Major Discovery of Loud Gravitational Vibrations Across The Entire Universe

in 1967 a young researcher named Jocelyn Bell identified an unusual radio mission that you can kind of see right here that was very predictable seemed to have a pattern that we've never seen before and more importantly was coming from the same location in outer space this signal back then did not have a name but almost right away researchers started referring to it as lgm little green man because this was at that point the best evidence we had for potential alien life but it didn't take long for the scientists to figure out that it actually matched better with another theoretical prediction from astrophysics these unusual signals which were then detected elsewhere were better explained by another concept known as the neutron star with powerful enough Manila sphere to produce very powerful emissions in two directions what this New Concept eventually being referred to as a pulsar or a pulsating neutron star and this was essentially a discovery of a blue in your object that would eventually redefine how we see astronomy but also in the process teaches so much more about the universe than we never knew before how wonderful person this is Anton and so today we're going to be talking about that big announcement of 2023. one of the biggest International collaborations in terms of scientific research that finally physically confirmed something we've been suspecting for a pretty long time our universe seems to be filled with a lot of different vibrations coming from the space time itself so-called gravitational wave background in essence background noise where the space time itself starts to oscillate vibrate move around shift around without pretty much anyone noticing anything and only visible if you study distant objects with very precise observations such as the ones that pulsars allow us to do and so in this video let's go through someones discoveries and what we know so far and what future research will probably reveal now technically this video is part 2 and the previous video is in the description below and goes through a lot of clarifications on previous research and previous data discovered in the last few years but because I know most of you will probably not watch that video and instead want the answer now let me give you the basic summary so in general the gravitational wave research is a relatively new field I mean it existed for a pretty long time since Einstein proposed it over a hundred years ago but the actual proof of gravitational waves only came in 2015 and since 2015 various facilities have already uncovered approximately a hundred different gravitational wave events with some being really intriguing and somewhat unusual you can find some of them in the description below but so far all of these events involved either a neutron star or a black hole colliding producing a very specific frequency usually a frequency in hundreds or thousands of Hertz technically something that should be audible to human ear but because we're talking about the gravitational waves which basically isolate the speech time itself and not any molecules or atoms the only way you'll be able to hear this is actually if you were extremely close to the source of a collision and so technically you could hear it but you would probably have a lot of other problems to deal with such as being so close to a black hole anyway more about this in one of the future videos that should be on the channel really soon so make sure to subscribe if you want to learn more but in terms of the gradational wave spectrum just like with other frequencies it is a really large Spectrum you can obviously have things that are extremely high in frequency such as for example coming from rotating neutron stars or supernova or you can also have things that are extremely low in frequency and here we're talking about objects that are much more massive and possibly produce weaves that are much higher in amplitude so I guess one way of imagining all of these waves together is sort of imagining an ocean we have all these waves bouncing around all sorts of waves interacting with one another some waves larger than other waves and some ways barely perceivable by anything and so some of these larger waves or waves that have a very long wavelength would practically be undetectable from planet Earth because they would pass through Earth without anything ever noticing and I think here one of the best analogies is once again ocean waves but in this case tsunami waves now today we actually have a really interesting technique in detecting incoming tsunami waves before they can cause damage on land no muywana tsunamis in deep ocean it's almost impossible to feel it or detect it unless you have specialized buoys put specific sensors and here it's because the wavelength of these waves is extremely long for a wave in a deep ocean the wavelength can be in hundreds of kilometers and only have an altitude of approximately a few meters maybe even lower but by using surface buoys anchored to a certain location it's possible to detect my new changes when tsunami wave passes through them and so by having several of these boys around the ocean it then becomes more obvious that something is actually coming toward land thus producing what's known as a tsunami warning and these are usually almost 100 accurate but if it wasn't for these buoys across various locations in the ocean it would be impossible to detect these waves in a nutshell that's sort of what the scientists did here as well except that the buoys in this case are very distant pulsers Pulsar is located hundreds or even thousands of light years away from one another and in different locations across the Milky Way but pulsars whose pulsations have been measured for many years and whose positions are extremely precise we're talking about atomic clock precise I mean it's actually been suggested that we use these pulsers to measure time instead of atomic clocks that's how precise they are but sometimes something happens in the actual position gets a bit of a glitch now this does happen inside neutron stars very often because of some kind of a reshuffling or essentially some kind of a for the lack of bad award star quick but what if this unusual glitch happens around several posters and especially if those pulsers are hundreds or thousands of light years apart now that becomes a little bit more intriguing why would several posters suddenly experience a similar glitch even though they're so far apart from one another the only reasonable explanation that makes sense is that it's actually the space time itself that glitched in other words it's possible that some kind of a space-time tsunami passed through this region and glitched all of them at the same time now this is what we would call a nanohertz gravitational wave or a gravitational wave whose amplitude is in hundreds or thousands of light years in length which we believe can be produced by very very massive objects such as for example supermassive black holes or even interaction between Galactic objects but I guess more importantly it's something that could be going on around us at all times because some of these black holes are going to be orbiting around one another for a very very long time and as the orbit they produce these waves but there are many of them so they actually produce a kind of a massive gravitational noise a vibration with wavelengths in hundreds and thousands of light years that seems to be detectable only if you look at these distant buoys pulsers and well that's precisely what the scientists just did actually they didn't just do it they've been doing these observations for the past 15 years and this is their third official release with this one being particularly exciting because it seems to suggest that there's definitely something out there but something that we currently cannot explain now I'm going to try to post all of the studies behind this in the description below and there are quite a few Studies by the way but so far every one of them discovers the same thing and to me personally this is the best part of this research this was several independent teams from different countries from different facilities and even using completely different Pulsar data that all did pretty much the same research and found pretty much the same thing the Uber discovered and denied proof that there is a background gravitational noise that actually even seems to be a little bit louder than anyone expected and it could not have come from posters themselves it could not have come from for example errors in measurements it really seems to be a result of something super super massive creating large amounts of waves all across the universe vibrating the entire galaxy and essentially creating this unreal background noise noise that makes everything sort of wobble and move around but in a way that's not really perceivable to physical life I mean the only way we can actually see this is because we're observing these precise observations from Individual pulsers but without these posers it would be impossible to see this otherwise but because we're seeing these glitches coming from pulsers in a very specific way it implies that something is definitely happening there and in total all of these teams together studied 115 different pulsers but they actually chose different bolsers based on the observations and the data available and to be more specific the biggest team was from nanograph North American collaboration we had the same results but using different pulsers from EPT which stands for European poster timing array same results but different pulsers from the Australian Parks pulsory timing array ppta that's actually been collecting data for over 20 years now same results different posters from cpta Chinese Pulsar timing array this one using the largest radio telescope we have on the planet the Chinese fast telescope same story same results from npt Indian pulse retirement array and SEPTA South African Pulsar timing array as well and all in all this is one of the biggest scientific collaborations since the results from the EHD or Event Horizon telescope and begin themes for releasing the first picture of a black hole and so here the results are very difficult to argue with different teams different pulsers exactly the same results and the result being that there is a long wavelength periodation with producing some kind of a low pitch hum or the word exactly who is producing a thumb is a question that nobody can answer right now it could be obviously black holes would binary supermassive black holes being one of the best candidates but it could also be a lot of other things as well for example one of the suggestions here is maybe this is from various cosmic strings the result of a rapid change in the early universe that produced these unusual formations that created vibrations in the early Universe still audible today if so this would be a direct result of the concept known as inflation or the sudden increase in size of the entire universe likewise another proposition involves the idea of the big bonds the precursor universe that might have collapsed on itself before starting a new Big Bang so maybe here we're hearing remnants of the previous Universe now that's a very big assumption and it's definitely going to require way more evidence but it is currently one of the alternative explanations likewise maybe this is something to do with pulsers themselves maybe we've discovered a completely new property of posters we've never known about before and it's nothing to do with waves at all it's the posters that are doing this unusual vibration but still the most likely and is the most accepted explanation is in regards to supermassive black holes very likely orbiting around one another in centers of various galaxies Across the Universe in this case we're talking about thousands or maybe even millions of them what many of them potentially on a collision course as well but in this case this does create a bit of a problem because physically or in terms of observations we haven't really discovered that many of these supermassive black hole binaries compared to what the scientists predict so far there's even something called final parsec problem that you can learn more about in a video in the description that sort of suggests that it would be very difficult for supermassive black holes to collide but more importantly so far there's actually only a handful of potential candidates for Galaxies with maybe binary supermassive black holes in the middle and so the fact that they're not very common is one of the mysteries of modern Universe nevertheless the discovery from these pulsers that you can see right there across the Milky Way is almost definitely there it's almost five Sigma and in physics 5 Sigma is very very difficult to argue against okay technically it's actually a 4.6 Sigma so here the percentage is something like 99.349 correct but because there are several teams doing the study and they all have the same result it's actually very likely to be true but I guess more surprisingly the evidence here suggests that the waves themselves are also at least twice as loud as they were expected to be so the universe is not just vibrating it's also vibrating kind of loudly producing these wavelengths thousands of light years in Orange coming from some mysterious objects out there but this is of course just the first discovery but this research still going on actively for at least a few more years now we might have more confirmations within the next year or two but the actual observations are going to be done for at least four more years possibly longer and following this within the next couple of years we might finally see some of the hot spots where these gravitational waves are coming from individually at the moment it's all just noise to us we don't really know what's happening but eventually we'll hopefully see the source and since the noise was discovered to be so loud it has to be something really massive more massive than anyone expected and so naturally we're going to be coming back and talking more about this in some of the videos in the future either way though once we have more information I'll make sure to follow this up with another video Until then thank you for watching subscribe share this with someone who loves everyone about space and Sciences come back tomorrow to learn something else and maybe support this channel on patreon by Julian Channel membership or by buying the wonderful person t-shirt you can find in the description stay wonderful I'll see you tomorrow and as always bye oh and of course congratulations to all of the teams responsible for these incredible findings cannot wait to hear more about new discoveries [Music] [Music] foreign

Channel: Anton Petrov

Views: 275,430

Keywords: gravitational waves, background hum, pulsar timing array, ligo, karga, virgo, anton petrov, science, physics, astrophysics, astronomy, universe, whatdamath, what da math, technology, imbh, galaxy, galaxies, cluster, star cluster, clusters, black hole cluster, black hole collision, colliding black holes, gravitation waves, black holes, black hole, impossible black hole, ztf, unusual space detection, precession, GW200129, can you surf gravitational waves, can you surf, surfing gravitational waves

Id: eTDJ5uVlCOA

Length: 15min 39sec (939 seconds)

Published: Thu Jun 29 2023