Hi, I'm Rebecca. In this class, we will learn
all about the future perfect tense. Now, this class is part of a series, created by www.engvid.com, to help you master all of the English verb tenses, step by step. Now, the future perfect tense is an advanced tense, and it will allow you to speak about the future in a really
interesting way that may or may not exist in your own language. So, shall we begin?
Let's get started. So, we can use the future perfect tense in
two ways. We use it to talk about an action that will be completed before a specific time
in the future, or before another action in the future. So, let me explain again. It's
an action that will be finished or completed before a specific time in the future, or a
specific other action in the future. Okay? Let's look at an example. Then, you'll understand
a little bit better, and as we go through the lesson, you'll understand more and more.
Alright. So, let's look at this timeline. Let's pretend
that I'm a university student and this is where I am right now, okay? This is the present
in time. And I'm thinking ahead and so I'm saying, "Okay, six months from now, I will
finish university", but when I think ahead I say, therefore, "A year from now, or next
year at this time, what things will already be over next year, at this time, I will have
finished university. I will have completed all my classes. I will have passed all my
exams" and all of those things. So, what we're doing is we're using the future perfect to
explain all the things that will already be finished before a point in the future. Okay?
And as we go along, you'll understand more and more. Let's just look very quickly at the structure.
So, that's really easy. You just take the subject, I, You, We, They, He, She, It, which
you know very well. You add these two words for every subject, you don't have to change
anything, just say, for example, "I will have" and then we take the verb, a regular verb,
you can use the past participle or the past participle of an irregular verb. Doesn't matter.
Again, I'll explain that. So, you could say, "I will have finished university." I will
have completed my courses. I will have attended my classes, and so on, okay? That's the basic
overview. Now, let's look at when to use the future
perfect tense, so you can understand a little more clearly. So, we use it, remember, to
describe an action that will be completed before a specific time in the future. For
example: By next July, they will have moved to the States, they will have started new
jobs, and they will have bought a home. So, where is the future perfect here? In three
places. "Will have moved", "will have started", and "will have bought". Right? By this time
in the future, by next July, these three things will have happened already. Okay? That means
these things will have happened before. They will have moved. They will have started new
jobs, and they will have bought a home before next July. Okay? Alright. We can also use it to talk about a completed
action that happens before another action in the future. I know, it all sounds a little
bit tricky, but it's not. It's really pretty easy to understand. So, let's look at the
example: Before you arrive, we will have eaten dinner and the kids will have gone to bed.
Alright? So, before you arrive, certain things will already have happened. For that, we're
using that future perfect tense. All of this is happening in the future. You're going to
arrive in the future, and these things that I'm going to describe are going to happen
in the future. Everything is in the future, but in that future, what will happen first?
So, before you arrive, we will have eaten dinner and the kids will have gone to bed.
"Will have eaten", "will have gone", okay? So here, we're linking it to another action
in the future. Here, we linked it to another time in the future. Okay? Next, we use it with certain expressions.
There are certain common expressions that you'll often find when using this tense, or
when you're reading this tense. Words like: before, right? We saw that. Before you arrive,
or by the time you arrive. By the time I finish university, okay? Or: by 9:00, alright? By
Monday, by next summer, okay? These are some common words and expressions that you can
use when you're using the future perfect tense. Now, let's look at the structure of the future
perfect tense. So, I've divided the board into three sections for positive sentences,
negative sentences, and for questions. So, let's go through them step by step. So, with a positive sentence, we're basically
going to follow this structure. We take the subject, which is any one of these words,
or any other word which is functioning as a subject. We add "will have" always, doesn't
matter which subject, and then you have to add the past participle of the verb. What
does that mean? It depends if we're talking about a regular verb or an irregular verb.
They change, the past participles are different. For a regular verb, it's simply the same past
tense form that you've always used, alright? Like work - worked. Brush - brushed. Dance
- danced, okay? That's the past participle form. It's the same as the simple past tense.
Now, with the irregular verbs, you have to learn that third form, okay? So, for example,
"leave, left, left", "I see, I saw, I have seen", right, seen. So, that third form is
what we need to use, and that is the past participle of the irregular verb, alright?
Now, when you study the verbs, you'll understand what is exactly that irregular form, and there's
always a list of irregular verbs in most grammar books. Okay? Alright. So, let's look at the positive sentence now.
So, you would say: I will have arrived. Let's say 24 hours from now, I will have arrived
in Tokyo. Okay? You will have arrived. We will have arrived. You can repeat it after
me. They will have arrived. He will have arrived. She will have arrived. It will have arrived.
For example, the delivery, the parcel, okay? The email, etc. Okay? That's with the regular
verb. Let's continue with the regular verb first,
okay? To make it negative, it's really easy. All we're doing is we're just adding "not",
okay? I will not have arrived by that time. You will not have arrived. We will not have
arrived. They will not have arrived. He will not have arrived. She will not have arrived,
and It will not have arrived, okay? So, that's really easy. Now, let's look at the question. With the
question, it would be: Will you have arrived? So here, it gets a little bit separated, right?
So, you have the "will" first, then you have your subject, and then "have" + the verb,
the past participle. So, "Will you have arrived by 8:00?" Will they have arrived home by then?
Okay? Will she have arrived tomorrow? Okay? By tomorrow? That's how the question would
be with the regular verb. With the irregular verb, basically you just
need that third form, which is the past participle, and then you follow the same structure, right?
You will have left by that time. They will have left. "Left" is the third form of the
verb "to leave", okay? And, if you want to make it negative, you would say, "They will
not have left." Again, we're just adding the "not", alright, to make it negative. There
is a contraction, which I will show you soon. But, for now, this is the basic structure,
alright? And then, again, the same thing if you're asking a question with the regular
or irregular verb, doesn't matter. You're following the same structure. So, "Will they
have left by that time?" Will she have left? Okay? That's basically it. Sometimes, when you're asking a question,
you might want to put in a phrase, a kind of like a question word or a phrase, like
"By what time will they have arrived?" So, I could write that, yeah? I could say "By
what time", and then I'll have to not make it capital, but just write with a small letter,
okay? Because I'm continuing it. By what time will they have arrived? Okay? That's it. And
if you've understood this, you've understood the structure of this tense. And basically,
just remember the "will have", and that's the key. Now, let's look at how we form contractions
with the future perfect tense. So, let's look at this sentence: I will have moved. That's
a sentence in the future perfect tense. But very often, in informal English, in conversational
English, we use contractions or shortened forms. So, let's see how to do that. So, instead of saying "I will", we can say,
"I'll". Say it after me: I'll, okay? It's a little bit tricky sometimes, to get that
"l" sound out, but you can. But make sure you are saying the "l" sound if you want to
use the contraction. Because otherwise, it will sound like "I have moved", and that's
different, okay? So, how did we get to this? We basically cancelled this part here and
added an apostrophe, and then we joined these two words and so it became "I'll". Say it
after me: I'll have moved. You'll have moved. Let's just say this part, okay? Because this
is the part we want to focus on. Later, you can say it by itself or in
a sentence. We'll. They'll. He'll. She'll. Let's say a couple of sentences: They'll have
moved. She'll have moved. Okay? So, you need to hear that "l" part before you go on. So,
that's for the positive sentence. Now, with the negative sentence, it's going
to be a little bit different. So, what happens - the normal negative sentence is "I will
not have moved", right? But, when we contract it, it's not logical. It doesn't follow the
normal rules, we just have to use another word. There's a kind of a linguistic history
why this happens, but it doesn't matter for you. For you, unless you're really, really
interested, you can look it up. But for now, just learn this form, and so, instead of saying
"I will not have moved", you just say, "I won't". Instead of "will not", we say "won't".
Say it after me: I won't have moved. You won't. We won't. They won't. He won't have moved.
She won't have moved by then. Okay? So, that's basically it. That's how we form the contractions
in the future perfect tense. Now, let's look at some of the spelling changes
we need to make when using the future perfect tense. So, the changes will be in the verbs,
right? Either you're going to use a regular verb or an irregular verb. The first part
of the structure is, more or less, the same. You use the subject, then you use "will have",
then you have to use the past participle. So, that's what we're going to look at. The
past participle of regular verbs and of irregular verbs. So, with regular verbs, it's just the regular
past simple form. So, let's look at some patterns of spelling changes that you need to make.
With most verbs, all you have to do to form that past participle or past simple form is
add -ed, right? That's all we're doing, we're adding -ed. Just like here: work becomes worked.
Check becomes checked. So, most verbs, we just add an -ed. With some verbs, however, we need to make
other changes. If the verb already ends with an e, then we don't need to add -ed, we just
add -d. For example: live becomes lived. Change becomes changed. Alright? So, all we added
there was just a -d. Next, let's look at another pattern of words.
If you have a word that ends - a verb, actually - that ends with a y, and before the y you
have a consonant, which means any other which is not a vowel. A vowel is A, E, I, O, U.
But if you have a y, and before the y you have a consonant like here: try, right? It
ends with y, and before it is a consonant, then what we do is we cancel the y and add
-ied. So, try becomes tried. Study becomes studied. Right? Same thing. I will have tried
my best. I will have studied for the exam. Right? Like that. And the last pattern that we can kind of see,
or one of the main patterns, is for verbs that end with what's called a c-v-c pattern.
So, "c" stands for consonant and "v" stands for vowel. So, we look at the verb from the
end. Let's look at this one, starts with a c at the end, then we have a vowel, and then
another c for consonant, right? C-v-c. So, when you see a verb like that, when we look
at it from the end and it has this pattern, then you double the last letter. So, ship
becomes shipped. They will have shipped your order, right? We see that here. Or, hug. To
hug means to embrace, like to embrace a child or embrace somebody that you love is to hug.
So, this also has a c-v-c pattern. So, the last letter gets doubled. Hug - hugged. Alright?
There you go. So, these are some of the main changes with
the regular verbs. Now, with the irregular verbs, that's the third form, and you pretty
much have to learn them, and you probably know lots of them already. Because you've
heard them, you've read them, and you may know many more than you actually realize.
But these are just some of them that I've given to you, a few of the most common. For example: go becomes gone in the third
form, alright? We're talking about that third form, that past participle that we need to
use with the future perfect tense. I will have gone. Do becomes done. He will have done
his homework. Give becomes given. They will have given. Take becomes taken. We will have
taken. Write becomes written. She will have written the report. Okay? And these are just
a few of them. There are many more. You can find a long list of them in any good grammar
book, or online. Now, let's practice what we've been learning.
So, we're going to take some positive sentences, some negative ones, and one question. And
we're going to change them all into the future perfect tense. Alright. Number one: By the time he gets to the airport,
the flight __________ (arrive). We want you to use the verb "arrive". So, how can you
express that in the future perfect? By the time he gets to the airport, the flight - yes
- will have - and then "arrive" is a regular verb, so it becomes "arrived". Okay? Will
have arrived. Good. Let's look at number two: Next August, we
________ (be) - using the verb "be" - We _________ married for 25 years. What would that one
be? Next August, we - yes - will have - and what's the form of "be" that we have to use
here? That's an irregular verb. What's the third form? Will have been married for 25
years. Okay? "Will have been", "Will have arrived", these are all future perfect tense.
Okay. Number three: By 3:00, he __________ (give)
his presentation. And we want to use the verb "give". So, what would that be? By 3:00, he
will have - give becomes what? Given, okay? This is another irregular verb. The three
forms of that are "give, gave, given". And here, we need that third form. Alright. Number four: By 9:00pm, we ___________ (have)
dinner. Now, the verb you're going to use is "have". Don't let that confuse you. So:
We - what do we say? We will have - what's your verb? The verb you have to use - this
you have to say anyway, right? Will have. Now, you have to take the verb, just like
you took "give" and made it "given", you take "have" and make it what? We will have had
dinner. Yes, we have this kind of construction in English. We will have had dinner. Why?
Because the expression here is "to have dinner", so that's your verb. Just like here, the expression
was "to give a presentation". Alright? Or here, "to be married". So, whatever that verb
is, you use the third form of that. Okay? Alright, very good. Now, let's make some sentences negative. I
__________ (finish) work by 8:00pm. The verb is "finish", but now, we're going to make
it negative. So, what will that be? I will not have finished, right? Because finish becomes
finished, right? I will not have finished work by 8:00pm, okay? Or, if we wanted to
contract it, what could we say? I won't - I won't have finished work by 8:00pm, okay?
Very nice. Number six: They ____________ (do) their homework.
What does that become? They will not have - what does do become? It's an irregular verb,
and the third form is - they will not have done their homework. Alright? Very nice. Now, for the last one, let's make a question.
So: ______ he __________ (eat) by then? How do we start the question? Which word first?
The word "will" - Will he have - what's the form of the verb we need here? It's an irregular
verb. Will he have eaten by then? Okay? Alright. So, how did you do on those? Did you feel
good? You're getting the hang of it? You're getting used to it? That's the way. Practice
is always the best way to perfect something. Now, let's look at some common mistakes that
are made when using the future perfect tense. So, sometimes, the mistake is in the verb
form for regular verbs. Let's look at an example, and then you can help me to fix it. "By Monday,
he will have start his new job." So, where's the mistake? The mistake is in the verb itself,
in the regular verb. What should it be? By Monday, he will have - not "start" but "started",
right? We have to change it to that form. He will have started his new job. So, sometimes
that regular verb isn't changed properly. So, make sure that when you're writing it
and using it, you do change it. Sometimes, the mistake is in the verb form
for an irregular verb. For example: In the next few years, they will have teach thousands
of children. So, again, where's the mistake? In the verb form itself. This is an irregular
verb. Let's go through it again: In the next few years, they will have _________ thousands
of children. So, what's the third form of "teach"? It is "taught", taught. They will
have taught thousands of children. Okay? Good. Spelling. Sometimes, the mistakes are in spelling.
We looked at some of those earlier. For example: By next month, we will have planed the conference.
That's what the person wanted to write, but they made a little mistake in the spelling.
Where's the mistake? Can you find it? So, the mistake is actually in the spelling of
the verb. So, let's look carefully: By next month, we will have - whoops. That's wrong.
Look, it's - the verb is "plan", right? So, there's c-v-c, right? So, it should be "planned",
right? We need to - in this case, we needed to double the last letter. And sometimes, the mistake is in the question
form. Let's look at what this student wrote: You will have finished shopping by that time?
Now, if somebody said that, will I understand them? Yes, I will understand them. But is
it correct? No, it's not correct. And if you write that in a test or an exam or an email,
it doesn't sound very good. It's not correct. So, how could we fix it. It's really easy.
Remember the form for the question? How will it start? It will start like this: instead
of "you will", which is like a sentence, we change the order and we write "Will you have
finished shopping by that time?" okay? So, remember, questions start with "will you",
"will they", "will we", "will he", right? That's the way we start the questions. Now, these are just a few examples that I
gave you, but they're just to show you the kind of mistakes that are possible. So, be
careful not to make mistakes with the verb form for regular verbs or irregular verbs,
the spelling of the verbs, and especially with the questions. So now, let's review. We have learned how
to use the future perfect tense and when to use it. And you know how to use it when you
can do three things: make a positive sentence, a negative sentence, and a question, such
as we have on the board. So, let's have a look at them. He will have
retired. Here, we have a regular verb, "to retire" means to stop working, because you
reach a certain age. So, we could say, "By next year, he will have retired." Or: By next
year, he will not have retired. Or, we could ask a question: Will he have retired by next
year? Okay? When you can move quickly between those sentences, you've got it. Let's take an example with an irregular verb:
She will have spoken to John by next week. Or: She will not have spoken to John by next
week. Or: Will she have spoken to John by next week? Alright? Again, here we have the
irregular verb "speak", which became "spoken". So yes, you have to learn those as you go
along. But I think you've done an amazing job. You
stuck with me till the end, and I know that you're serious, and I'm sure that you've mastered
a lot of this already. So, what you can do now is write some sentences of your own. Practice
saying some sentences of your own to talk about your life, to talk about people in your
life. What will you have achieved by next year? What will you have done by next year?
What will have completed by next year? Write out some sentences. Write out some plans,
write out your vision for the future, okay? And you can use this tense and practice it. Then, when you're ready and you feel that
you're comfortable with this tense, move on to our next class, which is on the future
perfect continuous tense, which is also called the future perfect progressive tense. Alright?
And if you'd like to do a little more practice on this, you can always do a quiz at www.engvid.com
. So, thanks very much for watching, and I wish you the very best with your English.
