Welcome to this class on the present perfect
tense. This class is part of a series created by
www.engvid.com , to help you learn and master the different verb tenses in English, okay? So, now, the present perfect tense is the
first of the advanced tenses. It's advanced, not only in terms of the grammar
but also in terms of the way that we think about time when we use this tense. And, I'm going to explain to you all about
that. Now, by using this tense, you will definitely
be able to speak and write at a much higher level in English, whether it's for social
situations or business or in an academic environment, the present perfect tense will allow you to
communicate in a much more advanced way. So, are you ready to level up? Let's get started. So, the present perfect tense connects the
present with the past, okay? It's not just about the present or the past,
it links and connects the present and the past. How does it do that? This tense shows us that an action in the
past has a result in the present, or an effect in the present. That means that something that happened before
now has an effect or a result on something now. So, there's that connection between past and
present in the present perfect tense. Now, it is different, therefore, from some
of the tenses that you've learned before. For example, you have learned probably, if
you've been going step by step, you have learned the past simple, right? So, let's look now at an example to show you
how the past simple is different from this present perfect. So, in the past simple, I could say, "I lost
my book", right? So, the verb here, the past tense verb is
what? Lost. I lost my book. Or, I could say to you in present perfect,
"I have lost my book". I have lost my book. Here, "have lost" is present perfect. So, is there a difference between saying "I
lost my book", and "I have lost my book"? In English, there is. Sometimes, people use it almost in the same
way, but actually, it's different. So, if I say to you, "I lost my book", maybe
I lost my book on Monday, but then I found it on Tuesday. So, if you say just "I lost my book", it doesn't
mean that that is true today, it means it was true in the past. But, if you tell me, "I've lost my book",
I have lost my book means what happened in the past is still true now, and my book is
still lost, okay? Because maybe here, you lost it on Monday,
you found it on Tuesday, and it's not true anymore. But, when you say, "I have lost", it means
you lost it at some time in the past, we don't know when exactly and it doesn't matter, because
what matters is the result, and the result here in this example is that I don't have
my book now. Okay? See that difference? So, this tense allows you to take something
from the past, bring it into the present, and make it true now. That's one of the most common ways in which
we use the present perfect, and we'll also be looking at some other ways while we go
through this class. Alright? So, how does it actually look when we use
it? This is just a quick overview of that, we'll
go into detail. So, to construct a sentence in the present
perfect, we take the subject, we take the helping verb "have", the verb "to have", we
have to use that, and then we take a regular verb or an irregular verb and we have to use
the third form, or the past participle. Don't worry about that right now, it's not
hard, you can learn it, okay? I'll give you an example, these are just example
verbs, okay? I have worked. I have worked in this company for five years. You have worked. We have worked. They have worked. Or, if we give an example with an irregular
verb, like the verb "to do", we could say, he has done homework. That means he did his homework and it's still
done; it's still finished. She has done her homework. It has done the job. Okay? So, this is a quick overview of it. We're going to now learn exactly when to use
this tense. We use the present perfect in different situations. Let's look at what they are. So, the first one, we can use it to talk about
something that happened in the past and it's still true now, okay? We looked at an example of this before. For example, we could say, "I have seen that
movie". So, if somebody asks you, would you like to
watch this movie, and you say no, it's okay, I have seen it. So, you saw it and it's still true that you
have seen it. So, "have seen" is the present perfect part
of that. Or, "I have found my keys." "Have found" means you've found them and it's
still true and you don't need to look for your keys anymore, because now you have found
them. Alright? Good. Next, we can talk about the past for a finished
action using the present perfect. For example, you could say, "I have finished
my homework", alright? I have finished my homework means I don't
need to work on it anymore, it's done, it's over, alright? Or, you could say, "I have cooked dinner". That means dinner is ready, I don't have to
spend any more time cooking, I have cooked it, it's finished, it's over, alright? So, we can use it to talk about actions that
finished in the past, and they're still true. Or, sometimes you will hear people using it
to talk about something that happened in the past, but it's not finished. For example, and these are actually the most
common examples of this, of this situation. Somebody could say, "I have worked here for
five years." What does that mean? I started to work here five years ago, and
I still work here, okay? So, "I have worked", alright? Or, "I have lived here since 2012." "Have lived"; I started to live here in 2012,
and I still live here, okay? It's still true. It's still relevant. So, we can use present perfect for that, and
it's not a finished action, because in this case, I still work here. I still live here. Okay? Good. Next, we can use it to talk about something
that happened in the recent past, means not very long ago, just a short time ago. Maybe a minute ago, or maybe a short time
ago, and it has some kind of effect or result now. Let's look at an example. Suppose somebody says, "Would you like to
go for lunch?" and you say, "Oh, that's too bad, I have just eaten lunch." Okay? "I have eaten", the word "just" kind of emphasizes
that recent part a little bit. I have eaten lunch, so what does that mean,
what's the result? Well, I don't need to go for lunch again,
right, with you. So, that's when you would say something like
that. Or, if someone says, "Wait, don't send that
email!", but you say, "Oh no, I have just sent the email". "Have sent", so maybe it just happened in
the recent past again and it already happened, and it's still true that it happened, okay? So, we can use it like that. And we could also use it for things that happened
in the past, but they happened often, they happened repeatedly or repetitively, okay? They happened again and again, so you could
say, for example, "I have shopped here for many years". "Have shopped", okay? It didn't mean that you kept shopping for
years, no, but at different times over the years, you shopped, you have shopped in that
particular shop, store, or mall or something else. Okay? So, you could also use it for these kind of
repetitive or repeated actions. So, these are some situations in which you
can use the present perfect tense. Another way to understand when to use the
present perfect tense is to look at some of the common words and expressions that we use
with this tense. Okay, so let's do that. So, I've divided the board here between some
words and expressions that describe things or actions that already finished, and some
that have not finished, that are still continuing. For example, the first one, "I have already
read that book". So, let's look at this here. Have - I have read is the present perfect,
and the word is "already". Okay? So, when we say I have already done something
it means I did in the past, and it's still true, because if I already read that book,
then I already know what is in that book, right? It's still true now. That's that connection between past and present. Another example of a finished action in the
past that's still true now: Our team as just won the game. So, here we have "has just won", the word
is "just". So, sometimes we can refer to an action in
the past that happened very recently with the word "just". Our team has just won, okay? Maybe it just happened, alright? But it's still true now, so it's part of present
perfect. Now, let's look at a few other kinds of examples. She has worked here for three months. So, "has worked" is the present perfect and
the word which we can use often with it is the word "for". Okay? She has worked here for three months. Let's look at another example and then I'll
show you the difference between for and something else. The next one says, "She has worked here since
January", okay? So here, again, "has worked" is the present
perfect, and "since" is the word you can use with the present perfect. So, what's the difference between saying "She's
worked here for three months", or "since January"? Do you remember? So, "for" should always be used with a period
of time, right? How long. And "since" is used with the point in time
when something began. Alright? So, let's suppose that she started in January,
now it's March, so we can say she's worked here for three months, it's the end of March. Okay? So, since + the point when something started
and for + the length of time or the period of time that something lasted. So, we can use those two words with present
perfect. Next, "The flight has not arrived yet." So, this is a negative sentence, but it doesn't
matter. "Has not arrived" is the present perfect. "Has arrived", "has not arrived", and the
word we can use is "yet". This is unfinished, because yet means till
now, till this moment, from the past, till this moment, it has not arrived. So, we can say, "The flight has not arrived
yet", okay? You can use that for lots of things. The pizza hasn't arrived yet. John hasn't arrived it. It means till now. Next, "Have you ever been to Italy?", okay? So now, we're talking about in all your life,
till now and including now, have you ever been, it means have you ever visited, Italy? Okay? So, the present perfect can include all of
the past, all of your life until now. So, it could be here: Have you been, and the
word is "ever". So, a lot of times, we can ask these kind
of questions and when you're asking these kind of questions, you're using present perfect. Have you ever done this? Have you ever been there? Have you ever seen that movie, and so on and
so forth, okay? Next, "He has never eaten sushi." So, this is kind of the flip of "have you
ever", the negative version, right? He has eaten, and here we're making it negative,
he has never eaten. What does that mean? In all of his life, in the past, till now
and including now, he has not eaten sushi. Okay? And the last one, "How long have you known
each other?", okay? Have you known, right? Present perfect, have known, and this is the
phrase that you can use with it, how long have you known each other? So, you could say what? "We have known each other for many years.",
or you could say, "We have known each other" + a particular year. Since 2015, okay? So, these are some of the common words and
expressions you can use with the present perfect tense. Now, let's look at when not to use the present
perfect tense, okay? So, you cannot use the present perfect tense
with any kind of finished time expression. What does that mean? What is a finished time expression? For example, words like yesterday, last week,
last month, last year, in the 1960s, these are all times that are finished and over,
right? We cannot use present perfect with any of
those expressions, if you have a sentence or if you have a question, okay? But you can use the present perfect with an
unfinished time expression or with no time expression. Okay? Let me explain. For example, what do I mean by an unfinished
time? An unfinished time would be like today. Today is not over, right? So, it's considered, in English, an unfinished
time expression. Or, this week, it's not over. This month, it's not over. This year, it's not over. Or, in my life, it's not over, right? So, if you're talking about something like
that, an unfinished time, then yes, you can use present perfect. Or, you can just use present perfect and use
no time expression, alright? So, if your sentence or question doesn't have
any time expression, that's fine. Because this tense, we're focusing more on
the result of the action, not when something happened. If you need to tell me or ask me when something
happened, then you need to go to another tense, which is the past simple tense. Okay? But with unfinished time or no time, you can
use present perfect. So, let's look at some examples so you understand
exactly. It's really very easy. So, in the past simple, with the finished
time expression, we would say something like this: I spoke to him three times last week. Okay? Now, "last week", right? It's over, it's finished, it's a finished
time expression, so here I had to use "I spoke", and "I spoke" is the past simple. It's not the present perfect, right? So, if I have to say, "last week", then I
have to go back to just using past simple. But here, I could say, "I have spoken to him
three times this week." Now, "this week" we said is what? It's an unfinished time. And "I've spoken", I have spoken, is present
perfect, it's perfectly fine to use it because it's an unfinished time this week, alright? See the difference? As soon as you use the finished time, then
use past simple. If you're using the unfinished time or no
time, use present perfect. Let's check another example. Here, somebody asks, "When did you meet John?" So, this word "when", right? Very critical word in this tense, because
as soon as you see that word, you can't use present perfect, because if somebody says,
"When did you meet John?", you're going to talk about a time in the past, even if that
time was one minute ago or ten years ago. So, if you use the word "when" in your question,
then again, use past simple. Do not use present perfect. But, what question words can we use with present
perfect? We could say, for example, "How long have
you know John?", right? "How long" is okay, because how long is talking
about a time that started in the past and it's still true now, it still counts, includes
now. So, that's fine. That's like an unfinished time. So, that would be okay. Here, we can use present perfect, alright? Let's take another example, "When did you
visit Spain?" Again, that word, right? "When", and that would have to be past simple
immediately, because let's say I visited Spain last year, or in 2015, whatever, but it's
going to be - I'm going to tell you an answer which is finished, it's over, right? But you could say, "Have you ever visited
Spain?" That's okay. Why? Because "Have you ever" is an unfinished time. It means - what does "have you ever" mean? It means at anytime in your life, till now
and including now, have you ever visited Spain? So, that question would be okay. So you see, it's really important to know
when to use the present perfect but also when not to use it with finished time expressions. Now, let's look at how we form the present
perfect tense. First, with regular verbs. So, what's a regular verb? A regular verb is one where, when we put it
into the past tense, we usually add only -ed or just -d or sometimes -ied. Okay? We're going to look at some examples, so don't
worry. You'll understand exactly. The basic structure of using the present perfect
is like this: we use the subject, which is I, You, We, They, etc., then we use the helping
verb have or has and then we have to use what's called the past participle. The past participle is just what I mentioned
before, it's the past tense form of the regular verb. So, let's look at an example so you understand
really, really well. So, I've divided the board into three parts
- positive, positive sentences, negative sentences, and questions. So, let's go through it step by step. So, with these subjects, we use a - we use
"have" and with the subjects, we're going to use "has". Let's see how it works. I have worked. You have worked. We have worked. They have worked. Okay? Just like we always say I have, you have,
we have, they have, we have to keep using that and we add, let's say our sample verb
"to work", and then all we're doing to make the past participle off that is we added that
-ed form, okay? So, I have worked, alright? That's the first part. With he, she, and it, it changes, because
even when we just use "have", we don't say, "He have", we say "He has worked". She has worked, and it has worked. Okay? So, this is different, so be careful of that,
not to make that mistake. Next, let's see what happens when we make
all of these negative. So, I have not worked. You have not worked. We have not worked. They have not worked. Or, you can contract it or shorten the "have
not" and make it into "haven't". Say it after me: haven't. Okay? That's the contraction. Basically, what did we do? We took these two words, have not, we cancelled
the o, right, and then we joined them together and put an apostrophe where we took out the
o, alright? So, you could say, "We haven't worked". Now, let's look at what happens here. Basically, we're adding "not", so, "He has
worked" in the negative becomes what? He has not worked. She has not worked. It has not worked. Or, more often in conversation, we just say,
"He hasn't worked". Say it after me: hasn't. Hasn't. There is an s, but it sounds a little but
more like a "zz" sound. Hasn't. Okay? She hasn't worked. It hasn't worked. Good. Next, for the questions. So, in the questions, we have to change the
order. So, instead of saying "I have", we say "Have
I?", instead if "You have", "Have you?" Okay? That's all. Have I worked today? I don't know, I don't remember. Have you worked this week? Have we worked? Have they worked? Okay? So, the same have, which we're using, all
down the line, and here, what do we need to use? Has. Has he worked this week? Has she worked today? Has it worked? Okay? So, that's basically it. Now, you're looking at the whole structure
of the present perfect tense in the positive sentence, the negative, and the question. Now, if you want to add a question word like
who, what, where, why, we cannot say when, but we can say those other ones, then you
could add those here. For example, you could say, "Where have you
worked this week?", right? So, if you need to add a question word but
not the question word "when", if you need to add a question word, you put it before
this structure. But, keep that same form. Where have you worked? Who have you worked with? Okay? That's basically it. So, when you can make a sentence - a positive
sentence, a negative sentence, and a question, then you can use this tense. Now, to show you that, let's do one more example. This time, let's use the verb "to call", okay? That's our base verb. It's a regular verb. How do we make it into a past participle? Today, I call. Yesterday, I called. Right? Called, with -ed. So, we could say, "They have called", right? I'm not going to write it every time, but
just for you to see it. They have called. Let's use this: They haven't called. Let's ask a question: Have they called? Okay? Good. Now, here we would say, "He has called". He hasn't called. Has he called today? That's it. Basically, you can work it through with any
regular verb just like this. Now, let's look at how we form the present
perfect tense with irregular verbs. So, basically, it's exactly the same as what
you learned for the regular verbs. There's only one difference that I will tell
you about. So, the structure is the same. You have your subject, I, You, We, They, we
have the helping verb, have or has, and we have the past participle. The only thing is the past participle of irregular
verbs is something that you have to learn, because sometimes, it's completely different
from the base form of the verb. Sometimes, it's a little bit different, and
sometimes it doesn't change at all, which is why it's irregular. So, let's start with this example verb, the
verb "to go", alright? So, the verb "to go", the first form and the
base form is "to go", go, in the past it becomes "went". Today, I go, or every day, I go. Yesterday, I went, but I have gone. The third form is what we need to use in this
perfect tense, alright? So, a positive sentence, "I have gone". You have gone. We have gone. They have gone. But he has gone. She has gone. It has gone. Okay? The same structure as we use for the regular
verbs, except that this past participle is basically going to be different. Alright, and different - quite different. Negative, I haven't gone. You haven't gone. We haven't gone. They haven't gone. He hasn't gone. She hasn't gone. It hasn't gone. Okay? And again, the question, change the order. Have I gone to England? I don't remember. Okay. Have you gone? Have we gone? Have they gone? Has he gone? Has she gone? Has it gone? Okay? Or, has it gone out, let's say we're talking
about the light, okay? Alright. So, that's basically what you do with the
irregular verbs. It's very, very similar to the regular verbs,
except for the past participle part. So, with the irregular verbs, you do have
to learn them by heart. Usually at the end of most grammar books,
they have an appendix, they have a section where they have a list of the most common
irregular verbs in three forms, and that past participle, the third form, is what you need
to use and learn to use the present perfect tense. Sometimes, the verb will change completely,
like this: go, went, gone. Some of the verbs change like meet, the verb
"to meet". The regular is "meet", the past is "met",
and the past participle is also "met", so, "I have met", okay? Or sometimes, you have a verb like the verb
"to put". It's irregular because it doesn't change at
all. I put this here today. I put this here yesterday, and I have put
this here every day of my life. Okay? So, that one is irregular because it changes
like that. And another thing to keep in mind is that
sometimes the verb you want to use here is the verb "to have", okay, yes, we can have
this kind of weird sentence in English. So then, it would be what? So, "have" becomes "had", okay? In the past participle form. So, what would we say here? We would say, "I have had a wonderful time." He has had a wonderful time. He hasn't - I haven't had, same thing, okay? He hasn't had. Have you had, or has he had, let's say, has
he had lunch? Have you had breakfast? Okay? So, it might sound a little weird to you to
hear somebody saying, "Have you had", but yes, we can say "I have had", he has had,
because the verb we're using is "to have". Sometimes it's that, and sometimes it's go,
and sometimes it's work, and sometimes it's something else, but don't be surprised if
you see so much of the verb "to have", okay? Alright. So, that's how you form the irregular verbs
in the present perfect tense. Now, let's look at how we form and pronounce
contractions in the present perfect tense. So, let's start with this one: I have. When we shorten it or contact it, it becomes
"I've". Say it after me: I've. So, if it was with a verb, it would be something
like, "I've worked", okay? But we're just going to practice this part
for now, because this is the part that sometimes students have a little bit of difficulty with,
especially trying to figure out the pronunciation. So, along with paying attention to the spelling,
pay attention to the pronunciation. So, in terms of spelling, what happened here? How did we go from this to this? We basically cancelled this part, added the
apostrophe where we took out some letters, and we joined these two parts. So, I have became I've. You have - You've. We have - We've. Okay, I'm saying the "ve", "ve" sound, we've,
we've. They have - They've. Good. He has becomes He's. what happened here? We took this out, right, we took the apostrophe
in its place and we joined those two parts. He's. She has becomes She's. It has becomes It's. Now, I want to point out something important
here. Now, when we say "He's", yes, he's is the
contraction for "he has", but by itself, he's can be a few different things. Let's look at what they are. He's could be "he is", because the contraction
of "he is" is also "he's", like, "He is a doctor" becomes "He's a doctor". And "he's" can also be, again, "He is" when
"is" is being used as a helping verb with present continuous as in a sentence like,
"He is studying". So, this sentence could also be written as
"He's studying". Okay? Or, "he's" can be the way we're doing it here,
the way we're using it here, he's can be "he has", as in the present perfect tense. "He has taken a taxi." So, when you see "he's" by itself, it could
be "he is" or "he has". So, how do you know? You know based on what follows it, and if
it's something like this, then it will be "He is", or "He is studying". But here, based on if there is a past participle
verb after that, he has worked, he has called, he has taken, he has gone, then we know that
this "he's" stands for "he has", alright? Good. Now, let's look at the negative form. I have becomes I haven't. Now, what's really important here is you need
to pronounce the last part in a way that people can hear it, because if you say it really
fast and you kind of say it much softer at the end, people won't hear that and then the
meaning will be different. So, make sure you're saying all parts of it
at equal volume. I haven't. You haven't. We haven't. They haven't. He hasn't. She hasn't. It hasn't. Okay? That was the pronunciation and the spelling
of the negative form, so what was - how did we achieve that spelling? So basically, what did we take out here? We took out the o, right? And there, we put the apostrophe. The have and the have not came together and
became haven't, and the same with hasn't. Alright? Again, the not, we took out the o, and it
became hasn't. So, pay attention to your spelling, and once
you understand where that apostrophe goes, you won't be guessing, and you won't make
mistakes. Because you'll know it's meant to go wherever
there is a missing letter or a few missing letters, alright? And these are also the correct pronunciation
ways for these contractions. Now, let's look at how to answer yes or no
questions, or to give short answers using the present perfect tense, because when somebody
asks you a question, you don't have to give the full answer by repeating everything they
said, you just give what's called a short answer, so this is how we do it. So, if someone says, "Have you visited New
York?", you've going to have either a yes or no answer, right? So, you would say, "Yes, I have", or "No,
I haven't." Now, the two things to keep in mind, it's
really easy to know how to make those short answers. You just take the have from the question and
you add it here. Yes, I have, and for the positive answer,
we cannot contract it. There's no contraction possible, alright? You have to say it in full. But for the negative, you can use the contraction
by itself. So, "Yes, I have", or "No, I haven't." good. Here, the question is, "Has she had dinner?" Remember, I told you that sometimes the verb
itself is "have", and then we use the past participle of "have". So, "Has she had dinner?" You could answer, "Yes, she has", right? Take the question, the word from the question
itself, it will help you to answer. "Yes, she has", or "No, she hasn't", right? Again, it comes here as well as here. Alright? So, in all cases, you're just taking that
answer, you're forming that answer from the question itself. The mistake that some students make is when
someone says, "Have you visited New York?", they might answer, "Yes, I visited." It's not really the right answer there. You should be saying, "Yes, I have", or "No,
I haven't". So, let's do a little practice. For example, "Have they left already?" "Yes, they have", yes, they have, or "No,
they haven't". Good, okay, just like here. Let's try another one. "Has he bought a car?" "Yes, he has", okay, we're getting it from
here, or "No, he hasn't." Good. Now, a question for you. Have you understood this tense? You could say, "Yes, I have", and we're not
going to say the second one because I hope you have, alright? That's how you give short answers. Yes, I have. Now, are you ready to practice what you've
learned? Let's do it. So, we have some positive sentences, some
negative sentences, and a few questions, alright? So, I've written the verb here, the regular
verb, and in some cases, some other information, and what you're going to do is you're going
to change them all into the present perfect. So, first we'll just read it and then we'll
go back and change it. He ___________ (develop) a new app. So, how would we change that to the present
perfect? He - yes, has
developed a new app. Okay? That's with an -ed there. He has developed a new app. Alright. Good. We __________ (be) to London. Mmm. The verb "to be". Alright. So, what does that become in the present perfect? What is the past participle? I am, I was, I have - something. So here, it will be: We have - and then the
past participle of the verb "to be" is "been", okay? We have been, and even though it's written
with two e's, we still say it pretty short. We have been to London, okay? We have been to London means we went there,
and we have come back. It doesn't mean that we're there now, that
is "We have gone to London", okay? Or, "They have gone to London" means they
went there and they're still there. But if you say "They have been to London",
it means they're back now, but that's where they were and now they're here. That's a little bit of a difference between
the verb "to be" and the verb "to go", okay, be careful of that one. Alright. Now, number three: She _________ (give) me
an answer. Now, what we want to do, we want to make it
present perfect, but we want to make it negative. So, what would that be? She - yes, you can give me the contraction
- hasn't, right, she hasn't given - she hasn't given me an answer, okay? Good. Next: They ___________ (sign), right, sign
the contract. Make it negative. They haven't signed - they haven't signed
the contract, right? This was a regular verb, so it became "signed". This was an irregular verb, "give" became
"given". "Be", irregular verb, became "been". And "develop", regular verb, became "developed",
alright? Good, you're doing really well. Now, let's make some questions. So, right now, the information we have is:
_________ (They make) a decision? How would we turn that into the present perfect? We would say, okay, "Have" - what - "Have
they made" - Have they made a decision, right? Make, another very popular and commonly used
irregular verb, right? Make becomes made. Have they made a decision? Next: ____________ (he take) his medicine? So, what will that be? Think about it. What do we start with? Not "have", but it's "he", so we have to start
with "Has he", "take" becomes what? Taken, right? Has he taken his medicine? Okay? Good. And the last one: _________ (you do) your
homework? What would we do with that? How would we change it? What do we have to say, have or has to start,
for you? Have, right. Have you - what does "do" become here? What's the past participle? Have you done - Have you done your homework? Right? Because "do" was an irregular verb, became
"done", "take" also an irregular verb, became "taken", and "make" became "made". Alright? So, as I said, with the irregular verbs, you
need to learn what that form is, but once you know it, you know it. And probably, a lot of the most common ones,
you hear them all the time, so just pay attention to what's happening around you, listen, pay
attention when you're reading, and you will learn them kind of naturally, okay? And then you can always go through the list
and you can particularly focus on the ones which you're not sure of, okay? But this is a really good review exercise
if you went through it really well, congratulations. Now, let's look at some common mistakes that
are sometimes made while using the present perfect tense. Alright, so the first three have to do with
the verb itself. So, let's look at what they are and what kind
of mistakes that students sometimes make. So, the first one: He have won the prize. So, what's the mistake there? What mistake did the student make? It should be not "he have won" but "he has
won". So here, the wrong helping verb was used. Okay? So, be careful of always matching the helping
verb with your subject. He, she, it has. I, you, we, they have. Alright? Good. Number two: this student wrote "She been to
Paris". That's wrong, but what's missing? How can we fix it? It should be, "She has been to Paris." So here, the student wrote the subject, they
wrote the past participle, but they forgot the helping verb, and we need that helping
verb with the present perfect tense. Okay? Next, number three: this student wrote, "They
have saw the movie." What's the mistake there? We have the subject, we have the helping verb,
but the mistake is here. It's incorrect, this is only the past simple
form. We need the past participle, which should
be "They have seen the movie", okay? So, we can have mistakes with verbs in different
places, so be careful of that, okay? That's what I'm trying to show you here. Sometimes, it's the past participle. Sometimes, it's in the helping verb, and sometimes
it's the form of the helping verb, okay? So, pay attention to that entire package. Alright. Next, sometimes we have mistakes in questions,
alright? Questions are always a little bit confusing
in English, because we have to change the order and all of that, but as long as you're
thinking, think of your chart, think of the order, you can definitely get it right, okay? So, let's look at these mistakes. Have you ever fly in first class? So, what did that student want to say? Have you ever flown, okay? So, the mistake here was in that past participle
again, alright? Next, this student wrote, "Did you ever eaten
there?" So, they used the right past participle, but
was missing? This is wrong. It shouldn't be "did", it should be "have". Have you ever eaten there? Okay? Good. Number six: When have you started your new
job? Now, yes, there is something wrong with that. Do you remember what it is? Okay, well, it's here. You cannot use "when" with - when you ask
questions in present perfect. If you say "when", then it would have to be
"When did you start your new job?" That's a past simple question. When did you start your new job? Right? Or, if you want to use present perfect, then
you can't use "when", you could only say, "Have you started your new job?", okay? That's it. If you want to know when, you're going to
have to change that question into a past simple question, alright? That's it. So, if you started it here, and you don't
ask when, then of course it should be with a capital letter. Have you started your new job? Okay? And the person says, "Yes, I have", then you
can ask them, "When did you start?", okay? So sometimes, we move on. We start in one tense; we go on to another
tense. That's completely fine, okay? Alright. Now, here's another mistake. This one has to do with tense. The tense itself is wrong, but why? Number seven: We have visited them yesterday. What's wrong with that? You know by now, alright? So, what happened? Again, what did the student write? Yesterday. When is yesterday? Is it a finished time or an unfinished time? It's a finished time, right? So, can we use present perfect with finished
times? No, we can only use unfinished times, right? So, that's a common mistake. So, the way we can correct this is in two
ways. We can either take out the present perfect
tense altogether and just make it into a past simple sentence: We visited them yesterday. That's okay, past simple you can definitely
use all of those past time markers. Or, you'd have to say, "We have visited them",
okay, without saying "yesterday", so let's do that. We'll just say, "We have visited them", or,
"We visited them recently", or, "We visited them this week", this month, this year, that's
all okay because it's an unfinished time. Good. Next, a lot of times, there are pronunciation
errors which, unfortunately, can end up sounding like it's a grammar error, okay? Let me show you what I mean. So here, I've written it correctly, but I'm
going to show you what sometimes happens when students are pronouncing it. So, they might say something like this: They
known the truth for a long time. So, what happened here? In this case, the student didn't say this
part fully to the end. So, it sounded like "They known", even though
the student might actually known "They've known", but they didn't say the ending and
so it doesn't - other people don't hear it and it sounds like a grammar mistake, okay? So, make sure you say "They've". Also, sometimes the mistake is not at this
end, but at this end. So sometimes, people say "They've know the
truth for a long time." Because they're trying to speak fast, but
don't try to speak fast, necessarily, try to speak accurately and clearly. They've known, not "They've know", they've
known, okay? They've known. It's okay, take your time, say the endings
very clearly and especially when you know the grammar, you want to make sure that everyone
can hear your clear, correct English sentences, alright? The same thing here. The sentence is supposed to be: She's broken
her arm. She's broken her arm. But sometimes, when people are saying it,
they might say something like "She broken her arm". So there, what happened? Didn't hear the s. You want to say "She's", she's, okay? Or sometimes, again, the ending here is left
off. "She's broke her arm", no. She's broken her arm. Okay? So, make sure you're saying all of the endings
correctly, especially in the grammatical part of the sentence, alright? Good for you. And of course, with the short answer, let's
do one of those. Have you checked your lottery ticket? And the person answered, "Yes, I've." That's wrong. You know what the right answer is. It cannot be this. Why? Because we cannot make a contraction of that
short answer. What do we need to say? "Yes, I have". Okay? That's it! Alright, so these are some of the common mistakes
that you want to make sure you avoid when you're using the present perfect tense. Now, let's review. So, you know the present perfect tense when
you can make what? A positive sentence, a negative sentence,
and a question using both regular verbs and irregular verbs. For example: They have planned the party. Positive. They haven't planned the party. A negative sentence. Have they planned the party? A question. Or, with the irregular verb: She has written
an essay. The negative sentence: She hasn't written
an essay. The question: Has she written an essay? Okay? When you can do this easily and comfortably,
then you've got it, you've got this tense, and congratulations on reaching this level. As soon as you start using the present perfect
tense in conversation, in writing, immediately it's obvious to everyone that you are writing
and communicating at a much higher level, okay? So, congratulations on that. Where do you go from here? Well, practice it, right? Either say or write some sentences about your
life. What have you done recently? What have you watched? What have you read? What have you learned? Okay? When you can write some sentences about yourself,
it becomes more personal, more meaningful, and you'll remember it more easily. Okay? Then, when you're ready, you can go on to
watch the next lesson in this series, and if you'd like a little more practice on this
one, the present perfect, then go to www.engvid.com where you can do a quiz. Thanks very much for watching, and all the
best with your English.
