everyone Yes, we're going to go back to do some IPV4 subnetting Still getting a lot of questions. [I] haven't I have a submitting video out there uh Some people like it a lot some people still get confused no worries. I'm going to go ahead and do one example of An IPV4 address I'm on the Subnet and a a b and the C Okay, different masks obviously so you can see how the method that I use is The same just in different octaves. [I'm] going to slow it down [I] know I have a tendency to blue go fast so I'll make sure I'll slow down alright but even though in your cCNa [all] right, and definitely [cMP] and when you get to your ccie level This is something that you need to know when you go to the Workforce This is something you need to know off the top of your head. Do you use so many calculators? Yes? [but] again people use networks. I told you I [worked] for a telecommunications company, okay? We had spreadsheets upon spreadsheets upon spreadsheets of IP addresses, [but] there were network ids You had to come [up] with the IP address once you look at a network id? Right meaning an IP address, and I'm asked you should know. Oh, okay? This is the range obviously if it's a slider 30 or something simple I'm not saying you're a [whisky] with numbers, whatever, but you can see how simple it is but like anything Practice makes perfect you're going to practice practice practice practice okay? and I know I've mentioned in the [past] to go to submitting questions calm and I'm not going to get deep into it, [but] remember and because I do have a submitting video out there anyway, okay that talks about the zero network if You're using the zero network [najin] as your network Word you should try to on the network side or you do so try to you know yes. No, maybe so Depending using is your network or not okay, but I may mention it briefly but the point for this lesson is to just finally see if I can clear any doubts up about subnetting alright subnetting all right, so let's start with a class theme is the easiest one right let's use black okay, so We'll start one 92168 oh I took forever put two dots here, okay one six eight [ah] 100 dot and Let's let's already. Have it submitted when I say zero right? That's a zero and we're using a 24 All right, so if [you] using a 24 you don't know that's 255 and I'll write it out [this] This right here. That's your subnet. Mask that means 255.255.255.0 Okay, well it takes a while for [though]. That's a come out okay Whatever [alright], so that [means] that you're not doing anything here. You're not doing anything here, and you're not doing anything here you can only work in the last octave so What the first thing you need to do when [you're] subnetting as you pay attention to that? So let's say you have that address and they want you to submit it or you want to submit. It doesn't matter now Remember, and I don't want to throw a monkey wrench in this if you go past if you go this way, I mean I want to erase some of this stuff because now just becoming gibberish Okay, anymore [alright] [alright], you got a pencil Mike Alright, so uh if you have this you can do it or if you care and say if you can come if you come this way Because right now the default line that mysterious line that magical line. Whatever you want to call it. Let's use red Fine so we can distinguish is right here This is your network portion. This is your host portion, okay? That's your host portion right there, so we have 254 dresses How does last know that my God? How does he know [that] there's 254 dresses because? You have one two three four five six seven eight remember on the top you have your bit values 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 again Babe, Al use that is the value of that [particular] bit does it matter which octal you're in those bit values won't change you count when you're counting for host right to left starting by 2 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 - to 254 that's how I know we have 254 Addresses okay now. I know there's a question out there, and there's this is a question I always get asked why do you count by 2? is It not that the formula [that] you [use] to calculate host or Networks 2 to the N minus 2 Okay, that's it this number of bits [multiply] the number of bit Multiply the number of bits to that number subtract two there you go. I do it this way This just freaks me out, so I don't do it that way. That's all all right. That's the reason [I] count by two All right, that's it. I just don't use that All right, so anyway with that said let's go ahead all right, and Let's submit this Okay, let's take let's slice it down the middle well not even in the middle Let's say let's [say] we want two four eight eight networks All right, so we need three bits So we [can] do nothing With the first octet we can do nothing With the second octet we can't do anything with the third octet, so we're working in the last octet one two three four five six seven eight Right now [I] said I wanted eight networks right I count with my fingers two four eight so Networks you go from left to right so two four eight There's my line. So the original line and let's change this big out right here Side effects noise effects let's put this line in blue [all] right, so the original line was up here. I took that original line and I moved it over three bits Okay, so that may is that I the mass is no longer 24. What's the mass [Gonna] be? 27 That's our new mass because when we added three, we added three more bits. That makes it 27, all right How many hosts do we have? Okay, I'm going to change the color back to red all right, so host right 2 left 2 4 8 16 32 minus 2 30 so we have 8 networks and 30 hosts per Network that's what that means So what is your first network? Well you can use this we're using the [zero] network That's why I didn't subtract here. So you could start [ok] my first network is 1 92168 dot one hundred dot 0 [slash] [27] My next network, what do we increment by 1 2 4 8 16 32? Let me get rid of some lines here oh I like this okay. I don't know what I chose there, okay? All right, so this is 32 believe it or not all right, so this value, right? Gotta get the pencil back 32 this value right here Is how you increment your network so if [1] or dot 0 the next one is? 100.3 - the next one is 100 not 64 and so forth 100 not 96 I Think keeps going all the way Till you get to the last network that's possible is Hoping you see it down here ah you know what? I'll put it right here dunno. Where am I gonna put? The last night as possible it's 224. I'm just gonna let you know 224 but let's just give it a try [anyway] 100 not 2 to 4 this is the last possible network. Why is that? I mean, [you] got still in between But I just put the last one [because] I'm running out of room, right? So why because your mask if you were to add this [under] 27? You know what that means that means? 255 255 255 and If you add the bits that are on which are these 3 it's 2 2? 4 and that is [always] the case that it's always the case if You look what your mask is that's what's going to be uh? If you do this right here if you add all the bits that are on that's going to be a mask That's going to be a mess and that's Gonna be your last network so What do you do? Well you have a choice? There's two choices you can add These guys right here because we want our broadcast this comes out to 31 wow. I added that pretty quick Huh of course not [I] said, okay one last 30 to 31 It's always going to be that one less 16 If the line will be here it would be 15 one less one if the line will be here was one less eight Seven it's like that. So here okay, so 31 and 32 right I take this number here, and I add it to this number right here, and that's going to be 100 not 63 Okay, that's your broadcast. Well, what's in between? 33 to 62 That's it. These are the user bowl the usable IP addresses. That's it Now you see this, right? 6463 Okay, So 96 95 Look at that the second way you can do that. All right 95 and then 65 294 Nine, okay, this is more to slow that's a 94 Okay 64 65 right right after 64 was before 95 All I did was say okay one last 96 is the broadcast for the previous network if you were to add 31 Plus 64. What do you get 95? Same thing and you keep going okay one last two twenty four two two three What's after 96? 97 what's before - 23? - two - That's all it is That's all that is The Magic is this Magic is knowing okay x x x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 [8] You draw your line you find out what this increment number is right there when you see that pencil okay? 1 2 4 8 16 wow okay nugget try that one on end all right 1 2 4 8 16 32 That's not right there. This this right here is 32 okay That's how you increment. That's how you increment. So for your network Id 32 64 on the Last Octet 96 and 32 more that's what turns a 128 160 [and] 32 it was 192 and then 224 okay, [I] really we have 0 those you start from 0 so we have 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 networks 8 so that's how many networks you have 2 4 8 Okay, and it's also going to be one less one less one less one less one less All right So that's Gonna be 31 and then This one here is going to be 63 and then this one here is going to be 95 and then this one here is going to be 159 And then this one here for the 60 will be [181] and then this will be 223 for this guy right [here], and then this will be 255 because it's the last one okay And then when [hours] in between that's all there is to do in the third octet. I mean in the fourth octet very simple this is who you need to know draw your line find that increment increment all the way down and then You do the rest, okay? Let's do a b All right, let's see if I can make it a little bit better in here, so I'm working with two octaves now Let's make it black again All right, let me step more this way any room, okay? so 172 Not 16 and let's just put it out right now one two three four five six seven eight one two three four five six seven eight okay, our magical line right our classful Boundary is right there. We got these two offsets. We can work with all right. We have a possibility of host [65,536] - - okay that we can use so let's say let's change the color Let's use boom Okay, and we're Gonna put the line. I don't know right here Hey, it was supposed to be blue. No. Nope. No come on. I want a blue. What's up with that [no], okay? Lines right there all right, so you just moved this line over here Okay, so how many hosts do we have available? Well, we know that up to this point we have 256 so 512 1024 2048 -2 is 2046 So you have the probability possibility of having 2046 host networks 2 4 8 16 32 so you have 32 Networks that you can have with 2046 host in there so then if we have this, what mask is this 1 2 [3] 4 5 So we have a cider 21 okay so with a sire 21 That we again, we're working on the third Octet and the fourth but our focus is the third octet 1 2 4 8 So that means our network increments by 8 on the third octet, so if you raise some of this stuff down here you Okay, so we know that I erased one too many nights So we know that our line is right here [alright], so these two do not change Okay, so we have 170 2.16 dot 0 dot 0 Because we're using the 0 network now. We're incrementing by 8 we're on the third Octet Okay, now I am sorry 1 2 4 [8] 16 when committed by 16, it's a bitmap That is the bit value to the left of the line [wasn't] aligned really on the other side Down here now all right going on by 16, so therefore on the third octet 172 not 16 16 and 0 16 So what do we put on the fourth octet [well] if you add? all these bit values together This is the network. Id so this would be zero Okay now for the broadcast address. Let's do this. That's why you would add these so I got ahead of myself [alright], so for the first network you add These over here in the third octet that gives you 15 so 15 and 0 is 172 Not 16 not 15 [dot] what if you are all these up to 55? which then if You've reached the maximum okay? 15.2 55 over here well this flips over 16 and then this resets back to 0 Just like if we were incrementing by 16 see check out check-and-balance type thing so now we got 16 Plus 15 third octet that's 31 172 not 16 not 31 Fourth Octet 0 fourth Octet [225] Just by looking at this right here You can say hmm my broadcast is [31] [to] 55 It's reached the maximum so [this] flips over this guy to 32 resets that to 0 Your next network is 32.0 if You were to increment by 16 well 16 + 16 is 32 You see how that works [you] [just] got to see where you're working that is it and again if you want to get the broadcast 32 + whoo 15 is what oh? 47 so you got 47 on [the] third octet These do not change they remain [alright] and then obviously 0 on the 4 [bartek] with 25 on the fourth octet All right, so what's in between well? 0.00 not one [correct] through what's before? 15.2 [85/15] not [254] What's after 16.0? 16 not one What's before? 31.2 55:31 it's not 254 What's after 32.0? 32 not one What's before [40] [7.25]? 47 not to the keys That's it and obviously you're using your new mask of 21 okay, this is a class B address Class B. Address okay again, we're using the same little method We're drawing our line. See we're increment is in this case. It was in the third octet, so we increment in the third octet That's what you need to really pay attention to Now that I'm going to ask you a million so many questions. All right not in none of the exams Associate professional or Expert you just need to know this this is something that you need to know because you're going to use it every day When you get out there, okay, all right let's do one more last example this time when you do a class a And we'll do a simple class a we're not going to get crazy well We got to get a little crazy all right from the beginning [all] right so a class eight Ten Not you know what let me move my little ball. That's over here with all my tools Here we go What? Follow me let's go this way, and we close this right here Okay, [and] there's focus All the way in the corner, it allows me to come on. I'm an ambidextrous [darling] there you work with me work with me alright. I [get] my pencil back So we're gonna use a class a address and with the same thing we do with the B10 Not one, two three four five six seven eight dot one two three four five six seven eight dot one two three four five six seven eight So a class a address the Magical Line or the Default for the classful boundary of a class a is right there between the first and the second octet Let's say these individuals are giving you especially in the [colleges] All right are giving you all these Huge subnetting questions right and they decide hey, I want to draw a line, right? here Okay All right, so I am not going to count. I know that right here 65,536 and you want to keep doubling two more times. You knock your socks off, okay? Ah? but uh Yeah, no, that's all right. We're in the hundreds of thousands of hosts already remember, this that is the host Okay, how many networks you have 2 4 8 16 32 64? So you actually have 64 networks? With a couple hundred thousand holes on each [network], okay? obviously in a school they're going to make you do the math so just You can't use a calculator so pencil on paper, okay? If you go inside [a] 4matic [center] to take your survey case your exam. You're not gonna get a question like [this] ever Okay, so don't worry about it But just so you know that [the] concept is the same What is our focus now the second I'm [10]? I just drew a line right so what's our bit value 1 to 4 so we increment by 4 we're on the second Arte so 10 dot and we're going to use the zero network So 0 0 0 then the next network is 10 for second octet 0 0 Then second often we put my period here 10800 [ok] that's it. You keep incrementing all the way down. We don't know All right now what? you could add this that's 3 add this 255 add this 2 to 5 [alright], so what do we have 10? 0 second octet this 3 is in the second octet You see both oxides the third in the fourth to [5] Okay, [it] reaches maximum flips this guy over [to] four zero zero That is right there so again second are ten plus [three] to five 5/4 art it's Okay, [ten] 725 reaches maximum on the third octet flip this guy over to eight presets the other two to zero and so forth let's do it the last one so eight and Three that's 11 again 255 Okay, and then [xor] next network would be [1012] right if you come in by [4] 9 10 11 12 This concept does not change for IP version 4 IP version 6 Whole new story [ok] [the] [only] Subnet in the network Id portion of the address [ok] you don't host id nothing you do nothing with [that], so on the Subnet portion of the Network side of the of the address but for IPV4 This is it. It's the same concept It's the line draw a line find how [you're] increment and coming all the way down all right and again They're not going to make you do anything like that They're going to give you an address that's already submitted, and they're gonna ask me. What's the range? What's the broadcast? What's the network that belongs to things of that nature? But you still need to do this you need to go up, so you can find out So you can find out because if [I] pick an address hey the 10 dot 0 dot one dot 52 is in what network what's in the [zero] network right here, the 10.6 dot eight dot 100 what network is the oats in the for all right because I'm looking at the second or 10 the 10.9 dot 52.8 E Oh ok, it's right here, because you know the next one is 12 can be there must be in the 8uc But you got to do that line to find it. I hope that's clarified it. I hope they clarified it now Hope it helps some people, but again follow the concept draw the line after a while this becomes [second-nature] Just by looking at a mass You'll know what's going on and remember that is the key to subnetting and IPV4? Take a look at the mask and if you still have any confusions whatsoever if you still have any confusions What's forever if you go to Amazon? My book is there [alright] the only book you are the only book you'll ever need [alright] [4ip] Alright, the only book you'll ever need [frye] [p] is right there [on] Amazon. You can purchase it and then that's it You'll be a master of IP okay, so with that said I hope this helped There'll be more lessons to come I'll see you guys later
