How COVID Helps Particle Accelerators | [OFFICE HOURS] Podcast #037

[Music] yeah no i told you yeah i want to be there tomorrow feet on the floor yeah front row yeah it's gonna be great what my application to the science team was denied why what did i do you you can't prove that was no i won't come in for questioning love you bye oh hello and welcome to office hours the live component of this of the facility where good old professor kyle opens up his blast doors as you just saw and allows all of the lovely facilities staff members and nerds who are just wandering around on the outside of what's not atlantis to come in and ask good old professor kyle any nerdy questions you may want things you're wondering about in pop culture and science etc etc as we go through a number of topics uh that have interested me had have made me say hey ho wow over the course of the week and we discuss it all in a nerdy way as possible of course if you want to join the facility if you want to drape a silky white lab coat over your shoulders and continue on this conversation even after this go to patreon.com kyle hill as my security team is putting in the chat and speaking of security team one is a buff guy and one is in fine shape but where's a bucket and has a wrench and they're not afraid to use it so be cool there in the chat and also if you really really want me to see your message in the youtube chat you can use youtube super chat i cannot get to everything because we have hundreds and hundreds of people in here sometimes thousands but i'll do my very best a good example this would be a hundred dollar donation from one of my biggest supporters elizabeth calvert who says hey kyle extra simp since i missed last week this is my tiny humans question of the week why can nothing go faster than the speed of light it's his birthday tomorrow and we can't have friends over due to kovid which wraps right into our first topic actually can you give a birthday shout out to alex he is seven tomorrow and it means a lot to him alex have a wonderful birthday you seem like you have wonderful parents i wish you all the happiness and joy in the world that can be found in complete isolation happy birthday dude or do happy birthday alex from me um but you are wondering about why can nothing travel faster than the speed of light well unfortunately alex this part gets a little bit complicated and i don't know how much you know as a seven-year-old because i don't talk to children but uh you may know that weird things happen when you travel close to the speed of light two weird things happen in fact one is which when you go really really really really fast if you were to look at your watch as i'm doing now you wouldn't notice anything different but if someone was watching you go really really really fast and they looked at your watch it would be ticking more slowly that's right when you go really really fast you slow down in time not only do you slow down in time but as you go really really really fast you also contract in space so to an outside observer not only do you slow down but you also squeeze now because of the math here it bears out that if you go if you went at the speed of light your clock would slow down so much your time your experienced time would be zero and your spatial dimension what you would be would be so smooshed you'd be nothing you wouldn't even exist in space time anymore so this doesn't make any sense it's it's a it's a state that cannot exist if you're something with mass such as you and myself alex so if you have mass you can't go the speed of light because going at or faster than the speed of light is like saying that something's you know darker than black or darker than the absence of light darker than dark it doesn't really make sense so you can't go faster than the speed of light because if you were able to you wouldn't really exist in time and space you'd be able to break causality you need infinite energy there's a lot of good reasons the universe doesn't really want you to go faster than the speed of light and and we do have a lot of donations here and that's fine because this week i don't all the topics i want to get to this week are a little short so that's totally fine hillian shade with the 10 says show the love kyle hey hi do you think it'd be cool to put every human into a spaceship and orbit them around our solar system near light speed to let the earth's atmosphere recover of tech allowed this is actually that's a plot point in the first ender's game book where to keep one of their amazing strategists or pilots alive they put him in a spaceship and fly him around near light speed to age him more slowly so he can exist for longer which i think is such a cool sci-fi idea and it totally makes sense if you can get close to the speed of light somehow but to do that with every human we have trouble getting five humans into space at a time so it's not really feasible right now mr diglett as always coming in with the 20 uh mr diglett used oh no no uh no message attached mr diglett must have used dig which is very effective against psychic types thomas hedrick is always with the 20 says simp science is my passion ooh i like that hey kevin number 542 don't forget the plaque you heard thomas if you were in a pressurized suit in a vantablack vacuum chamber would you only see light in the direction between the light and your retina in the direction directly between uh if you were in let's put it this way if you were in an infinitely large chamber would you see any light if no light was in there at all no i mean your body is emitting photons it's emitting infrared radiation because anything with the temperature emits infrared radiation um but you won't be able to see it so no i think it'd be the biggest of voids as they say and with that with all those examples of wonderful facility members let's go to the first topic particle accelerators they are literally a lot of people confused in the chat i don't care particle accelerators they are literally the most complicated machines on earth they're not the most complicated objects on earth that's arguably our brains which might be or human brains sorry which might be the most complicated structures in the universe if only life that's intelligent be we in the universe the particle accelerators are incredibly complicated and one of the ways that they need to work is because they need so much magnetism to or magnet they need very very strong magnetic fields to corral uh particles and plasmas and fling them around so close you get you talk about going the speed of light these particle accelerators are so advanced and so complicated they can get protons and other particles moving within three meters per second of the speed of light now think about how powerful that is for a second the speed of light say with me class is 300 000 kilometers per second which means it's 300 million meters per second which means if they're off by just three meters per second they are only they are within one 100 millionth yes of the speed of light so that alone should also help answer tiny humans question alex from before i mean we can get particles so darn close we can get it that close but no closer it's because physics kind of says because it would take infinite amount of energy anyway so these machines are incredibly strong and they need incredibly strong magnets now i say in the thumbnail and in the title of this video that the pandemic has helped in some way particle accelerators i want to see if you know why take a second take a second i want i want to guess how how could these two worlds collide as the deaf tones would say dreadlord shot says why is kyle dude i don't know i didn't choose to exist i just exist and be dope it's not my fault oh okay so i see my first it's not a complete accident i see my first correct answer from daramo 10 who says helium prices that is true so people saying how should i know well i'm asking we're live streaming this is a a cooperative medium anyway so only one person with the right answer that's interesting okay so that's fine so i guess it's not a very known thing that to power these incredibly strong magnets hatron says kyle is hot who asked you anyway thank you uh particle accelerators need incredibly strong magnets to power those magnets it would be very inefficient if you if you had giant electromagnets that were running so much power through them to fling these protons near the speed of light that it would create immense amounts of heat and it'd be inefficient so particle accelerators use liquid helium so helium compressed and cooled down so it's just a few degrees above absolute zero like five to ten degrees above absolute zero what liquid helium does in the presence of some materials it cools those materials down so much so that electricity can flow through them without any electrical resistance electrical resistance of course is what generates heat something like a transistor or your circuits or what have you so these particle accelerators use superconducting magnets superconductivity is what we just mentioned superconducting magnets in these arrays and arrangements cooled by liquid helium now liquid now helium is a even though it's one of the most abundant abundant elements in the universe apparently it's pretty hard to make on earth well make and store on earth so who produces the world's he well most of it in the united states the other majority of it in qatar or cutter depending on how you want to say it um but now let's look at the main uses mri scanners uh mri machines also use superconducting magnets cooled by liquid helium welding uses helium laboratories uh for cooling samples working on superconductors that kind of thing balloons up to ten percent of the world's helium is used by party balloons and what if anything has the pandemic prevented from happening parties and birthday parties quoting from an article on physics today says as demand for party balloons which account for 10 percent of more or of the totally helium use it disappeared in march and as industrial demands slowed in concert with shelter and place orders the global helium supply crunch of the past two years abruptly ended quote it was like somebody flipped a switch it went from a shortage to an ample supply within a month and the in the supply now is between ample and plentiful so a weird and i wanted to bring this up because as we'll get to i talk about on the show a lot of bad knock-on effects of the pandemic but this is an interesting positive one that because people aren't buying as many birthday party balloons we can get more science done in particle accelerators and mris and all these things it's a weird you know the a global civilization is so intertwined and entangled it's hard to see these silver linings sometimes but this is indeed one of them and it looks like a lot of y'all didn't know that superconducting magnets needed something like liquid helium but this is why and now because you're sheltering in place and not having a birthday party i know it can be hard alex but we're all doing it we got it we got to do it together now we can fling more protons close to the speed of light how cool is that don't worry i'll answer it for you a very ow that yep alan t with the australian 25 dollars says hi kyle i hope you and arya are well and happy uh yeah i started off um 2021 with some uh with some new resolutions i haven't really been following one of them but i did uh get a personal trainer which i've been wanting to do for a long time so you boys on a diet and fitness plan and yeah we'll see what happens i'm feeling okay i feel i'm eating more salad than i've than i've eaten in like five years ixion faux says oh that's scary this is a very paradoxical flip side to a lack of let's say 99 balloons that aren't floating in the summer sky you almost made me say the title of the song and then i would have lost all my money levi rivers says kyle would it be possible that time as we know it could operate within a three-dimensional framework below the speed of light at the speed of light faster than the speed of light and warp speeds um there's no indication that time operates differently according to the speed of light because the speed of light in all reference frames in every three dimens in every dimension in every spatial dimension uh the speed of light is constant that is the central tenet of uh special relativity so to answer your question fully no not as we know it uh dk pit main says this is a repeat but is the fastest main man-made object really a manhole cover so this was an experiment the fastest what sought to be the fastest uh man-made object uh or human-made object rather it's 20-21 um where they put a nuclear bomb at the bottom of let's just call it a well that they drilled in the desert and on top of that nuclear bomb like 500 feet down i believe it was they put a plug of concrete and then they put a manhole cover up at the very top and i don't remember i think it was just an underground nuclear blast experiment i don't think they're wondering what would happen um to the manhole cover but regardless when the nuclear bomb exploded it acted like a potato gun in that it created a in you know it vaporized meters and meters of rock and dirt instantly created a huge pressure of gas and that uh that that potato gun this manhole so fast that in like the single frame they caught the manhole at it was traveling like more than escape velocity so like theoretically it it was going so fast it could have just left the planet um what's much more likely is that it got vaporized by by the atmosphere and stuff but uh i think that's that's one of the candidates if not the candidate we have devon carr with the five says kyle i love the show thank you for your contribution to the science community yeah i'm doing what i can look i mean look i'm in this look i don't you know i'm in this giant area i could be frolicking frolicking thank you yoshi six six and a half thousand says hey kyle simp for science what would happen if multiple black holes met we actually know this um they act like giant giant masses and they merge this is one of the ways they can orbit each other they can orbit each other intensely they can combine and this is one of the sources of gravitational waves that we detected way back whenever that was two black holes merging created a gravitational disturbance so great and so vast that it traveled for billions of years before wibble wobbling some uh vacuum tubes with a laser in it down in california when you put it like that it sounds pretty cool uh nate mate with the five says just one small simp for simp kind isn't that what buzz aldrin said spasmody is three with the five says hey kyle are computer-generated tesseracts our best approach to showing large objects and superposition i have no idea um a tesseract is just a fourth dimensional object right it's not in superposition with something else is it i might be misunderstanding something uh we have uh tam one of my facility members with the 50 who says you can actually have your own linear linear particle accelerator cern provides cern provides drawing and structural oh my gosh i can't read instructions for 3d modeling we'll put in put in the chat and let's have let's have everyone make a little particle accelerator phelon tv with the 5000 crc whatever that is kyle love the love show that is what i would host on on mtv is there a way to simulate the moon orbit around the earth such as i can estimate moon phases over certain areas of the world thousands of years ago stay safe let's pause the super chat so we can get on to our next topic but um basically is there a modeling program somewhere where you can trace back the orbit of the moon thousands of years i'm sure there must be one i don't know if that would be like a a universe simulator two or something like that if you know of something that can do that um put it in the chat there might just also be records of it and you know the mathematics of it so i would search for something like you know faces of the moon dot search dot is and i'm sure you'll get something uh but just search for those keywords and i'm sure you'll find something because i think it is calculable right brent swords with the 20 says hey kyle love the show keep cranking out good content signs has a seat at the table for the next four years i think that actually brings us into our next topic let's see look at me i have a twitter account or is that me who knows um so i'm sorry mods i don't want this to become contentious but i need to bring this up because as you know i'm a huge fan of social media i think it is literally ripping apart the fabric of society it's changing the way we interact with each other it's changing how children grow up in their relation to each other and their social groups and the world at large i think it hacks your brain with intentionally attention modifying devices and algorithms think we're literally being programmed by social media so i think you should delete all of it it's my basic opinion but kyle you use social media i know but i use it to like say cool science stuff i'm talking about the kind of use of social media that is potentially the most harmful of course you can use social media for good purposes but one this technology also avails itself of very very very dangerous behavior and that's what i want to talk about now who could say who's behi who's twitter account this is but in the last week or so um in unprecedented moves many social media companies have banned incredibly high arguably the most high profile account in the world and like 70 000 other social media accounts associated with conspiracy theories um advocation for violence etc etc things that obviously violate terms of service now i don't want to get into like a free speech argument because it's very easy to see that this isn't a free speech argument you don't have a right to use someone else's thing however you want that's like saying you know i can't be banned from the bullhorn store because i just buy bull horns and shout fire in theaters cause of course they can of course they can they shouldn't just like hey oops this guy keeps doing that and nothing we can do so uh free speech obviously has its limits within a society within a globally connected society where you can do real harm case in point a new study a new study out of signal labs suggested that after in this last week of mass bannings of of social media accounts associated with conspiracy theories and advocating of violence online misinformation related to these conspiracy theories dropped 73 percent so dropping from 2.5 million mentions on twitter for example to under 700 000 and this was by banning just a few high-profile accounts and num and many very small ones i bring this up in the context of social media because like i said there's a lot of good arguments for what social media can do for good but we're not we're not acknowledging the context here in a vacuum when you say like well wouldn't it be great if everyone could say what they want in public to an audience that wanted to hear it yes but in today's day and age where single people can have disproportionate and catastrophic influence on millions and millions of people perhaps we should rethink our stance i bring this up in the context of super spreading what social media is really maybe it's an emergent property of it but what it's really good at doing is super spreading and this is the same thing that a virus does it's having a what do you call a a replication number above one where you read things you read something from one person and you're likely to spread it to more than one person if that happens as those other people spread it it gets bigger and bigger and bigger and out of control it's no wonder that they call this kind of spread virality or going viral because it does literally operate like a virus and if the past week and a half or so has shown us anything and i've said this publicly too it's that we need to start acknowledging that the online world is no longer siloed off from reality in fact the online world is changing the hearts and minds of people in reality it's it's when social media controls what you feel and what you see and chooses you to show some chooses to show you some stuff but not others it's changing your outlook on the world it's changing what you and i agree reality is and for a long time i think we've all had this feeling in the back of our minds like well that could online stuff could never bleed over into real world stuff but we saw the exact opposite and i'm so surprised that this is one of the first big things we've ever seen but um we have a real problem here that big technology companies really can no longer just sit back and say you know it's not our fault it's just a platform well it's not just a platform because you can have people showing up for conspiratorial reasons that are plainly nonsensical and threaten real democratic action and society that's crazy i mean and it's not just america i mean there are innumerable examples of people in other countries i believe this was china where some china or india where some man uh his his profile or whatever went viral was because people thought he was a kidnapper and then people saw him somewhere on the street and beat him to death the virtual is now entangled with reality in a way that's kind of like entanglement where if you change something in the virtual world something in reality will also change and we need to get our stuff straight on this topic it is not harmless and unfettered rampant libertarianism and capitalism in this sector can have real downsides and this may be the most semi-political i've ever been but you know like i just i feel it down to my toes that social media needs to change in a significant and substantial way all that being said make sure you subscribe to my only fans a floof master says the area 51 rate is a good example yeah well that was a that was of course a silly example where no one got hurt only a few people showed up um that's a silly example but you see that what if that what if the context of that area 51 raid was changed what if a conspiracy theory said instead of aliens at area 51 it was you know some some uh some some prominent conspiracy theorist was quote unquote being held at some location what if people what if armed people showed up and started asking about it it's wild caleb baker says mods your drinks are on me yeah i'm sorry that i that i kind of threw this at you but i really believe that we need to have a conversation about this because we can't even have conversations anymore you know what i mean the only way through this is is talking to each other master of all with the ten dollars hey kyle uh australian ten dollars hey kyle what do you think about swapping from a smartphone to a basic phone to try to avoid the influence of social media do you think the smartphone is too entwined in modern society to do this yeah i think unfortunately well for example to do a job like mine you kind of need to be online or at least accessible um but i know a couple of people who have downgraded their phones uh left certain social media sites and have felt really good about it the the research in this area is pretty clear that social media use is linked to depression suicidal tendencies um feelings of despair like across age groups especially like with young women um i think it's again no one can argue that some amazing things haven't happened because of social media and connectivity but i argue it's a net negative uh thomas with the five says don't think we forgot thor clone project zero three thousand neodymium magnets when the internet remembers all i'm still working actually me and thea did come up with an idea to use 3000 neodymium magnets that are sitting right over there um just wait esteban benitez what the five says hey kyle just letting you know i located the facility snuck in and found the invoice evil plan d48a you really need to beef up your security love from estaban you didn't get you didn't get in in here that would be crazy if you got any yeah yeah no el nombre esteban i forgot his last name yes they're that accurate nowadays huh sending the strike bienvenido to hell smp mcb with the hundred dollar donation says kyle kyle kyle kyle kyle on a serious note i'm an er physician and have enjoyed your show since the because science days thanks for staying sane and combating misinformation it helps especially seeing conspiracy theory after conspiracy theory online hope you're doing well well i hope you are doing well snp thank you for your very generous donation to the facility and thank you for being on the front lines working in the er i can't even imagine the stress levels let alone the chafing on your face i have a very sensitive face i can't do what you do but you can keep it up uh let's go on to our next topic because a lot of you got a big old problem with something that i did fine let's get to it wait wait wait yeah i'm gonna skip one thing all right so usually this portion of the broadcast we have what i like to call um peer review now peer review is usually a time where i take your comments questions comments about my looking my look and feel and i highlight them and i highlight a single comment i make them an honorary member of the facility and then kevin gets you a plaque he's done this every week but this week the latest video at the facility was why the classic darth vader style neck lift was impossible and kind of like the old because science days this is one of the episodes that really really pinched a nerve for a lot of you people and i know why whenever i mention whenever i do any kind of fitness or strength anything muscle boys and bays come out of the woodwork and they're like you're totally wrong you just don't you just you're just a little boy so for this week i had a lot of people saying that a this is super possible to do and b darth vader can do it because he's cybernetic and muscle metal and he uses the force in fact some of you put me in some kind of meme oh no you can't just slip me by the neck like this you're breaking the laws of physics no force power force power goes burr and that's even my actual hair i can tell so y'all obviously you got a problem and i got a problem with the response because even if it's not you i'm going to be addressing you so many of you very much misunderstand what this is when i say why you can't lift people like darth vader i'm saying why you you can't lift people like darth vader so it could be totally possible that darth vader being a augmented cybernetic cyborg person could be really heavy really strong and this burnt boy could use the force and help do this lift you've seen luke lift uh yoda lift a freaking x-wing out of a swamp sure okay who cares i'm saying you can't do that darth vader can for some very plausible reasons but first and foremost you can't do that because you don't have any of that okay do you understand the difference there i'm not saying darth vader can't do it you can't and second i had a lot of people saying uh oh yeah kyle well look at this the bulk of darth vader's body is made of cybernetic implants any questions now i i don't know if he was joking there just because he looked like if i was a wizard but he was lifting 10 pounds out bent it's not exactly a person is it another humble gentleman said something similar all right cal yes straight arm lift virtually impossible but physics do come in different play as well this is a 25 pound weight and as you were showing straight out is almost impossible but as you see in the vader pick a slight angle makes a big difference as well as you can't see the feet but the feet are slightly apart i can hold this here much longer vader's really tall person is really short you can pick them up and hold them to interrogate them first of all i greatly appreciate the dedication of anyone who took the time out of their day to make a video and send it to me but again it's not about darth vader yes i agree if you bend your arm use your biceps and lift in a different way that's more over your center of mass center of gravity yes it will be easier maybe that's what darth vader does but again not talking about darth vader i'm talking about the style of lift where a some strong bow lifts up someone directly out by their neck arms width apart off the ground and despite having a very impressive 4.5 kilogram weight and a 20 pound weight those are not people weights like i said those are baby weights and don't try that with a baby please you might be like you know what i'm gonna stop myself so i find a lot of problems with this clearly and i took that personally yeah so what other things in this vein because i feel like i've i've answered myself what other things in this vein would you like to see me do because this video is doing quite well for some reason i think it's because i anger strength bros and bays but what other kind of tropey sciency thing would you like to see me do i had one idea and i think it's finally going to integrate a rock climbing sort of physics-y approach that i wanted to do and my love for mythbusters and my connection to them where i don't wanna i don't wanna debunk something rather i want to show the regular average person how to hang on a ledge like a superhero there are some real biophysical like biomechanical techniques that you can change about how you hold stuff that would let you hang on to a ledge more like a superhero more than you would be able to normally so i might do that i might build my own hanging rig and get some people that you like to try it then i might train them it might be fun devil's night gaming says make magnetic boots no i wouldn't trust myself i'd fall and break my neck thomas says i vader lifted a baby as its family looked on in horror don't do that uh big bang 4a2 says could hulk smash sciencenerd says was leia kissing luke weird you guys are nailing this silvos with the 50 donation says my mom's a nurse and i showed her your videos regarding covid she wanted to thank you for trying to provide accurate information which seems to be sadly lacking these days keep up the science silvos thank you so much for being a professor at the facility thank you so much for relaying that message from your mom uh i hope your mom is safe and healthy and doing the best she can and trying not to lose her mind get totally stressed out um i'm just doing my part your mom's your mom's doing her part and i will do my best to do my part which is to get good accurate not crazy information out there because there's a lot of crazy information out there i can't understand the va the the vaccine microchip connection i just i just really can't uh jay's my name says how do you release all eight gates of your chakra well first you have to realize that chakras aren't a thing and then you don't have to worry about it anymore fadi sadi says kyle say hi arya she's on a bunch of screens she's a she's a computer consciousness uh boise free runner says why can't i side flip backwards i can side flip forwards to the side in the direction of rotation to the other side against my rotational direction but why can i not side flip while moving backward um i don't know isn't a don't you kind of move backwards a little bit during a backflip i've seen a backwards moving to the side backflip uh where someone does a backflip in the mid in mid air someone pushes them which gives me a sense that's really hard to generate well think about what a backflip is doing you can't there's no like running back flip right there's running front flips and so ha you know yeah it's kind of explaining it so when you're doing a running front flip you already have some momentum going forward then what you do is you also jump to get some uh momentum going up and in the resultant vector for all that momentum is something kind of diagonally so you do move forward as you flip backflips you never start off moving with any momentum backwards you're always standing still right so when you're jumping straight up with a lot of force a lot of momentum to get your uh sweet gymnast body off the ground it would take a lot of force to change that vector a little bit to make you move backwards so because you don't have any starting initial velocity in in that direction it's hard to move a body in mid-air it's hard to move your body at all i think that answers it all hail science thor ghost game says double jumping you could in theory double jump like in space if you got naked in through your clothes but don't quote me don't get naked in space dio uh brando colate says hey the show the hate heil kyle why does hair grow faster on the head than anywhere else on the body hashtags and for science i think that's just a growth rate depending on the hair follicles hair follicles in those um in those different tissues i don't think it's the same tissue everywhere on your body therefore different follicles and i could just see that they have different growth rates i don't i don't know how else to explain it you know the hair on your head is different from the hair on your face or hair on your they're different follicles is my assumption but i don't know that would be the simplest answer but i don't know uh z1lt says how much force does it take to rip someone in half why do you want to know that a lot um but not a crazy amount because horses could do it well you know so back when they were quartering drawing and quartering people they had horses effectively rip people in half or rip their limbs off by tying ropes to them and having your arms and legs and having them run in different directions but a lot of times the executioner would have to go in with a knife and cut some of your tendons and ligaments at your joints so it's easier to rip you apart that's probably too much alex you're only seven years old if you're watching i'm i'm sorry you gotta grow up real fast in this world i'm a bad person crazy cage with the ten dollars says think of it uh think of it as a wwe wrestler doing the choke slam the necklace the person being slammed jumps and helps the lift the slammer also uses his pants to help grip on to it's impossible to do it any other way absolutely as i say in the video i've been choke slammed by a very large man not like that um but we had to talk beforehand about okay here's how we're going to do this without hurting each other you're going to jump into it once you're at my shoulder you're going to use your hand to press down so i can lift you up easier it's not an in isolation thing otherwise it's impossible jonathan ashcraft with the 20 dollar says hey kyle best diet thor i'm working on it i think a lot about different ways to fix the structure of society but in over a decade haven't come up with anything not dumb being a musician i can't hide from the social media sadly uh don't put it on yourself to try to redefine all of society um but i think we could do ourselves a favor by acknowledging which technologies or which trends can be society warping and then try to change it in a way we think would be more beneficial i think it's pretty clear that social media in its current form has more downsides than upsides major lee awesome with the twenty dollars is playing no man's sky and learned how to duplicate indium you turn indium into chromatic metal and then fuse indium one and one chromatic mendel into two indium is it possible to do this via fusion and using the energy to make matter oh what so you wouldn't do it with fusion um what so in a in a way alchemy was real but they had well so hundreds of years ago they realized once they were once they were discovering the internal the structure of elements that they were just atoms with protons and neutrons they theorized that if you could just add extra protons and neutrons two atoms you could transmute those materials into different materials you could theoretically use some nuclear process to add enough protons to lead to turn it into gold um so no man's sky what they're doing i mean who knows but um you could in a nuclear process add protons to elements and transmute it it wouldn't be through through fusion um because well it could be through fusion i suppose but once you get past iron uh the fusion process um takes more energy than it releases and it becomes uh diminishing returns and then stars die uh robert brunch with the five says how does light slow through media and speed back up on exit very complicated question roger think of it so you may know that light is both a particle and a wave and you may know that waves can constructively interfere and destructively interfere in that well you've heard of noise cancelling headphones correct what noise cancelling headphones are doing is sending out sound waves that constructively uh de destructively interfere with sound waves coming at your ear and so the net result is when those waves meet is a diminished wave and so it cancels out some sound and so it's quieter on an airplane where all the babies are crying and that guy next to you isn't wearing a mask properly and you want to punch him right in the so if you think of light and and other matter acting like waves then you can see that if some material has a different waveform than light it could be deconstructive when it meets light right so light comes in and when it interacts with that material likes noise-canceling sound waves the light could be it could form a composite wave that in that medium is slower but once the wave got to the edge of the material and exit it there's no longer any interference and light continues on at the speed of light so this the light the speed of the photon itself isn't changing it is the speed of this new mutant wave inside of the material that's neither the material or light itself and then when light exit it uh exits it reese it um regains its lightiness with no interference and it goes the speed of light i hope that makes sense uh nicholas bryers with the 10 says expansion of the universe speeding up because space-time overall is flat and it's actually time speeding up over long distances i've no idea that's way above my pay grade um it's like negative negative pressure in the universe the cosmological constant and all that i don't know um that's the kind of theory where you need to go to school if you really want to investigate it the problem with these kind of theories is that when you're not an expert you can think of a lot of things to be like well if that worked it would totally make sense i'm smarter than einstein but then you just go to a couple of courses in school you're like oh i really don't actually understand this and that's where a lot of rubber meets their own for for internet googling google foo um so i'd look into it it's moving right along i i said i don't have a lot of topics this time i'm just taking a lot of your questions alan t with the australian 10 says in order to rip someone's arm out of this socket wouldn't you have to grab them by the upper arm imagine pulling by the hand or wrist would separate the wrist or elbow first i don't know ask the guys had their arms ripped off by horses see how my hair is lightly blowing in the wind there's a nice cool breeze going through here at all times uh cerebus mori says does friction affect light not in the way that you mean light interacts with different surfaces and materials differently and that could have something to do with the exterior structure of it but it's not friction in that it applies usually when you're talking about friction you're talking about a a a force in opposition to motion and that's not light does not experience a force in opposition to motion like that like like at least to how you're describing it uh olivia yates with the 15 says my dad's been a comic book illustrator since the 70s including for dc and we both get a kick out of the you don't want x super power series thanks for being wonderfully nerdy will that make that make thank you that's really nice yeah i enjoy doing the you don't want series um and people enjoy them because i think people just like me being negative of things oh i like the oh here we go we got a big boy coming in um whoa okay okay here we go uh so so and answer your question first um the problem being with that series is that i've pretty much done every basic superpower except for telekinesis which doesn't make sense so i've pretty much done them all if you can think of another one look back on because science i did like 10 of them if you can find one zachary warhover with the 200 dollar donation oh i'll be still my oh my oh that's not where my heart is don't worry about where my heart is zachary with the 200 it's too much money spend it on groceries and toilet paper but thank you 200 hey kyle i was thinking about infinity the other oh no i got some bad news for you already i probably won't be able to answer this i was thinking about infinity the other day as you do and when i was thinking about the infinite permutations that might be possible if there are alternate dimensions i was wondering what does infinite mean i was wondering does infinite mean that in some universes reality somewhere life finds a way to prevent heat death so i'm interpret i'm interpreting your question thusly um so in one school of thought in quantum mechanics according to the mathematics there's a many worlds so to speak interpretation and that is whenever a quantum system interacts with another instead of there being one result or the other from the superposition both results happen but both results happen in different universes so because everything is a quantum system and there's uncountable numbers of of you know particles in the universe as we know it there would be effectively an infinite number of branching realities where different outcomes happen now that if that's true then there's infinite realities effectively but this isn't i think this is where a lot of people take the wrong turn here it's not that then anything will happen it's that anything that is plausible or rather anything that is possible within the realm of physics in the universe where these are branching from that's the boundary so it wouldn't be like you know if there's infinite universes there's one universe where i have telekinesis or i can fly well those things aren't physically possible or there's one universe where ghosts exist that's not physically possible there's no science to back it up whatsoever and so there wouldn't be a universe where that was an outcome but anything that was possible in our universe as we know it with an infinite number of permutations then you have this uh monkeys on a typewriter-like situation where is there a universe where i'm president tomorrow yeah i guess so um so would uh would there be a universe where life finds a way to escape the heat death of the universe no idea we don't even know if heat death is a thing that can be stopped if it's a thing that will actually happen um how would you stop it don't know we'd have to know for me to give you a good answer we'd have to know whether or not it was possible to do that kind of thing i don't know ask an astrophysicist ask uh katie mack oh ask at astrokaty on twitter maybe she'll know she just wrote a book about all that stuff um gaunt 101 very supportive facility member says with the australian fifty dollars aye get a woolly dog up here one of the cameramen on mythbusters was australian he told me to say that um seeming we can always use some good news here's one of international cooperation a member of the australian antarctic expedition had to be evacuated the australian american and chinese expedition all work together to get them home by christmas oh that's nice i've often thought about visiting one of those north pole south pole expedition there is i think the solitude would be nice but i also don't want to have to shoot a polar bear where is my head at just then i don't know caleb gannon and we just have about five or so more minutes he'll begin with the 5 says i can't help but think there's some part there's some sort of correlation between the equations p equals mv and e equals m c squared and even if that means anything if there is look at you smart boy go uh look up the actual formation of e equals m c squared and then get back to me in the chat look up the full equation the full e equals mc squared equation is not e equals mc squared by the way if anyone knows it what it is in the chat put it in the chat because it's not someone just call me thick thor i'm not that thick well anyway he mestra says you're such a legend no no uh you are uh crin says i wouldn't mind kyle b kyle being president i probably would though seems like a lot of stress i want see this i'm not gonna say it i want someone who is smarter than me in political discourse in social and and geopolitical interactions i want someone who's way smarter than me in those areas they don't need to be a quantum physicist i want someone who's much better than me at diplomacy and politics and stuff like that and i don't i haven't always felt that way that i was not as smart as the person trying to do that i want to feel smarter so i wouldn't pick me for president i want someone who's better because i'm not i'm not even on the government's records could you i'm not i'm not old enough to be president they can't find me and my my my darpa funding uh kind of let's just say dried up after the deaths i forgot there's one last thing i wanted to show you uh before i end the stream so i'll show you before i end the stream and you can you can have your reactions to that but uh i didn't forget i didn't forget is anyone putting the actual there we go nate cabral says e squared equals m squared plus c uh m squared times c to the fourth plus p squared times c squared so as you can see uh i forget who said that but momentum is a part of the e equals uh of einstein's famous equation because it you also have to equals mc squared only captures the so-called rest energy of some object if you just uh transformed all of the mass in an object at rest into energy but once that object starts moving you must incorporate the energy of motion and as always at the end of the show music central piano with a 54-32 i like how you just randomly pick these numbers each week you're like you know what what's a number that starts with five that's weird who says keep it up kyle great points on social media sam harris said quote civilization rests on a series of successful conversations absolutely agree in fact civilization rests on a series of successful conversations making those conversations easier and less fraught can only help us out as a society so i know we didn't have many topics this week but thank you so much for those of you who did join me if you want to join the facility continue on this conversation on discord on patreon get episodes early get members only live streams not like that you can go to patreon.com kyle hill and join the facility right now uh what do we have coming up this week uh if you haven't watched the latest episode about how people are angry that i said something about darth vader please watch that back on the channel and this week we have a new entry into the half-life histories series so this is a new uh essay video um that is wholly original it's not based on any previous thing that i've written did about 4 000 words worth of research should be a nice long somewhat disturbing essay about another nuclear disaster slash accident i hope you enjoy it look for that around friday-ish have a wonderful rest of your week it might be kind of a weird week for uh some of us in america but we'll get through it especially if we have good honest conversations with each other and we're understanding and we recognize the weaponization of of speech and inner connectivity that social media has brought us so until next time be nice to each other because this is all we got and now i want you i'm gonna leave the stream up for just a minute because i want you to just to discuss this bye-bye [Music] do

Channel: Kyle Hill

Views: 57,573

Keywords: science, stem, education, math, physics, space, kyle hill, biology, podcast, learning, because science, the facility, kyle hill channel, office hours, helium, magnets, COVID, covid-19, pandemic, particle, particle accelerator, large hadron collider

Id: yB2pCnPSfk4

Length: 61min 10sec (3670 seconds)

Published: Wed Jan 20 2021