Kidney and Nephron Anatomy Structure Function | Renal Function System

hey everyone in fares register nurse sorry and calm and in this video I'm going to be going over kidney and nephron anatomy this video will start our English review series over the renal system and at the end of this video don't forget to access the free quiz so let's get started first let's start out talking about the kidneys okay you have two kidneys you have a right kidney and a left kidney and your right kidney sets a little bit lower than the left kidney and the reason for this is because above the right kidney is the liver and to help accommodate the size of the liver that kidney has to be just a little bit down when you compare it to the left one now what do our kidneys do they are very very important in our survival just like with the heart we've learned that the heart will take our blood and pump out fresh oxygenated blood that it received through the lungs throughout the body well the kidneys receive that fresh blood through the renal artery and then we'll take that blood and it will filter that and after it filters it takes what it needs it will send it back through the renal vein so inside the kidneys you have filtration absorption and secretion and excretion going on and what will happen is that the kidneys will produce filtrate which is liquid that will turn into urine it will go down through your ureters you have one you have two that connect to each kidney then it will go down into the bladder to be stored and as the bladder becomes full you will feel the urge to void and then it will exit through the urethra now let's look at the inside of the kidney if you took a kidney which a what is like a little bean shape if you've ever seen kidney beans they look like that are a lot bigger and you took it and you just cut it in half this is what it would look like on the inside so let's cover the basic anatomy of the kidney okay around the kidney is is this outer capsule and it's called the renal capsule and this capsule what it does is that it gives the kidney its shape but it also helps protect the kidney from any infection that may be present in other organs because we don't want our kidneys to become infected if they become infected we can die now inside the kidney this is what we are interested in because this is where things get done this is where our urine is going to be created so you have this outer part of this layer this is called the renal cortex then you have this little inner layer and this is called the renal medulla and please note where these layers are because it's going to be really important when we're talking about the nephron because certain parts of the nephron are in the cortex versus the medulla and it all makes sense in the next videos when we talk about the nephron physiology ok so we have that structure and then inside where the medulla is we have these areas and I think they look like little seashell they're called renal pyramids and they have these striped areas why do they have these striped areas well inside the renal pyramid you have part of the nephron and the nephron is running straight parallel in these pyramids and it gives us this striped look to it then if you took away your renal artery and your renal vein and you look behind it we would have this area right here and this is where the urine is really draining down through the ureters into the bladder this is where once it's created in this area up in here it will drain down through these areas so let's go over these areas again you have your renal pyramid you have your renal papilla which is the tip of the point of the pyramid then when your urine comes down through the renal papilla it will go into the kale exit and you have the minor calyx and you have the major k legs then the urine will progress down through the renal pelvis which will go down into you're ureters and it's bladder and then the urethra now and in between your renal pyramids our renal column and the renal columns contain a network of where your renal artery and your renal vein branch off into these capillaries and arterioles now let's look at the nephron okay if you're going to remember anything about the kidney the nephron is what you need to remember because this is the functional part of the kidney that allows it to filter reabsorb and secrete a waste and things we don't need in terms of engineering and each kidney contains millions of these little nephron and they run in this area right here so let's dissect a nephron so here is a basic structure of a nephron and if you took a nephron and just stretched it out it would allow you to see these different parts but in reality because you have millions of these just throughout here if you look at them they're all like twisted and they look convoluted and everything and they're all squeezed together and it would be really hard to tell what's what so with the nephron let's talk about this you have to I like to think of it as two different sections you have the section which is known as the renal corpuscle that is responsible for filtration and it is the Bowman's capsule and the Gloam area this is where filtration happens your blood clean filters and things that are being pulled out or like water ions and waste and then you have the second section called the renal tubule and then it's this section and this is where reabsorption and secretion are happening what's happening is that you have this filtrate that's been created by the renal corpuscle and you have these substances and water that's constantly flowing in and out of these Jules back into circulation which would be reabsorption or it's moving out of circulation into the tubules which is called secretion so let's break this nephron down okay so going to the nephron remember and we just received fresh blood from our hearts nice and oxygenate it but it needs to be filtered so your Rennell artery breaks all and it will break off into what's called the afferent arteriole and this is going to the first part of the nephron the glow Marius afferent means towards something so it hits the ball Marius the glow Marius is this really unique structure if you ever look at a nephron look for the red part with all these squiggled up capillaries looking areas and that's your gua Marius and so that's what it is is a bunch of capillaries is twisted in the circular and shape and because of that the way it's formed and as a blood flows through there it creates this ultra filtration process which allows that blood as it's in a sense spinning through there to be filtered and to UM release what's called filtrate down into this collection capsule called Bowman's capsule so you have this filtrate coming out of there and this filtrate will include like water and your electrolytes like potassium chloride sodium magnesium calcium phosphate and waste like urea and creatinine and it collects in there and call filtrate then and your glow Marius will go after the blood has filtered through there and it will branch off into what's called the efferent arterial effort means away so it's leaving the glom area and then every arterial go just doesn't stop it still has a very important job to do it goes down and starts forming and twisting around those to be old and hanging out around there because it has a very important job as well the what it forms is called peritoneal capillaries and these are up here on these ducks and then when they go down and they form down where the loop of Henle is is called the Vasa recta which is a type of hairy tuber of capillary now what do these capillaries do okay so we have this filtrate going down through these tibial and remember what I said the renal tubules are responsible mainly for re absorption and secretion so in order for things to be reabsorbed and secreted so you can get rid of it you need something to help with that process so that's where those peritubular capillaries come into play so let's talk about these two terms because in order to understand the physiology of the nephron which we're going to talk about in the next video in debt you have to really understand these two terms reabsorption and secretion so reabsorption okay number one we call it reabsorption why not absorption well because we've already absorbed these substances that's how they've got in our blood because remember it's went through the heart came here been filtered and we got it where did we already absorb most of this nutrients out when we ate food through our GI tract because we eat your small intestine does most of the absorption so those specialized cells in there took the glucose amino acids the potassium the calcium the sodium and took it transport it where it needed to go and put it in the bloodstream and the heart now pumps it out and says kidneys do your job you filter this out to what the body needs because the body likes homeostasis that likes a balance of water balance of electrolytes and a nice balance of way specifically urea and creatinine so as the filtrate has all of this nutrients in it it needs to be reabsorbed so that's what's going to happen it's going to flow through here and based on where it's at in these tubules because certain tubules absorb more here and more there it will be reabsorbed because we've already absorbed it once so it will be reabsorbed and will flow through those peritubular capillaries which will eventually go to the renal vane which will eventually go back to the heart will get reoxygenate it and the beautiful cycle will just keep going and going now let's talk about secretion ok secretion the peritubular capillaries health and that because these capillaries will carry like any waste like urea creatinine and or any drugs you've taken like antibiotics diuretics and will secrete there are substances into the filtrate and and it will be taken and transferred out and excreted as urine so that's how those two go hand-in-hand okay now back to the nephron okay so all that filtrate is there in Bowman's capsule it's ready to go down in through these tubules to be reabsorbed or secreted so filtrate goes down the first part of his is called the proximal convoluted tubules and this area is where a lot we're actually most of your reabsorption is going to occur like in pretty much all of your glucose your amino acids a lot of sodium and chloride and things like that things that are essential that your body really needs right of way then the filtrate is going to travel down into the loop of Henle and this is really one the most important part and interesting parts of the nephron and remember what I said about these Cortex's and the medulla the loop of Henle has a descending limb and it's acing and a pending limb and they really each do their own different things and they're located the loop of Henle is mainly located in your renal medulla and the renal medulla is a very very salty area it's hypertonic the interstitial fluid that is in the renal medulla is hypertonic and this is very important because this area is where most of your water absorption is going to occur and this is where your urine is really going to get concentrated then is when the filtrate is going to go up through the distal convoluted tubules where some more absorption a little bit of secretions onto a cart then it's going to go down through your collecting ducts where everything is just going to be brushed up the last part of secretion and reabsorption is going to occur then it's ready to exit the body it's going to go down through the renal papilla which eventually will go into your Kahless your minor and major k leg through your renal pelvis down through your doors into the bladder and into the urethra so that is how urine is made through your nest on now don't forget to check out the next video about nephron physiology thank you so much for watching don't forget to take the free quiz and to subscribe to our channel for more videos

Channel: RegisteredNurseRN

Views: 444,903

Keywords: kidney anatomy, kidney anatomy and physiology, kidney anatomy and function, kidney anatomy model, kidney anatomy lecture, kidney anatomy for kids, kidney physiology, kidney function, nephron function, nephron, nephron structure and function, nephron physiology, nephgron anatomy, nephron filtration reabsoprtion secretion, nephron loop, renal function, renal system, renal physiology

Id: 0qZxw0Nd1lI

Length: 14min 6sec (846 seconds)

Published: Thu May 04 2017