Kevin Kennedy: 3D Printing hobbyists looking to remix STL files can clean up those pesky triangles using the following three techniques in Fusion 360. These range from beginner to more advanced difficulty. I’ll show you all three, including a way to version-control your STL files. The methods in this lesson are for those on the free Personal Use license without access to the newer Prismatic conversion. To import your mesh file, always use the Insert Mesh command from the Insert dropdown menu instead of uploading your mesh file to the Data Panel. The insert workflow is best as it allows you to select the desired unit type. We can also use the rotation manipulators to reorient the model, followed by re-centering it to the origin point of our file. While in the Design workspace, we’ll head to the Mesh tab. I’ll convert this table riser for an IKEA LACK table. Get the file link in the video description. First, we’ll want to Generate Face Groups. This feature will detect groups of faces representing a feature or region of the mesh body. Using the Accurate option will provide the best results. If you don’t see the pastel colors, you’ll want to turn on Face Groups in the Mesh Display settings. Notice how this has color-coded the model to show all the faces that relate to one another. You will find a Convert Mesh command in the Modify menu of the Mesh tab. Double-check that you’re in the Mesh tab if you don’t see the Convert Mesh feature. You can also press the keyboard shortcut letter “S,” as in Sierra, to search for Convert Mesh. After selecting the mesh body, you’ll want to choose whether you want the feature to be parametric and recorded in the timeline below. Or, for it to be a base feature if you plan to work with a direct editing approach. Generally, you’ll want this to be parametric, allowing you to update or remove features later. If you’re on the free Personal Use or “Hobby” license, you’ll have no option but to use the Faceted approach. Those on all other license types can use the Prismatic version, which you’ll find will automatically convert most models to a clean and solid bRrep body, as if we created it natively in Fusion 360. Back in the Convert Mesh feature, note that there is also a new Organic option. This method converts organically shaped meshes to solid, surface, or T-spline bodies. However, it is only available through the new Product Design extension. Let’s proceed with the free Faceted method, and we’ll look at how to clean up the mesh triangles. For starters, double-check the bodies folder in the Fusion 360 Browser. Your file should be a solid body, as indicated by the gray cylinder. If you ended up with an orange surface body, you’ll have to find and close the openings. The first and easiest method to clean up these triangles is to select a planar face and press the Delete key. Fusion 360 will attempt to self-repair all adjacent planar faces, resulting in a single face. This will provide you with a clean planar face to create a new sketch on. You can also Extrude or Offset faces to alter the dimensions. One important note - you may find that offset faces will limit the size due to curvature or adjacent faces. You can avoid this by turning off the parametric timeline to enter Direct Modeling mode. You’ll find Direct editing to be more forgiving, but keep in mind that you do lose the parametric timeline and your ability to update any previous and future actions. This delete faces approach does not work on any curved surfaces, as reducing the number of faces will modify the curvature itself. Instead, we’ll take a look at workflow number two, which is to use the orange Surface Extrude to rebuild simple curvature, such as this singular curved surface. We can use the selection filters to turn off everything except Body Faces. Double-check the select through option is turned off to ensure we don’t select faces on the opposite side of our model. We can then use the Paint Selection type by clicking on the Canvas - outside the model - and dragging over the desired faces. Hold CMD on Mac or CTRL on Windows and click with your mouse to deselect any unwanted faces. Then, extremely critical, you must switch to the Surface modeling tab before pressing the Delete key. Deleting while in the Surface tab will remove all of these outer faces, resulting in a surface body. We’ll now recreate this curve with a single surface. To close the gap, you may be able to reference existing geometry with a surface Extrude. However, in this case, it leaves us with many faces. We can instead create a new sketch with projected reference points, allowing us to create a clean surface. I’ll create a new sketch from the YZ origin plane. Creating this in the middle allows us to leverage the symmetric extrude type. With Project, I’ll project the top and bottom points. Then, most importantly, we can recreate this exact geometry with a 3-point arc, so we’ll Project a point in the middle as well. If you’re not familiar with the Project and Intersect commands, be sure to watch my full lesson on them. Utilizing Project will be critical in rebuilding the surfaces of your mesh files. With a 3-point arc, we can quickly recreate that exact surface. Using the surface Extrude set as symmetric, we can extrude up to the edge by selecting the corner point. As you rebuild your files, consider how you may rebuild surfaces with the simplest geometry. You will need to break the object into multiple sections. Note this surface is inside out, as noted by the yellow color. Use Reverse Normal to flip the surface. Many models will include symmetry or the same geometry throughout. In this case, we can delete the faces of the other three curves. If you’d like to follow along, you can use Demo File number 2. This file is set up with the other three surfaces removed. The rebuilt surface still exists on its own in the Browser. This allows us to copy and paste using the standard shortcuts. Then, you’ll find it very easy to place these into position by rotating them 90 degrees, followed by the Point to Point Move Type. Point to Point allows you to select the point you want to move as the “Origin,” along with the target point. Which corners you choose does not matter, as long as they correspond to one another. Simply repeat this process for the remaining two surfaces. Now on to the third and most advanced method. If the model was originally built in Fusion 360 or an equivalent parametric program, then nearly all of the geometry can be rebuilt with a surface Sweep or surface Loft commands. First, ask yourself if it’s easier to rebuild the model from scratch. In many cases, it may be worth the bit of extra time to have a truly parametric model. If not, consider how you can divide the model up into sections that can be rebuilt with sweeps and lofts. Fillets with single curvature can be rebuilt with the Sweep command. For example, we’ll rebuild the side of this table riser. Here’s a handy trick if you need to delete a large number of mesh facets. We can use the Unstitch feature to unstitch the adjacent faces. Doing so will allow us to hide them in the Browser, making it easier for us to use a selection window to select all mesh triangles we’d like to delete. For your convenience, you can also grab demo file number three, which has this section removed for you. To create the sweep, we’ll need a sketch profile. In this case, we’ll sketch on the top surface to recreate the curvature. Projecting the two adjacent lines will allow you to use the Tangent arc, ensuring there is tangency in the transition to the adjacent planar faces. Using the surface Sweep command, we can now use this sketch as the profile, and the existing edge of our planar face as the Sweep path. The next objective is to use a more complex surface Loft to fix the complex curvature at the bottom. Lofting will generally require you to create one or more sketches to reference as the guide rails. In this case, we can loft from one side to the other, while referencing the top and the bottom as rails. However, because the bottom surface was not yet cleaned up, we’ll need to create a sketch to use as the rail. With a Plane at Angle or Plane through Three Points, we can create a Construction Plane to create the sketch on. Again, you’ll want to Project relevant geometry that will help you rebuild the surface. In this case, Project the corner edges and the start of the curve on each side. We can draw lines for the two straight segments. Once again, I’ll use the Tangent Arc to ensure this geometry is tangent to the adjacent faces. Double-check that both tangent constraints applied correctly. You may have to manually apply them in some scenarios. With the Surface loft, we can now use the top and bottom as the rails after selecting the two side profiles. Keep an eye on Chain Faces, which will ensure the sketch objects are selected as a single entity. You will also want to consider Continuity. We’ll switch this to Tangent [G1], which ensures the new surface is tangent to the adjacent surfaces. You’ll also want to familiarize yourself with the various Analysis options that will help you confirm your geometry is correct and clean. Once all your desired surfaces are rebuilt, we need to stitch them together to turn this model back to a solid body. Keep in mind that you do not have to recreate all surfaces, only the ones that you intend to modify and in some cases, any adjacent surfaces. As long as you do not reduce the number of mesh facets, the triangles do not actually affect the quality of the final model. I recommend viewing your model with the Shaded visibility to check geometry throughout any of these workflows. With the Stitch command active, you’ll find the red areas highlighted after we select the main body. Selecting each additional surface body in the Browser, you’ll find the highlights turn green, indicating that the surfaces are touching. We’ll also want to set the tolerance. I recommend .01mm which will help close the surfaces without distorting them. Notice we ended up with a single solid body in the Browser. You’re now able to modify this as a solid body, utilizing the full suite of solid modeling tools. If you’re okay with losing your parametric timeline, you can use the Find Features command in the direct modeling mode. This may make it easier to remove or alter common features such as Extrude and Fillet. I also want to show you how to use Thangs’ new Workspace to version control your files outside of Fusion 360. There’s always room for improvement after testing 3D prints, and I believe this workflow may help you keep track of changes and manage your files without crazy naming conventions. From your Thangs.com Profile, select View My Thangs. You can then select the desired file and “Open Workspace.” Thangs Workspace is 100% free and includes unlimited storage, sharing, and collaboration features. Drag and drop the latest file and select Continue. One of my favorite features is the ability to add a version description. Let your teammates or others recognize the improvements or changes. We can then Publish the new version. It’s important to note that Workspace works with all of your private files, as well as your Public files. Your files do not have to be public to utilize these features. From the Overview tab, compare differences side by side. However, in some cases, the changes may be hard to spot. The Overlay option allows you to drag the slider to transition from the latest to the new version. Notice the model turns solid green as it shows the new version. Lastly, the X-ray feature allows you to quickly view any internal changes. This also calls out features that may have been removed or added, and you can toggle these options at any time. All of these features can be activated from the desired version in your version history. Simply select to view the difference. It’s also important to note if your model is already made public, then your new version will be made public immediately, so don’t upload the version until you’re ready…or you can always first change the model to be private. Thangs’ new Workspace features also work hand-in-hand with their existing storage and collaboration features. Invite teammates to private folders and assign tasks based on each version or part. [Upbeat Music] This makes working on collaborative projects much easier. If you’ve learned something in this video, then you can help me out by clicking that thumbs-up button and sharing this video with your fellow 3D printing hobbyists. You’ll also find additional 3D printing design lessons in the following playlist. [End Upbeat Music]
