Hi, I'm Rebecca, and welcome to this class
on the present continuous tense, which is also called the present progressive tense.
Now, this class is part of the engVid series on English verb tenses. So, the present continuous
tense is a basic tense. It's usually one of the first tenses that you start to learn when
you start studying English. However, it doesn't exist in every language, and it might not
exist in your language. So, it's possible to make mistakes very easily and it's a basic
tense, so we really don't want to make those kind of mistakes. So, just stay with me. We're
going to go through it step by step. I'll show you exactly how to use it, we'll do lots
of practice together, and you will understand and be able to use it. So, are you ready?
Let's start. So, there are two basic tenses, first, to
start to talk about the present. They are the present simple and the present continuous,
okay? We know it has two names, I'm just going to use one name. So, what's the difference?
Let's look at some examples in each of these tenses. So, in the present simple, I would
say "I work". In the present continuous, I would say "I am working". So, what is the
difference between these two? "I am working" talks about something that's happening right
now. For example, I am teaching. You are watching. You are listening. Or, it can also talk about
something temporary, like you're watching this lesson this moment, but also for a short
time. Short is a general idea, okay? So, it could be something that's happening now, or
something temporary. However, we use "I work" in present simple
to talk about things that are true in general. I work in this company, but I'm working now.
Or, I work in this company, but I'm not working now. I'm having lunch. See the difference,
okay? We also use present simple to talk about things that are more permanent, like your
job, right? You don't change your job usually every day. It's more or less permanent; where
you work, where you live. This is more permanent and general, present simple, and this is more
temporary and now. So, that's the basic overview and the basic idea. And, how do we actually
form this tense? We form it by using the subject like I, you, we, they, he, she, it, plus the
verb "to be", plus the verb, plus -ing. Let's look at an example: "I am working". So, we
have the subject and the verb "to be" and each form of the verb "to be". I am working,
You are working, We are working, They are working, He is working, She is working, It's
working, okay? Like the computer, the air conditioner, whatever, okay? So, that's the
basic overview of this tense. Now, let's look at when we use the present
continuous tense. So, as we saw earlier, we can definitely use it to talk about something
that's happening right now. For example, "The baby is sleeping", don't make noise, okay?
Or for example, "Oh, it's raining outside", alright? So those are examples of something
happening right now. We can also use this tense to talk about something that's happening
around now. For example, "He is writing a book". So, he might not be writing it this
minute, but he's writing it around now. We don't know how long it'll take, but it's happening
around this time. So, we can use it in that context. For example, we could also say "He's
working on a project". Maybe the project is going to take one week and maybe it'll take
one year, or ten years, we don't know, but it's happening around now, okay? Next, we can also use it to talk about something
temporary. Not something that happens all the time, but something temporary. For example,
that book, right? We don't know, maybe it's going to take him three years to write the
book, but in his mind, it's not something that's going to last forever. It's something
temporary, okay? So, this is more about how you look at what is happening. Or, this example,
something temporary, "We are staying at hotel". We live in our home, that's permanent, but
right now, while we're in this city, while we're travelling, we are staying at a hotel.
That's something temporary. Okay? Next, we can also use it to talk about a trend.
A trend is something that's changing, okay? Something that's developing. For example,
"The prices of homes are increasing". Let's say the prices were here, and now the prices
are going up, so we can say the prices are increasing. Some sort of changes that are
happening. And we can also talk about a trend in terms of something that's popular. Often,
we talk about things - fashion trends, for example, right? People are wearing a certain
color. People are wearing bright colors this summer, or people are wearing certain kinds
of shoes. So, we can talk about trends using this present continuous tense, alright? So, those are the basic ways in which we use
this tense, but I just want to let you know that there are also two slightly more advanced
ways in which we can use this tense. So, let's look at what they are. The first one is to
talk about some kind of repeated action, but it's usually something negative. So, we're
using it to kind of - when we want to complain about something. For example, if you say,
"They're always making noise", that's a negative remark, right? So, we can use "always" in
this context with the present continuous tense. Usually, we use words like always, never,
sometimes, frequently, and so on, to talk about present simple. Something that's true
in general. For example, "They always help us", or just to talk about facts. But when
you're talking about something negative, then very often we can use this present continuous
tense, but that's a slightly more advanced way to use it, so don't worry about it too
much, but you might hear people using it that way. And, another point, I know that I said this
is called the present continuous, and it talks about the present, not the past, not the future,
the present, however, sometimes we can actually use it to talk about the future, but only
in a special way. So, let's look at what that is. If I say, "She's flying to Mexico next
week.", now, if I didn't say "next week", if I only said, "She's flying to Mexico",
what does it mean? It's happening right now. So, when I want to use this tense to talk
about the future, I have to say something like this. I have to say next week, tomorrow,
next summer, next year, I have to give it some kind of time in the future and then you
can use present continuous for the future in a slightly more advanced way, okay? So,
those are the basic ways in which we use this tense. Now, let's look at when not to use the present
continuous tense. So, first of all, everything here, all these examples, these are all wrong,
okay? And we're going to understand why. So, we cannot use the present continuous tense
to talk about any permanent actions or activities. For example, for most people, where they live,
where they work, these are more or less permanent. They don't change every day. They're not temporary,
right? So, if I live in Canada all the time, then it would be wrong to say, "I am living
in Canada". That would only be okay if it was something temporary. Similarly, if I work
at ABC company, and that's my permanent job, it would be wrong to say, "I am working at
ABC Company". I would need to say, "I work at ABC Company". That would be a difference
tense, the present simple tense. And similarly here, if I live in Canada, I need to say "I
live in Canada" and not "I am living", because that would be temporary. So, that's the most
common kind of mistake that people make, so be really careful of that. Similarly, we have stative verbs. This is
another area that you have to be really careful about. Why? Because in English, there are
two kinds of verbs: action verbs and what are called stative verbs. So, action verbs
are your normal verbs that you know most of the time like work, run, play, jump, okay?
And stative verbs describe a state, or a condition. It could be a mental state. It could be an
emotional state, okay? And with this tense, we cannot use stative verbs, and in fact,
in any continuous tense in English, you cannot use stative verbs. Let me give you some examples
of stative verbs. For example, it would be wrong to say, "I am understanding English".
No. You cannot say that, because "understand" is a stative verb, to do with your mind, so
it's wrong to say that, okay? This is all wrong, okay. It would be wrong to say, "We
are liking this show". Liking is wrong because "like" is a stative verb. So, we would need
to say, "We like this show". "I understand English", okay? Similarly, here, when you
talk about verbs that refer to what you own, what you possess, what you have, we cannot
use those verbs in the stative form with this tense. So, it would be wrong to say, "They
are having a car". You would need to say, "They have a car". Similarly, again, there's
a long list of stative verbs, but the verb "need" and the verb "want" are very common
verbs which are usually stative verbs and therefore you can't use them in this tense.
So, it would be wrong to say, "Are you needing help?". You would need to say, "Do you need
help?", okay? So, whether you have learned the present simple or not, don't worry right
now, just understand that with the present continuous, you cannot use stative verbs,
so everything here is wrong. Now, let's look at how we form the present
continuous tense. Let's start by looking at a sample sentence. "I am working". So, we
saw that there are three parts: I, which is the subject, am, in this case, which is a
form of the verb "to be", then we have the verb "work", right, and then we have "-ing",
alright? So, in order to use this tense correctly, you need to know two things: you need to be
sure that you know the verb "to be" perfectly, and then you need to know how to add the verb
+ ing and any changes you need to make in spelling. So, what I've done is I've divided
this lesson. First; into just looking into the verb "to be" to make sure that you're
using it correctly, because if you have mistakes in the verb "to be", this central part, then
you will make mistakes in this tense. But if you've got it right, then you'll be absolutely
fine. So, let's just take a minute to review the verb "to be", alright? And then we'll
move on to the next part. So, in a positive sentence, it would be I
am. You are. We are. They are. He is. She is. It is. Now, when we say the verb "to be",
the verb "to be" is one of the most common verbs, but it is used in two ways. One is
by itself. For example, I can say "I am a teacher.", or we can also use the verb "to
be" as a helping verb, as it's being used in this tense. Then, I could say "I am teaching".
Now, the verb "to be" became a helping verb, but one way or the other, whether I'm using
the verb "to be" by itself or I'm using it in this context, then I still need to know
exactly how to use the verb "to be". So now, let's look at the negative. I am not. You
are not. We are not. They are not. What do you notice? We're just adding "not", right?
Let's do it a little bit more. He is not. She is not. It is not. Okay? Right now, don't
worry about this last part. We're going to add that soon, okay? Let's just get this part
right, the verb "to be", alright? Next, let's look at when we have the verb
"to be" in a question or in our tense. So, what do we do? Instead of saying "I am", we
say "Am I?". If you had the verb after that, you'd say, "Am I working?" and so on, but
we'll look at that in a minute. Right now, just master this part. It's a critical part
of understanding and using this tense correctly. Are you? Are we? Are they? Right? The same
at the bottom here: Is he? Is she? Is it? Alright? So, make sure that you can use the
verb "to be" so that you can use the present continuous tense correctly. Now, let's look at how we form the full present
continuous tense. You already know the verb "to be", now we'll say a positive sentence,
a negative sentence, and a question. So you can repeat after me, it will be very good
practice to also hear the correct form. I am working. You are working. We are working.
They are working. He is working. She is working. It is working. Okay, got that? Good. For the
negative, it's very easy, you just add "not" before the verb, plus the -ing, so "not working",
right? You are not working. He is not working. They are not working. Like that, okay? It's
very simple, just take this and add "not working". Now, for the question, we have to reverse
the order. So, instead of saying "I am", we say "Am I?", right? Just like with the verb
"to be", same thing, that's why I told you the verb "to be" is so important, it's part
of this tense. So, repeat after me, the questions: Am I working today? Are you working? Are we
working? Are they working? Is he working? Is she working? Is it working? So, that's
your basic question form. Now remember, you can always add a question word before that.
For example, you could say "When are you working?". Where are you working? How long are you working?
But what's important - what's important if you do that is to keep this same order. Keep
your question order. Don't turn it back into a sentence. Just add the question word, like
when, or how long, or why, or something like that, and keep this structure. When are you
working? Where are you working? Why are you working? And so on, okay? And that's how you
form the present continuous tense. Now, let's look at how we use contractions
in the present continuous tense. So, in English, sometimes, instead of saying, for example,
"I am learning", we shorten it or contract it and say, "I'm learning". So, why do we
do that? Usually, it's faster, it's easier, and we use it a lot in informal conversation
and also in informal writing. We do not usually use contractions like these in formal business
writing or in academic writing, but we use them a lot on an everyday basis. So, let's
see how to spell them and how to pronounce them. So, I am becomes I'm. What happened here?
We took away the A and put an apostrophe where we took away the letter and we joined those
two words. I'm. You are becomes you're. We are becomes we're. They are becomes they're.
He is becomes he's. She is -- she's. And it is -- it's. Okay? Alright, so let's say a
sentence, a really short sentence, with these contractions, so you can learn how to say
them easily and naturally. I'm learning. You're learning. We're learning. They're learning.
He's learning. She's learning. It's learning. Okay? Good. Now, we can do the same thing when it's negative.
So, instead of saying "I am not", we can shorten it in one way only, we can say "I'm not".
So basically, we just took the "I'm" and added "not", alright? So, we just got rid of this
and then we joined these two, okay? Sorry, we didn't join them, but we used them, one
after the other, okay? I'm not. So, let's say a sentence: I'm not watching. Are you
watching TV? No, you can put it off, I'm not watching, okay? Next: You are not becomes
what? There are two possibilities here. First, let's just add "not". So, "you are not" can
become you're not, we're not, they're not. Or, "You are not" can be contracted in a different
way. Here, we're just going to take away the O here and put an apostrophe and combine these
two. What we did here is we took this one and we got rid of this letter and combined
this one. So, let's look at it for a second. "You are not here" became "You're not". We
contracted these two words. "You are not here", we got rid of the o and we joined these two
words: are not. So, the other possibility is "You aren't". Say it after me: You aren't
watching. We aren't watching. They aren't watching. Okay? Very good. The same here - "He
is not" can become "He's not", right? We got rid of this one. She's not, It's not. Or,
we can get rid of the o here and join this and we can say "He isn't", She isn't watching.
It isn't watching. So that's how we spell and pronounce the contractions. Now, let's look at some spelling changes we
need to make to the verb when we're using the present continuous tense. So, with all
of the verbs, you need to add "-ing". And to most of the verbs, that's all you need
to do. You just need to add "ing". For example, eat becomes eating. Walk - walking, right?
All we did was add that "ing", but with some verbs you need to make a few small other changes.
For verbs ending in E, we need to drop the E and then add "ing". For example, use becomes
using, so we dropped or cancelled this E and added ing. Take becomes taking. Again, we
dropped or cancelled the e, alright? Good. For verbs ending in "ie", we need to drop
the ie and add y and then add the ing. For example, lie, right, l-i-e, cancel ie, add
y, then ing. Lying. Tie becomes tying, okay? That's it! Now, for some verbs, ending in a C-V-C pattern,
we have to double the last letter. What does that C-V-C? C stands for consonant, V for
vowel, and C again for consonant. A vowel in English is A,E,I,O or U and a consonant
is any other letter. So, what you do is look at the verb, alright, you look at the verb
from the end, it will be easier, and if it follows that pattern, right, C, a p is a consonant,
an a is a vowel, and then the l is a consonant, so if it follows that pattern, C-V-C, then
double that last letter. Now, there are some special circumstances, it doesn't always apply,
but it often applies. There are patterns in English spelling and sometimes there are exceptions.
So, in this case, clap becomes clapping. Sit becomes sitting. Okay? And those are the major
spelling changes you need to make. Now, let's look at how to give short answers
in the present continuous tense. So, in English, if someone asks you a question and your basic
answer is "Yes" or "No", we don't usually just say "Yes" or "No". We usually say a little
bit more than that. But, at the same time, we don't have to repeat everything they asked
us in the question in our answer. So, what we do is something like this. If someone says,
"Is he working late?" you could simply say "Yes, he is", or "No, he isn't." And how do
you know what to say here? You just take it from here, right? So, is he? Yes, he is. Or,
no, he isn't. Alright, so, what's important to notice is that in the positive answer,
you cannot use any contraction. You cannot shorten it and say "Yes, he's". No, that's
wrong. But in the negative, you can definitely use the contraction. You can say "No, he is
not", it's not wrong, but usually we'll just use the contraction. The same thing here:
"Are they going to the meeting?" So, we could say what? Yes, they are, or no, they aren't,
okay? So, you're basically taking your answer clues from the question itself. And again,
no contraction possible in the positive answer. Here's another one. "Are you studying?" So
here, it's going to be a little bit different. Why? Because they're asking, "Are you" and
they're - you have to answer with "I", right? So here, you cannot use it, but you will simply
say "Yes I am" or "No, I'm not". Got it? You can't take it from there, but you can still
just give a short answer. You don't have to say "Yes, I am studying", "No, I am not studying",
just say "Yes, I am", "No, I'm not". In fact, it's a good thing to just know this phrase,
alright? Yes, I am. No, I'm not. So, for example, if I ask you "Are you learning the present
continuous tense?" "Yes, I am." "Are you making progress in your English?" "Yes, I am". "Are
you feeling happy?" I hope you're saying "Yes, I am." Now, let's practice what you've been learning.
So, we have some positive sentences we're going to work with, some negative ones, and
some questions. So, first, we'll take a sentence which is in present simple and we're going
to change it to present continuous, okay? Number 1 -- "I go" becomes what? "I am going."
Or "I'm going." Alright? You can also contract it or shorten it. "We wait". Let's use the
contracted form and turn it into the present continuous form. "We wait" becomes what? "We're
waiting", right? We're waiting. We are waiting. We're waiting. Good. "They play" - again,
let's use the contraction just so you can practice the spelling, also where to put that
apostrophe and so on and pay attention to it. "They play." becomes "They're playing.",
okay? Very nice. Alright. Now, we have a sentence that's already in
present continuous. What we want to do is to change it to the negative form in present
continuous. "She's calling." How can we make that negative? There are two ways. She's calling
- make it negative - She's not calling, this is one way, and the other way - She isn't
calling, right? Those were the two ways that we learned. She's not calling. She isn't calling.
Alright? Very good. "We're cooking". Make it negative. First, the easy way, you can
always just use the easy way too, if you're unsure - We're not cooking. I call this one
the easy way, because you just need to add "not" and it's 100% right. It's not like that
one is better than this one, no, everything is equally correct. We're not cooking, or
what's the other way though? We aren't cooking. Okay? So again, pay attention to the spelling
there. Next, number 6 - "I'm reading". Make it negative. What will it become? I'm not
reading, and in this case, that's the only form that we can make it negative. Alright. Now, the questions. So, right now, it's just
a sentence. Let's see how we can make it into a question. "They are buying a new car." Make
it a question, it's really easy. Got it? Yes, just move these around. Are they buying a
new car? And of course, the first word will be capitalized, and the second word will not.
"She is doing her homework." Make it a question, what is it? The same thing. Is she doing her
homework? Good. And if you're writing it, again, it would be capital for the first letter
and then not capital after that. "We are leaving at 8:00." Make it a question - same thing.
Are we leaving at 8:00? And of course, at the end of each of these, we would have a
question mark if you're writing it down. So, how did you do? Hope everything is going well,
and I'm sure it is. Let's look at a little bit more. Now, let's look at some common mistakes that
are made with the present continuous tense, and you can help me correct them. The first
kind of mistake - sometimes the verb "to be" is missing. For example, "My brother watching
the news". So, what did that student need to say? What did that person want to say?
What's missing? The verb "to be"? So, we have to say "My brother is watching the news",
okay? Remember, we have the subject, the verb "to be", and then the verb + ing. Sometimes,
the same thing can happen but in a negative sentence. For example, this person wrote "John
not helping". How can we correct that? "John" - the easy way to correct it is to say "John
is not helping" or you can always contract it and say "John's not helping". Okay? Or
we can say "John isn't helping". Alright. Sometimes, the verb "to be" is missing in
a question. Instead of saying "She going?", what's wrong there? What should we be saying?
We should be saying "Is she going?". Is she going, right? Again, we needed that verb "to
be". We can't have this tense without the verb "to be", right? That's why we looked
at it so many times, so make sure that you don't forget it. Next, sometimes the verb
"to be" is there, but it's incorrect. There's an incorrect form of it being used. For example,
this person wrote "Bob and Maria is driving home". That's not right. They have the verb
"to be" but it's not in the right form because "Bob and Maria" is like "they", right, so
it should be "Bob and Maria are driving home", okay? And here, this person wrote "He ain't
studying." Now, "ain't" is actually slang. You might hear it a lot in songs or in music
or in movies, okay, but in academic English, in correct grammar, it's not acceptable, so
if you're doing an exam or if you're writing a paper for university or if you're trying
to impress a client, it's probably not such a good idea to use it. Instead of that, you
should use the correct version which is what? "He isn't studying", okay? That doesn't mean
you can never use slang, you can certainly use slang with your friends or casually whenever
you want to, but just be aware - what is slang, and what is not slang. Next, sometimes the verb, the main verb, not
the verb "to be", but the verb in the sentence is used incorrectly. For example, this person
wrote "She is do her homework". How can we fix that? "She is doing her homework". And
this one wrote "The game is start now". It should be "The game is starting now", okay?
There we go, good. See, I'm sure you can find these now yourself, right? And that's the
way. Now you've learned, you know the rules, you're able to apply the words, whether you're
reading something or whether you're looking at something or whether you're writing it
yourself or whether you're speaking, it will come out right. Next, sometimes mistakes are made in spelling.
For example, there are several mistakes here. "She's lieing" but this should be what? Not
lie, lying. This was one of those verbs also, "She's siting", but it's consonant, vowel,
consonant, so we need to double the last letter, sitting, and here, "writeing", ends with an
E, the verb "write", so we need to get rid of that E, okay? So be careful of those spelling
changes that we talked about. Also, here's a spelling mistake. This person wrote "Were
going to the mall." That's what they wanted to say, but what's missing here? The apostrophe,
good. So, that goes right here, okay? Instead of "We are" it became "We're". "We're going
to the mall". Okay? Next, sometimes people forget, and they use
a stative verb anyway in this tense and they might say something like "I am needing some
water.", but can we say that? No. In correct English, you cannot say that, because "need"
is one of those stated verbs. So, you'd need to change that and just say "I need some water".
The same here, "I'm wanting to visit Hawaii". No, "want" is another stated verb, so we just
say, "I want to visit Hawaii", okay? And last of all, remember what I told you, what we
talked about earlier, that we don't and should not be using this tense to talk about permanent
situations. So, for example, somebody asked this person "What does your company do?" and
he said, "We are manufacturing cars." But that's not right, because it's not something
they do just temporarily, it takes a lot of work and organization to do this work, so
it should be not "We are manufacturing cars.", but just "We manufacture cars.", okay? So,
in that case, using the present continuous tense would be incorrect. You just needed
there - the other present simple tense. So, these are some of the common mistakes, and
I think you see that once you know the rules, the rules actually make it easier for you.
They free you to speak and communicate more correctly. So, we've covered a lot in this class. Let's
review now, just one last time. You know this tense when you can make, what? A positive
sentence, a negative sentence, and a question. For example: "David is making coffee." A positive.
"David is not making coffee." A negative sentence. "Is David making coffee?" A question, or to
add question words to that, for example, "When is David making coffee?" "Why is David making
coffee?", and so on. Okay? So, what can you do from here? To practice this tense, try
to think of examples in your own life. Talk to yourself as you're going through your day.
What are you doing at that moment? I'm waking up, I'm brushing my teeth, I'm taking a shower,
I'm having breakfast, there are so many things that you can say as you're walking around.
You don't have to say them aloud, you can also say them in your mind, okay, but try
to use the tense that you've learned so well right now, okay? Now, when you feel that you know this tense,
then you can go on to the next lesson in this series, because this is a series of the verb
tenses. Next, after that, you can also practice a little bit more, if you wish, by taking
a quiz on www.engvid.com . Thanks very much for watching, and all the best with your English.
