Modern Air Combat | Basic Terminology Explanations | 1 circle Vs 2 circle | MAR | Cranking | DCS |

[Music] hey guys how you doing welcome back to another video the channel has grown significantly in the past couple months and we've picked up a lot of new people and so naturally a lot of you are not familiar with a lot of these concepts one circle two circle radius rate um the mar the crank uh fox one fox two fox three um these are things that we're gonna talk about in this video very basic explanations i'm not gonna go too deep and uh you know get too complicated but i just wanna show you guys the basics and make sure that you understand so that you can follow along in future videos okay let's go ahead and get started so the one i really want to start with is the difference between a one circle and a two circle fight i get this question all the time so we're gonna have a look here the one circle fight is a nose to nose radius fight in an attempt to get to the bandit's control zone we're going to have a look at what the control zone is in a second but you can see this image on the screen here this is a one circle fight generally in a merge it is this is how you can identify it is you get one bandit that turns this way and the second bandit that he's merging with will turn this way as well essentially forming one circle is how you can remember it all right let's have a look at what the control zone means and we'll come back here so what is the control zone the control zone is a cone behind the bandit where the attacker has room to maneuver to prevent an overshoot caused by sudden maneuvering it is a zone where the offensive aircraft controls the fight completely and the defender has to purely react to the offensive aircraft and is forced to maneuver in relation to the offensive aircraft the goal of the offensive aircraft is to arrive in the control zone with range angles and closure under control and so this is the general area of the control zone it's kind of back here you don't want to be too close to the bandit over here because sudden movements could force you to squirt out in front and he has now forced an overshoot so you kind of want to just sit back here in the perfect little area now the parameters of the control zone uh are dependent on the banded aircraft so where this cone is exactly is dependent on what this is what kind of aircraft you're fighting and so an example of that would be if this was a sukhoi and he was capable of doing a cobra you know and you you want to be sitting a little bit further back if that's the case your control zone moves back a little so if he suddenly reduces speed you still have a shot you can you know reposition or do whatever you have to do to stay behind him that's kind of one of the major reasons where we talk about bfm and the cobra being ineffective in a bfm engagement in a guns only fight or something like that is because technically if the offensive aircraft is situated correctly in the control zone say it's back here let's just pretend then if he does do a cobra assuming that he's a sukhoi 27 or something you're still in the correct position to kill him or to stay in control of the fight so that is the control zone okay so now we know what the control zone is let's look at this definition again a one circle fight is a nose to nose radius fight in an attempt to get to the bandit's control zone okay and here we have once again the definition of control zone if you've already forgotten it and uh so radius is one half the size of an aircraft's turn circle offensively a smaller turn radius permits a turn inside the defender's turn circle to achieve a weapon solution defensively a smaller turn radius will deny a weapon solution and force the of the offensive aircraft to fly outside the turn circle okay so let's look at this if you were the sukhoi here and you know you got in a one-circle fight this is an f-15 you pull the cobra button and you pull a really tight circle um f-15 does a massive circle you know he's got a lot of speed so he ends up way out here you can see that right here you have a weapon solution you have your fox 2 shot and he still hasn't got the nose around to take that shot on you so the fact that you did a tighter circle or a smaller radius allowed you to get into a offensive position for a weapon solution sooner than he could and so that's the offensive action in a defensive action you can see that this sukhoi 27 is actually safe from the f-15 because he's got a tighter circle f15 still doesn't have a shot so he's you know offensively superior and defensively he's also in a better position and just before we go to the two circle i just want to touch on one more thing once again to help you remember notice how this was a nose to nose fight okay so both noses turning towards each other as explained earlier that's another way to remember it okay nose to nose fight okay let's go to two circle all right and now we're looking at the two circle fights so the two circle fight is a nose to tail rate fight in an attempt to get to the bandit's control zone there's that word again control zone on the screen here you have an example of the two circle a nice way to remember it is you know you got one aircraft is making one circle and the other one is making another circle so you end up with almost like a figure eight this is a two circle this is a two circle rate fight the turn rate is defined in terms of number of degrees per second of heading change on a given turn circle the aircraft with the higher turn rate travels around the circle quicker and achieves a fire solution sooner than the aircraft with the slower turn rate okay so that's obviously something you would have seen in all the videos when we do our rate fights if the sukhoi 27 can get a rate of let's say 13 degrees a second okay and let's just pretend i'm just throwing arbitrary numbers out there um the f-15 can get i don't know something crazy like let's say he can get 32 degrees a second which is insane 32 is really high what's going to happen is you see a dramatic difference between these two aircraft in terms of rate that means by the time the sukhoi 27 gets maybe here in the circle the f-15 has come all the way around and he's probably here and very close to a fire solution right and the sukhoi 27 is still nose very far away and the f-15s pretty much got nose on a couple more degrees and he's going to kill him so this is what you would define as the number of degrees per second of heading change on a given turn circle that's what that means all right so now that we have a better understanding of you know the one circle two circle this is the next question i get a lot what does it mean when you say a bandit is hot bandit is cold all these things so let's pretend that we are this f-18 over here and this is the bandit the mig-29 over here when you say the bandit is hot what you're saying is that his nose is pointed towards you okay he's coming towards you he's nose hot okay alternatively when you say bandit is cold what you're saying is that you know his nose is pointed away from you that's what going cold means bandit cold if you said like i'm going cold what you're implying is that you are turning away from the bandage let's pretend the bandit is like this he's coming towards you and you go cold that means you're turning away from the bandit nose away from the bandit in this picture here the mig-29 is cold to the f-18 and the last and final position is flanking bandit is flanking this means that he is perpendicular to your flight path he's flying this way you're flying this way bandit is flanking he's neither hot nor cold he is flanking okay so now we're going to talk about the minimum abort range or mar this is the minimum distance between your aircraft and the bandit where you must abort to avoid being hit by the bandit's missile if you are inside the mar the only way to survive is to decoy the missile that's with a counter measure or you know a notch or something like that the minimum abort range is dependent on these factors altitude the type of missile being fired at you and the speed that it was fired now i put speed in parentheses we'll talk about that in a second it's altitude so it changes based on altitude the mar in dcs on the deck is 10 miles at high altitudes at 30 000 feet is 30 miles the reason for that is because the thinner air the missile can travel a further distance therefore at higher altitudes the mar is bigger okay the type of missile being fired at you is obviously important because you know you get the r27 er versus what if it's an amram fired at you obviously the performance differences of the missiles will affect what the the minimum abort range is and finally we have speed the reason i put speed in parentheses is technically because it it does affect the mar but you're always going to assume that the bandit is taking the highest probability of kill shot which means you're always going to assume that your bandit is fast he's even if he's mach 1 you're always going to assume he's at least mach 1 okay even if he's mach 1.5 you're gonna assume he's mach 1.5 even if he's mach 1. so you're going to assume worst case scenario in order to determine what the minimum abort range is so the next thing we're going to talk about is the crank you hear me talk a lot about cranking and bvr videos and things like that to crank is to maneuver beyond the effective range of a missile it implies illuminating the bandit at radar gimbal limits in beyond visual range combat so what does that mean so let's say that we are this f-15 here and we're flying straight right we're flying this way missile is fired at us it's this missile here let's say it's just come off the rail what we're going to do is turn right like this and you know we get this angle off here this angle off is going to be the gimbal limit now what what does gimbal limit mean you have a radar dish in the tip of your nose in every aircraft okay this is your radar it is on a gimbal that means it can turn so like let's pretend this is your radar dish it can turn a certain degrees this way and a certain degrees this way okay so your gimbal limit is this radar dish this radar dish looking this way okay that's the maximum distance that it can turn this way and look at the bandit this is the gimbal limit for a lot of aircraft it's different let's say this is once again online it depends how many degrees off you can go some aircraft can go 140 you know 150 160 degrees um that really depends on your aircraft but um depending on how far your gimbal limit is you're gonna crank to the gimbal limit okay now what does this achieve what it does is this missile that was fired at you will be forced to turn missiles have a finite fuel so the burn of the missile may have ended here this is where the fuel ends the rest of the missile the rest of the journey the missile has to make on what the kinetic energy it already has from the the motor and the fuel that it burned to get here in the first place from here on out it's on its own kinetic energy every time that you make a missile turn you are bleeding its energy a little bit so when you're turning and you're offsetting forcing the missile to choose a lead off in front of you like over here instead of just flying straight at it letting it hit you in the face you're increasing the missile's flight time right this is a longer distance to travel than a straight line to hit you in the face increased flight time is going to have more friction more drag on it okay the battery may run out and essentially you are maneuvering beyond the effective range of the missile you are reducing the effectiveness of the missile alternatively what you're doing is you got your gimbal you got your your radar you know staring at this guy guiding in the missile that you fired this is your amram and you're guiding it to pitbull so that it can hit the target and basically you you've already fired your missile you fired it here maybe and the missiles traveled all this distance and you're offset so you're doing all of these things you're reducing the cr the effectiveness of the bandit's missile while at the same time continuing to provide guidance information for your missile to hit him okay this is the crank it is an encompassment of all of these things together in one concept is called the crank okay and last but not least we're going to talk about fox codes fox 1 2 3 a lot of people have said that they thought fox code meant you know first missile you fire as fox one second one you fire is fox 2 fox 3 so on so on um that is incorrect so what is a fox 1 it is a semi-active radar guided missile the fox one two three is a code determining what kind of missile you fired okay what kind of guidance system that missile is using to hit the target a semi-active radar-guided missile is something like a sparrow okay a sparrow aim seven sparrow is a fox one and what that means is this missile requires information from the launch aircraft in order to hit the target that up you know illuminating the target so the missile can see it and hit it should the launch aircraft be destroyed this missile goes stupid it's also destroyed okay this is a fox one semi-active radar guided the next missile type is the fox 2 the infrared guided missile this is your aim 9 sidewinder heat seekers this is when you fire them the seeker is looking for flames afterburner heat that's what it's looking for in order to hit the target it is fox 2 infrared guided missile and the third kind fox 3 is active radar guided missile this is something like the amram aim 120 it means that this missile requires information from this aircraft from the launch aircraft but should this aircraft go cold or be destroyed this missile has an onboard radar that can take over the guidance okay that's that's the first thing that it means and so therefore this missile technically does not require launch information from the aircraft however if it loses the launch aircraft too far from the target it could become ineffective it does need to be within a certain range in order to be able to see the aircraft with its own radar the other thing that's being implied when you say fox 3 is that assuming that this aircraft provides this missile guidance until it gets to a range that it likes this range is called pitbull pit bull p-b-u-l-l i apologize for my spelling here i'm writing with a mouse pitbull this means that this missile has switched off getting information from the launch aircraft it no longer wants it and it uses its own radar in terminal guidance in order to hit the the bandit okay it's using its own radar it will at at any point at some point during this launch this missile will take over and use its own radar to hit the target the other really nice thing about the fox 3's is they can be they can be fired in sam mode situational awareness mode or tws or twiz this means that they will not send a notification to the aircraft unless they go pitbull when they go pitbulled then he gets the rwr warning until then it's completely quiet he'll have no idea that a missile was fired at him but the fox ones they do give an rwr warning they give an rwr right off the rail because they have to be fired in single target track rwr warning right off the rail with fox 1. fox 3 not so much you can fire in tws they can be silent until pitbull and when it comes to fox 2's the seeker head there's no emission of radar like uh like you know fox 1 fox 3 so there is no rwr warning for a fox 2 missile at any point it is always tracking heat there is no radar so there's no rwr warning for the bandit the only way to know that a fox 2 was fired at you is to visually see it okay you need to see the missile be fired at you that being said there are some aircraft that have systems that can see the flame from the back of a missile and they'll give you a warning but i'm just speaking very generally fox 2s no rwrs okay guys that's going to be the video for today thank you for watching i hope that you found it useful maybe some things you didn't know were answered for you and i hope that you can follow along better in videos now going forward remember that in the tack view of every video we do discuss things in further detail so if you don't understand something i will probably talk about it attack view so stick around for that portion okay guys thanks for watching and i'll see you in the next one bye guys you

Channel: Growling Sidewinder

Views: 396,100

Keywords: DCS, Digital, combat, simulator, dcs supercarrier, dcs dogfight, dcs world, Military, army, air force, F-16 Viper, F-14 Tomcat, F-15 Eagle, J-15, South China Sea, Dogfight, F-22 Raptor, Mig-29, how to, tutorial, guide, F-18 Hornet, Microsoft flight simulator, BFM, Eagle Dynamics, JF-17 Thunder, F35, super carrier, korea, air combat, world war 2, war thunder, navy, fulcrum, us military, defence, Mirage, dogfight, f22, f18, hornet, f16, rafale, french, f14, tomcat, viper, mirage, bfm, 1 circle, 2 circle

Id: Biphq8Bqe7I

Length: 17min 33sec (1053 seconds)

Published: Sat Nov 28 2020