>> THEY'RE THE CITIES OF THE SEA
AND THE POWER PLAYERS OF THE PORTS.
>> BIGGER DOES NOT MEAN STRONGER.
>> SOME KNOW HOW TO WATER-SKI, WHILE OTHERS LOOK RIGHT OUT OF
SCIENCE FICTION. >> NOBODY HAS DONE ANYTHING
SIMILAR. >> A FEW CARRY
ENOUGH FRIGID ENERGY TO HEAT 30,000 HOMES
FOR A YEAR. SOME ARE AS SOPHISTICATED
AS THEY ARE PRACTICAL. >> THIS IS REALLY
A TRULY AMAZING PIECE OF MACHINERY.
>> AND ONE WILL EVEN FLIP YOU OUT.
NOW "SUPER SHIPS" ON<i> MODERN MARVELS.</i>
WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO BE SUPER? IN THE WORLD OF SHIPS,
IT COULD BE GARGANTUAN SIZE, IMMENSE POWER,
CUTTING-EDGE TECHNOLOGY, OR THE ABILITY
TO EXCITE OUR IMAGINATION. WHEN IT COMES TO SPEED,
MULTI-HULLED SHIPS ARE DEFINITELY SUPER.
SHIPS HAVING MORE THAN A SINGLE HULL
TEND TO REACH HIGHER SPEEDS DUE TO A LIGHTER WEIGHT
AND LESS SURFACE CONTACT WITH THE WATER
THAN SINGLE-HULLED SHIPS. THEIR WIDER BEAM ALSO GIVES THEM
BETTER STABILITY ON THE OCEAN. TAKE<i> THE CAT,</i>
THE FASTEST CAR FERRY IN NORTH AMERICA.
>><i> THE CAT</i> IS A HIGH-SPEED TWIN-HULL CATAMARAN-STYLE FERRY,
ONE OF THE LARGEST OF THIS KIND OF SHIP
IN THE WORLD. >><i> THE CAT</i> RUNS SEASONAL ROUTES
BETWEEN PORTLAND OR BAR HARBOR, MAINE,
AND YARMOUTH, NOVA SCOTIA. ITS TRAVEL TIME
IS ABOUT HALF THAT OF TRADITIONAL FERRIES.
>> YOU NEVER REALLY GET USED TO THE POWER
THAT'S INVOLVED HERE WHEN YOU'RE COMING UP TO SPEED
AND KNOWING THAT YOU'VE GOT A DECKLOAD OF 200 VEHICLES,
INCLUDING BUSES AND MOTOR HOMES, AND YOU CAN GET UP TO 40 KNOTS
IN, UH, PROBABLY TWO MINUTES. IT'S STILL QUITE A FEELING.
>> THE SHIP IS 98 METERS IN LENGTH, A BIT LONGER
THAN A FOOTBALL FIELD, AND 27 METERS IN WIDTH,
SO A LITTLE BIT NARROWER THAN A FOOTBALL FIELD.
SHE CARRIES 220 CARS OR SO AND UPWARDS OF 900 PASSENGERS.
>> THE SHIP'S ALUMINUM HULLS AND SUPERSTRUCTURE
ALLOW IT TO BE STRONG, YET LIGHTER ON THE WATER.
>> AND THAT'S THE WHOLE IDEA OF THESE VESSELS
IS TO KEEP THEM LIGHTWEIGHT WITH A LOT OF POWER.
>> MORE THAN 38,000 HORSEPOWER ROAR FROM<i> THE CAT'S</i>
FOUR LIGHTWEIGHT, HIGH-SPEED, TURBO-CHARGED ENGINES,
LOCATED WITHIN THE VESSEL'S TWO NARROW HULLS.
>> WHERE WE'RE STANDING NOW IS ROUGHLY
CLOSE TO 4 METERS ACROSS, AND THIS IS THE WIDEST PART
OF THE HULL, SO THAT GIVES YOU SOME IDEA
HOW LITTLE IS ACTUALLY IN THE WATER.
THE MAXIMUM DEPTH OF THIS IS 3.4 METERS.
MOST SHIPS ARE, YOU KNOW, PROBABLY 12, 13, 14 METERS--
SOME, 18 METERS-- SO IT'S NOT VERY MUCH.
>> AS THE SLENDER HULLS MEET A WAVE,
THEY PIERCE THROUGH RATHER THAN OVER IT.
THIS TENDENCY HELPS STABILIZE THE SHIP,
KEEPING IT LEVEL IN THE WATER. WHILE THE DESIGN GIVES THE SHIP
BETTER HYDRODYNAMICS, IT'S UP TO THE ENGINES
TO POWER IT ACROSS THE GULF OF MAINE.
FROM THE BRIDGE, THE CREW MONITORS
AND CONTROLS THE ENGINES AND THEIR CORRESPONDING JETS.
>> BASICALLY, IT'S THE EXACT SAME PRINCIPLE
AS A JET SKI, BUT JUST ON A MUCH LARGER SCALE
WITH MUCH MORE POWER. THE WATER'S TAKEN IN
THROUGH AN INLET AND PUT THROUGH AN IMPELLER
AND THAT WATER GOES THROUGH A STATOR BOWL,
WHICH TAKES THE TWIST OUT OF THE WATER
AND SHOOTS IT BACK OUT THROUGH THE NOZZLE
AND THAT'S WHAT PROVIDES ALL THE THRUST
THAT GIVES THE SHIP ITS POWER. >> AT TOP SPEED, THE FOUR JETS
SHOOT WATER THROUGH AT OVER 4,700 GALLONS
PER SECOND. AT THAT RATE,
THEY COULD FILL AN AVERAGE BACKYARD SWIMMING POOL
IN FIVE SECONDS. THE POWERFUL JETS OF WATER
NOT ONLY PROPEL BUT ALSO STEER THIS SUPER SHIP.
>> ANY SIDE MOTION OR TURNING AROUND
IS ALL DONE USING THE JETS BY JUST ANGLING THE NOZZLES
IN THE DIRECTIONS YOU WANT. >> THE STEERING WHEEL
ON THIS 826-TON VESSEL LOOKS MORE LIKE IT BELONGS
ON A TOY. >> SHE'S VERY MANEUVERABLE.
SHE RESPONDS VERY QUICKLY, A LOT BETTER THAN MOST,
YOU KNOW, ALMOST LIKE A SPEEDBOAT.
>> VISUALLY, THE SHIP IS SPECTACULAR.
THE SHAPE OF THE HULLS OF THE SHIP, OF COURSE,
DESIGNED TO PERMIT ITS SPEED, BUT ONCE YOU SEE HER UNDERWAY,
AT SEA, YOU REALIZE WHAT A UNIQUE VESSEL
IT TRULY IS. >> INCAT, THE SHIP'S BUILDER,
HAS BEEN BUILDING FAST CATAMARAN SHIPS
IN AUSTRALIA SINCE 1984. TODAY THEY APPLY
THEIR UNIQUE DESIGNS TO COMMERCIAL AND MILITARY
VESSELS AROUND THE WORLD. SOME ARE EVEN BIGGER
THAN<i> THE CAT,</i> BUT STILL ABLE TO CRUISE
AT UP TO 40 KNOTS. AND WHAT HAPPENS
WHEN YOU ADD ANOTHER HULL TO A CATAMARAN?
YOU GET A TRIMARAN. IN 2008, A SUPER TRIMARAN
CALLED THE<i> EARTHRACE</i> SET A WORLD RECORD
FOR A POWER BOAT CIRCLING THE EARTH--
60 DAYS, 23 HOURS, AND 49 MINUTES--
ALMOST 14 DAYS FASTER THAN THE PREVIOUS RECORD.
BUILT SPECIFICALLY TO ACHIEVE THE RECORD,
THE HULLS ARE ABLE TO PIERCE WAVES,
AND THE ENTIRE TRIMARAN CAN GO UP TO 23 FEET UNDERWATER
FOR A FEW SECONDS AT A TIME. THE 78-FOOT-LONG,
24-FOOT-WIDE, SUPER-LIGHT CARBON KEVLAR COMPOSITE VESSEL
IS STRONG ENOUGH TO HANDLE WAVES UP TO 50 FEET HIGH.
NOT ONLY THAT, BUT IT'S POWERED WITH BIODIESEL
AND HAS A ZERO CARBON FOOTPRINT. ANOTHER ONE-OF-A-KIND VESSEL
LOOKS MORE LIKE A HUGE BUOY THAN A SHIP.
AND ITS SUPER STATUS IS ALL IN ITS NAME: THE FLIP.
IT'S OWNED BY THE U.S. NAVY BUT OPERATED
FOR ACOUSTIC RESEARCH BY THE SCRIPPS INSTITUTION
OF OCEANOGRAPHY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA,
SAN DIEGO. THE FLIP HAS BEEN AROUND
FOR SEVERAL DECADES, BUT HAS NEVER BEEN REPLICATED.
>> THIS IS A NAVY RESEARCH PLATFORM FLIP.
NOW, FLIP STANDS FOR FLOATING INSTRUMENT PLATFORM.
RESEARCHERS HERE AT THE SCRIPPS INSTITUTION
OF OCEANOGRAPHY DEVELOPED A CONCEPT FOR
A FLOATING INSTRUMENT PLATFORM TO MINIMIZE ITS MOVEMENT
WHEN IN THE VERTICAL AT SEA. BECAUSE OF ITS VERY SMALL
WATERLINE AND THE MASS OF THE STRUCTURE
BELOW THE SURFACE OF THE WATER, FLIP WILL HAVE A DRAFT
OF 300 FEET WHEN IT'S IN THE VERTICAL.
IT MOVES LESS THAN 1/10 OF WAVE HEIGHT.
IT STANDS PERFECTLY STILL IN THE OCEAN,
NOT SUBJECT TO THE SAME MOTIONS THAT A CONVENTIONAL VESSEL
WOULD HAVE. THEREFORE, FOR ACOUSTIC STUDIES,
IT IS A VERY VALUABLE PLATFORM. >> THAT'S BECAUSE A STABLE FLIP
MEANS STABLE MONITORING EQUIPMENT
AND MORE PRECISE MEASUREMENTS FOR THE SCIENTISTS.
>> WHEN FLIP GOES TO SEA TO SUPPORT AN OCEANOGRAPHIC
RESEARCH PROJECT, THE PROJECT WILL NORMALLY LAST
THREE TO FOUR WEEKS. >> DURING THAT TIME,
THREE EQUIPMENT DEPLOYMENT BOOMS ALLOW SCIENTISTS TO GET
EVEN CLEARER ACOUSTIC SIGNALS 60 FEET AWAY FROM FLIP
WITHOUT NOISE INTERFERENCE FROM THE VESSEL.
SINCE FLIP IS A NON-PROPELLED VESSEL,
FOR RESEARCH MISSIONS, A NAVY TUG WILL USUALLY
TOW FLIP OUT TO SEA. UNTIL THEN, FLIP DOCKS
IN ITS HORIZONTAL POSITION. >> SO WHEN WE FLIP,
THIS END WILL BE SUBMERGED, IT WILL BE UNDERWATER
ALL THE WAY UNTIL THAT RED PIPE YOU SEE
ALL THE WAY ON THE FRONT OF THE FLIP.
>> WHEN IN THE HORIZONTAL, THE BALLAST TANKS
ARE FILLED WITH AIR. TO CONDUCT THE FLIPPING PROCESS,
WE VENT THAT AIR, AND AS THE AIR ESCAPES,
IT'S REPLACED BY SEAWATER. THIS CHANGES THE DISPLACEMENT
OF THE AFT, OR END, OF FLIP, CAUSING IT TO WEIGH MORE
THAN THE AMOUNT OF WATER IT DISPLACES.
THE 55 FEET ABOVE THE SURFACE IS OF COURSE THE INHABITED AREA,
WHERE THE CREW AND SCIENCE PARTY DO THEIR WORK.
>> DURING THE ROUGHLY 27-MINUTE TRANSITION,
EVERYBODY STAYS OUTSIDE ON THE DECK.
>> THE PEOPLE THAT COME OUT WITH US MANY, MANY TIMES,
THEY LIKE TO LAY DOWN ON THE DECK ON HORIZONTAL.
WHEN THE FLIP GO VERTICAL, THEY FIND THEMSELVES VERTICAL
ALSO. >> FLIPPING AN ENTIRE VESSEL
MEANS HAVING AN EXTREMELY VERSATILE INTERIOR.
>> ON FLIP, SOME OF THE UNUSUAL THINGS YOU WILL SEE
ARE THE TWO HEADS. THERE IS A SINK ARRANGEMENT.
RATHER UNIQUE. THERE IS THE COMMODE,
WHICH ROTATES 90 DEGREES SO THAT IT'S USABLE,
AND THE SHOWER. THE SHOWER IN THIS HEAD,
OF COURSE, IS FOR THE VERTICAL OPERATION ONLY.
HAVEN'T LEARNED TO FLIP A SHOWER YET.
>> EVEN THE ENGINES THAT PROVIDE THE SHIP'S ELECTRICITY
ARE FREE TO MOVE. >> AS WITH MUCH OF THE OTHER
HEAVY EQUIPMENT ONBOARD, THE ENGINES ARE MOUNTED
ON TRUNNIONS, WITH THE FUEL TANK
INCLUDED IN THE FRAMEWORK. THE ENGINE ROTATES FREELY.
>> TRUNNIONS ARE ALSO RESPONSIBLE FOR ROTATING
THE GENERATORS, AIR COMPRESSORS,
BUNKS, EVEN AN ENTIRE GALLEY.
>> WE'RE NOW ENTERING THE GALLEY AREA ON FLIP.
THIS IS A GOOD EXAMPLE HOW THE THINGS
THAT ARE LOCATED ON TRUNNIONS OPERATE.
FIRST OF ALL, IT'S BEING HELD IN POSITION
RIGHT NOW WITH A BOLT WHILE FLIP IS IN THE HORIZONTAL.
NOW, WHEN YOU'RE READY TO GO TO THE VERTICAL,
THE PIN IS REMOVED TO ALLOW FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT
OF ALL THE GALLEY EQUIPMENT SUPPORTED BY TRUNNION,
WHICH ALLOW ROTATIONAL MOVEMENT. >> WHILE ROTATING EQUIPMENT
IS ODD ENOUGH, EVEN THE ROOMS GO TOPSY-TURVY.
>> WE'RE NOW ENTERING THE MAIN LABORATORY SPACE
ONBOARD FLIP. THIS IS THE COMPARTMENT
WHERE THE SCIENTISTS WILL BRING ALL THEIR SCIENTIFIC EQUIPMENT.
YOU'LL NOTICE LIGHTS ON THE BULKHEAD NOW
BECOME THE OVERHEAD LIGHTS. AND ABOVE US YOU SEE
ONE OF THE WORKBENCHES THAT WILL BE USED
BY THE SCIENTISTS. NOW, YOU SEE FORWARD OF US
A SIX-MAN BUNKROOM. WHEN FLIP IS IN THE VERTICAL,
THE BUNKROOM THEN IS THE UPPERMOST SPACE
AND NORMALLY REFERRED TO AS THE PENTHOUSE.
>> ACTUALLY, LIKE IT'S TWO DIFFERENT FLIPS.
THIS THE FLIP ON HORIZONTAL, AND WE GO VERTICAL,
IT'S COMPLETELY DIFFERENT THING. IT'S LIKE DAY AND NIGHT
DIFFERENCE. >> AND WHEN THE SCIENTISTS'
WORK IS DONE, THE KEY TO FLIPPING BACK
TO THE HORIZONTAL POSITION IS EIGHT LARGE
COMPRESSED-AIR BOTTLES LOCATED IN THE BALLAST TANKS
OF FLIP. IN ABOUT 20 MINUTES,
AIR PRESSURE FORCES THE WATER OUT
AND ALLOWS FLIP TO RETURN TO ITS HORIZONTAL POSITION.
IF YOU THINK FLIP IS IMPRESSIVE, HOW ABOUT THE WORLD'S
LARGEST THERMOS HAULING ENOUGH ENERGY
TO POWER A MILLION HOMES FOR A WEEK?
"SUPER SHIPS" WILL RETURN ON<i> MODERN MARVELS.</i>
WE NOW RETURN TO "SUPER SHIPS" ON...
SUPER SHIPS CAN BE UNIQUE, BLAZINGLY FAST,
INCREDIBLY STRONG, OR ENORMOUS.
CONTAINER SHIPS AND OIL TANKERS ARE SOME OF THE LARGEST CRAFT
ON THE WATER. YET IT'S ANOTHER TYPE
OF SUPER CARRIER THAT'S AMONG THE FASTEST-GROWING
FLEETS OF SHIPS. LIQUIFIED NATURAL GAS,
OR LNG CARRIERS TRANSPORT ONE OF THE WORLD'S
MOST SOUGHT-AFTER ENERGY SOURCES.
>> IT'S A MAJOR PART OF THE NATURAL GAS SUPPLY
IN MANY NATIONS IN THE WORLD, PARTICULARLY IN THE FAR EAST,
IN EUROPE, AND INCREASINGLY NOW IN THE UNITED STATES.
LNG IS NOTHING MORE THAN NATURAL GAS
THAT'S BEEN LIQUIFIED. YOU REDUCE ITS TEMPERATURE
TO -260 FAHRENHEIT, AND WHEN YOU DO SO,
IT TURNS FROM A GAS TO A LIQUID.
>> LIQUIFICATION REDUCES THE VOLUME OF NATURAL GAS
BY A FACTOR OF 600, AND THAT MEANS
THE 900-FOOT-LONG, 141-FOOT-WIDE<i> BW SUEZ BOSTON</i>
CAN HAUL A WHOLE LOT OF NATURAL GAS
AT A SPEED OF ABOUT 20 KNOTS, OR 23 MILES PER HOUR.
>> THIS SHIP HOLDS 138,000 CUBIC METERS OF LNG.
TO THE AVERAGE PERSON, THAT'S ENOUGH GAS TO HEAT
30,000 HOMES FOR A YEAR. OR IT WOULD BE ENOUGH TO PROVIDE
POWER FOR A MILLION HOMES FOR A WEEK.
>> NATURAL GAS IN LIQUID FORM IS NEITHER FLAMMABLE
NOR EXPLOSIVE. ALTHOUGH LIQUIFICATION MAKES
THE COMBUSTIBLE NATURAL GAS STABLE,
THE POSSIBILITY OF A LEAK, OR IN A WORST-CASE SCENARIO,
A TERRORIST ATTACK ON A SHIP, HAS SOME PEOPLE WORRIED.
IN THE EVENT THAT A PLANE OR ROCKET PIERCED
ONE OF THE SHIP'S TANKS, THE LNG WOULD NOT COMBUST
OR EXPLODE LIKE A BOMB. INSTEAD, IT WOULD BE RELEASED
AND VAPORIZED INTO GAS. IF COMBUSTION OCCURRED,
IT WOULD MOST LIKELY AFFECT ONLY THE AREA
DIRECTLY AROUND THE SHIP. STILL, THE DEGREE OF CONCERN
HAS MEANT MORE STRINGENT SAFETY REGULATIONS
FOR EVERY LNG SHIP AND TERMINAL. THIS INCLUDES RAISED SECURITY
AND U.S. COAST GUARD SUPERVISION OF ALL LNG SHIPS
MOVING IN OR OUT OF PORT. >> THEY COME ONBOARD
AND TEST ALL OUR EQUIPMENT AND CHECK IF EVERYTHING
ARE ACCORDING TO RULES AND REGULATIONs.
>> LNG SHIPS HAVE BEEN IN SERVICE
FOR 50 YEARS. IN ALL THE HISTORY
OF LNG VESSELS, OVER 50,000 VOYAGES,
THERE'S NEVER BEEN A RELEASE OF LNG
AS A RESULT OF A CASUALTY. ALMOST EVERY DESIGN FEATURE
IN THE SHIP IS REALLY DRIVEN BY SAFETY.
FOR EXAMPLE, ALL LNG SHIPS ARE DOUBLE-HULLED SHIPS.
>> ON THE<i> BW SUEZ BOSTON,</i> THERE'S ABOUT 8 FEET OF DISTANCE
BETWEEN THE OUTER AND INNER HULLS OF THE SHIP.
INSIDE THE INNER HULL ARE FOUR CONTAINMENT TANKS.
EACH OF THESE HAS TWO WALLS. THE TANK HOLDS THE LNG ITSELF.
INSULATION FILLS THE SPACE BETWEEN THE TANK'S TWO WALLS
AS WELL AS THE SPACE BETWEEN THE TANK AND THE INNER HULL.
NITROGEN FILLS ANY GAPS IN THE INSULATION
AND ALLOWS THE SHIP TO DETECT THE MOST MINUTE LEAK.
>> AND THAT WOULD ALLOW A SHIP TO GO TO A TERMINAL
LIKE THIS ONE, OFFLOAD ITS CARGO
AND THEN GO TO A SHIPYARD FOR REPAIR.
>> WHILE THE LNG CARRIER HAULS FROZEN CARGO,
IT DOES NOT ITSELF USE ANY REFRIGERATION.
>> THE SHIP ITSELF AND THE CARGO TANKS
ARE ACTUALLY JUST VERY WELL INSULATED.
THE BEST WAY TO THINK ABOUT THE SHIP
IS ACTUALLY A VERY LARGE FLOATING THERMOS BOTTLE.
>> DURING THEIR OCEAN JOURNEY FROM TRINIDAD TO BOSTON,
THE LNG RELEASES A SMALL AMOUNT OF VAPOR.
THIS HELPS KEEP PRESSURE FROM BUILDING IN THE TANKS
AND MAINTAINS A LOW TEMPERATURE OVERALL.
>> THAT'S WHAT WE CALL BOIL-OFF GAS.
ON A SHIP LIKE THIS, THE BOIL-OFF GAS IS ACTUALLY
USED TO PROPEL THE SHIP AND RUN ITS ENGINES,
SO IT'S ACTUALLY A VERY, VERY EFFICIENT PROCESS.
>> IF FOR SOME REASON THE ENGINE BOIL-OFF SYSTEM FAILS,
A BACKUP SYSTEM IS IN PLACE. >> BEHIND ME YOU SEE
THESE FOUR GREEN TOWERS, AND EACH OF THEM IS ACTUALLY
A VENT MAST ASSOCIATED WITH EACH OF THE FOUR CARGO TANKS.
RATHER THAN LET THE PRESSURE IN THE CARGO TANKS BUILD UP,
THESE MASTS WOULD ACT AS SAFETY-RELIEF VALVES
AND ACTUALLY WOULD RELIEVE THE BOIL-OFF GAS
AND ALLOW IT TO VENT SAFELY TO THE ATMOSPHERE.
>> A TYPICAL VOYAGE FOR THIS ONE IS FIVE DAYS AT SEA
AND THEN ABOUT 24 TO 30 HOURS ALONGSIDE FOR LOADING
OR UNLOADING. >> WE'RE OFFLOADING THE SHIP
RIGHT NOW. BEHIND ME YOU CAN SEE OUR
WHAT WE CALL UNLOADING ARMS. ONCE WE CONNECT
THE UNLOADING ARMS TO THE SHIP'S PIPING,
THE SHIP BEGINS TO PUMP THE LNG CARGO
FROM ITS STORAGE TANKS INTO OUR STORAGE TANKS.
WHILE THAT'S HAPPENING, WE ARE SIMULTANEOUSLY PUMPING
THE LNG OUT OF OUR STORAGE TANKS AND INTO OUR VAPORIZERS,
WHICH RE-GASIFIES THE LNG AND SENDS IT DIRECTLY
TO PEOPLE'S HOMES. FROM OUR TERMINAL,
WE SUPPLY 20% OF ALL THE GAS CONSUMED IN NEW ENGLAND,
AND THAT'S FOR POWER GENERATION, FOR HOME HEATING,
FOR COMMERCIAL USES, INDUSTRIAL USES, EVERYTHING.
>> AS DEMAND FOR NATURAL GAS GROWS, SO DOES THE LNG FLEET.
>> FIVE OR SIX YEARS AGO, THERE WERE ROUGHLY 100 OR 120
LNG CARRIERS IN EXISTENCE. TODAY THAT NUMBER
IS SLIGHTLY OVER 300. AND AS WE PROJECT OUT
IN THE FUTURE, THERE'LL BE CONTINUED GROWTH
IN THE INDUSTRY FOR SURE. >> IN THE MEANTIME,
HOW DO YOU COUNT ON SAFELY MANEUVERING A MEGA LNG CARRIER
IN AND OUT OF A PORT? WITH SUPER-STRENGTH TUGBOATS.
THEY MAY BE SMALL COMPARED TO LARGE CARGO SHIPS,
BUT THEY MAKE UP FOR THEIR SIZE WITH POWER.
WHILE TUGBOATS HAVE BEEN TUGGING FOR NEARLY 200 YEARS,
IT WASN'T UNTIL THE 1920s, WITH THE ADDITION
OF DIESEL ENGINES, THAT TUGBOATS BECAME
THE WORKHORSES WE KNOW TODAY. >> THE MASS-PRODUCED
DIESEL ENGINE REALLY CHANGED TOWBOATING.
IT EXTENDED THE RANGE. IT WAS A LIGHTER-WEIGHT
PROPULSION UNIT THAT ALLOWED THE TUGS TO HAVE
WHAT WE WOULD CALL "LEGS," OR MORE DISTANCE CAPABILITY.
>> ANOTHER 1920s TUG ADDITION WERE THE RUBBER-TIRE FENDERS.
TODAY TUGBOATS STILL USE RECYCLED TRUCK
AND AIRPLANE TIRES. MEANWHILE, SOME TUGBOATS
HAVE UPPED THEIR TOWING ABILITY WITH ANOTHER INNOVATION:
SPECTRA ROPE, LIGHTER YET STRONGER
THAN ANY OTHER ROPE IN THE WORLD.
ONE 2-INCH ROPE CAN HANDLE UP TO 250,000 POUNDS OF STRESS
BEFORE TEARING APART. OVER THE YEARS,
THE BASIC TYPES OF TUGBOATS HAVE REMAINED THE SAME.
SEAGOING TUGS ARE GENERALLY LARGER
IN ORDER TO BETTER HANDLE THE OPEN OCEAN.
RIVER TUGS, OR TOWBOATS, FREQUENTLY MANEUVER BARGES
UP OR DOWNSTREAM. AND THEN THERE ARE
THE HARBOR TUGBOATS. THEY'RE GENERALLY SMALLER
AND MORE MANEUVERABLE IN ORDER TO HANDLE
NARROW PORT CHANNELS. THEY'RE ALSO INCREDIBLY STRONG.
>> BIGGER DOES NOT MEAN STRONGER.
A MEDIUM-SIZE TANKER COMPARED TO A LITTLE TUGBOAT,
THE STRENGTH IS ABOUT .2 HORSEPOWER
TO A TON OF WEIGHT ON A SHIP. AND ON OUR TUGBOATS,
THE WAY WE CALCULATE IT, IT'S ABOUT 14 HORSEPOWER
TO A TON OF WEIGHT. AND THAT WORKS OUT
TO ABOUT 70-TO-1 DIFFERENCE. A TUGBOAT'S VERY STRONG.
THEY'RE ALMOST LIKE A 4-WHEEL DRIVE IN THE WATER.
THEY PULL REAL HARD, AND THEY DON'T SLIP A LOT.
THEY DON'T GO VERY FAST, BUT THAT'S NOT WHAT
THEY WERE BUILT FOR. >> FOSS MARITIME DOLPHIN TUGS
ARE BUILT FOR POWER, AND THAT MEANS GENERATING
OVER 174,000 POUNDS OF FORCE TO PULL SHIPS
OVER 1,000 TIMES THEIR SIZE. A TUGBOAT GETS ITS STRENGTH
NOT ONLY FROM ITS ENGINES AND GENERATORS,
BUT ALSO TWO A-S-D, OR AZIMUTH-STERN-DRIVE,
PROPULSION DRIVES. EACH DRIVE IS BASICALLY
A PROPELLER AND A NOZZLE WHICH HAS THE ABILITY
TO ROTATE 360 DEGREES. THEY'RE REFERRED TO
AS TRACTOR TUGS BECAUSE THEY CAN MANEUVER
THE THRUSTS FROM THE PROPELLERS IN ANY DIRECTION.
THAT MEANS THE OPERATOR CAN MAKE THE TUG GO
ANY DIRECTION HE WANTS: SIDEWAYS,
CROSSWAYS, EVEN IN CIRCLES.
THAT'S EXTREMELY IMPORTANT WHEN MOVING THROUGH
THE NARROW CHANNELS OF THE PORT OF LONG BEACH.
>> THE SHIP THAT WE'RE GONNA BE DOING HERE
IS A SMALLER CONTAINER SHIP. >> ...ON THE BOW.
>> ONE ON THE BOW, ROGER. >> WE'LL PULL HIS BOW
OFF THE DOCK AND HE'LL GET UNDERWAY.
>> WHILE FOSS SUPPLIES TUGS OF ALL SIZES
TO PORTS AROUND THE WORLD, THE PORT OF LONG BEACH
IS ONE OF THE ONLY PORTS WHERE YOU'LL FIND
ONE OF THEIR NEWEST, STRONGEST, AND GREENEST TUGBOATS.
>> THE<i> CAROLYN DOROTHY</i> IS THE FIRST AND ONLY
HYBRID SYSTEM THAT'S FUNCTIONING IN THE TUGBOAT WORLD.
>> MOST OF OUR DAY IS SPENT RUNNING AT ABOUT 10, 15%
AS WE MOVE THROUGHOUT THE HARBOR,
WHICH IS 80% OF THE TIME. ONLY 20% OF THE TIME
WE'RE WORKING WITH SHIPS THAT WE NEED ALL OUR HORSEPOWER.
>> THE HYBRID AND ITS TRADITIONAL SISTER
DOLPHIN TUGS CAN ALL PRODUCE UP TO 5,080 HORSEPOWER.
THAT'S EQUIVALENT TO THE POWER OF ABOUT 50 AVERAGE
FOUR-DOOR SEDANS. WHILE THEY LOOK A LOT ALIKE
ON THE OUTSIDE, THE INSIDE IS ANOTHER STORY.
THE HYBRID TUG HAS TWO MAIN DIESEL ENGINES
THAT ARE 1,800 HORSEPOWER EACH, AS WELL AS TWO 440 HORSEPOWER
GENERATORS AND 10 TONS OF BATTERIES.
>> WE CAN RUN TOTALLY GREEN ON BATTERIES ONLY,
OR WE CAN JUST ADD ONE GENERATOR.
WE CAN MAKE ABOUT 6 1/2 KNOTS OF SPEED DOING THAT.
AND WE CAN KEEP BUILDING IT UP BY ADDING ANOTHER ENGINE.
>> THE TUG CONTINUES TO OPERATE AT THAT LEVEL
UNTIL IT REACHES 90%. >> AT THAT POINT,
IF WE NEED MORE POWER, WE CAN DRAW ON
THE CHARGED BATTERIES, SO WE GET TO 100%.
>> WE ORIGINALLY ESTIMATED ABOUT A 44% EMISSION REDUCTION
AND 20 TO 30% FUEL REDUCTION. FROM THE WAY
THAT WE'VE SEEN IT WORK, WE ARE PRETTY CONFIDENT
THAT IT'S GONNA BE QUITE A BIT HIGHER.
IT WORKS MUCH BETTER THAN WE HAD ORIGINALLY CALCULATED.
WE'D LIKE TO SEE EVERYBODY DOING THIS.
THIS IS GONNA MAKE AN IMPACT. >> YOU'RE ON THE CUTTING-EDGE
OF TECHNOLOGY FOR YOUR INDUSTRY. IT'S A LOT OF FUN.
>> TUGBOATS ARE ALL ABOUT BIG POWER IN A LITTLE VESSEL.
BUT IT'LL TAKE A SHIP OF SUPER-TITANIC PROPORTIONS
TO PUT MORE THAN 4,000 PEOPLE AT EASE.
"SUPER SHIPS" WILL RETURN ON<i> MODERN MARVELS.</i>
WE NOW RETURN TO "SUPER SHIPS" ON...
>> WHEN IT COMES TO SUPER-SIZED SHIPS,
NOT MANY COMPARE TO LARGE CRUISE SHIPS.
AND IN AN OCEAN OF THESE GIANTS, ROYAL CARIBBEAN'S FREEDOM CLASS
CURRENTLY TOWERS OVER THEM ALL. THIS CLASS INCLUDES
THE<i> LIBERTY OF THE SEAS,</i> DOCKED AT THE PORT OF MIAMI
ON THE DAY WE VISITED. >> WELL, THE SIZE
OF<i> LIBERTY OF THE SEAS</i> IS REALLY A PRETTY AMAZING NUMBER.
SHE'S 160,000 GROSS REGISTERED TONS.
>> SHE'S OVER 1,100 FEET LONG, SITS 207 FEET ABOVE SEA LEVEL
AND IS 185 FEET WIDE. THIS MIGHTY SHIP
IS THREE TIMES HEAVIER THAN THE HISTORIC
OCEAN COLOSSUS, THE<i> TITANIC.</i> IT'S ALSO ABOUT 90 FEET WIDER,
70 FEET TALLER AND OVER 200 FEET LONGER.
AND HOW WOULD THE<i> LIBERTY OF THE SEAS</i>
COMPARE TO THE<i> MAYFLOWER?</i> ROUGHLY 36<i> MAYFLOWERS</i>
COULD EASILY FIT WITHIN THE FOOTPRINT
OF THE<i> LIBERTY'S</i> MAIN DECK. >> HER LENGTH
IS JUST ABOUT THE HEIGHT OF THE EMPIRE STATE BUILDING.
SHE'S HUGE. >> A HUGE SHIP MEANS MORE GUESTS
AND A LARGER CREW. >> THERE'S 3,600 GUESTS ONBOARD
AND THERE'S JUST OVER 1,300 CREW,
SO YOU REALLY HAVE A SMALL CITY AT SEA.
AND THE 1,300 CREW ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR EVERYTHING
THAT YOU COULD THINK OF. THERE'S NO VACATION
FOR ANYBODY ONBOARD ON THE CREW SIDE.
THE<i> LIBERTY OF THE SEA</i> ARRIVED THIS MORNING AT ABOUT 6:00,
AND SHE'LL LEAVE THIS AFTERNOON AT ABOUT 5:00.
SO THE TURNAROUND IS IMMEDIATE. >> WITHIN ABOUT 8 HOURS
OF THAT 11-HOUR WINDOW, THE CREW MUST TRANSPORT LUGGAGE
FOR 3,600, AS WELL AS ENOUGH SUPPLIES
TO FEED NEARLY 5,000 PEOPLE FOR A WEEK.
>> THIS IS THE AFT PORTION OF THE SHIP WHERE WE HAVE
ALL OUR PROVISIONING FOR FOOD AND BEVERAGE.
THIS IS TAKING PLACE TODAY RIGHT NOW.
FOR SUGAR, IT'S APPROXIMATELY 6,000 POUNDS THAT WE TAKE IN,
12,000 POUNDS OF FLOUR, JUST FOR THE SEVEN DAYS.
POULTRY ITEMS, WE HAVE 15,000 POUNDS
OF POULTRY MEAT. IT'S ALMOST 87,000 BOTTLES
OF BEERS INCLUDING THE CANS THAT WE TAKE IN EVERY VOYAGE.
SO IT'S QUITE A BIT OF WORK, QUITE A BIT.
>> WHILE THE GUESTS ENJOY ONBOARD LUXURIES,
THE CREW ON THE BRIDGE MUST MANEUVER THE MAMMOTH SHIP
THROUGH THE SEAS. >> THE SHIP MANEUVERS
LIKE A YACHT, I HAVE TO TELL YOU.
IT IS A BIG SHIP, IT IS HEAVY, BUT WE HAVE PLENTY OF POWER
AND IT HAS MANEUVERABILITY. IS LIKE YOU CAN TURN IT
ON A DIME. >> THAT'S DUE IN PART
BECAUSE OF THE SHIP'S TWO AZIPOD PROPULSION SYSTEMS,
ALLOWING IT TO EASILY MANEUVER IN ANY DIRECTION
WITHOUT THE ASSISTANCE OF TUGBOATS.
TO GO IN AND OUT OF PORTS, THE BRIDGE GAINS
A LITTLE EXTRA CONTROL FROM A GOOD OLD-FASHIONED
STEERING WHEEL. >> WE HAVE THE CONTROL
RIGHT AWAY HERE AND WE CAN GIVE AN ORDER
TO THE HELMSMAN. HE CAN CHANGE THE HEADING ON HER
AND CHANGE THE RUDDER ANGLE RIGHT AWAY.
>> BUT BEFORE THE SHIP LEAVES THE DOCK,
A NAVIGATOR PREPLANS THE ROUTE, DOWN TO EVERY TURN.
HE DOES THIS FOR REDUNDANCY. >> WE HAVE IT ON THE COMPUTER
AND WE ALSO HAVE IT ON THE PAPER CHART.
SO THAT'S WHY WE HAVE THE NAVIGATION OFFICER.
HE PLANS THE ROUTES. >> ONCE THE ROUTE
IS IN THE COMPUTER, IT'S RELATIVELY EASY SAILING
FOR THE CREW. >> WHEN WE ARE GOING
BETWEEN THE PORTS, WE ARE ON, MOST OF THE TIME, AUTOPILOT,
SO IT'S AUTOMATIC STEERING. >> OUT IN THE OCEAN,
THIS FLOATING CITY CAN REACH A CRUISING SPEED
OF ROUGHLY 22 KNOTS OR 25 MILES PER HOUR.
>> IT'S GOOD. YOU CAN ACTUALLY WATER SKI
BEHIND IF YOU LIKE TO. >> TO KEEP
THIS CRUISE SHIP CRUISING REQUIRES AN IMPRESSIVE
DIESEL ELECTRIC SYSTEM. SIX ENGINES AND GENERATORS
SUPPLY UP TO 105,000 HORSEPOWER FOR THE SHIP'S PROPULSION
AND AS MUCH AS 75 KILOWATTS OF ELECTRICITY
TO POWER THE REST OF THE SHIP. >> THE SAME ENGINES
PRODUCE POWER FOR THE WHOLE SHIP AND ALSO FOR THE MOTOR
THAT DRIVES THE SHIP FORWARD. BASICALLY, IT'S WHEN YOU HAVE
5,000 PEOPLE ONBOARD, IT'S A SMALL TOWN
AND WE HAVE THE SAME POWER PLANT WHICH YOU WILL FIND ASHORE
FOR THIS TOWN. >> FROM THE ENGINE ROOM,
THE CREW CAN OVERSEE ALL OF THE SHIP'S
TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT AS WELL AS ITS IMPRESSIVE
WATER SUPPLY. >> MAJORITY OF THE WATER
WE HAVE ONBOARD THAT WE DRINK AND WHAT WE USE
FOR OUR SWIMMING POOLS, SHOWER, WHATEVER,
IS MAINLY PRODUCED ONBOARD. >> TWO SO-CALLED EVAPORATORS
AND TWO REVERSE OSMOSIS SYSTEMS CONVERT OVER 700,000 GALLONS
OF SEAWATER TO FRESHWATER EVERY DAY.
>> SO BASICALLY WE CAN RUN WITHOUT ANY FRESHWATER
FROM THE SHORE. >> SOME OF THAT FRESHWATER
GOES TO THE SHIP'S THREE POOLS, SIX WHIRLPOOLS,
A SMALL WATER PARK, A SURFING SIMULATOR
CALLED THE "FLOW RIDER" AND AN ICE SKATING RINK.
PREFER TO STAY DRY? THIS GIGANTIC SHIP
ALSO HAS NUMEROUS RESTAURANTS, A FULL BASKETBALL COURT,
MINIATURE GOLF COURSE AND A ROCK-CLIMBING WALL.
AT THE CENTER OF THE SHIP, TAKING UP NEARLY
A THIRD OF ITS LENGTH SITS AN ENORMOUS ATRIUM
CALLED THE ROYAL PROMENADE. >> IT IS SO MASSIVE
AND SO WIDE OPEN AND YOU REALLY FEEL LIKE
YOU'RE WALKING DOWN THIS STREET IN ANY CITY,
WITH THE STATEROOMS LOOKING ONTO THE STREET.
>> WHILE SHIPS BUILT WITH PASSENGER COMFORT IN MIND
HAVE BEEN SAILING SINCE THE EARLY 1800s,
IT WASN'T UNTIL THE LATE 1950s, THAT THE MODERN
CRUISE SHIP INDUSTRY CAME INTO BEING.
IT COINCIDED WITH THE EMERGENCE OF THE JET AGE.
AS PASSENGERS CHOSE LARGE, FAST PLANES
TO GET FROM POINT "A" TO "B," THE CRUISE SUDDENLY BECAME
MORE IMPORTANT THAN THE DESTINATION.
>> ROYAL CARIBBEAN STARTED IN 1968
AND FROM THAT POINT ON BASICALLY ROYAL CARIBBEAN HAS BUILT
EVOLUTIONS OF SHIPS THAT HAVE DOUBLED IN SIZE
EVERY 10 YEARS. >> TO GET CRUISE SHIPS
OF THIS SIZE OUT TO SEA INVOLVES AT LEAST TWO YEARS
OF PLANNING AND DESIGN AND ANOTHER TWO YEARS
OF CONSTRUCTION. ROYAL CARIBBEAN'S FREEDOM SHIPS
MAY BE SUPER, BUT THEY'LL SOON BE
SHARING THE OCEAN WITH AN EVEN BIGGER CLASS,
CARRYING UP TO 5,400 PASSENGERS. >><i> OASIS OF THE SEAS</i>
AND HER SISTER SHIP, <i>ALLURE OF THE SEAS,</i>
IS GONNA BE 220,000 GROSS REGISTERED TONS.
SO IT'S THE FIRST TIME EVER WE'RE GONNA GO
OVER THE 200,000-TON MARK. >> SUPER-SIZED CRUISE SHIPS
ARE IMPRESSIVE, BUT THEY JUST DON'T HAVE
THE CAPABILITY TO DO MANY OF THE THINGS
THIS SMALLER NAVY VESSEL CAN. "SUPER SHIPS" WILL RETURN
ON<i> MODERN MARVELS.</i> WE NOW RETURN TO "SUPER SHIPS"
ON... DIFFERENT SHIPS
HAVE DIFFERENT PURPOSES. CONTAINER SHIPS MAY SPECIALIZE
IN TRANSPORTING DRY OR REFRIGERATED CARGO,
AND TANKERS DELIVER FUEL, BUT THIS MULTI-TASKING SHIP
DOES BOTH. FOR THE NAVY, THAT'S THE ROLE
OF THE<i> CARL BRASHEAR.</i> >> THIS IS USNS<i> CARL BRASHEAR,</i>
NAMED AFTER THE FIRST BLACK MASTER DIVER IN THE NAVY,
ALSO THE FIRST AMPUTEE EVER TO BE REINSTATED
INTO ACTIVE DUTY. WE'RE BRAND-NEW,
JUST FRESH OUT OF THE BOX. >> THE U.S. NAVY'S MILITARY
SEALIFT COMMAND, OR MSC, LAUNCHED THE<i> CARL BRASHEAR</i>
IN SEPTEMBER 2008. THE SHIP IS CAPTAINED AND CREWED
BY 124 CIVILIAN MARINERS WITH AN 11-PERSON
MILITARY DEPARTMENT FOR ADDITIONAL SUPPORT.
>> THE NAVY HAS TURNED OVER ALL OF THEIR LOGISTICS,
SEAGOING ASSETS TO MILITARY SEALIFT COMMAND.
SO WE PROVIDE THEM WITH ALL OF THE ORDNANCE,
FUEL AND FOOD THAT THEY REQUIRE TO DO THEIR JOB.
>> THE SHIP IS ALSO PART OF MSC's T-AKE FLEET--
THEIR NEWEST, MOST ADVANCED, REPLENISHMENT SHIPS.
>> T-AKEs IN GENERAL CAN SUPPLY JUST ABOUT ANY SHIP OUT THERE,
WHETHER IT'S THE U.S. NAVY, FROM AN AIRCRAFT CARRIER
TO A FRIGATE TO A SUBMARINE, OR TO A FOREIGN MILITARY VESSEL.
WHATEVER THE MISSION IS, MSC WILL DO THE BEST
TO RESUPPLY THEIR NEEDS. >> HAULING FUEL AND SUPPLIES
IS ONE THING, BUT WHERE THE<i> CARL BRASHEAR</i>
EXCELS IS TRANSFERRING IT TO ANOTHER SHIP.
>> BASICALLY, IF EVERYTHING GOES AS PLANNED,
WE SHOOT TO HAVE THE OPERATION WORK ALMOST LIKE A SYMPHONY.
>> UNDERWAY REPLENISHMENT, OR UNREP, INVOLVES
MOVING CARGO SHIP TO SHIP WHILE BOTH ARE KEEPING
A DISTANCE OF ABOUT 200 FEET AND A CONSTANT SPEED
OF AROUND 15 MILES PER HOUR. >> THE FIRST MEANS TO START
THE UNDERWAY REPLENISHMENT IS BY SHOOTING THE SHOT LINE.
THE SHOT LINE HERE IS BASICALLY WHAT GETS
THE WHOLE PROCESS STARTED. THIS PROJECTILE, TO GET SET UP,
IS GONNA GO INTO THE END OF THIS MODIFIED M-14
AND THE SHOT LINE WILL GO IN THE HOLDER HERE.
ON THE CAPTAIN'S WORD, WE WILL BLOW THE WHISTLE
ONE TIME. WHEN THEY ARE READY,
THEY'LL BLOW IT TWICE, AND WE WILL FIRE
THE PROJECTILE OVER ONTO THEIR DECK.
[WHISTLING] [M-14 FIRES SHOT LINE]
>> THE CREW TIES THE SHOT LINE TO A HEAVY, BRAIDED
MESSENGER LINE ATTACHED TO A HIGH-TENSION WIRE.
>> THE WHOLE RIG IS DEPENDENT ON THE WIRE.
THEY'LL PULL THE WIRE ACROSS. WHEN THEY GIVE US THE WORD,
WE'LL TAKE A CERTAIN AMOUNT OF TENSION,
USUALLY 11,000 POUNDS OF TENSION ON IT.
THAT MAKES EVERYTHING NICE AND STRONG.
>> THAT'S STRONG ENOUGH TO HANDLE ABOUT 8,500 POUNDS
OF CARGO OR FUEL AT A TIME. FOR SMALLER LOADS OF CARGO,
THE SHIP CAN ALSO USE AN ONBOARD HELICOPTER.
THIS SEAGOING GIANT HAS 887,000 CUBIC FEET
OF DRY CARGO SPACE. THAT'S EQUIVALENT
TO A FOOTBALL FIELD ALMOST TWO STORIES HIGH.
THAT MEANS THE<i> CARL BRASHEAR'S</i> 25 FORKLIFTS CAN HANDLE
OVER 2,500 PALLETS WORTH OF FOOD, SUPPLIES AND AMMUNITION
ON EACH TRIP. >> THE ORDNANCE THAT WE CARRY,
IT'S A LOT OF MISSILES, IT'S A LOT OF BOMBS, SMALL ARMS,
ANYTHING THAT GOES BOOM IN A CONVENTIONAL WAY,
WE'LL CARRY. >><i> CARL BRASHEAR</i> ALSO TRANSPORTS
ONE MILLION GALLONS WORTH OF CARGO FUEL.
>> IT'S A 70-30 SPLIT, 70% OF IT'S DFM,
30% OF IT'S JP5. DFM IS THE FUEL
THAT WE REPLENISH THE NAVY VESSELS WITH
THAT RUN THEIR PROPULSION FOR THEIR ENGINES.
JP5 IS USUALLY THE JET FUEL THAT'S USED FOR AIRCRAFT,
WHETHER IT'S FIXED-WING OR HELICOPTERS.
>> THE SHIP CAN PUMP JP5 AT A RATE
OF 2,500 GALLONS A MINUTE AND DFM
AT 3,000 GALLONS A MINUTE. IF A SHIP NEEDS MORE DFM,
A T-AKE SHIP CAN TRANSFER SOME FROM ITS OWN FUEL SUPPLY
OF A MILLION GALLONS. IT MAY TRANSFER CARGO
IMPRESSIVELY, BUT IT'S HOW THE<i> CARL BRASHEAR</i>
IS MANEUVERED THAT UPS
ITS SUPER SHIP STANDING. >> THIS BRIDGE
IS DESIGNED TO BE OPERATED BY A SINGLE PERSON.
WE DON'T OPERATE IT LIKE THAT YET,
BUT IT IS DESIGNED TO DO SO. WE CAN PLOT A TRACK FROM HERE
TO WHEREVER WE'RE GONNA GO AND THEN ONCE WE GET CLEAR
OF THE CHANNEL, TURN THE COMPUTER ON
AND HAVE IT STEER AND IT'LL MAKE
THE COURSE CHANGES. >> IT'S JUST, EVERYTHING FOR ME
TO CONN THE SHIP DURING MY WATCH,
IS RIGHT HERE. AND THAT'S VERY DIFFERENT
FROM ANY OTHER SHIP THAT I'VE BEEN ON BEFORE.
>> WE COULD DO EVERYTHING WE WANTED RIGHT HERE
THROUGH THESE CONSOLES. >> THERE ARE FOUR
SIMILAR CONSOLES LOCATED THROUGHOUT THE SHIP.
>> I'VE GOT ONE OF THESE IN MY STATEROOM AND OFFICE,
SO I CAN LOOK AT ALL THE SAME SCREENS
THAT THEY CAN LOOK AT. >> THE ENGINE ROOM
IS SUPER-AUTOMATED AS WELL. >> RIGHT NOW,
WE'RE IN THE E.O.S., WHICH STANDS FOR
ENGINEERING OPERATING STATION, AND WE'RE CONTROLLING
THE ENGINE ROOM. RIGHT NOW, NUMBER TWO
MAIN DIESEL GENERATOR IS ONLINE AND IF WE WANTED
TO START ANOTHER ONE, WE'D JUST PRESS THE BUTTON AND GO.
>> WITH MSC, WE GO WITH THE NAVY.
SO IF THERE'S A CONFLICT, WE ARE THERE.
WE SUPPLY THE NAVY GUYS NO MATTER WHERE THEY ARE.
>> SAILING AROUND THE WORLD AS A NON-COMBATANT
PART OF THE NAVY MAY COME WITH SOME RISKS,
BUT HAS AN ADDED BENEFIT. >> ANY PIRATE THAT WENT AFTER
A GRAY-PAINTED SHIP WOULD-- IS A STUPID PIRATE.
>> THE<i> CARL BRASHEAR</i> MAY BE SUPER-SOPHISTICATED
ON THE INSIDE, BUT AT LEAST IT LOOKS LIKE
A TRADITIONAL VESSEL ON THE OUTSIDE.
NOT SO FOR ANOTHER SUPER VESSEL SO UNUSUAL
THAT MANY OF ITS MISSIONS STILL NEED TO BE DEFINED.
"SUPER SHIPS" WILL RETURN ON<i> MODERN MARVELS.</i>
WE NOW RETURN TO "SUPER SHIPS" ON...
NEW SUPER SHIPS ARE NOT ONLY CREATED BY LARGE COMPANIES
WITH BIG SHIPYARDS. SOME BEGIN IN GARAGES LIKE THIS,
THE HOME BASE FOR MARINE ADVANCED RESEARCH.
IT'S ALSO THE WORKSHOP OF UGO CONTI,
A MAN WITH A DREAM OF A RADICAL NEW SHIP DESIGN.
HIS NEW CONCEPT IS CALLED THE WAVE ADAPTIVE MODULAR VESSEL
OR WAM-V. >> SO THE FANTASY
AT THE BEGINNING OF THIS PROJECT WAS TO RIDE A STORM.
IT'S ALMOST LIKE SURFING. IN OTHER WORDS, YOU CAN CHOOSE
WHERE ON THE WAVE YOU CAN BE. OKAY, THIS IS THE FANTASY.
WELL, OF COURSE, THE REALITY IS NOT HERE YET BECAUSE YOU REALLY
HAVE TO DEVELOP A LOT OF TECHNOLOGY
AND BASICALLY HAVE TO HAVE A LOT OF MONEY TO DO THAT.
>> AFTER SEVERAL YEARS OF DEVELOPMENT
AND BACKING FROM INVESTORS, UGO CREATED A 100-FOOT PROTOTYPE
CALLED THE<i> PROTEUS.</i> >> ALL OVER THE WORLD,
THEY'RE JUST FASCINATED BY THE FACT
THAT THERE IS A NEW SPECIES. THEY CALL IT THE SPIDER BOAT.
>> THE KEY TO THIS SPIDER-LIKE BOAT
IS A CATAMARAN DESIGN, FLEXIBLE HULLS AND STRUCTURE,
AS WELL AS SUSPENSION. THESE ALLOW FOR THE VESSEL
TO CONFORM TO THE WATER RATHER THAN THE WATER
CONFORMING TO THE VESSEL. >> THERE'S A BALL JOINT
UP FORWARD ON THIS FORWARD ARCH AND THAT ALLOWS THE TWO HULLS
TO BASICALLY MOVE SEMI-INDEPENDENTLY
FROM ONE ANOTHER AS THEY'RE ENCOUNTERING WAVES.
AND THAT IN TURN TRANSLATES TO A MUCH MORE STABLE RIDE
FOR THE CENTER STRUCTURE UP HERE BECAUSE THE HULLS CAN MOVE,
THE ARCHES CAN MOVE, BUT THEN THE CENTER STRUCTURE
STAYS MORE STABLE RELATIVE TO THOSE
AND RELATIVE TO THE SEA MOTION. >> KEEPING THE SHIP LIGHT
ALLOWS IT TO RIDE ON TOP OF THE WAVES.
>> WE HAVE BASICALLY ANODIZED ALUMINUM FOR KIND OF
THE CENTER STRUCTURE. WE HAVE POLYURETHANE FABRIC
FOR THE INFLATABLE PORTION, FOR THE HULLS,
AND THE TITANIUM COMES IN ON THE ACTUAL SPRINGS.
>> THE HULL IS INFLATABLE. WELL, THE ADVANTAGE OF THAT
IS THAT IT IS SOFT. BEING SOFT
ALLOWS FOR THE SMALL WAVES TO BE ABSORBED LIKE A TIRE,
LIKE A TIRE ON THE RIM IN A CAR. >> TO BETTER DEMONSTRATE
THE TECHNOLOGY BEHIND THE WAM-V DESIGN,
UGO HAULS OUT HIS LATEST CREATION,
A 12-FOOT-LONG VERSION TO BE USED
FOR AUTONOMOUS MISSIONS. >> WE CAN SEE THAT
THIS ONE HAS SPRINGS, AND THAT ALLOWS,
WHEN THIS BOAT IS IN THE SEAWAY WITH THE WAVES,
IT ALLOWS IT TO REDUCE THE MOTION
OF THE ACTUAL PAYLOAD, WHICH IS ON TOP OF HERE.
THESE ARE SPRINGS AND SHOCK ABSORBERS
AT THE SAME TIME, AND THIS ONE,
IT'S ANOTHER TYPE OF SPRING THAT MAKES THE WHOLE MOTION
EASY AT THE BEGINNING AND HARDER AT THE END.
IF YOU HAVE A BIG WAVE, THIS ONE, INSTEAD OF
DIGGING INTO THE WAVE AND MAKING A LOT OF RESISTANCE
AND THE THING STOPS AND MAYBE EVEN OVERTURNS,
WHICH CATAMARANS DO, THIS ONE WILL GO LIKE THIS
AND ACTUALLY FOLD. SO THERE IS A BIG ADVANTAGE
IN DOING THAT. IF YOU HAVE AN ACCIDENT
OR YOU'RE GOING AGAINST SOMETHING
THERE WILL BE NO DAMAGE TO THE THING
YOU ARE GOING AGAINST AND ALSO TO THE BOAT ITSELF.
>> THE<i> PROTEUS</i> AND ITS SMALL COUSIN FEATURE
A HINGED PROPULSION SYSTEM ON THE BACK.
>> BECAUSE OF THE HINGE, THIS CAN DO THAT.
SO YOU SEE THE PROPELLER OR THE JET INTAKE,
WHATEVER IT IS, IS ACTUALLY FREE TO MOVE
AND STAY IN THE WATER, EVEN IF YOU HAVE--
THE SHAPE OF THE WATER IS ACTUALLY LIKE THAT.
IF THIS WERE RIGID, YOU LIFT THIS ONE,
THAT COMES OUT, YOU LOSE PROPULSION,
AND THAT'S NOT GOOD. >> WHILE THE SMALLER WAM-V
WILL HAVE A COMPUTERIZED COMPARTMENT ON TOP,
UGO BUILT THE LARGER<i> PROTEUS</i> TO HAVE A REMOVABLE MODULE
THAT CAN BE SWITCHED OUT FOR DIFFERENT USES.
>> IF YOU ARE DOING, FOR INSTANCE, SCIENTIFIC STUFF,
WELL, YOU MAY WANT A MODULE THAT IS A CHEMICAL LAB,
ANOTHER ONE IS A BIOLOGICAL LAB, ANOTHER ONE IS
A PLATFORM FOR DIVERS. >> WITH MULTIPLE MODULES
COMES MULTIPLE POTENTIALS FOR A<i> PROTEUS</i> TYPE OF VESSEL.
>> ONE OF THE MOST INTERESTING THING IS
THAT YOU BASICALLY HAVE A GANTRY CRANE--
YOU KNOW, A CRANE, A GANTRY ON THE WATER.
IT CAN GO OVER PEOPLE FOR SEARCH AND RESCUE,
FOR INSTANCE, AND PICK THEM UP LIKE A HELICOPTER
WITH THE ADVANTAGE OF BEING ABLE TO STAY AT SEA MUCH LONGER,
TO GO MUCH FURTHER OUT, BECAUSE THE HELICOPTER
HAS A LIMITED RANGE AND SO ON. THE OTHER ONE IS FOR RESEARCH,
FOR INSTANCE, IN MARINE SANCTUARIES.
NOW MARINE SANCTUARIES ARE, IN MOST PLACES, VERY DELICATE.
THE IDEA IS THAT YOU HAVE A BOAT
WHICH DOES NOT HAVE MUCH ECOLOGICAL IMPACT,
A VESSEL THAT CAN DO THINGS THAT OTHER BOATS
CANNOT REALLY DO. >> IT WOULD BE NICE
TO SEE THESE OUT THERE IN ALL THESE DIFFERENT SIZES.
I MEAN, THAT WOULD BE MY VISION FOR THE FUTURE.
>> THE WAM-V IS JUST ONE OF MANY REVOLUTIONARY
NEW VESSEL DESIGNS. IT MAY NOT QUALIFY AS A SHIP,
BUT THIS SMALL, UNASSUMING HOVERCRAFT
IS DEFINITELY SUPER. AT SLOW SPEEDS,
UNIVERSAL HOVERCRAFT'S APTLY NAMED HOVERWING
SKIMS ACROSS THE RIVER, BUT REV IT UP
TO 55 MILES PER HOUR AND WATCH IT FLY
UP TO 10 FEET OVER THE WATER, NOT BAD FOR A VESSEL
THAT'LL ONLY SET YOU BACK ABOUT $10,000 TO $14,000.
BUT AT THAT PRICE, YOU HAVE TO BUILD IT FROM A KIT.
THIS 19-FOOT-LONG VESSEL CURRENTLY ONLY SEATS
TWO TO SIX PEOPLE, BUT SIZE IT UP
AND IT'S A POTENTIAL FUTURE SUPER SHIP.
DOWN UNDER, AN AUSTRALIAN COMPANY
IS GIVING SHIPS WINGS OF A DIFFERENT SORT.
THE SOLAR SAILOR COMPANY IS CURRENTLY USING SOLAR SAILS
TO CREATE HYBRID MARINE POWER FOR THEIR 100-PASSENGER FERRY.
SOLAR ENERGY CAN ACCOUNT FOR AS MUCH AS 100%
OF THE VESSEL'S POWER AT 5 KNOTS OR ABOUT 20% AT 10 KNOTS.
THE NEXT STEP, TO CREATE SOLAR SAILS FOR SHIPS
OF ALL SHAPES AND SIZES. AND IF THAT HAPPENS,
OUR MOST SPECTACULAR SHIPS WILL BECOME EVEN MORE SUPER
AND EFFICIENT. CAPTIONING PERFORMED BY
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