstem this is called the medial forebrain bundle so again this is going from the prefrontal cortex starts in the prefrontal cortex and then it moves down to your hypothalamus and actually if you really want to be specific it's the lateral hypothalamus and then from the lateral hypothalamus to the reticular formation of the brain stem and what is this entire pathway here called from this to this so again this is called your we're going to abbreviate it the medial forebrain bundle this covers this entire pathway from here to here okay the last pathway that we have to talk about the life's last white matter tract is not as important but it is mentioned in textbooks there's a connection between the mammillary bodies of the hypothalamus and a structure called the ventral tegmental area okay but it's only going in one direction from the mamillary bodies to this ventral tegmental area then from the mammillary bodies they can send connections back to the mammillary bodies so this red pathway going from hypothalamus right what is this the from going from the hypothalamus to the ventral tegmental area what is this pathway here called the ventral tegmental area and what's important about the ventral tegmental area the ventral tegmental area is a very dopaminergic concentrated area of the midbrain so this pathway from hypothalamus particularly the mammillary bodies to the ventral tegmental area is called the mammalotegmental tract okay so what is this called the mamelotegmental tract then going in the opposite direction from the ventral tegmental area back to the hypothalamus this connection is called your mammillary peduncles so this is called your mammillary peduncles beautiful so that covers our white matter tracks all right so now that we've talked about the gray matter and white matter components right of the limbic system their basic functions now what i want us to really kind of just drive home is the overall functions of the limbic system when we said that there was primarily four functions olfaction memory emotions and behavioral responses so let's go through all of those the first one here is olfaction now we're not going to go into the over you know crazy aspects of this i just want you to get the basic points here and we've already gone through most of the olfactory pathway in our special in within the cranial nerve one video okay so obviously you know that there's going to be some type of smell stimulus right that's going to hit what if you guys remember this what's the order activates the olfactory epithelial cells right within the nasal cavity then the olfactory nerves olfactory nerves up through the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone then to the olfactory bulb that's this part here so we're going to put this here as o b this is your olfactory burp bulb they're going to be stimulated once it's stimulated it's going to send action potentials down this thin part here what is this thin part here called the olfactory tracks then from the olfactory tracks they're going to bifurcate one will go here this is called your medial factory stride i'm not really too worried about that one it's this one that i really want us to focus on this one here that's going laterally is called your lateral olfactory striae same thing over here olfactory bulb to olfactory tract does give off a medial but i really want you to focus on this lateral olfactory striate it's taking olfaction information to two particular areas of your limbic system in the temporal lobe do you remember that bottom part of the sea that was a part of the limbic lobe that was called your para hippocampal gyrus right that is going to be where smell information goes to and guess what the para hippocampal gyrus does with that smell remember i told you that the para hippocampal gyrus is involved in memory right well it's actually involved on top of that with memory of smells so it's going to store the smells in our memory the other structure where the smell information goes to is this purple structure here called your amygdala amygdala and this information the smell information that goes to your amygdala your amygdala is involved with the emotions that we have related to the smell so emotions of the smells that we experience okay that is the basic concept that i want you to remember if you really do want to know this little medial factory stride goes to an area called your orbital frontal cortex okay but again that's not the one i really want you to remember it's these two structures all right boom covered old faction now let's go into the second function of the limbic system which is memory so we got to talk about the second function remember we said olfaction then memory so memory and we can even add on to this not just memory but also learning so just the experience of learning so there's a particular circuit that's a part of the limbic system that is extremely important to know and this circuit is called papays circuit and this papay circuit is in completely important for memory and learning how does the pepe circuit work this you need to know this okay so it starts off at the first point which is your hippocampus now remember we said that there was three parts of the hippocampus the dentate gyrus which is the receiving portion and the subiculum in the hippocampus proper which is the leaving portion so from the subiculum particularly you have what's called the fornix that we talked about before which is one of those white matter tracks remember we said that there was two structures that the fornix went to one was the septal area we're not going to show that one here but the other one was to the hypothalamus and do you remember which portion of the hypothalamus we said the mammillary bodies so this first part here is hippocampus if you're really being particular it goes which part subiculum then from the subiculum we go via the fornix then from the fornix we go to the mammillary bodies then where from the mammillary bodies remember that track that we called it that went upwards from the mammillary bodies to the anterior nucleus of the thalamus what was that called that was called your mammalothalmic tract so we had hippocampus fornix then we had mammillary bodies mammalary bodies too via the mammylothalamic tract so now we're going to go via the we're going to go to the anterior nucleus of the thalamus and the way that we do that is via the mamelopthalmic tract right now from the anterior nucleus of the thalamus we're going to send this information upwards so now the anterior nucleus of the thalamus is going to send this information upwards to this structure remember there was a component up here that we said at the top of the c of that limbic lobe what was that structure called the cingulate gyrus was this component here right well what happens is the cingulate gyrus is going to send this in two directions we're going to focus on one of the directions first and we'll come back to the other one so from here you're going to have some neurons here that are going to get stimulated right by this anterior nucleus of thalamus it's going to send its information downwards through this limbic lobe and from this limbic lobe it's going to go to your what is this gyrus down here the para hippocampal gyrus we have denoted that as ph g from the para hippocampal gyrus it's going to go back into the hippocampus what's the receiving portion of the hippocampus the dentate gyrus so let's recap anterior nucleus of the thalamus is where we stopped right then we went up from the anterior nucleus of the thalamus to the cingulate gyrus then from the cingulate gyres we went down to the para hippocampal gyrus so that was six and then from the para hippocampal gyrus we went back into the hippocampus which we'll denote seven so let's let's review that now so anterior nucleus of the thalamus is then going to go to the cingulate gyrus from the cingulate gyrus this is going to go to your para hippocampal gyrus from the para hippocampal gyrus what is the receiving portion of the epicampus the dentate gyrus and then the dentate gyrus will send this information back into the subiculum now there's a particular name for the component of the para hippocampal gyrus that they just love to ask sometimes from where you go pair hippocampal gyrus to dente gyrus and that is called the into rhino cortex so just remember that structure as well this circuit here is called papay circuit and it's involved in your memory processing one other thing remember your prefrontal cortex is involved in your thought processes your decision making your reasoning your judgment if you're going to make a decision if you're thinking about doing something shouldn't you consult your memory to make sure that this is the right decision if you've made that decision in the past yes so remember we had the hippocampus fornix mamillary bodies thalamus singular gyrus remember what i said there was one direction we went that way there's another direction it also sends this information to a particular cortex in our frontal lobe this is called your pre-frontal cortex and what is the purpose of communicating with the prefrontal cortex to have our memory be involved with our thoughts in our decision making isn't that cool i think it's cool so that's the basic thing i want you to know about the memory aspect with the limbic system let's move on to the emotions and behaviors the third and i'm actually this is going to be a combination okay there's the four the third and fourth function of the limbic system is it's involved in your emotions particularly your emotional responses and it's also involved in your behaviors and there's three types of behaviors that your limbic system is involved in so again the first function that i want you to know is your emotional responses okay and what do i mean that means like whenever you're in a situation where you feel uh fear you have anger rage sadness whatever you know these there's all particular responses to this that you're amazed to communicate with other structures through the second thing is the behaviors and when i talk about behaviors there's three particular behaviors that are really involved within your um your your limbic system the first one is your feeding behaviors okay this is very important the second one is your sexual behaviors and the third one is your motivational behaviors or your goal directed behaviors all right let's first talk about your behaviors and then we'll talk about the emotional responses now remember the amygdala is pretty much the center the epicenter and the limbic system for your emotions and your behaviors right how how does it basically know that you are fearful angry enraged or you're sad how in the heck does it do this you got to remember the limbic system is in communication with our cerebral cortex that is very important so in your cerebral cortex you have different areas in the brain right and what are these different areas that are most important that i need you guys to remember that the limbic system communicates with one of them is your prefrontal cortex remember your prefrontal cortex is involved in a lot of thought processes a lot of your reasoning your judgment okay your decision making your personality and your behaviors the other aspect is your temporal lobe your temporal lobe carries out multiple functions and some of those is smell obviously some of those is taste then you have your insula which is tucked deep in it and that's involved in visceral sensations right and you also have other areas where you have auditory association areas all of that is involved in communicating with your amygdala and the other one is your posterior association area your posterior association area receives three information from three different areas your somatosensory cortex right actually the somatosensory association cortex the visual association cortex and your auditory association cortex and then communicates that with your amygdala so your amygdala is receiving information from all of these structures and from your cerebral cortex communicating with the amygdala you have enough information based upon auditory visual sensory all these thought processes and decision making to have the experience of a particular emotion then from that the amygdala can send signals to a bunch of different areas but there's really two main areas that i want you to know one is via that striatum analysis and that fornix it communicates with the septal area and with the hypothalamus right and this is how you generate a lot of your emotional and behavioral responses okay i want you to take for an example here you're walking outside to take your trash out you're wearing a robe you're only in your drawers and you see a big old black bear in your front yard you visually see the black bear right you hear the black bear roar all of that information from all these areas of your cortex are going to do what send it to your amygdala and in that situation you're going to be fearful scared in that situation your amygdala has to communicate with your hypothalamus and your septal area but big one is your hypothalamus you want to know why because your hypothalamus is where your autonomic nervous system centers are and that is going to be very important in your emotional responses let's talk first though how the amygdala is involved in feeding and sexual behaviors and then motivational behaviors first all right so the first thing i want us to talk about is our feeding behaviors so first thing with the behaviors is feeding behaviors how in the heck does our amygdala influence our feeding behaviors it's very simple depending upon your current emotional state maybe you're sad right any and in that sad situation all you want to do is just eat your pain and sorrows away well guess what your amygdala is going to send that information to who again your hypothalamus in that situation there's two nuclei in your hypothalamus that are involved in feeding you better know it guys what are those two structures this orange one i'm sorry this brown one here i went colorblind this is called your ventromedial nucleus the ventral medial nucleus is involved in what satiety and then the other nucleus is called your lateral hypothalamic nucleus and this is involved in hunger well maybe if you're sad and depressed all you want to do is just eat ben and jerry's all day what are you going to do which would the amygdala activate your lateral hypothalamic nucleus so you can just go ahead and eat ben and jerry's right but maybe you're in a bad mood and you just don't feel like eating anything right in that situation your amygdala will tell your ventral medial nucleus to be activated right and that's kind of how your amygdala is involved in this feeding aspect isn't that cool i think it's pretty cool the other thing that it's involved in is your sexual behaviors so again depending upon maybe your current emotional state right your amygdala is going to let your hypothalamus know right maybe in this situation you're being stimulated in a particular way okay and your amygdal's feeling pretty good at that point in time and it tells your hypothalamus hey baby i'm feeling good and when it does that there's two nuclei in your hypothalamus that is going to help with your sexual activities and drive what are those nuclei this black nucleus here is called the periventricular nucleus this is very interesting not talked about too often but the ventricular nucleus do you guys remember it released oxytocin well oxytocin you think about this commonly with females uterine contraction and then breast did the milk ejection in males it's involved in sexual orgasms and sex drive itself so this can increase your sexual activity sexual drive and increase blood flow to the organ there so that you have you know that kind of process the other thing is that you have that purple nucleus remember that purple nucleus that we found all the way in the pre-optic zone it was called your medial pre-optic nucleus your medial pre-optic nucleus released what hormone gonadotropin releasing hormone and that's stimulated in the male testosterone and testosterone also has ways to increase your sex drive as well okay so you're depending upon your current emotional state maybe you're feeling good your amygdala can tell these nuclei to help with the sexual driving activity okay that covers the feeding and sexual now let's cover the motivational behaviors okay so the last behavior that it's involved in is motivational behavior okay and in our goal kind of directed behavior now this is the aspect of the amygdala that can be an unfortunate aspect in certain individuals we're going to use a classic case of drug abuse or substance abuse right in these situations maybe if someone is utilizing drugs or substances it can bring about a sense of euphoria right a sense of feeling really good and what happens is the amygdala all right remember that connection we had we can connect it with the septal area or we can connect it with the hypothalamus we said right via the striatum analysis or the ventral amygdalofugal pathway well from the septal area and from the hypothalamus they both can communicate with the ventral tegmental area is the big one here the ventral tegmental area located within your brainstem your ventral tegmental area what did we say that area is special for the ventral tegmental areas where there's lots of dopamine so what i want you to remember is that this is where lots of dopaminergic neurons is found okay so from the ventral tegmental area it can send its aqua axons upwards to prevent this diagram from getting crazy there's two nuclei i want you to remember this blue one which is this one here and this purple one which is this one here the blue nucleus very important i need you guys to remember this one it's called the nucleus accumbens okay that's this one right here then this purple area around your cerebral cortex is going to be this this is called your pre frontal cortex we've seen this all over the place right so your amygdala depending upon particular types of emotions maybe from drug abuse communicates with your hypothalamus your septal area tells your ventral tegmental area ventral tegmental area sends dopaminergic neurons up to where nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex there's particular names for these pathways that you just have to know this pathway from the ventral tegmental area to the prefrontal cortex is called the mesocortical pathway and then the pathway from the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens is called your mesolimbic pathway and this dopaminergic neurons from the ventral tegmental area will be re the dopamine will be released on the nucleus accumbens and the prefrontal cortex and these areas are involved particularly from what we've seen in studies a sense of reward right and we use the example in this case of drug abuse so if someone uses drugs they get this feeling of euphoria amygdala which is involved with emotion sends that information to hypothalamus septal area communicates the ventral tegmental area ventral tegmental area to mesolimbic via mesolimbic and mesocortical pathways to these two structures these two structures are involved with bringing about a sense of reward from that emotion and this can be a pathway that can be commonly involved in substance abuse okay so that's an important thing you need to remember when it comes to the limbic system that covers all our behaviors now let's cover the emotional responses all right the last function of the amygdala within this aspect of emotions and behaviors you've seen the amygdala pretty much the center of this the amygdala use that example we said before you're walking outside with your robe your drawers on to go and take the trash out and you see a big old grizzly bear a black bear out there you are going to be in extreme fear i know i would i would probably dooky in my pants so in that situation your amygdala will experience that sense of fear right that emotion and communicate via the striatum analysis or the ventral amygdala fugal pathway to the hypothalamus when it communicates with the hypothalamus hypothalamus remember there's two main nuclei in the hypothalamus that are involved in this fear response let's say that we're using an example of an emotional emotional response right and we're using fear as our example as the stimulus here in that situation your hypothalamus has two nuclear that i want you to know the blue nucleus here is located in the posterior aspect of hypothalamus it's called your posterior hypotonic nucleus the posterior hypothalamic nucleus sends its descending axons downwards via what's called the hypothalamospinal tract and innervates the preganglionic neurons located within the thoracolumbar region of your spinal cord the sympathetic nerves will then go out to particular organs like which ones you ask well one is going to be your liver and it's going to tell your liver to increase its glucose production i'm going to need lots of energy to fuel my muscles so that i can run as fast as i can away from this bear it's going to tell my heart boy you better start pumping so that you can get enough blood running through your circulation to run away from this bear especially get that blood to the muscles it's going to try to increase my blood pressure so that again i have enough perfusion to my tissues especially my muscles so that i can run as fast as i can it's going to send information to my lungs to increase my respiratory rate and my depths of breathing so that i get enough oxygen in my bloodstream that i can supply those muscles to run away all of this is an autonomic response an autonomic response to a particular emotion which was kind of beginning with who you're amygdala and it tells your hypothalamus to act on that the other aspect is there's another nucleus this kind of black nucleus here located in the hypothalamus you know it releases a hormone called corticotropin releasing hormone that tells the anterior pituitary to make a hormone called acth and then acth will then stimulate your adrenal gland to make cortisol and guess what cortisol is involved in your stress response so cortisol is your stress hormone and this is another way that you can respond to particular emotional steady setting which is generated by your amygdala beautiful all right let's drive this son of a gun home the whole point that i wanted you guys to really kind of know about the limbic system is how it's related clinically to a lot of different diseases there's too many we're not going to talk about all of them but there's two particular ones that i want you to remember one is a very rare neurological disorder called cloverbusy syndrome if you've ever watched house they actually show this disease on house they love to show rare stuff on that right but clover boosie syndrome is damage bilateral temporal lobe damage but you know what structure is mainly damaged in that your amygdala what is your amygdala do this is going to test you guys knowledge what's one of the functions of the amygdala it's involved in your emotions and behaviors or reactions to that right particularly your reaction to particular emotions well because you damage the amygdala they have no type of emotional reaction to things so they have what's called placidity they have no response to fear or anger all right the other one it's involved in your feeding behaviors so now you're going to eat a lot that's called hyperphagia you're also involved the amygdala's also involved in your sexual behaviors now you can't regulate your sexual activities and you're hypersexual these are some of the aspects of clover boosie syndrome now it also does damage the uh the hippocampus too so there is some degree of amnesia which is your memory loss okay so that's clever boosie syndrome the other one is wernicke's encephalopathy this is usually due to a vitamin b1 deficiency right so it's a b1 deficiency this loves to damage the mammillary bodies so it loves to damage the mammillary bodies and because it damages the mammary bodies the mammillary bodies are involved in your memory pathway and so because of that they develop three classic symptoms one is they develop what's called confabulation which is where they have a vivid imagination in a way right they have pieces in their memory that's missing and they fill it with kind of made up things the second one is that the vitamin b1 deficiency loves to attack the middle cerebellar peduncles and that leads to ataxia and it loves to damage the third and sixth nerve nucleus which are involved in our extraocular movement and this can lead to ophthalmoplasia beautiful that is some of the things that i want you to know clinically involved with the limbic system hi ninja so in this video we cover the anatomy and function of the limbic system i hope it helped i hope you guys liked it you guys know what to do all right ninja nerds love you thank you and until next [Music] time [Music] you

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Keywords: Ninja Nerd Lectures, Ninja Nerd, Ninja Nerd Science, education, whiteboard lectures, medicine, science, Anatomical Structure, anatomy, neurology, brain, neuroanatomy, physiology, nervous system, central nervous system, limbic system, neuroscience, usmle, lecture, anatomy and physiology, limbic, limbic anatomy, limbic function

Id: 3Bvz6DHBB1g

Length: 43min 10sec (2590 seconds)

Published: Wed Nov 25 2020