[Music] the megalithic structures found at many sites around the world have generated endless controversy as to how they were built conventional archaeologists who dismissed the possibility of highly advanced civilizations in the remote past insist that they were built solely with the use of primitive tools and brute force some of the structures or parts of them could have been built in this way however a number of Engineers have stated that some features would be difficult if not impossible to duplicate today even using the most advanced technology the sheer weight and size of some of the stone blocks have prompted several researchers to wonder whether the ancient builders had mastered some form of levitation technology behind each structure you're about to see from Japan to Saudi Arabia there's a lot of mystery and intrigue that is puzzled even the best scientists asuka is a village nestled among the hills of the nara prefecture of cannes i'd japan the area is known for its many buddhist temples shrines and statuary but there are unusually shaped granite stones and stone carved figures that still defy explanation apart from the shamisen Seki a garden fixture carved to suggest mounts a marrow of Buddhist mythology or the male female stone carving which likewise was designed as a fountain the purpose is originally associated with the other worked stones bearing such names as Masuda no e WA foon Sokka foon a XI comma Ishii Miroku Ishi nimman Seki etc is unknown and does not fit with Buddhist style sculpture or construction they have been for the most part ignored by academics let's focus on the largest of those monuments it's known as Masuda No Oh fu nee which is said to mean rock ship of Masuda the monument is 11 meters long 8 meters wide and four point seven meters high and weighs approximately 1,000 tons carved from a single piece of granite the upper surface is flat with a shallow trough and two square holes at the base of the stone there are protruding notches that are believed to be related to the process used by the builders to flatten the sides of the rock it sits atop the steep incline of a hill near oka Dara station some believe the shape and contour of the rock is very compelling evidence for past alien encounters in fact most ancient astronaut researchers in the area believe Masuda know a few nee is a replica of a god-like vehicle other researchers have speculated that it could be a piece of evidence that shows signs of an advanced technology in the past because of the skill involved in making it obviously it's an incredibly advanced construction for its time another remarkable fact is that the granite rock from which the megaliths were created is incredibly hard even with modern equipment it's very difficult to even apply a scratch to the surface vocals believe in the magical powers of megaliths and try to avoid them and many more will not touch the stones today these stones still represent one of the greatest archeological puzzles of Japan because no archaeologist can state with certainty how old the Masuda know a few Nate really is or what its original function might have been there are many more of these enigmatic features of ancient Japan than are as of now lost to the pages of history say white is an archaeological site 47 kilometers east of the city of Evan k about three hours away from the city of Cuzco in the province of a band cake in the region of a poor eMac in Peru to some historians the site is regarded as a center of religious worship for Inca people but beyond the ruins of the Inca temple our mysterious automobile-sized stones which have clearly been shaped with an unknown technology whoever created the massive stones is another massive mystery although it's thought that the place was an Inca sanctuary archeologists are not sure the ancient Incans were the constructors the stone is made of andesite which is as hard as granite and the Inca had at best bronze tools or meteorite iron hammers this is why much doubt has been cast on the origins of the monuments and their archaeological site of say white this intricate stone block is adorned with more than 200 zoomorphic and geometric figures which together composed something like a 3d relief the entire rock itself is even formed in the shape of a feline head it's said to have been transported to the hill since it's not a natural outcrop some carvings represent geographical figures and human constructions while making use of certain shapes natural to the rock formation the top of the stone is completely resurfaced with complex designs with many resembling streets stairways channels and buildings branch the stone carving represents a map of a lost city or as some theories suggest it may be a depiction of the universe itself researcher dr. Arlen Andrews senior believes the monolith was used as a scale model to design develop test and document the water flow for public water projects and to teach ancient engineers and technicians the concepts and practices required while the precise meaning of this stone remains unsolved the monolith is part of the material culture of the Incan people and as such helps archaeologists piece together how and why they lived this way understanding the Incan culture from an archaeological perspective helps archeologists apply this knowledge to similar civilizations and find links between ancient cultures in any case however these say white monolith remains an intriguing mystery and no doubt people will continue to speculate about it from its creators to its function for years to come into you autonomous stone is a sacred ritual stone for the Incas which has four sides considered as the four cardinal points north south east and west the most famous Indy Hewett on a stone is located at the archaeological site of Machu Picchu which is located on top of the sacred mountain this is a simple wonder reflecting the perfection of ancient technology this wonderful sculpture to put it one way and of course more functions than being a beautiful decorative piece which it surely is the stones name is translated into English as the hitching post of the Sun because the Incas believed that the stone can hold the Sun in its place along its annual path in the sky the Sun almost stands at the pillars at midday on March 21st and September 21st when the equinoxes occur daytime equals nighttime then no shadow is cast at all the monolithic structure carved in gray granite up to two meters high and two meters in diameter its base does not have a defined shape but at the top stands out an upright stone column in addition it features a granite block resembling a bench however who actually made this is again open a question breanne Forrester States the lack of tool marks on the surfaces may indicate that the work done to make these enigmas was long before ink at times possibly by a culture called the pair house or Veera coaches Viracocha is the name or title in the Quechua language of the Inca creator God at the time of the Spanish conquest of Peru in the 16th century according to a Keable eaves Viracocha made earth and sky then fashioned from stone a race of giants displeased with them he turned some Giants back into stone and destroyed the rest in a flood it's often said that the NT hua ton of stone serves as a portal to another world these stones were extremely sacred to the Incas Peruvian shamans claimed and still claim that if a sensitive person touches their forehead to the stone it would open their vision to the spirit world during their conquest the Spaniards specifically sought out and destroyed many inti hua ton of stones the Incans believed that when an NT who a ton of stone was broken the deities pertaining to that sacred spot would die many mysteries are written around the stone they tie the Sun because if the Sun goes out his life will be finished and the Sun brings to life all creatures is the light of the life back to Japan now 100 kilometers west of Asuka park near takasago there is mysterious objects standing beside the rock massive Ishino Houghton is a monolith semi finished product in other words a block that's remained in place since its production and which has clear signs that it has not yet been fully completed it's estimated to be at least 1500 years old the temple is built precisely near the megalith because it's believed holy and people have venerated it since ancient times the official version is that the rock was meant to be a tomb but there's no scientific information as to who built it nor what its true purpose is the mysterious cubed monument is dug out of the surrounding rock similar to the rock churches in Ethiopia the makers skillfully positioned the stone to appear as if it's actually hovering above the pool of water it stands in with the overall structure being situated in an old quarry it's known as one of the greatest enigmas of Japan's ancient history and is now worshipped as the god of ash eco Jinja shinto shrine although the structure of the top is concealed by pine trees it's thought that there may be two holes like Masada no ofu knee and Kengo Shizuka : some say that it's supposed to show a sky ship with a long-gone people coming down from heaven the stone is 5.6 meters high 6.5 meters wide and 7.5 meters deep with a weight of 500 tons this makes the stone larger than any of the stones used in the Great Pyramid of Giza the largest of which was 80 tons while the typical large base stones of that pyramid were six to ten tons there are no regular traces or drills or chisels on a Shino Houghton this surface character again raises questions about a certain type of mechanical tool that does not spoil but simply crushes or grinds the material even seeing the difference between the surfaces of Masuda IVA foon and Ishino Houghton it's quite possible that the same tool was used when machining both objects the stone monument was built from Heil a cast light stone which is a volcanic rock consisting of glassy large pieces contained in a fine-grained matrix dominated by glassy shards or smaller pieces something like this might lead us to speculate on a melting process with high technologies because of the enormous size alone it's safe to assume that it was built by a technologically developed civilization and with its overwhelming presence and its mystique it continues to fascinate people even today there are many strange sites in the Arabian Peninsula that might puzzle even the most well-traveled researcher one of them is al nas la rock formation this rock is split through the middle by a clean and straight crack which looks almost as if the rock was sliced with a laser it's located in tama Oasis Saudi Arabia archeologists have also discovered cuneiform inscriptions which are possibly dating from the 6th century BCE at the oasis city they show al NASA was a major trade route in antiquity and was once the dwelling place of a Babylonian king Navin itis it's referenced in both Assyrian and biblical sources as a trading post and is also known for abundant rock art made as much as 4,000 years ago just imagine walking around in the desert exploring the unknown and you come across a massive standing stone split in half by a perfect line what would be the first thing that jumps to your mind the rock was discovered in 1833 by Charles Hoover and it's been at the heart of many theories and controversy since then there have been numerous speculations to ascertain the reason and the method of the cut however the mystery of this megalith is still as shrouded as it was at the time of its discovery one of the vertical fields is flat almost like it's been cut by a modern device could it have been worked on at some point with some sort of precise ancient tool taking a closer look at this stone of al-nas 'la you cannot help but wonder what its true purpose was is the split in the rock really a result of the forces of nature as some experts suggest or is it possible that just as there are many other ancient places on earth dating back thousands of years featuring precision cuts this stone too was crafted by an unknown technology uniquely in each of the lower parts of the al-nas low stone it looks like a buffer as formed by rocks that are much smaller or similar to a shock absorber which prevents it from touching the ground this has made archeologists shake their heads and puzzlement and many continue to try to solve the mystery to this day today this part of the Saudi Arabian desert is still under investigation for archaeological remains of course the last question we should ask is how long the rocks will remain balanced before the advent of Islam Afghanistan was an important center of Buddhist teaching to find remnants of this Buddhist past what is to search extremely thoroughly the once rich excavation sites have turned to rubble after decades of neglect one of these remnants and lesser known curiosities of Afghanistan is the tucked eat Rustom monument in salmon gam province between Missouri Sharif and Kunduz in the north this stupa was named after Rustom the third the Persian ruler of the Bhavan dynasty unlike others this stupa has not been mounted above ground but it's been carved into the ground in a style that again resembles the monolithic churches of Ethiopia the dome-shaped structure of the highly polished limestone eight meters high and 28 meters across is encircled by a 2 meter wide passageway at its foot which was used by pilgrims for circumambulation history of the town is dated to the cushion dynasty reign during the 4th and 5th centuries it represents the earliest link to the evolution of Buddhist architecture in Afghanistan the monastery of the major Buddhist tradition the Theravada Buddhism has five chambers Jewish sanctuaries and one is a dome ceiling with an intricate lotus leaf beautification there are several caves at the base of the stupa above one of the case there's a square building with two conference halls one is 22 metres square and the other is circular in one of these caves archaeological excavations have revealed a cache of gas Naveed kynz one must ask how could buddhists have built this strange and mysterious building but if you do you probably won't find an answer there are very few records of how this place was constructed or how long it took to make historians have proposed two possible reasons why the stupa has been carved in the ground instead of being built above the ground one explanation is that it could have been done for the purpose of camouflage to protect the monastery from invaders another much more mundane explanation states that it simply been done to escape the excessive hot and cold climate extremes of Afghanistan some ancient astronaut researchers suggest that it can have connection to mysterious flying ships that visited earth 6000 years ago according to ancient Vedic texts they say stupas design-wise are much like flying ships Vimanas seen around the world is it possible that an ancient flying machine reportedly discovered in a cave in Afghanistan in 2012 could be one of these ancient flying vehicles query Gua is a remarkable place it's located in the southeastern border of the Maya lowlands in Guatemala what makes this place remarkable is the stelae and zoomorphs discovered by explorers John Lloyd Stephens and Frederick Catherwood who were the first to record and document the site in 1840 these intricate works of stone are the latest and best preserved of the Mayan world originally query WA was under the rule of the dynasty of the city of Copan now Honduras but in 738 ad the quarry gua dynasty managed to become independent and even subjugate the copán dynasty and that's when the city reached its peak most of the monumental constructions and the Acropolis as well as the Stella were erected during the following 60 years of reign of the new query Gua dynasty a dynasty that dominated the region of the copán river and the Madiga river these monoliths were carved out of sandstone by Mayan stonemasons who had no access to metal tools which is an amazing feat it's even more so when one considers the intricate design that cover them zoom RFP is the largest of the zoom or Foe at Quarry guaa and according to some it's the greatest Mesoamerican monument ever discovered weighing over 20 tons it stands 2 meters tall measures three and a half meters wide and three meters long it provides a surface area of about four hundred two meters or 1314 feet and every square centimeter is engraved with information you'll see zoom or FB marries two key principles firstly the king rests in the jaws of a mythical beast secondly he holds the manikins scepter and shield which is shown on many of the Stella one interpretation of this scene is that it's meant to be a reenactment of the creation of man Explorer male nicknamed it the great turtle it weighs around 20 tons the design of the zoo morph is incredibly intricate and the whole monument is covered with skillfully executed sculpture it's located in the ball court plaza just south of the ball court zoom or FP is accompanied by an altar depicting an unidentified deity leaping from a split in the earth a hieroglyph text on the zoo morph describes the founding of quarry Gua under the supervision of the king of copan traces of red pigment have been found on this monument suggesting that it was originally painted red John Lloyd Stephens and Frederick Catherwood x' books on queeg WA makes for some fascinating reading after they discovered the place they were followed by Alfred Maudsley in the 1880s and 90s who documented the site through his excellent photographic methods Silvanus Morley started systematic excavations in the early 1900s excavation and consolidation continued in the 1970s and 80s puma punku-- is part of a wider temple complex found in the ancient city of Tijuana coupe in western Bolivia both are viewed as the most mysterious archaeological sites in all of South America situated 3,800 meters above sea level Tijuana coupe predates the ancient Inca civilization of pre-columbian South America there's no written record of the ancient city prior to Inca settlement with the Incas believing to be a holy site where their deity of creation Viracocha started life with the various ethnicities of human being created here before moving out into the wider world puma punku-- the door of the puma is one of many examples of the incredible masonry work found throughout Tiahuanaco it and many other structures were created with startling precision that predates the technology and methods available at the time with doorways stone blocks smoothly drilled holes an irrigation system and other complex examples of stonework found throughout the site the blocks used to create perfectly interlock and look like they were manufactured using modern machinery a huge stone Terrace and walls would feature massive blocks that interlock with each other with the finest precision they form load-bearing joints and no mortar was used when building the site the precision needed to make these cuts into huge stone blocks has given birth to many theories about the origins of puma punku and tiahuanaco many theorized that an advanced ancient civilization predating the Incas were responsible and had technologies well beyond a civilization for a much later period we know Incas didn't have the capabilities to pull off such feats of engineering how could a civilization that predates them by hundreds of years do so according to engineers one of the largest single stones ever to be moved and put into building anywhere on earth about 400 tons was transported to Tiahuanaco from a quarry over 200 miles away this feed is more incredible when one realizes the route of transport was through a mountain range up to 15,000 feet they've amazed countless travelers such as the Spanish chronicler Pedro Cieza de Lyon who observed that some of these stones are very worn and washed and there are others so large that one wonders how human hands could have brought them to where they now stand when one considers the work I cannot understand or fathom what kind of instruments or tools were used to work them for it's evident that before these huge stones were dressed and brought to perfection they must have been much larger to have been left as we see them I would say that I consider this the oldest antiquity in all of Peru other stones at puma punku contain inexplicable grooves and niches some researchers have speculated they may have used metal clamps to create these clamps the construction workers would have had to deploy a portable furnace to pour the mold liquid metal into the grooves any delay could solidify the metal beating the purpose of melting it therefore evidently the constructors of puma punku-- not only were well versed with these science of metal making but also they were advanced enough that they could create a portable furnace device to achieve the technique of clamping here we see stone pillars with meticulously carved grooves in them the precision and accuracy with which these grooves have been created is incredible given the time what's more remarkable is that they show signs of tooling and machining it's been speculated that only diamond tip tools could have cut through the unforgiving diorite however that subject also has much debate how such massive stone blocks were carried to the site is a topic of debate and welsh giants seems to be a wilder theory it's certainly one that carries some weight when considering how the creators of this place managed to move these huge blocks this would involve carrying stone blocks weighing several dozen tons many miles and up a steep mountain incline the mainstream theory is that a labour force from the ancient settlers of Tiahuanaco completed the task but what techniques they could have used remains hotly disputed given the complex route to the site the largest stone blocks used in puma punku-- are around seven point eight meters long five metres wide and roughly a metre thick with an average weight estimated to be 131 tonnes the site is two miles above sea level there's no evidence of the wheel and Tijuana canned culture and there are no trees in the area to use as rollers the feat of moving the stones for 10 miles let alone 90 would be an incredible achievement interestingly the age of the site has also been hotly debated over the years after its original discovery by Explorer Arthur posnansky the site was dated to around 15,000 BC he based this finding on the astronomical alignment of the main temple which acts as a sort of sundial based on the sun's positioning during his time there the Sun rise didn't follow the alignment of the temple's cornerstone as expected leading him to calculate that the Sun rise would follow the proper alignment 17,000 years prior however modern radiocarbon dating places it as much more recent construction sometime around AD 600 although many cite these findings as inaccurate and unreliable tiahuanaco seems to have faced a sudden catastrophic end in the layers of rock that date to the same time now extinct species of plants and animals can be found mixed in with humans skeletal remains everything seems to be jumbled together as if a tidal wave or some other event caused major changes on the Earth's surface including the life that inhabited it this gives credence to the theory that a global flood found throughout mythology did occur Ont tombow is a town found 72 kilometres from the city of Cusco Peru that as a prominent archaeological site with some incredible megalithic structures situated 2792 metres above sea level it's the starting point of the historical sacred valley a prominent tourist route that leads to Peru's famous Inca archaeological sites including Machu Picchu Pesek chinchero and olanta tombow itself this ancient marvel of engineering is believed to have been built around 1440 AD by Inca Emperor Pachacuti however many researchers believe that this ancient site dates back much further in time than we can imagine there are many noteworthy structures in olanta tombow including the temple Hill made from huge stone blocks that way some 50 tons the heaviest are thought to weigh as much as a hundred 50 tons they were placed with such precision using a cut and fit method that no mortar was needed a common fixture of architecture in Peru modern technology can't even lift some of the stones let alone position them such that a human hair cannot fit through clearly the techniques used to produce these features has been lost to modern science yet it's evident of how advanced ancient peoples were soft stones could also explain the precision fit the stones would settle by their own weight and the weight of the ones on top thereby squeezing into any gaps the protrusions could be formed by making marks in the support structure that would be necessary to prevent uncontrolled movement of the material at the outer face of the wall amazingly the stones used for this megalithic structure are thought to be quarried from a mountaintop quarry about seven miles from olanta tombow this means that the stones would need to be lowered down a steep portion of the mountain or transported over river canyon with near vertical rock walls this method would then require the blocks to be lifted back up another portion of the mountain to the site of the town given the technological limitations of the time a remarkable achievement if true advocates of such push and shove technique point out that the remains of a ramp to exist leading up to the hillside and that furthermore numerous stones these so-called tired stones which never made it to the top can be seen lying at the foot of the ramp unfortunately this evidence only explains the stones that did not get up to the ramp it tells us nothing about the stones which we see at the top of the hill it's not beyond the realms of possibility that the megalithic structures already existed in Inca times and that the ramp and tired stones represent the efforts of the Incas to emulate what they saw how is it possible that the massive stone walls display fascinating similarities to ancient walls found halfway around the globe in Egypt does this mean that ancient cultures shared the same building techniques does this mean that ancient cultures around the globe had access to some sort of advanced ancient technology that's been lost since then the wall of the six monoliths is the main highlight of the temple Hill area which is an unfinished building made from six massive stone blocks it's one of the most iconic and baffling pieces of architecture yet to be discovered standing approximately 36 feet wide and 14-feet high the wall is one of the great mysteries of the Andes it consists of six massive andesite monoliths which are curiously divided by small strips which seemed to serve little purpose other than to add a modern riveted steel effect to this ancient wall the rocks are all masterfully crafted to leave not even a paper-thin crack between them we can easily see where they were carved from the rock face on the other side of the valley several questions arise from even a cursory examination though the cut marks are perfectly square you would think that the stone would be knocked out of the rock face and then squared that's how modern stone cutters would do it not so here it almost looks as if the rock was scraped off the mountain face secondly the surface of the cuts is glassy smooth not rough the way you'd expect saw nor chiseled surfaces to be also why did they cut the rocks from a place that are sometimes up to 130 feet above the floor of the valley it would be akin to taking an incredibly difficult job and making it 100 times harder just for the fun of it there is one interesting theory and that is levitation unfortunately science has still not been able to figure out how to levitate large heavier objects yet history suggests the ancient civilizations might have already cracked the secret in their building of the pyramids and other megalithic monuments did they have some advanced form of sound levitation to move thousand ton stones a task that present-day builders admit would be difficult even with the use of modern cranes another interesting fine lay on the bottom from where these rocks were cut out of we find strange but precise crisscross patterns the pattern that we see appears to be a trace left by some kind of machinery that was left behind at the time these slabs were being removed possibly these marks could have been created by some kind of laser or saw machine so guess this could be one of the most clear pieces of evidence that the ancients did in fact use some sort of advanced technology at the time they were cutting removing and shaping these incredible rocks there are also several unused stone blocks scattered around the area that show most of the temple Hill Center was incomplete when the town was abandoned other blocks look to have been removed from the walls in the area too suggesting that a major reconstruction project may have begun at some point further afield from the town are several storehouses built for the farmers working along the winding terraces that surround ollantaytambo there's also a road that the Incas built that connected ollantaytambo to machu picchu and pisaq which is used today for the many tourists trekking through Peru's most famous Inca sites is this evidence of an advanced now lost worldwide civilization that spread throughout the world and allowed its mystery builders to cut with laser-like precision intricately carved and transport massive rocks weighing over hundreds of tons and wait is this evidence of an ancient alien civilization that came to earth many thousands of years ago and helped mankind evolved or is it simply the ingenuity of mankind ancient advanced stonework and extreme machining in ancient Egypt the purpose in presenting the notion of ancient advanced xtreme machining in ancient Egyptian culture is simple they had such a sophisticated stone technology beyond our own the evidence presented here will leave you absolutely baffled beyond belief there are so many numerous examples we can only hope the scientific process in uncovering the work of the engineering geniuses becomes enhanced however Egyptology is no fan of attributing any advanced skills to the ancient master masons they still sell us this method to achieve advanced results like this the tides of injustice are slowly turning as global tourism and sophisticated cameras are commonplace now we have hard evidence of pre-dynastic stone turning possible lathe work tubular drilling at advanced speeds marks left behind by what can only be perceived as use of circular stone saws mechanical methods of engraving lines and hard Stone's as far back as the 4th dynasty ancient machining techniques comparable to today's CNC routing except done in hard pink Granite's the ancient Egypt masons shaped all kinds of stone with intricate mastery they were adept with the use of a wide variety of manufacturing tools various building stones tube drills capable of hard material straight cutting saws circular cutting saws lathes and smoothing techniques for polishing it's the marks left in the stone by these multitude of tools which are the reliable source of evidence of advanced xtreme machining in the ancient world there are no surviving examples of the tools utilized there are no written or pictorial records discovered which mention or describe their use after all we barely do this today why should they in ancient times they're serious debate about the nature of the tools and their advanced techniques in the historical framework the marks left in stone are a beacon of curiosity and intrigue to engineers who work these materials today Egyptology couldn't care less how they did anything unless they feel the need to show some guide pounding a rock and solve the enigmas of all Egyptian building work in an instant modern experts are baffled with their machining techniques and it's these individuals we must listen to if we want to answer conclusively the key questions what were the cutting tool tips made of what was their abrasive how are the tools manufactured what machinery was used to control the cutting surface on the stone how did they apply the tool pressure why were their tolerance standards of precision so high engineers and architects are completely puzzled and rigorously debate pointing to monuments and artifacts though no scientific proof exists for any of their theories unless the tools are present look at an ocean cruiser it doesn't take a sophisticated debate to know tools industry and manufacturing of a high level was used to create it why does Egyptology portray such ignorance on the issue then because the revelations bear directly on the developmental history in subsequent chronology of the pre-dynastic Egyptian cultures followed by the early dynastic period ancient house wares discovered by Flinders Petrie show undeniable proof of being turned on a lathe there are various examples in the Cairo Museum the Petrie Museum in UCL London and various other museums around the world some of the best examples of stoneware were discovered around the Step Pyramid at Saqqara Petrie also discovered pieces of interesting stoneware on the Giza Plateau there are incredible aspects about these vases plates and bowls that speak of highly advanced engineering techniques they portray the distinctive toolmarks belonging to lathes manufactured items this is easily visible in the center of the Bulls or plates where the angle of the cut changes rapidly the stone where in question is left with a very clean narrow and almost perfectly circular line made a clear indication of the tip of the cutting tool these stoneware masterpieces comprising of dishes platters are some of the finest ever found and they're right there from the earliest period of ancient Egyptian civilization they're made from a variety of materials seemingly the choice of material to be cut was irrelevant as they went from soft alabaster all the way up the hardness scale to extremely hard granite working with alabaster is relatively easy at least compared to granite alabaster can be worked with primitive abrasives and tools these sophisticated workings in granite are an entirely different matter and indicate a level of skill we're not aware of today and can only be considered advanced technology Flinders Petrie was quoted on this issue saying the lathe appears to have been as familiar an instrument in the 4th dynasty as it is in the modern workshops stonework as sophisticated as these examples are not found in any later era leaving many to think the skill was lost or that they were heirlooms from a different epochs or culture there's also the case of delicate vases being made of very brittle schist somewhat like a Flint and yet they're polished finished and turned to flawless thin edges an incredible feat of engineering and craftsmanship many bowls are turned and hollowed out with thin necks and have a symmetrical wall thickness without any noticeable errors let us not understate that these items were made by an ancient machinist to produce this in clay would be outstanding to see it in granite is simply incredible there are many pieces turned out of granite Porfiry or basalt all fully hollowed with decorative narrow undercut openings the most remarkable of these have long necks the fact remains we cannot replicate these artifacts today with techniques crafts or machinery but before we feel any ineptitude of craftsmanship Egyptology comes to the rescue with copper chisels and stone pounders the Tri lobed schist disk of Sabu is a complete mystery and masterpiece some twenty four inches in diameter bizarre structure with extremely thin pieces turned out of schist the large plate has a central hub some three inches in diameter the outside rim which in three areas spaced evenly around the perimeter is flared towards the central hub if there was ever a case for advanced ancient stone working this is it it's made from a very fragile material called Metis silt stone bending this material without fracturing it would be hard even for modern technology according to some scientists the sebou disc raises important questions about our view of history what was the purpose of this mysterious disk why on earth would ancient Egyptians create such an intricate object five thousand years ago people were not supposed to possess the necessary tools to work material like this why would agent Egyptians go to all this effort to create the disk if it didn't have a specific purpose the Saboo disk is the subject of wild speculations as a result from everything involving rotating energy to acoustic knowledge there were not just a few of these stoneware items apparently there were thousands discovered around the Step Pyramid the Step Pyramid is considered the oldest stone pyramid in Egypt although Petrie found some fragments of similar bowls at Giza the majority have been found at the Step Pyramid at least in quantity many of them have inscribed actually scratched onto them the symbols of the very earliest kings of Egypt from the time before the Pharaohs the primitive skill of the inscriptions provokes many to think those were not made by the same craftsman who created the Bulls in the first place perhaps they were added later by those who acquired them as heirlooms is highly plausible who made these objects why how where and when what happened to the master craftsman the advanced tubular drilling techniques WM Flinders Petrie is by far an essential reading source on anything to do with tubular drilling in ancient Egypt after all he picked up the pieces the drill cores and the fragments that nobody else seen the valuing in 1883 he wrote the following words these tubular drills Varian thickness from a quarter inch to five inches in diameter and from one thirtieth to one-fifth inch thick the smallest hole yet found in granite is two inch diameter there is a still larger example where a platform of limestone rock has been dressed down by cutting it away with two drills about eighteen inches in diameter the circular grooves occasionally intersecting prove that it was done merely to remove the rock tube drilling was commonplace in Egypt a wonderful pristine example of which is displayed in the Cairo Museum with zero information or provenance clearly the spiral grooves are visible not only are the spiral grooves of regular depth but equally spaced all over the specimen where the cores overlap the consistency is perfect this can only be attained by jeweled points set into drills which was Petrie's conclusion over 100 years ago the enigma has raged since then the most famous example of tube drilling by the ancient builders is the sarcophagus in the King's Chamber of the Great Pyramid a tube drill mark was left on the top inside of the box with some extra polishing to cover it up if you go to the King's Chamber you can still see it if you examine the box looking at the radius of the cut in the King's Chamber box less than two inches it's rather obvious that in this one piece alone the Masons made thousands of holes several inches deep the experts who did this had mastered completely the principles of drilling in any material soft or hard wood stone or metal and could have drilled virtually any naturally occurring material on this planet things get interesting when we find holes drilled in granite and we even have some of the drill core remnants this can be seen in the overhead door lintels of the granite lined valley temple near the sphinx and at abu gurram most of the doorways of the temples still show evidence of tube drilling one way or another perhaps the holes were used to place long vertical rotating shafts on which the doors were hung somewhat like hinges there's a primitive version of tube drilling that can be achieved with a bamboo drill bit a bow saw and sand however achieving this method in granite is certainly not easy by any standards tube drilling is a highly specialized method that just wouldn't develop without the need for a large hole these holes are the evidence of a highly advanced technology and certainly not developed for just this one purpose but for many easier purposes generations of development over many projects over hundreds of years when you get this far in the psychology of our ancient builders you further realize none of this happened without mining and metallurgy mik manufacturing generations of experience with grinding materials rotational manufacturing techniques the wheel and all that goes with it what was the dedication or motivation for this developmental procedure and is there an archaeological record in pre-dynastic and Old Kingdom Egypt pertaining to advanced ancient stone cutting techniques black basalt saw marks on the Giza Plateau and the King's Chamber there are black basalt paving stones on the east side of the Great Pyramid at Giza most people walk over them never realizing them probably busy looking up at the Great Pyramid these basalt pavers are irregular in thickness and often rounded on the bottom side they were placed on top of blocks of limestone which had previously been fitted to the underbelly bedrock amazingly the basalt blocks were cut to level in situ in place on the ground the edges are so crisp and parallel the quality of this work indicates that the blade was held completely steady apparently cutting basalt was not so slow and arduous that extra cuts like these would have been avoided as being an unnecessary waste of time there are several places where over cuts like these can be seen they show no trace of the wobbling cuts that might be expected of a long hand pulled blade as it starts into hard material that may be because these cuts were made as the blade was coming out of a cut above it and it was held firmly in place by the rock above it we know that the stone box in the King's Chamber of the Great Pyramid was cut with a very large saw one which was longer than the box perhaps ten feet the marks on the bottom of the box were discovered and described by Flinders Petrie he also described an error in cutting that went off the mark before the workers noticed to back out the saw from the cut and start over these questions could perhaps be answered if microscopic examinations of the cut marks by contemporary specialists and manufacturing technology could analyze it the works of William Flinders Petrie pioneered this research in the 1880s Petrie in Egypt particularly he showed there was an order or protocol for creating artifacts that involve the use of simple geometries and such as simple radius overall radii are combined to create a shape where one radius would lead to another radius that would then be tangent with a flat surface and you find that at Giza near the pyramids and also other places around Egypt there are so many remarkable artifacts that really have not received that much attention in conventional literature and the simple methods that are described by Egyptologist don't really answer the question of how these artifacts were created because it's not just a matter of describing a tool and how you actually remove material from a block of granite but also a range of instruments that would have been necessary to ensure that the measurements are consistent throughout the creation of those artifacts the tools to measure are equally important as those used to cut drill and polish those tools don't exist in the archaeological record nor have they been even suggested in the conventional literature that they did exist so it's an open question right now and it's certainly opened for study by Egyptologist or universities who would care or dare to take up the challenge and that challenge is to be able to come up with methods that would explain these artifacts in a way that modern engineers would understand and believe unfortunately in the past this has not taken place we've not been directed or shown by people in Egyptology or in academia we haven't been shown any methods that will adequately explain the creation of these artifacts for example perfectly flat surfaces that you find on the igneous rock or the granite and basalt diorite artifacts that occur all over Egypt you'll find a very large block in the valley temple near the Sphinx at Giza there's one wall where there is a diorite block that shows a high order of precision being extremely flat comparative measurements using a very precise straightedge show precision to 1/10 the thickness of a human hair well this is extremely precise you also find those kind of services in the Great Pyramid and the granite box in the Great Pyramid also the second pyramid there are numerous very large what they call sarcophagi in the Sarabia and these sarcophagi are supposedly built to bury bulls but the precision and the size of these boxes that seem to indicate a much higher purpose one that would serve a technological purpose rather than just for a funeral because on the inside of the boxes you not only find very precise flat surfaces but also the corners where one service meets another are extremely square also the wall of the inside of the box where it meets the lid is extremely square the fact that these artifacts and work materials exist has not been adequately explained in the literature we're trying to understand to really come to grips with Egyptology isn't trying to come to grips with anything even how we will create these artifacts today because it would really stretch our capabilities to make these artifacts particularly the ones in the sarah pam but these are fairly simple geometries we go from the simple to the complex and then it becomes a little more difficult to explain because not only a flat surface is fairly simple to understand in terms of how you would grind a surface flat now when we move to more complex surfaces we find that there are objects that have curved surfaces or radii and gathering the information about those I've tried to determine how they were created and gathering the information about those I've tried to determine how they were created but before you can actually do that you have to determine exactly what it is that you're looking at and that you can't do that without taking measurements so taking measurements of those artifacts when you have complex compound surfaces and compound radii that flow from one to the other and also they seem to follow a general direction or the contours are maybe cut and then that contour flows along a straight line and that straight line on an axis is very precise - almost as though it would be made on a machine and that of course is a very controversial suggestion in today's world you have to consider that because the two created any other way it would be enormous ly difficult and certainly for an artifact that's supposed to be part of a construction it wouldn't require that much of that high precision if it was just for our construction purposes if it was made by hand it would take an enormous amount of time for you to create that precision and it wouldn't be necessary anyway those are the kind of questions that need to be asked when we look at these artifacts it's a question of what tools would have been used to create it and when we ask those questions we tend to lean more towards the fact that the machines or the tools that they were using to create them were capable of no lesser precision and what appears in the piece flinders petrie was very outspoken on these issues over a century ago stating the methods employed by the Egyptians and cutting the hard Stone's which they so frequently worked have long remained undetermined various suggestions have been made some very impractical but no actual proof so the tools employed or the manner of using them have been obtained amazingly he recognized the immense importance by today's standards all the way back then he gave detailed analysis of engineering enigma the typical method of working hard stones such as granite diorite basalt etc was by means of bronze tools these were set with cutting points far harder than the quartz which was operated on the material of these cutting points is yet undetermined but only five substances are possible Beryl topes kreisel Beryl corundum or sapphire and diamond the character of the work would certainly seem to point to diamond as being the cutting jewel and only the considerations of its rarity in general interfere with this conclusion in Memphis there's an open-air museum there with a statue of Ramses which is lying on its back one of the things that's looking down the length of the Ramses statue the face seems to be extraordinarily regular and precise and particularly the nostrils being identical on both sides which is unusual to find somebody or some person with their identical nostrils the ancient Egyptians were being very precise and symmetrical in the creation of their statues in the Luxor Temple the head of Ramses on his statue is so perfect looking how could anyone not find this puzzling the famous author and manufacturing engineer Christopher Dunn who's done so much to bring these enigmas to light has shown the complexities of this engineering prowess the symmetry in the Ramses face is very remarkable precision overlaying 2d transparent photos shows this amazing feat of Engineering when you realize it's three dimensionally symmetric it becomes mind-boggling at that point Christopher Dunn is by far one of the most prominent experts on this entire issue the level of sophistication that the ancient Egyptians had used in creating these statues is simply incredible the Ramses statue in Scituate the temple of Luxor is not a rogue example reportedly over a hundred Ramzi statues were created another famous one is in the British Museum and it's in the exact same condition of precision and symmetry the interesting thing about the British Museum statue of Ramses we see that there was a mistake in the manufacture of that statue where there was a dig in the corner of the mouth where the tool had cut too deep and then in order to compensate for that they had to cut the lips deeper into the face which created a very sharp cusp human hands really didn't have much control over because they did not have to do those mistakes by hand again we return to Flinders Petrie 'z analysis for insight many nations are in the habit of cutting hard materials by means of a soft substance as copper wood horn etcetera with a hard powder applied to it the powder sticks in the basis employed and this being scraped over the stone to be caught so it wears away many persons have therefore very readily assumed as I myself did at first that this method must necessarily have been used by the Egyptians and that it would suffice to produce all the examples now collected such however is far from being the case though no doubt in alabaster in other soft stones this method was employed let us take a moment to recap what we do know what we can ascertain or accept from what we know they had tube trills with drill bits and the necessary machinery to hold them in place and apply rotational torque they had saws that could cut granite with ease and precision producing amazing symmetry they have the ability to work the hardest of rocks and more often preferred to do so in addition they applied their techniques finishing granite in situ after a block had been placed in a wall or on the surface of a pyramid which literally boggles the mind they had the ability to cut level and polish granite to a sophisticated degree of perfection then lathe machinery that would turn and polish granite schist basalt etc in ways we've not duplicated in our modern society they cut extremely accurate parallel limestone joints with such a remarkable flatness over huge surface areas some 35 square feet or more a technique they've mastered before creating the casing of the Great Pyramid at Giza they have the knowledge and technology to repeatedly lift maneuver and delicately place enormous weights of stone at various Heights they had the motivation and means to quarry and move millions of stone blocks they had the administrative skill to foresee multi-generational works all that they require for a very long planning and project continuity whilst maintaining the commitment of many generations of craftsmen from apprenticeship through retirement of the workforce putting it this way the pyramid builders of ancient Egypt have achieved the implementation of the largest most ambitious and vast long-term engineering construction program in the history of mankind by a long shot Flinders Petrie never could satisfy his curiosity over the working of quartz saying that the Egyptians were acquainted with a cutting jewel far harder than quartz and that they used this jewel as a sharp pointed graver is put beyond doubt by the diorite bulls with inscriptions of the fourth dynasty of which I found fragments at Giza as well as the scratches on polished granite of Ptolemaic age at San the hieroglyphs are incised with a very free cutting point they're not scraped or ground out but are plowed through the diorite with rough edges to the line as the lines are only one 150th of an inch wide the figures being about point two long it's evidence that the cutting point must have been much harder than quartz and tough enough not to splinter when so fine an edge was being employed probably only one two hundredths of an inch wide parallel lines are graved only one thirtieth of an inch apart from the center to center then dara temple provides the same baffling discoveries with respect to ancient stone cutting techniques and advanced machining in the ancient world just like the Luxor Temple the consistency and repetition and geometries in the Dendera temple are revealed when we study the apostle Hall this impressive structure as you can enter the temple contains 24 columns each about 90 meters high and they have a Capitol on the top which is four-sided Capitol with four phases of the goddess Hathor the Capitol columns in this apostle Hall are all in alignment with each other in a very surprising and precise way when we look at the geometric features of the Capitals even the ears of hathor seem to be in alignment there are many complex geometric elements at play with various overlapping ellipses and this repeats on each face of the four-sided columns - imagine constructing this hallway with all these columns and capitals when we consider that the height to which these capitals were placed and the potential for air and communication of error how were they able to precisely align each of those features also what we find is that the Capitals are not in one piece they were made in several pieces and the builders were able to detect the split lines we're able to determine where those split lines were then very precisely put it all together the whole temple was manufactured very precisely before being erected and put into place for assembly Egyptologists profess at least on-site at dandera anyhow - how this remarkable complex feat was achieved as laughable as the following theory is it's perpetrated repeatedly with zero knowledge of manufacturing procedures and blatant disregard for the evidence in front of them allegedly the builders brought up rough blocks in mud ramps placing the blocks on top of one another and then starting at the top and shipping the material away removing the sand or mud as they got lower and lower and lower basically finishing their work on the way down what that evidence really shows you is that is not the case everything was made perfectly well by hand and then assembled considering the extraordinary amount of work that went into creating than did there a temple it's hard to imagine the preposterous scenario where primitive tools created such a marvelous wonder of craftsmanship one of the biggest mysteries in Egyptology is if the text books on what tools were employed by the ancient Egyptians in the thousands of years that the ancient Egyptian civilization existed some 3,000 years you can follow the development of tools from the beginning of that civilization to the end and we start out using copper chisels stone balls stone chisels wood and then three thousand years later we're using the same thing yet if you look at the extraordinary sophistication and genius of the ancient Egyptian artifacts and temples to think that those engineers were still not advanced in their stone tools in thousands of years or did not improve their techniques it's counterintuitive to even consider it all we must ask the question where the tools are we know that they existed and that we just haven't found them yet we know that they add engineers we know that they had craftsmen we can't deny that and engineers don't just function that way they'll make improvements to their processes in any generation in any part of you that have people with engineering lines they'll continually improve their tools sometimes very rapidly but certainly over a three thousand year period producing the level of work they did something is obviously missing there's an ancient mystery that resides on this planet so unique that it stands out amongst all the other mysteries bizarre vitrified ancient ruins and stones melted and molded rocks perfectly fitting with no known technology of how this was done it's no secret that many rocks have an unusual look in cusco and the surrounding temples everyone else visits has their own theory of how it was done because there's no known method of how it was done it's like anything goes every possible theory has been concocted because of the impossible stonework the beyond difficult engineering and yet to do be replicated in modern time if it is they were softened at some point and have been molded into their present form and shape in many cases they have a mirrored finish with a strong reflection mimicking metal or glass there are many ancient ruins and artifacts around the world that have worked stones with advanced machining techniques but what we see in Peru is stones that were affected with a high heat or vitrification process it's as baffling as it gets these ancient sacred temples of Peru and Bolivia exhibit stonework with an appearance of being cut like butter Engineers admit this archaeology ignores it and nothing's ever solved the appearance is what we're left with there are often two styles at so-called Inca temples many refer to them as inca stonework and pre inca stonework as clearly there are two different designers two different styles and two different appearances often we see the two different styles side by side the cave of napa iglesia or Chowk Wikia is a perfect example of this we see crude work alongside incredible feats of stonework where mike typically the impeccable stonework is featured as an altar of some sort there's another style of the perfect fitting stones walls where not even a needlepoint can be inserted between the stone blocks they can be found in multi angled poly agonal sided blocks of incredible sizes but the general characteristic is always the impossible perfect fit this is what leaves the majority to conclude that they must have been soft at one point these stones often exhibit a section that's vitrified which is at the borders sometimes we recognize vitrification on the surface layer Orthodox science provides nothing there are zero convincing explanations on any method of construction to the trained eye engineers and stonemasons stipulate the molding and vitrification are obvious once you know you're looking for still Orthodox science has mundane ridiculously impractical explanations pioneering researcher Alfredo Gemara who proposed the theory of the softening the stone molding and subsequent vitrification was out of his time everyone agrees at least the rational people that the builders had some unusual special technique to reach these outlandish astonishing results what's the evidence of a special technique being utilized well firstly we see rocks melted physical evidence with no known technique for achieving the high heat we often see a mirrored finish on the stones sometimes like a reflection or smooth to touch like polish whenever we see vitrification is visible we sometimes see it as a layer over the stone whereby it's flaked or something is interrupted the process when we discover surfaces that are completely smooth to touch in all cases it would have been extremely difficult to polish this undulating original surface the enormous scale and the repetitive techniques put this type of construction technique almost on an industrial scale time to achieve this level of precision by carving and polishing doesn't enter common sense even the stones exhibit magnetic properties showing more physical evidence there's also examples of discoloration another sign the rocks were treated metal clamps and t-shaped grooves is another anomaly that comes up inserting metal clamps through a process of a mobile smelter thus pouring into the adjoining tea grooves on a joint is incredibly technical and begs to be explained why author Maurice Conroe believes they were electrically sealing the joints and shows that many of these joints occur on crystalline content stonework joints the use of metal clamps and tea grooves happening into Monaco olanta Tombo coricancha and the sight of you rock Rumi vilcabamba examples are also known in Egypt the grooves appear to be sealed for to the colossal blocks of the structure puma punku and tiahuanaco exhibits several grooves which can still be observed there is wild debate over the metal composition of these clamps whether it's from a very special alloy others say it's of a composition that's perfectly normal for Tijuana co-inhabitants why on earth would the builders use or need a small metal clamp to hold large stone blocks in place physically there'd be no need symbolically maybe electrically the t groove in ollantaytambo when observed not only shows a bigger part of the stone as vitrified but part of the groove as well author maurice contrl may be the one to crack this mystery wide open writing many scholars believe the straps were melted locally and then poured into the grooves and the stones causing microscopic marks embedded in the straps can be seen to imitate corollary marks found in the stone if the straps have been ported Ciccio then the surface of each strap would be expected to be slightly convex due to influence of surface tension experienced in the casting process secondly these straps themselves would have adopted a cast line caused by the crack between the stone blocks but the stones did not feature such a mark a closer look at one of the block shows a discolored outer layer of stone it's thought the surface of the stone has been somehow softened and later hardened permitting the introduction of the ready formed copper strip this would explain away the flat top nature of the straps and the absence of the interblock cast line so what does this all mean the clamps would have been inserted whilst the stones were in a soft state and the clamps would have already been hard the vitrified examples under study come from famous Peruvian and Bolivian sites in South America without testing the debate is open to claims of unusual polishing techniques natural degradation lava flows and many other on explanations the analysis at Tiahuanaco and Pumapunku really sets the precedent on some of these ideas Tijuana Co a region of Peru that holds many remnants of ancient civilizations demonstrates some of the most unique and amazingly precise examples of stonework in the world the ancient people who created these walls and buildings used such a high degree of mathematical expertise that the workmanship is astounding even to modern-day people they marvel at how these stone cutters from long ago created it with simple hand tools but was it done by hand that's the question the high plains of Peru and Bolivia and the Andes Mountains holds a wealth of historical sites each one more amazing than the next scholars and archaeologists had only seen the same type of masonry in ancient Egypt before this although some historians call this Inca architecture this later time period civilization had little to do with creating these fantastic structures the Incas dominated this area from approximately the 13th to 14th century CE II up until the time of the Spanish explorers conquest of the region indeed they built some magnificent structures but the ones most interesting for their precision and longevity came from even older groups some of these empires were called the wari and Tawana qu they existed hundreds or even thousands of years before the Inca came to power multiple historians who specialized in architectural studies have dedicated a lot of time and knowledge to figuring out how ancient groups of people who did not use advanced tools or even the wheel could create such structures the most advanced chisels and hammers of the time would have been created from copper stone and wood with these simple hand tools people dug granite andesite and pour fiery out of quarries after transporting them to their final locations they then carved them with smooth precision so they would fit together almost seamlessly what techniques could these ancient experts to make such flat and smooth surfaces exact angles and joints that would not allow a single blade of grass to squeeze between historians can only guess about some of the methods that allowed for such unique stone cutting and building styles besides the building details that still give modern people pause another incredibly distinctive trait of megalithic structures found in the andean plateaus is the vitrification of some of the stones although vitrified means to essentially transform something into glass the stones themselves are not chemically altered instead they're somehow changed to have an exceptionally smooth shiny and reflective surface it allows for a high degree of light reflection that's not usual in granite or anta site now it's possible to use modern tools and polish the stone so that it reflects light and even figures most successfully ancient people did use abrasives and sand or powdered rock from quartz and other materials to polish decorative stones as well however none of these methods would be able to produce vitrified Rock as successfully as these ancient people did not only was the surface highly reflective it was altered in an outer layer that could not be explained by any conventional means the other evidence for the vitrification of Andean stonework in some architectural sites includes textural changes and even color changes from the original rock type seen in other parts of the construction project also people who studied these vitrified stones more closely discovered evidence of softening or melting in order to facilitate the transformation to a reflected surface they found odd changes in magnetic properties identified with compasses and other tools there's no true explanation why this would occur or what it would do for the vitrification process if the large stone would they've vitrified surface was attached to others with metal clamps for joining purposes these sockets also showed signs that they were vitrified in some way the completeness of the process has surely led to unique speculation and the need for more investigation to figure out how it occurred in those relatively primitive days archeologists have discovered multiple instances of the vitrification differences throughout various ancient megalithic sites in Peru the following examples are just some that are more intriguing and raise considerable questions for those who study these types of stonework anomalies within cusco the Incan capital a certain temple called the enclosure of gold or coricancha was constructed out of large neat blocks of hard stone used most frequently in the area these Imperial style structures demonstrate the fine stonework abilities of the ancient architects and builders today Santa Domingo church and convent lies on top of the ruins which makes studying them a bit more difficult not to mention the distasteful imposing structure on the cultural heritage what historians have gleaned from their studies shows some evidence that the Incan temple predates their empire by quite a bit as we outlined the Tiahuanaco architecture for example frequently used T grooves with metal clamps to attach one stone to another however the Incan did not use this method in their later buildings other details point to the wari as being responsible for some or all of the construction scholars often notice astronomical alignments more often used by those earlier groups the enclosure of gold temple contains the central courtyard surrounding walls multiple terraces and many interior rooms used for a variety of reasons it would have originally sat on the banks of the white thani River which has changed over the years to a much smaller stream the temple is edged by a curved wall that seems to have been used for astronomy and the study of the Stars it may also have had significant use during Sun worship for ceremonies this wall shows an excellent example of vitrification of the granite and other stones used here some of the evidence of heating or compositional changes are not present but the stones do reflect light almost as effectively as a mirror besides its reflective nature the coricancha outer wall clearly demonstrates the season of stone joinery practiced by these ancient civilizations nearly no space or indentation exists between the stones even the joints themselves that run parallel to the ground show signs of vitrification they are also amazingly straight level and even spaced the vertical joints do not follow the same precise paths or rules as the horizontal ones still the pink and gray granite stone is obviously fitted together with a high degree of skill and care upon closer inspection the straight horizontal joints running throughout the entire wall has an even more exact and purposeful shape to them every stone base is not straight instead the bottom of one is curved out slightly to fit exactly into the inward curve of the block below it while these shapes are relatively minut they're obviously not a mistake due to their precise nature the intention of the stonemasons seems to focus on making a very strong wall where the stones would lock in place rather than simply rest on top of one another still despite the regular curves each juncture has no gaps or errors no doubts exist in the architectural historians mind that these stones that make up this temple wall were not fitted haphazardly or without exceptional degrees of skill and care the stone cutters or builders who constructed the temple must have spent a lot of time achieving these perfect locking fits the understanding of construction strength that let these ancient people to create the curved edges that lock together is considerable their wall was able to withstand earthquakes for example much more effectively than a wall with perfectly straight stone edges wood and a knee considerable skill the fact that the joints show signs of vitrification and even more questions arise about how the people before the Inka could have such a high degree of knowledge and skill when it came to building with stones any archaeologists studying the site must only has a flashlight across the seams in the evenings or nights to see the reflective surfaces and joints whatever process they used the end result was a much stronger bond of the joints than if the vitrification did not occur the vitrified services do not only show up in the joints however people have studied the ruins of the temples also found interior stones with an outside layer of reflective material in some instances leave vitrified surfaces have been removed in a rather crude way with a chisel and Hammer historians who studied the entire timespan of the building in walls surmise this may have happened in order to paint or stucco them once the Spanish colonized the area other interior surfaces made of stone were carved with precise niches grooves and holes that extended straight into the granite blocks well these do not have obvious purposes at this late date it's quite common to assume that they were used to hang decorative items such as plaques banners or even figurines or statues the holes range in depth from just 4 centimeters to 50 centimeters deep the enclosure of gold in Cusco is not the only building that showed signs of vitrification and incredibly accurate stonework up on the hill above the city rests sexy woman a massive fortress built from excessively large stone blocks some of the granite and anthracite weighed upward of 300 tons despite how difficult it must have been to move them into position they show evidence of extremely exact joint work the vitrification that occurs here seems to indicate that high heat was used to shape or connect the megaliths with very narrow seams between them some of the large stones have apparently Moulton's scars from whatever process vitrified their surface as long ago near this hillside for it lies a unique round amphitheater called Road Adaro one construction feature called the throne of the Inka shows heavy signs of vitrification on many surfaces these vitrified stones form some of the broad steps that lead up to the top platform altars and niches undoubtedly used for ceremonies many centuries ago an added feature is the discovery that these stone steps that show evidence of vitrification are also highly magnetized of course over the millennia since these areas were constructed the weather has eroded much of the stone surfaces this partially destroyed some of the vitrification that may have been evident on most platforms and steps some of the larger stones which weigh over 100 tons have been altered significantly by what appears to be the application of high heat some of the megaliths are split have changed texture or their colors been altered from the original natural state vitrification is visible on stones in a more protected spot it's possible that some of the damaged stone work occurred when the parts of the building fell down due to earthquakes time and the effects of extreme weather events however the evidence that extremely high degrees of heat contributed to the problem leave some historians mystified ah Salaam Nero to Darrow Hill archaeologists discovered a tunnel with the vitrified stone ceiling and walls additional tunnels and natural cave parts show mirrored surfaces that reflect light easily erosion has opened some of these tunnels to the weather since they were built in ancient times this helped researchers discover more about the extensive network and experience the vitrification in more obvious ways however interesting the tunnels are there's no evidence that clearly shows what they were used for also near saqsaywaman another ancient architecture site called Kenko shows off the ancient civilization interest in massive stone blocks careful carving and sitting and vitrified services again the years have not been kind to the underground areas or interiors of the buildings erosion and collapse have opened chambers and tunnels to the air and weather as with most ancient locations the exact purpose and use of Kenko is mostly a matter of guesswork and supposition on the part of the baffled historians who research it deconstruction carvings and chambers included in these structures seem to indicate that the location once contained a canal system oscillate central chamber with altars and tables which is assumed to be religious or funerary locations show considerable vitrification although interesting from a historical standpoint the nearby temple of the monkeys and temple of the moon are often overlooked because the other sites are larger and have more megalithic stones however they still provide an interesting look into the construction abilities and lifestyles of those ancient civilized people a collection of underground caves contains altars and other platforms undoubtedly used for funerals and religious rites the people apparently use their unique construction techniques to augment the natural geology of the area in the largest cave with ceremonial trappings every other wall floor staircase and platform has a vitrified surface this protected location has allowed the unique surfaces to remain largely unchanged for a very long time here the event rotational and exceptionally well-preserved the stone surfaces reflect light almost as well as mirrored glass wood unfortunately other places in the two temples are now exposed to the outside weather and the vitrification has started to disappear it seems there's no shortage of amazing architectural sites in this area of Peru near the Inca capital city of Cusco another called olanta tombow was a massive fort built into the side of a hill the land was terraced extensively massive stone block walls were constructed around the perimeter and the location culminated in a glorious Temple of the Sun at the top the wall itself represents an incredibly impressive architectural feat for people using simple tools and manpower each stone block was transported from a quarry at least five kilometres away across ravines plains and hills and finally up the mountain to the final position some weight in excess of 14,000 pounds it is these megaliths fashioned from poor fireEye that impress archaeologists most of all although debate still rages about the possible carvings or facade on the surface of these six giant stones what is left to enjoy today clearly demonstrates the high degree of skill and dedication that these early people had to their architectural endeavors the base of the hill is littered with massive and now weathered stones that were either rejected for the temple or left for some other reason it seems that some were connected in the tihuanaco style with metal clamps and tea grooves after they had laid exposed to the weather for some time apparently the Inka were fond of reusing existing materials for their own purposes are the Inka just custodians this part of Peru contains some of the finest archaeological sites in the most advanced and precise stonework and architecture ever developed in the ancient world the vitrification of the granite andesite and other stone creates a unique metallic look not found in many other places although the craftsmanship is exquisite you can still see evidence of the protuberances originally used to transport the blocks over long distances while they were very useful for this it remains questionable why they were not smoothed out during the actual construction process it's possible that the part of the property where they're most prominent was not finished like all the others atop the terrace of the temple of the Sun a multi sited wall called olanta Tumbo rests its reflective surface must have gleamed in the sunlight as the ancient people went about their worship activities this location has a wide selection of different types of rock andesite basalt pinkish / fiery and diorite mic in many other walls and temples these stone joints have been vitrified so they reflect light the effect is especially prominent wherever rocks have fallen out or been removed from the structures it becomes obvious that the adjoining faces of the stones were vitrified before they were fitted together perfectly this must have had some practical purposes as it was not usually done to visible surfaces those were polished in more mundane ways but not vitrified to create the extremely reflective surface although archeologists see it as an aesthetic trait now perhaps it was purely functional all those centuries ago awesome because it occurs only on interior touching surfaces it's obvious that vitrification was done artificially in some way and not a result of for example a wildfire or lightning as interesting as the vitrification of the stone is researchers disagree on one very important factor some argue that the vitrified layer is not part of the original stone at all instead they believe it's a different type of material that was layered on top of the stone as a form of mortar or cement it's difficult to figure out what the truth is on these ancient structures from the research that's already been done the layers seem like the stone but it's undergone some sort of chemical transformation another sign that points to a more natural explanation is that some parts of caves and tunnels that have not been changed by human hands awesome show signs of vitrification the steps leading to the temple of the Sun were vitrified on many surfaces other parts were polished in ways that archaeologists recognized from the civilizations that made it scientific study of the materials themselves has not been done in any great measure above Cuzco lies a place of archaeological interest with considerable number of caves called Teddy Kaka scientists are a university in Holland were able to take microscopic photographs of the stone itself in order to solve the mystery once and for all they found that the regular stone and the layer that have been vitrified were distinctly different in makeup however they also found a thin layer between them that showed a granular transition from one state to the next just like you'd see charcoal change to charred wood change to unburned wood on a log that have been in a fire so too did this vitrified stone show three distinct layers this demonstrates that the vitrification was not a part of something applied to the top of the stone when studying chemically some differences in the makeup of the stone are also noted the vitrified layer contains elements not normally found in the type of stone used for the block mostly there was evidence of higher amounts of silica which seem to point to an application process or a chemical or heat process that cannot truly be explained knowing the technology of the time melting or chemically changing the stones with high heat would require some type of furnace that operated above a thousand degrees Celsius or extremely high pressure how these ancient people could do such things is beyond the understanding of modern archaeologists the traffic ation of stone used in early civilization building sites has been found throughout Cusco chinchero tambo machay and surrounding areas archeologists have also found evidence of this unique and mysterious process at machu picchu in some locations it seemed to be quite a popular way to create stunning reflections of light and shadow on walls and temples in other locations such as the temple of the three windows and the main temple plaza it served as a more functional purpose on the stone surface that was touched to the joints it's not all walls either they're bizarrely cut rocks the exhibit clear technical function the sacred site called chiaro meok with semicircular incision as if a laser removed a template cut technical device is literally off the charts the unusual symbol features a seven tiered motif arranged around a central cavity angled slightly upwards towards the heavens it's always been associated with the moon known as the place of the moon rock Chiara meok was used long before 1200 AD when the Incas are thought to have arrived in the Cusco region it's unclear whether the stepped semicircle curved in the limestone rock depicts a moon rainbow or something else but since it faces east it may align with the Solstice or Equinox sunrises the designs have been a sundial of sorts serving as a timekeeping tool some people suggest a large limestone outcrop into which the Crescent is carved has the shape of a puma and that the Crescent is its eye interestingly the Crescent contains seven intricately carved steps or platforms along its circumference why the number seven since ancient times this numbers played a significant role in religion astrology numerology alchemy and mysticism especially concerning the measurement of time for example there are seven days in a week a system typically attributed to the Babylonians who accorded one day for each of the heavenly bodies the Romans later named seven days the week after their gods whatever kya Roma rock is it's clearly technical and likely astronomical the use of such enormous blocks is the only reason these ancient structures have survived until today even though they're in a seismically active region why was it so important they last for thousands of years the master masons and complete understanding of stone of masonry to such a level that they could extraordinary wonderful feats the unusual angles tightly fitted is what captures the imagination of all who see them not even earthquakes can break them loose this unusual method of interlocking enormous stones together is synonymous with ancient Egypt who developed these engineering techniques why were these techniques so important granite blocks there have been so technically articulated many believe precision power tools is the only way archeologists are completely puzzled by this ancient site and believe even commenting on it will make them look crazy not only do these granite blocks have smooth precision corners but they also have precise drill holes in grooves at the same depth consistently it's completely astonishing work no matter what way you look at it even by today's standards yet insults of primitive cultures doing this is still the narrative the h-blocks at puma punku-- seem to get the most attention Bowl sight looks like a prefabricated system of construction pioneering technologist Christopher Dunn has sophisticatedly showed the dovetail design in the age block to incredible accuracy and clearly intentional everything points to lost technology mechanical engineering and logistical analysis with every aspect of their methods of construction it was clearly easy for them to do this whatever their method even alternative researchers seem to polarize themselves when there are clearly two different technologies at play the ability to heat and soften stone and advanced machining techniques [Music] new baffling discoveries made in the colossal ruins of Baalbek Lebanon provide evidence of a past super civilization so technically advanced in ancient times the many researchers are left speechless Baalbek is the name of the archaeological site in Lebanon in Roman times it was known as Heliopolis or the city of the Sun the biggest enigma that have historians in an uproar is just how old are the ruins the original Canaanite temples could be 2000 years older than the Roman remains left today the question is had the Canaanites done what the Romans did in other words did they build upon the site as well the oldest part of the ruins at Baalbek fit absolutely no known culture and were originally employed for some mysterious purpose to further increase their mysterious origin and original use these megaliths are not foundation stones as they're always declared they represent the top course of stones of the original edifice whatever that may have been the heaviest stone block at Baalbek is 1,650 tons so that's gigantic beyond belief but there it stands a block of stone that's weighing two three four or five tonnes is a huge heavy stone and when you start talking about fifty or a hundred tons things start getting epic five hundred tonnes then everyone including engineers are completely stunned above that the mind boggles many of these megaliths are much older than the archaeologists are saying including Baalbek bhaumik is a partial Roman temple and mainstream archaeology is saying that Baalbek is a purely Roman temple and that the Romans built all of it what you really have there is a pre-roman structure with massive blocks of what they're calling ash Lars they're the foundation stones of Baalbek and you have almost the same thing at Jerusalem at Solomon's Temple the gigantic blocks of stone that are the base of Solomon's Temple one called the Western stone is a giant block of stone that wasn't visible until the Israelis dug a tunnel along the base of King Solomon's Temple and that allowed us to see the stone these are the super megaliths that historians and engineers should be trying to figure out first yet we always are told how they shifted five ton blocks around with sheer force many believe the remnants of this culture have been wiped out in a flood of epic proportions and as sea levels of risen that's where we should be looking research is slowly coming telling us the flood thesis might be true during a high-resolution mapping of the mediterranean sea floor researchers discovered an enormous stone monolith resting in the Sicilian Channel ancient people have crafted the monolith however it's unclear how ancient people living at least nine thousand five hundred years ago were able to cut extract transport and install the stone there are hundreds of known sunken cities in the Mediterranean alone Malta boosts many of these and mysterious cart ruts that go into the sea Malta at one point was hit by a giant flood like Cataclysm we know this from guard alum cave above the coastline which at Ice Age animals compacted inside an ancient flood ancient civilizations always seem to head back to Atlantis Lemuria the megaliths in South America as well as underwater ruins and the Bahamas are no exception atlantis was tied to the underwater Bimini wall with Edgar Casey's prediction however Atlantis as a story is traced back through Egypt from the Egyptians story of Solon Atlantis was a global civilization before 10,000 BC and that's the legend of Atlantis but archaeologists and historians like the civilization starting in Sumeria Gobekli tap a seams to uproot this long-held concept and what we're obviously looking at is a restart of civilization perhaps many times that's what you would expect from a global Cataclysm of epic proportions any traces of civilization before the 10,000 BC era would essentially be labeled Atlantis India speaks of tale like this and the lost continent of Kumari Kandam the Tamils claim that they're part of a lost continent that's now underwater south of India between Australia Sri Lanka was part of this two meal at La nian Kingdom when we come to Peru in South America we come across so many similarities with Egypt and cyclopean super megaliths we really must consider the Atlantis thesis as highly plausible maybe these myth tellers are recounting their forgotten history the huge blocks of stone located at ollantaytambo and Peru are a fine example of high craftsmanship heavy lifting and bizarre techniques being replicated across the Atlantic with a practice known as Keystone cuts these uniquely shaped cuts done in megalithic blocks is a very unusual way to put blocks together but you find these key stone cuts and all kinds of different parts of the world puma punku-- in Bolivia is a prime example of these key stone cuts and their cuts and blocks of stone upon which molten metals are poured into the motif the keystone is always across the joint leading many to think the metal connection is hermetically bonding the blocks together [Music] [Music] what when we come to the megaliths ooh Easter Island and particularly to the quarry on Easter Island we get into the mind-boggling territory once again Easter Island is a triangular island with up to three volcanoes and there's a fourth volcano sort of in the center of the island a little bit off to the side and it's this one where all the statues on Easter Island were quarried there are hundreds of statues recorded at Easter Island some were moved out of the quarry and placed around the islands facing inland supposedly to protect the island what happened at Easter Island is they made all these statues left them at the quarry they didn't do anything with them they didn't move them anywhere they're just sitting still at the quarry in a sense on the side of the hill in fact most of them are buried up to their chests according to the early natives on Easter Island what they would have to do is move the statues to the edge of the island according to the Islanders their Easter Island Rapa Nui was part of a continent a lost continent like a Lemuria this continent their homeland sank beneath the ocean the only part of their land that didn't sink beneath the ocean was Easter Island to protect their Island from sinking like the rest of the land they put statues all around the edge of the island supposedly the statues walked themselves Easter Island being a volcanic island is a puzzling and magnetic anomaly so strange people often feel an unusual sense of energy there it's often being compared to the magnetic vortex of the Bermuda Triangle these statues are 40 to 50 feet high but most of them are buried up to their chests some are lying down and the green slopes of the volcanic quarry was there a cataclysm that washed across the island and buried them how would 30 feet of soil have built up around these statues in even 500 years they're supposed to have been built it's so baffling like these statues have been there for thousands and thousands of years and perhaps some volcano had to go off to half bury them all the statues that were put up around the island facing inland they're standing on platforms they're not buried it's almost like the Easter Islanders later went and got some of these statues from the quarry and put them up around the island at the Museum on Easter Island you can see the inlay in their eyes and they would use whale ivory to put in his pupils and there would be a piece of black obsidian as the eye itself before we leave Easter Island we must address the rongorongo script it drives the story is crazy because they're left puzzle no matter what way they come at it it seriously messes up their tidy timelines Rango Rango is Oceanos only indigenous script it's found in Easter Island only in the center of the Pacific Ocean over a thousand miles from any continent the script was first identified in 1864 however the baffling mystery is that it's exactly like the indus valley script rongorongo writing is identical to the Indus Valley writing which would be mohenjo-daro and the Indus Valley the civilization in Pakistan and then paths in western India a civilization which goes back to at least 3000 BC in 1932 Wilhelm de Hevesy was the first academic to suggest a link between rongorongo and the Indus script of the Indus Valley Civilization in India claiming that as many as 40 rongorongo symbols had a correlating symbol in the script from India for a while the idea was entertained and debated until radiocarbon dating of the Indus Valley culture was placed between circa 3300 to 1900 BC a finding which officially separated the two cultures by over two thousand years recent research however has opened the debate again as the finding of indus valley DNA and australian aborigines suggests a contact between the two cultures circa 2000 BC the Pacific is riddled with an eggless in Micronesia a mysterious city called nan Madol on the island of Pohnpei have sparked debates whether it's linked to gunung padang in indonesia on the southeast corner of Pompeii the huge city is built into the ocean of the giant walls built out of basalt there's over 250 million tons of basalt stacked up in 100 artificial island walls that are 30 to 40 feet high in some places using prismatic crystals of basalt weighing 10 to 30 tons of piece there's so much stone and materials in nan Madol the mind boggles how much effort went into building it and why considering the Great Pyramid is six million tons approximately and 250 million tons for nan Madol means entire mountains would have been dismantled to get the material for the city bizarrely the 8 sided prismatic bath salts are magnetic giving off strange lights everything about this place is off the charts when you get your mind around 100 artificial islands it's mind-blowing how anyone could have done this 250 million tons of basalt stacked up into these walls 30 feet high yet archaeologists have it all figured out in some ridiculous timeline just like Easter Island the native inhabitants are detached from the original builders with little more than legend to explain it why do we always see around the planet huge cut blocks of stone when smaller ones would do a great example of this is in aswan egypt the unfinished obelisk in the aswan quarries where the Aswan Dam is 100 miles from Luxor the top the obelisk has been squared off and cut and there are big trenches going down the sides that have been dug out of solid granite bedrock it's unfinished because of a natural fault they couldn't see from above the sheer size they were attempting to quarry out is beyond belief yet there it is the obelisk of Aksum is truly amazing that it was transported between continents twice during the last 100 years however the reason for delay and repatriation was the sheer difficulty in duping it as a society today if we struggle shifting obelisks how did the ancients manage and again why didn't they build them so big if they did struggle what was the gain in doing so amazing megalithic work in Ethiopia didn't stop at obelisks it continued until 900 years ago with the rock cut churches of lalibela an amazing feat of stone work although a marvel look at we can easily see how something like this is quarried slowly working stones over 500 tons is another matter entirely whilst most megalithic regions in Europe boasts some huge cap stones like the antic cara dolmen in spain and let table demo Sean in Brittany most of the megalithic sites that encompass the nomadic culture who built them are built of more manageable size megalithic European sites run into the thousands upon thousands they're everywhere look at a map of Europe you'll find dense hotspots of megalithic activity in various regions Brittany is perhaps the most famous the broken obelisk there Legrand Munir bree-zay this stone obelisk has the honor of having once been the largest known standing stone in Europe and the largest of a huge 19 stone alignment today the Munir is broken into four pieces which still lie where they fell the stone is estimated to have weighed about 355 tons when complete and who have stood over 20 meters high it was hand mauled into its present shape and an ex-player was once visible on the middle fragment John Mitchell reports the nearest source of similar stone at over 50 miles distance and even though newer reports suggest only 10 kilometers north of RA it still highlights the fact that the location outweighed the difficulties involved in transporting such large stones over long distances dole dobrze ton obelisk at 9 meters high is still hugely impressive we're talking Neolithic times 4000 BC at 3000 BC and the idea we've been given of this time is little more than cavemen the opposite is true we're talking sophisticated transport of heavy materials in in his spittle terrains over large distances the biggest megaliths of europe seemed to occur in the further epochs 4000 BC and the lighter megalithic work seems to be when this culture dwindles out of the existence around 1000 BC the commune of Karnak has more than 3000 standing stones from the Neolithic period these standing stones or manures are dotted around the landscape but appear in their highest concentration at the alignments as known as the Carnac stones rows and rows of stones erected in lines stretching almost as far as the eye can see it's the largest megalithic site in the world clearly size is not just the only component of the mystery complex layouts patterns and geometry are at play astronomical alignments and observations layered into the monuments provide a layer of enigma that enthralls everyone who visits them there are also the jaw-dropping numbers of sites involved some 35,000 catalogues symbolic arrangements with the same architectural features mostly across coastal Europe but also mountainous regions inland there's an estimated 40,000 on catalogued lying in wait whilst each country tries it's best to catalogue vast lists of sites and various states of ruin there are some 31 wiki is listed it's taken nearly two centuries for historians to admit that all of Europe's mysterious massive stone structures may have had one origin source the problem lies in that they've been painted as hunter-gatherers one notch up above Caitlyn since we're talking about megalithic structures from the top of Scandinavia near the Arctic Circle across the entire British Isles from northern coastal Europe to the Mediterranean Basin every island in the Mediterranean Basin and right up to the middle east of Jordan and Israel if you showed photos of the structures stone circles and dolmens without telling the observer the region they were from there would be resounding confirmation of same designer same architect same concept the observation is obvious rudimentary and compelling anyone has tried to link sites over distances has either been ridiculed or shunned why because historians would have to admit seagoing vessels and a Mariner culture it's almost as if what happened in coastal Europe was the remnants of a culture or survivors of a lost culture scattered and they might try to keep the knowledge architecture and astronomy alive whilst a some this might seem like a reach it has serious credence and is highly plausible when you study megalith that Europe as a whole and admit the obvious a common origin of all science in fairness there are issues with a common origin a recent study has lead claims that Brittany's megalithic region was the original epicenter of this marvelous ancient architecture evidence suggests several pockets all ignited at the same time northwest Ireland Evora in Portugal and Brittany all show massive projects in the 4800 BC Almond raise Crom lakh in évora even shows remarkable similarities to brittany alignments the data we see on the ground doesn't match the study which lays claims that the oldest is Brittany and everything else follows Scotland and Malta show remarkable similarities also which are at the two ends of Europe Sardinia Corsica and Malta in the Mediterranean Sea being relatively close to each other all shows such diversity in age style art and architecture it doesn't make sense at the same time in portraying all this we have signature monuments like dolmens in all these regions like a beacon saying we all have the same concept mariners seeking refuge in Europe from an unknown common source fits this scenario perfectly but Mariners from where from when some time before 5000 BC people versed in massive medal at the construction hit Europe at different locations and set up camp what looked like independent cultures doing the same bizarre unique style independently is really one group with specific ideas scattered doing things individually the question is were the megalithic builders of Europe spawned from the same megalithic global culture the style says no Peru looks so unique precise and like a showroom masterpiece of masonry craftsmanship whilst megalith the Europe looks so rough cut hewn and strewn together there is the Enigma of dolmens reaching Korea in the Far East that says anything is possible and that our planet Earth really is smaller than we think we often underestimate our ancestors sure they'd be in awe of our modern technology but when we look at the resilient monuments they created the great pyramids Stonehenge theme why of Easter Island we're left speechless as well and wonder how they do that often this question remains unanswered and these wonderful structures are still shrouded in mystery the dolmens of korea are equally such an enigma dolmens and korea are generally single chambers with two or more vertical stones supporting a horizontal capstone forming a tabletop there are examples of dolmens in China and Japan but Korea has the highest concentration of these prehistoric megaliths around 35,000 structures more than the rest of the world yet compared to dolmens in other countries in korea these structures have only recently been analyzed the ping my Dolman in Hasan weighs 280 tons and is by far the largest Dolman in the world it has fairy legends associated with it just like its European counterparts the ganghwado min is perhaps the most recognizable of these korean structures anthropologists estimate that it took 200 to 300 people to erect the megalith it also has folklore associated with it associating this time with a wizard in other korean legends dolmens are referred to as houses for witches or the work of ancient saints though these outlandish folk tales are entertaining they do nothing to debate the origin of these structures however like Merlyn the magician in the UK and his association with megalithic monuments its instrumental to note the folklore and megalithic craze is almost identical though thousands of miles apart when we see ancient structures around the world ancient lost advanced technology and cross-cultural connections we must question everything who really created the great civilisations of the world and who were our real ancestors what made it possible for ancient cultures such as the Inca the Maya and the Egyptians to suddenly appear on the timeline of history already endowed with very advanced skills and cosmic knowledge these questions are not adequately answered by conventional archeology we need to look through the eyes of the ancestors revealing evidence that challenges the mainstream historical view we've often been given a narrative and then told what to think about it we never get the facts to speak for themselves megalith the gear up has been confined to its own borders and each little megalithic district has been in the control of modern countries there are some who think that the Middle East and the farthest corners of the North Western Europe were in contact the stone circle at Gilgal drop a min Israel would fit right into the categories of stone circles and Cairns of the British Isles the Gilgal row pain also called the Rouge amel Jiri megalithic monument in northern Israel near the Sea of Galilee contains almost 40,000 basalt rocks resembling a giant target from above and boasting intricate stone arrangements within the circles range from 8 feet in height to 15 feet tall in the centre archaeologists estimate the site was constructed as early as 3000 BCE though its purpose remains unknown Israeli archaeologists have found it aligns with the summer solstice sunrise and that the location may have been used as a place to gaze at and track the Stars working like a kind of ancient calendar on the island of Menorca in the Mediterranean Sea megalithic monuments called talas Catalan for tables attract visitors far and wide archaeologists aren't sure what purpose the tallest served though independent researchers have shown deep astronomical significance making an arc in the sky the talus were constructed between 1,000 and 3,000 BCE official studies reveal however many are already drawing attention to similar t-shaped pillars of Gobekli Tepe while we're talking about a possible six to eight thousand years difference in the epoch of construction the t-shaped pillars may have an astronomical practice associated with them that gets passed on equally the dolmens of Korea and those of Europe are also separated by two to four millennia yet the concept of Mythology is passed on somehow if we first get over the hurdle and accept transoceanic contact between ancient cultures then we can solve some of the problems of megalithic similarities the colossal Olmec heads are a perfect example to exhibit this point no one would argue their indigenous features yet we can't just say case solved either it doesn't mean west african megalithic builders came one way set up camp and started a new culture it's much more complex than that we're talking a global worldwide civilization made up of many cultures traversing and trading symbols ideology concepts construction methods styles artifacts materials resource all get traded across vast distances today and as far back as men as existed on the planet this only happens in a world that's connected by sea or by land or both the Corsica megaliths are eerily like gobekli tepe also this Mediterranean island exhibits bizarre features just like the Ice Age monument of gobekli tepe the strange faces carved in the standing stones look remarkably close to the earth amman we even have the same h symbol carved into the stones the more people look the more connections they find perhaps the gobekli tepe builders didn't decline they just moved on and migrated with their astronomical observations and stone technology the connections keep coming the earth a man has his long fingers around the navel as do the gobekli tepe t-shaped pillars the Easter Island statues have long fingers holding the belly or focused on the navel we find the same practice in the coastal lowlands of Guatemala the pre-classic period some 2,500 years ago the statues are all drawing attention to the navel area with fingers this is the very early colonization phase in Central America not Mayan supposedly some unknown independent chiefdom in Guatemala wealth these specific practices and artistic styles across different cultures are huge indicators of a connection there's no band of archaeologists traversing the museum's of the world looking for them but like this every megalithic region and megalithic culture have their own individual styles yet there are commonalities between sites that shouldn't be there archaeology concentrates on the individualistic and megalithic researchers concentrate on the connections Keystone cuts is another fantastic instrumental concept that cannot be explained by archaeology on various continents the practice of Keystone cuts appears puma punku-- is one place where you can visit and see them openly was there a megalithic technology or advanced group traversing the world teaching knowledge trading knowledge or migrating from place to place if there was a cataclysm or worldwide flood that some have suggested it would explain the migrations it would also explain the common origin and limited transoceanic contact each megalithic culture as it moved on and isolated itself was left to progress flourish or dwindle out of existence one of the most remarkable megalithic cultures to last so long on this earth was the San Agustin culture of Colombia so very little is known about the ancient peoples of San Agustin or their culture they have no written language and had already disappeared several centuries before Europeans arrived in this part of the world but their legacy is sealed regardless of how much or little we can learn about them after all they were responsible for building the largest group of monuments and megalithic scholars in South America this mystery is unlikely to be solved anytime soon but san agustin isn't about solving mysteries it's about experiencing the wonders of a lost civilization the real mystery of san agustin lies in the identity of the skilled peoples who built these remarkable statues and burial sites archeologists and anthropologists have been baffled trying to piece together some part of their story the earliest remnants of their culture date back to 3300 BC and these archaeological sites were abandoned around 1350 ad they were rediscovered in the 18th and 19th centuries and most of the burial sites were looted in search of gold the fact remains they survived the longest of all megalith the cultures right up until medieval times then like every other megalithic culture vanished the story of Atlantis has intrigued humanity for millennia its confounded all the experts it's brought wonderment to the general public ever since the days of Plato the fables of Plato described in detail the history and demise of the Atlantean Empire in his writings of prettiest and Timaeus circa 400 BC if the story's real history which many now think when did the Atlantean Empire fall and why have we heard so little details about this advanced civilization of the ancient world the prehistoric of the last 100,000 years could reveal the secrets of our species origin and light the true extent of Earth's lost global civilization ancient sites like catal hoyuk and gobekli tepe may be pushing the boundaries of prehistory back to 10,000 BC but let's not forget puma punku and tiahuanaco are dated to this timeframe also at least in terms of our kale astronomy and geological data if we're to take anything from Plato's account it's that the Atlanteans we're dealing with met the skies and geodetic we measured the earth whilst archaeology remains baffled on so many ancient sites around the globe determined pioneering researchers have provided colossal evidence to suggest we had an advanced ancient civilization that went down in a flood Sumerian and biblical accounts may well be true as well as Plato's account this documentary explores the newly discovered down-to-earth findings of the most enigmatic perplexing sites on earth if the Atlantean Empire was consumed by the sea our findings should be below and above water the remnants of this ancient civilization have left us amazing clues in the monuments they left behind showing they must have had highly advanced accurate mapping methods the Atlantean Empire successfully measured and mapped the earth thereby allowing them the ability to navigate to locations throughout the world representing an empire of epic proportions literally on a global scale it's only in the last decade that the story of Atlantis fits into real history and archeology although scholars focus on the recent history of the earth everybody's now agreed that there was an event called the last ice age and that the last ice age came to a rather abrupt end by the fate of a comet about 12,000 years ago resulting in the end of the Ice Age Plato who knew nothing about ice ages nevertheless set that demise of Atlantis precisely at that time that the vast ice sheets that covered huge areas of the earth were melting down and pouring their meltwater into the oceans subsequently raising sea levels by 400 feet all around the world like it or not the Plato dating is as accurate as it gets the Mediterranean and doggerland is also indicative that the whole Atlantic and the Mediterranean was flooded in a catastrophic event thus 200 sunken ruins in the Mediterranean Basin are associated often with Atlantis so often from deep antiquity we see ancient ruins with a very specific megalithic construction that's so distinct you see this in these ruins that are above water but you also see the same kind of construction in these underwater ruins in the southern part of the Iberian Peninsula at the mouth of the Mediterranean the dolmen dominga is an awe-inspiring example Spain and Portugal are rife with such examples dolmen Domingo in antique era Spain has a capstone stone which is the biggest in a prehistoric monument from all over the world the weight of this stone is estimated 180 tonnes the great dolmen of zenbu Yarrow in Evora Portugal is another colossal example lido Mondavi era and Takara has an identical doorway identical to those in Malta the doorways are so unique difficult to make and always used in the same configuration it can only be the same culture megalithic building with gigantic sculpted stones is considered by almost all the experts to have begun around 2500 BC from the Great Pyramid of Giza to Stonehenge in England from bough back of the ancient Canaanites to the affer mentioned dolmens of southern Spain why the sudden building craze in 2500 BC almost all these ancient structures show alignments to the solstices and equinoxes with a near obsessional accuracy it said the base of the Niebla and Ronde in Spain is built entirely of megalithic recycled materials the site of this bridge is situated on the river network of the ancient megalithic region which is also situated in the richest and most ancient mining region in the world mining was the source of wealth for the Atlanteans and it's long been purported these southern Iberia was their mining region in 1755 the great Lisbon earthquake provided an incredible window into this Atlantean region although this region of the world is not known for its risk of quakes and tsunamis a devastating earthquake produced a tsunami on the southern Iberian Peninsula when the ocean receded the remnants of sunken cities were exposed and visible for a short while the Lisbon earthquake and its subsequent tsunami was the greatest natural catastrophe that affected Europe in recent history and its effects left a mark in the collective memory of the inhabitants of the Iberian coast the greatest impact occurred in Lisbon City with almost 900 direct victims many other Portuguese coastal populations were also affected some of which were destroyed although the number of victims was lower than in the capital city the effects of the tsunami are also described in areas of Spain and the African Atlantic coast as well as Cornwall even the agitation in closed waters of faraway places like Scotland yet today only two hundred years later there's only faint memories in this event and the exposed sunken cities Spain Gibraltar Morocco has always been labeled as the center of the Atlantean Empire with submerged ruins reported off kieta tarifa Sahara Delos at Tunis Cadiz rota and chippy ona of Spain and the ruins of the city of Atlantis perhaps 30 miles south of Cadiz in a hundred feet of water ruins - at several locations off Morocco on both sides of the Gibraltar so why have we not seen reports about these on the news everywhere all too often Plato's Atlantis is being proved time and time again Britain Ireland France also has many submerged ruins with numerous examples being reported off Cornwall's Isles of Scilly in Cardian Bay off Tory Island and off the Brittany coast of the kingdom of wise özil known as Kerris bizarrely Tory Island also boasts a magical t-shaped pillar Algeria Tunisia Libya Malta famed British nautical archaeologist Nick Fleming reported submerged ruins off Algeria Tunisia and Libya at gig this al-jazeera Thane Akula selectin thapsus ureic Ahalya Neapolis Moore and carpus and offs Lima Malta massive temple ruins are reported like those on shore as Plato said that Atlantis extended inside the Pillars of Hercules Gibraltar to Libya and Italy Tirion see how far outside he didn't say perhaps because he had not heard about the Ice Age tin mines at Cornwall England nor about Bimini of the Bahamas though he did write that there was another continent not Asia beyond the western ocean if we wanted to focus on the special megalithic construction that's found all over the world as an identifier of this Atlantean lost civilization let's address it as cyclopean masonry cyclopean construction is giant granite or some other difficult to work stone boulders that have been shaped and are usually fitted together in a jigsaw pattern where they the stones are perfectly fitted and locked in together we can find it in Spain Greece in Turkey in Egypt and in the Middle East we can even find it in Mexico the similarity of this unusual type of construction is direct evidence of a singular source for this construction method and logically speaking it can only be considered Atlantis Atlantis was a maritime civilization which was predominantly based on coastlines much like we do today it was globally distributed all over the world virtually everywhere but it was on coastlines the reason that so little evidence to come down to us is because those coastlines were all submerged and are now under at least 100 feet of water since the end of the last ice age nobody's bothered to look there the influence of a great lost civilization if to be found all around the world will be submerged it's no surprise historians are baffled when they don't look in the right place one of the places in which it was very active was in the Mediterranean in the eastern side of what we now call the Atlantic Ocean the Atlanteans were sophisticated geodetic metrologist any global civilization would have to be it's not some curious by-product or hobby of the Atlanteans it's essential if you're to be a global culture if you go to Egypt and you go to the solar boat museum there's a boat built for Khufu of the Great Pyramid Fame circa 2500 make no mistake it's as advanced as anything up to and maybe even including the ships of the 1800s this boat was ocean-going and go anywhere and if people had knowledge of the astronomy which we know the megalithic architects had you'd master the globe an eight thousand year old wooden platform has been discovered on the seabed off the Isle of Wight in the UK provoking curious insights into how far back maritime culture goes we may well have been not only all over the globe but all over the globe and the profound epochs according to the ancient Aztec legends the original homeland of the Aztecs was a mysterious and lost lands called Atlin and the word Atlin is in fact part of the word Atlantis so the idea - that the Aztecs mysterious homeland that they left was somehow in Spain off the coast of the Basque region somewhere the ancient Basque people being a maritime culture - the Aztec and Mayan temples of Mesoamerica are built let's say mostly 900 AD but they often dig down deeper and deeper and they find nearly every time it all goes back to 2,000 to 3,000 BC the most ancient structures of Central America from the ancient Olmecs and the pre Mayans are all from 2 to 3000 BC megalithic cyclopean ruins in the Basque Country of Spain amazingly the people not only claimed a lineage from the Atlanteans but also refer to their Lost Kingdom as Atlantica it's interesting along those lines that the Basque language which is very unique there's also a very similar language to the Aztec language known as the noodle language the Basque language in the Aztec language have a very curious combination of X sounds and TL sounds when compared we find a lot of curious similarities many have speculated the original homeland of the sx called Atlin is the same homeland the Basques originated from for those not familiar with the mystery surrounding the Basque people there are several aspects that puzzle historians linguists and academics essentially they have extremely unique genetic markers the rarest blood type on the planet but highly concentrated in their population they have a language isolate essentially being unlike any other on earth the origins of the basque language and thus the basque people is perplexing for many reasons it's as if they were dropped into the border regions of spain and france on the edge of the atlantic when independent researchers and linguists have looked for the origins of the basque language there are surprising baffling results another bizarre group of people with a similar background unique genetic markers and a language isolate exists on an island in the north of japan the basque and i new correlation seems obvious when looked at from a linguistic approach however each group of people are considered language isolates and independent from each other based on linguists not liking the geographic locations being so far it seems evidence is irrelevant if you don't like how it fits here are a few obvious examples of these striking linguistics amazingly the I knew I thought to be descended from the Jomon people and having once flourished on all the islands of Japan and now only survive on the northernmost island and dwindling numbers they're often reported to have Caucasian features and usually reside within their own group just like the Basque people amazingly the Jomon I knew are scientifically dated through a variety of methods predominantly pottery and other archaeology to be a possible 14,000 years old right up until the Ice Age archeologists determined that the Ainu have been living on many of Japan's islands from Okinawa to Sakhalin for a guaranteed 7,000 years as a minimum they're Jomon pottery is found everywhere its characteristic although somewhat clumsy and can be dated from 5000 BCE until just before the Christian era it's very attractive and is distinguished by fantasy of its shapes with elegant and imaginative chord decorations some of the most striking finds worthy clearly anthropomorphic clay and stone figurines resembling pregnant females with mask-like faces and for tuber and eyes very similar to those found in many other parts of the world especially in Europe even in mainstream archaeology the German and their artifacts are often compared to pre-columbian cultures of the North American Pacific Northwest and especially to the Valdivia culture in Ecuador because in these settings cultural complexity developed within a primarily hunting-gathering context with limited use of horticulture stephen oppenheimer a medical geneticists at oxford university claims that the origins of the majority of british and irish people lie in the Basques who he maintains moved north from spain thousands of years ago following the retreat of the glaciers that have been covering northern Europe Oppenheimer spent two years researching the genetic makeup of people in the British Isles by tracing individual male gene lines and analysing their geographical distribution this would certainly explain the Neolithic constructions we see from the Mediterranean to the British Isles and along coastal Western Europe and according to his findings three-quarters of British people's ancestors arrived as hunter-gatherers between seventy five hundred and fifteen thousand years ago after the melting of the ice caps but before the land broke away from the mainland and divided into islands the first settlers were unlikely to have spoke in a Celtic language but possibly a tongue related to the unique Basque language explains Oppenheimer in his book the origins of the British a genetic detective story his findings contradict the long-held theory that Celts and anglo-saxons are the principal ancestors of today's Irish populations neither of those groups says Oppenheimer had much more impact than the Vikings the Normans or even immigrants of the past 50 years that is to say around five percent of the British Isles gene pool based on the overall genetic perspectives of the British it seems that Celts Belgians Angles Jutes Saxons Vikings and Normans were all immigrant minorities compared with the first unnamed Basque Bioneers who first ventured into the empty Chile lands so recently vacated by the great ice sheets rights Oppenheimer the whole enigma of the Basque and their lineage to Atlantis is truly amazing for a small pocket of people sandwiched between North Spain and southern France they're supposed to be isolated however they're connected to so many groups the affer mentions scots-irish British the Ainu of Japan the Aztecs and the Berbers of northern Africa genetically and partially linguistically which should come as no surprise as it's an Atlantian territory many have claimed links to the mysterious Etruscans and the Sumerians the whole point of discussing this fascinating baffling picture is that this is exactly what we should expect to find if we had the remnants of a worldwide Atlantean advanced culture we have monuments and structures linguistics and genetics and roots going back to deep antiquity on all counts a number of stone circles have also been found similar to those in Cornwall England and Senegal Northwest Africa a few still have the slender upright stone in the centre also found in the British Isles and elsewhere in Atlantic Europe and northwest Africa around 300 BCE Mongolian type people moved in from Korea and aggressively forced the Ainu north into the large island of Hokkaido where an estimated 17,000 of them are still living some 10 dialects have been recognized such as those of Sakhalin Hokkaido and the curls but several are at the point of being lost forever in Hokkaido young I knew are now making an effort to restore their ancient language and traditions there are many intriguing resemblances between the religious customs of the I knew and the Shinto Japanese the I knew called their God Comi well the Japanese called him Kamisama the Aleut and Eskimo word Comi means ancient thing or at the beginning one of the great many correlations between I knew and the NIP titute the Eskimo people call themselves the inuit note the similarity between Anouk and I knew mer worship is still part of the I new religion and is described in detail by Joseph Campbell and primitive mythology could it be that the Ainu were part of the mass migration of Caucasian type sea peoples who fled the burning Sahara and among others became the Caucasian looking Polynesians and may or ease the following language comparison for the Ainu seems to indicate that this was the case in books about Japan it's often a remark that many of the names of Japan's geographical features were taken over from the I knew for instance the many names beginning or ending with Amma goddess are all thought to be of a new origin in 1994 the newly married prince and princess of japan travelled to the cave of the goddess Amaterasu to ask her blessings for their marriage the name Amaterasu is agglutinated from Amma atera azu Amma goddess atera to come out to appear astir o blessings flow blessings flow when the goddess appears this name is made up of perfect Basque other well-known names are similarly assembled such as Akai do oka I do oka big meal I do Rou looking forward to looking forward to a big meal and Fujiyama ha muji ha ha happy juju cry of joy Amma goddess a happy cry of joy for the goddess is honored by everyone who reaches the top of the holy mountain just like it's still being heard on many other mountains of the world for example at Croagh Patrick in Ireland on the last Sunday of July the Basques even have a word for this yodel cry of the goddess which they call her Rin see the name Amaterasu is made up with the vowel interlocking ogum formula which was surprising to me because in the Ainu language itself there's not a hint of this agglutinating formula Nilan then searched for more japanese names and words which are assembled with the vowel interlocking ogham formula and found many such as kamikaze and Samurai the surprise which came from this comparison was that those words which showed vile interlocking were usually associated with fighting and male domination this appeared to be true all over the Pacific including Peru and Mexico could this mean that there were two major migrations the first one many millennia ago from Mesopotamia which brought the peaceful people of the goddess to the Pacific and a much later 1 missionary based bringing aggressive male domination and the language distorting vowel consonant vowel vcv formula to these same areas none of the Ainu words was the same as in Bosque but many were extremely close such as Ecore o and Koro money Co core and go Gor to scold to zoom and Eric to soon illness ska and syska to steal from the following comparisons it seems clear that I knew and bosque are genetically related in comparing I knew with Dravidian there was no such relationship although Dravidian itself is obviously awesome related to Bosque two separate branches of the same tree there are indications that the Ainu sailed regularly to Alaska to obtain reindeer hides from the Aleuts establish their which they needed for their sales exactly the same as was done by the Basques the Irish and Scots who went to the Arctic Norway for their reindeer leather sales mount comb some people the Ainu must have been great long distance seafarers to keep up contact with their home base that they may have been in Mesopotamia all over the Pacific this incredible sailing tradition waned fast when the social structure changed after the coming of European or Asiatic domination today the Ainu still sail the ocean but mostly to fish the complex navigational techniques acquired over millennia had been the property of a few special families and were never popular wisdom there now lost the astonishing amount of astronomical knowledge which the members of such navigator families had to memorize was taught them at a very young age and was build up during a lifetime on the ocean to these highly skilled and proud people the Pacific was not hostile the ocean was their life enjoy and an indispensable part of their culture only in the Caroline's the ancient spirit some of these secret navigational techniques and much astronomical wisdom has been maintained to this day all this is described in a book called we the navigators by David Lewis the people who sail the Pacific without the aid of instruments have recently been called the nomads of the wind a most appropriate title for these courageous and resourceful people the Ainu appeared to have been the avant-garde of the Pacific migration the desert off' occasion of the sahara sea climate had probably forced these groups to flee that region it was then that the name Africa was coined f3 [Music] re iike a fuh happy aren re Amman to escape ikura terror happy to have escaped the terror some of these displaced tribes sailed around Asia and started to populate the nearest Pacific Islands all of them speaking the same universal language and bringing along the same religion many of the Pacific Islands had names which could be translated with the bosk dictionary such as Tahiti from Tahiti tahi ue appearance ET ox resembles an ox these sharp pointed mountains indeed resemble ox horns assault Rapa Nui Easter Island ara Appa Nui ara Appa Nui Orel doy giant a parta far far away Nui enormous in Hawaiian enormous Giants far far away Hawaii huh ooh I ha ooh this one ahi gari exhausting this one is exhausting it still is finally Papua a Papua living in poverty Stone Age people don't own much they don't pollute and they live as part of nature one tantalizing hint comes from Peru where the patriarchal Incas established a complex civilization complete with highly evolved Sumerian type irrigation the Incas were living gods and the boss word for God is I'm koa ancient navigation allowed the surprisingly accurate geodetic mapping of many parts of the world in ancient times even during the Ice Age and very interestingly there's a whole category of maps produced between the 15th and the 17th century based on lost sources which show the world with astonishing accuracy as it looked during the last ice age perhaps a sunken landmass was exactly where Kercher's map says it was directly in the center of the Atlantic Ocean there's a geological feature running through the Atlantic called the mid-atlantic ridge which is essentially a crack in the earth there's huge volcanic activity exactly where the island volcano of Atlantis was purported to have sunk beneath the waves we know the Egyptians had measured the earth because the understanding of those measurements is what gives rise to the ancient measuring systems of cubits the cubit is the measurement that's expressed in the Great Pyramid there's no doubt whatsoever that the Great Pyramid of Egypt does embody the dimensions of the earth if you take the measurement of the base perimeter of the Great Pyramid go along and measure each of its four sides and add that together then you multiply that number 43,200 you'll get a very accurate rendition of the equatorial circumference of the earth to within a few miles of the value that we have today if you take the height of the Great Pyramid and multiply it by the same 43,200 you'll get a very accurate rendition of the polar radius of the earth it's essentially a scale model at a ratio of forty-two thousand two hundred to one it's beyond remarkable some say completely baffling that the earth and night sky were viewed as a sphere within a sphere by several ancient civilizations in the ancient book of the Popol Vuh it's written that the ancients could measure the round face of the earth and the arc of the sky even Plato referred to the earth as a sphere within the celestial sphere as a result of the slow wobble over the Earth's axis the sphere of the night sky appears to move at a constant rate of 72 years per one degree known as precession the Atlanteans mastered geodetic Mason's were able to predict where on earth the constellations of the night sky would appear at the same position relative to the horizon with this knowledge the ancients related time to distance the same principle upon which is based our modern nautical mile system with arcminutes and arcseconds and the notion or the knowledge of precession of the equinoxes why the ancients knew of precession of the equinoxes so far back then and thus write it in their legends and mythologies is stifling precession of the equinoxes also known as Lunas solar precession is the gravitational pull of the moon and the Sun on the earth's equator causing a wobble they created what was known as the Great year which is in many ancient cultures twenty five thousand nine hundred twenty years is approximately one wheel or orbit of the precession and that they broke them down into twelve constituent parts and these twelve became the zodiac signs with each of those as two thousand one hundred sixty years the dimensions of the Great Pyramid of Giza which has baffled the experts until now is being considered the ancient prime meridian the Great Pyramid of Giza has proven structural measurements of an almost perfect reduction of the dimensions of the earth by a factor of forty three thousand two hundred already outlined but this Great Pyramid ratio is directly related to the precession of the equinoxes both 43,200 and professional cycle of 25,920 are exactly divisible by one zodiac age of two thousand 160 years what's going on here clearly the Egyptologists are missing a trick processional numbers come up everywhere not just the Great Pyramid so many distinct cultures and civilizations from different parts of the world integrated processional numbers such as 12 36 54 72 108 and 4:32 into their respective ancient legends and architectures including the Scopes of their knowledge and understanding of the earth and astronomy the induce the Chinese the Sumerians and Mesoamericans all had accurate and very advanced measuring systems based upon knowledge of the dimensions of the earth there's a lot of mystery projected about precession and advanced mathematics base 60 in particular it's very simple precession is based on observation I'll be at an advanced and sophisticated science process to observe accurately but if you observe you'll find precession is twenty five thousand nine hundred twenty years one solar year is a specific determined length of time and it takes twenty five thousand nine hundred twenty of these solar gears to complete one cycle the number 25,920 is directly linked to the earth by a wobble and this number is exactly divisible by 16 therefore the Sumerians used a base 60 system therefore it still survives in part today therefore the scale model for the pyramids 43,200 was chosen because it's exactly divisible by 60 if precession was fifty thousand years we would probably have a base 50 system but we don't the ancient used precession and time and relative distance to traverse the globe measuring circumference --is angles it didn't matter to them how many years was in a precession only that they could measure it it was ingenious but awesome precession was a large number clumsy if you didn't break it up and sixty was a great number to used to break it up that's how simple the theory was in practice it was sophisticated and advanced they measured arc minutes and arc seconds relating the information they had their own way of doing longitude our Western world cracked longitude in the 1800's with clocks that were seagoing the ancients did it much more elegantly with the great clock of procession you didn't have to wind it up carry it or look hard for it it was always there above you the world contains many mysteries that make many scratch their heads in wonderment as to how it was done in a more primitive era when according to the history books only soft metal tools were available some of these ancient technological wonders can't be duplicated even today and others that are way ahead of their time is there some form of advanced ancient technology waiting to be rediscovered today here we have another astonishing archaeological site in the Andes Mountains that questions the conventional history of mankind sacsayhuamán the formidable so-called fortress that looks out across the city of Cusco first and foremost the enigmatic construction is a masterpiece of engineering modern day experts cannot explain how it was built sacsayhuamán is a marvel of mathematics philosophy and advanced engineering huge stones most of which weigh as much as a hundred tons have been laid out in a zigzag formation like all inca stonework there still debate surrounding how they were constructed thanks to a yet unexplained precision in stone cutting these structures built in such a way that a single piece of paper will not fit between two stones this precision combined with the rounded corners of the limestone blocks the variety of their interlocking shapes and the way the walls lean inward ubiquitous and Inca architecture is thought to increase the ruins incredible durability devastating earthquakes in cusco have left it undamaged experts today can't agree exactly how the ancients were able to accomplish this feat of Engineering some have cited advanced technology others think it was done through a vast network of mirrors and lenses to concentrate sunlight the only thing anyone can agree on is how impressive it is the purpose of the megalithic wall of sex a human is not the only mystery left to us by the ancient architects the construction technology remains to be a mystery as well it's just 50 years ago that the modern science due to the input of the American researchers adopted the thesis that all the known masonry techniques at the Inca monuments pertain to Incas although earlier many of the researchers believe that these cyclopean stone constructions must have been erected by a highly developed ancient culture which existed there long before the accession of Inka it's also worth noting having conquered Cusco in 1534 the Spanish conquistadors have enthroned [ __ ] Inca upon key the son of the last great Inca Heinicke Pok however it's already in 1536 that mango Inca raised a revolt against the Spanish conquistadors in May of that year a huge army of Inca as of the chroniclers data it counted between 100 and 200 thousand people put Cusco under siege the indians took possession of the sacsayhuamán hill and from its top began to bombard the city where the spaniards have settled with the fire shells so that to avoid a disastrous defeat the conquistadors attempted with a counter-attack of the hill on the day they succeeded and seized it they managed to win due to application of the assault ladder during a night raid and there's nothing unexpected or unusual in such a result of the fight because for the soldiers who have already had an experience in assaulting the European castles there was no problem with conquering the 5 to 6 metre walls of sex a human in other words this soul episode of the military action insects a human evidently demonstrates that this grandiose construction has never been a fortress from a technological point of view the great pyramid was made using more advanced technology than that of today's engineering machines for example a piece of cough raised lower temple stone next to Sphinx weighs about 200 tons it said that there are only two cranes which can carry the weight of 200 tons in the United States but a few hundred of 200-ton class stones were used in this lower temple the chief of the crane that lifted a 200 ton boiler in Long Island New York said the following about the block stones of the lower temple I'm looking at what you're showing me here and looking at the distances involved I don't know if we'd be able to pick the 200 ton blocks from the positions that I see available to us in my business we pick heavy loads and we look to see how heavy loads were picked up by other people before us and seeing how they move these heavy blocks 200 ton blocks thousands and thousands of years ago I have no idea how they did this job it's a mystery and it'll probably always be a mystery to me and maybe to everybody it seems to be very hard even with modern science to lift 200 ton objects but there is a piece of stone as heavy as 490 tons among the block stones used for the pyramids the heaviest weight that the crawler transporter that was used to transport the Saturn rocket at a u.s. space base can transport is 500 tons a technician at obayashi corporation a Japanese general contractor said the following the task of lifting and putting down a huge 490 ton stone is practically impossible even for a modern giant crane operation specialist in addition the stones around the top of the Great Pyramid are the biggest making it obvious that the Great Pyramid could not have been built with today's technology Graham Hancock said the following this it must be conceded is not just atomic clock accuracy but the Rolex BMW mercedes-benz rolls-royce and IBM of building engineering all rolled into one there are many scientific investigations of Jesus pyramids in addition to science archaeology is always making progress as well the imaginative theory that tens of thousands of slaves built the pyramids using manpower is becoming unreliable recently many technicians and archaeologists have pointed out that the pyramids were an energy generating system while Chris Dunn a former high tech engineer of the space Aeronautics industry investigated the complicated and geometric structure of the inside of the Great Pyramid was convinced that it was the husk of a gargantuan mechanical device from which the most important inner structural parts had been detached for some reason it was built with an abundance of cut stones 2.3 million pieces weighing 5.8 million tonnes using higher technology than that now used in the newest high-rise buildings because constructors wanted a large enough reward that is an enormous supply of electrical power Chris Dunn supposed that the Great Pyramid amplified and changed sound waves vibration wave that came from inside the earth into electric power puma punku-- is perhaps one of the most incredible ancient sites on planet earth that display the incredible stone masonry skills of its mysterious builders puma punku-- means the door of the puma in the native Amara the precision stone masonry found at puma punku-- is both incredibly mysterious and beautiful but most interestingly this ancient archaeological site has features that engineers and architects would have a tough time replicating today puma punku-- just like other incredible ancient archaeological sites defies ancient mankind's possibilities thousands of years ago is it possible that ancient inhabitants of Peru Bolivia and Egypt had advanced knowledge and technology that allowed them to erect some of the most incredible ancient sites on the planet or is it possible that incredible ancient sites like puma punku-- Tiahuanaco the Pyramids of Giza and tayo T Hopkin and Mexico were all built with the use of stone tools and without the wheel one of ancient mankind used other technologies that are completely unknown to our society today it's very interesting to know that the andesite blocks located at puma punku-- range from varied sizes some of them have up to seven meters in height as for the weight some of the blocks found at puma punku-- exceed a hundred tons so you must ask yourself how is it possible that ancient man was able to cut quarry transport and put these incredible blocks of stone into place thousands of years ago the precision found at puma punku-- is what baffles most of the visitors the 90-degree carved blocks of stone are fascinating feats of masonry smooth surfaces that were impossible to replicate using stone tools in copper some of the Endocyte blocks at puma punku-- even have perforation dots some researchers believe these perforation marks are in fact marks left by highly advanced tools that were used for carving an extraction process puma punku-- is without a doubt one of the most mysterious places on this planet and it's located near Tiahuanaco less than a quarter mile northeast of puma punku scientists believe tiahuanaco was once the center of a civilization with more than 40,000 inhabitants Tiahuanaco is probably the greatest Native American civilization that many people haven't heard of Pumapunku is simply put one of those places where when you look at these incredible constructions manipulated with that much perfection your imagination just fires up there are so many possibilities at this point and conventional archaeological explanation just don't fit in ones logic at that point it's nearly impossible to think that ancient man was able to do all this at a time when history tells us humans were extremely primitive beings ancient mankind most events some sort of mysterious ancient technology that's been lost together with the great civilization that built this incredible archaeological site we believe that puma punku-- is another ancient site displaying evidence of advanced ancient technology allanté tombow is not only one of the most impressive places in South America but it's one of the most impressive places in the world this ancient Inca city is enveloped in a mystery that experts can't explain its megalithic constructions have an inexplicable perfection in some strange way molded to perfection and stacked in the walls without need of any kind of glue as if they take in their shape in a 3d printer this complex is located 3,000 meters high in the middle of the sacred valley of the incas and is one of the most important inca sites in Peru ollantaytambo is for sure one of the most impressive megalithic sites in South America granite blocks of up to 80 tons perfectly carved form the walls of their constructions but many of these stones were extracted directly from the mountainside on the other side of the valley it's incredible stone constructions are not the only thing amazing about this place because if you didn't know all untight amo is aligned with other important ancient constructions around the world the pyramids of giza para TOA nazca lines or these statues of the Easter islands are just a few of them the incredible structures of ollantaytambo suggests to many experts the possibility that the people who built it knew ancient technology lost at some point in time perhaps even before the Inca civilization they knew something that allowed them to shape the stones with incredible precision perhaps these same advanced technology that shaped the stone spheres of Costa Rica or the my statues of the Easter islands in Chile one of the great mysteries of ollantaytambo is why the temple of the sun was never completed the temple of the Sun is one of the most amazing constructions that you can see in all it a tombow it consists of six monoliths each made of stones of tens of tons so the builders had no problem with the weight but then why did they never get to finish this project it's not only its alignment with other incredible constructions on earth that makes this place so out of place but the incredible precision with which these stones were carved some of the corners fit so perfectly that they'd puzzled archaeologists all over the world many scholars agree that a work of such magnitude can only be made with quartz carbon hardened or cobalt glass however the Incas did not know these materials because until today no tools of this type have been found in ollantaytambo the complexity of Ollantaytambo coincides with places like tijuana co puma punku-- or the great pyramid of giza 25 70 BC but these places are separated not only by thousands of kilometres but also for thousands of years in the history of time the only thing that can be said about ollantaytambo at this moment is that it's an ancient wonder it has buildings as impressive as any wonder of the world about Baalbek enormous blocks I believe these huge megaliths long predate the construction of the temple of Jupiter and are likely to be 12,000 or more years old contemporaneous with the megalithic site of Gobekli Tepe in Turkey I suggest we're looking at the handiwork of these survivors of a lost civilization that the Romans built their temple of Jupiter on a pre-existing megalithic foundation and that they were unaware of the giant hewn megaliths in the ancient quarry as they were covered by sediment in Roman times as indeed the newly discovered block still was until very recently the temple is one of the largest stone structures in the world some 26 feet above the structures base are found three of the largest stones ever employed by man each of these stones measures 10 feet thick 13 feet high and is over 60 feet long knowing the density of limestone permits weight estimates of over 1.2 million pounds some people with impressive engineering skills cut dressed and move these immense stone blocks from a quarry 3/4 of a mile away a walk to this quarry introduces the observer to the monolith an even larger block of limestone 13 feet 5 inches 15 feet 6 inches and 69 feet 11 inches the monolith weighs in at over 2 million pounds in comparison the largest stones used in the Great Pyramid tip the scales at only 400,000 pounds forget the ancient airplanes the ancient helicopters the world maps this alone should set the standard primitive man to advanced man and then to civilization scientific dogma on its ear there's no way that this stone can be explained by the science and history they teach us in school no technology existing today could move this stone much less transport it from where it was quarried the pre-existing stone foundation upon which the Romans built their temple at this site is half mile long on one side no one knows who built it there are no historical records although the local folks think it's a pre-flood city originally built by Kane after his banishment in his 1860 diary Scottish traveller David Hart wrote that he found the giant stones so enormous as to shut out every other thought and yet to fill the mind with only trouble the stones are unnecessarily large why would anyone cut and move them to build a platform unless they had the technology to do that easily you don't spend the resources of a kingdom to build a platform today's cranes could elevate such stones but they couldn't move them in theory you could design crawler cranes that would allow to elevate and transport the stones but for the purpose you'd also need to build a special road with perfectly smooth surface what if this ancient site was built by an ancient civilization that had in their possession advanced technology technology that's now lost a technology that even possibly helped create many other megalithic sites across the world are these ancient energy towers located high up in solutioning Peru the official version of sillustani is that it's a pre incan cemetery on the shores of Lake Ohio near puno and Peru the tombs which are built above ground in tower like structures called Chiapas are the vestiges of the Kula people who are Aymara conquered by the Inca Empire in the 15th century many of the Chiapas at sillustani shall pre-inca characteristics that were later redressed with inca stone blocks similar chapels are found throughout the entire south central Andes with the above ground burial styles going back at least to the mature tihuanaco period circa 500 to 950 the insides of the tombs were built to hold entire groups of people most likely extended families of the Aymara elite corpses were not intentionally mummified but in the dry environment created by the closed tomb they survived for centuries most mummy bundles indicate burial in a fetal position some of the tombs also have various animal shapes carved into the stone the only openings to the building's face East which is where the Sun was reborn by Mother Earth each day the architecture of the site is often considered more complex than typical ink and architecture in contrast with the Inca who used stones and varying shapes Ricola used even rectangle edges while Chiapas are not unique to sillustani and are found across the anti plateau this site is considered the best and most preserved example of them these findings are disputed by researcher Bren Forrester stating clearly this work was beyond the capability of the Bronze Age Inca so who made them and when the towers are constructed with tight-fitting stone with no mortar or cement like what we see at puma punku-- and many other sites in South America where advanced technology is evident after discovering energy lines running through the towers Forrester postulates that these could be high altitude energy devices but the purpose of these energy towers remains a mystery for now in India another baffling architectural marvel the Kailasa temple in Ellora maharashtra the world-famous temple is one of the 34 rock-cut temples that form the ellora caves why is it thought to have been built using alien technology the answer simple historians find it impossible to believe that such an architectural marvel was created entirely by ancient human beings the Kailasa temple is the only temple in the world to have been completely carved out from a hill it's for this reason that it's called a single stone megalith dedicated to the Hindu god Shiva the entire temple archaeologists believe was built using a technique that's now seen anywhere else in the world the technique used demanded massive quantities of rock be carved out to create the structure about 44,000 tons of rock was carved out to create this temple this would easily take centuries of labour however the entire temple is said to have been built in eighteen years that too using simple tools such as chisels and hammers the feat was achieved with a civilization which as per meager archaeological findings had limited technology and engineering knowledge a unique aspect of the temple is its advanced design systems like rainwater harvesting were thought of and built into the design of the temple something that centuries later we still have a problem implementing well the temple also has an impeccable drainage system apart from this there are bridges that connect different areas peoples to see people coming up and giant balconies built into the structure this means that everything to the tiniest detail had to be planned as it had to be carved out from the rock although widely believed to be built during the reign of rashtrakuta king krishna the first during the eighth century there's almost no recorded information about either its construction or its architects this again aroused the curiosity of alien theorists and archaeologists leading them to believe that the temple was indeed built using some form of advanced technology the temple is also perfectly aligned with the four directions a Google Earth image of the temple shows us that the structure is a rectangle whose entrance is perfectly aligned with the West the temple is also one of the only rock caves that can be seen from the air the roof of the temple is a huge circular design with four lions that look like an X from the sky there exist several wacky theories which claim that this circle was built to signal extraterrestrial life if all this is true and our ancestors did communicate with aliens then there's always hope that sometime in the future we'll get to experience the same it's truly mind-boggling to imagine what might have come out of that interaction the technologies of ancient civilizations continue to baffle scientific explanation like the pyramids and other megalithic monuments building nan Madol required a tremendous effort and expertise so that the substantial number of stones weighing anywhere from 5 to 50 tons could be moved and raised to where they were needed to erect walls 10 feet wide and up to 37 feet tall 250 million pieces of rock 700,000 metric tons had to be logged in from the quarry on the opposite side of the island the locals say that the ancient builders used magic a powerful magician living in the well inhabited region on the northwest of the island was solicited with sounds of varying pitch he made basalt logs fly through the air like birds and settle down in their appointed places the scientific theory about lugging the stones by water on bamboo rafts does not hold water while making a documentary movie about nan Madol for the Discovery Channel in 1995 all attempts to transport panels waving over one ton failed this cornerstone and Alice is believed to weigh up to 60 tonnes the peculiar location of the city raises another question why was it raised in the ocean waters and not on land each structure had to be built on a specially constructed artificial rectangle in the waters edged by long basalt boulders and filled with coral granules 92 such artificial islets cover the area why did the early Constructors come up with this impractical idea with the demanding labor of building artificial sea islands when there were so many natural coral reef islands there when they could have simply cleared the shore of palm trees why would someone build a city on coral reefs that rises only five feet above water nan Madol had no food or water available on the island one must go inland to gather water and grow food for the saw de leurs they were the supreme rulers the people had to bring them what they needed when the saw two lures were overthrown and the period of nana marques began the nana marquis lived at nan Madol but they hand together their water and grow their food themselves causing them to eventually abandon Nan Madol the materialists contend that the island inhabitants constructed the city using massive manpower rafts ropes and rollers they can't prove this because numerous attempts to reproduce such efforts have failed nevertheless like similar theories about the building of the great pyramids or Stonehenge which also cannot be recreated the theories are still touted as truth because after all there's no other explanation allowable in these scientists mythology physics math and engineering don't support the materialists as usual these still existing structures have been calculated to measure 750,000 metric tons if the total population of 35,000 were used 24/7 365 which could preclude any other activities like getting food shelter and raising children they might have been able to move 2,000 tons in a year an optimistic assessment at such a rate it would have required three centuries to complete nan Madol so what was the real purpose of nan madol and how did they make this place with primitive tools these questions have puzzled scientists for centuries this great archaeological complex is in the district of pisac province of Calca 33 kilometers east of the city of cusco there's a strange coincidence between the distances that unites pisac Cusco and pikillacta the distance between cusco and pisac is 30 kilometers and it's the same distance between pisac and pikillacta and also 30 kilometres from cusco to be khalaqtu when one joins the three cities along a straight line one forms an equilateral triangle this has sparked a great deal of speculation about why they would do this and if the inca were responsible for this incredible architectural genius the beauty of its walls which are made of huge blocks of polished stone with extraordinary symmetry and a unique mastery of stone leaves the visitor puzzled in many parts of this complex there's evidence of advanced ancient technology the Incas could not have shaped these stones with soft bronze tools on the shores of the will Kamiya the God's sacred river that runs through car stone streams to curb its fury one can see the light and shadowy lines of the peace on terraces the great city of doves a city of legend that was built on top of a blue rock almost in air to see more of the most beautiful cusco valleys wrote peruvian historian Alphonse Eenie Berrio nuevo of this ancient Inca city peace Ock is formed by a group of homes aqueduct roads bridges a cemetery walls and great terracing when antonio Raimondi the italian naturalist and geographer visited peace hawk he was astonished by the beauty of its walls and wrote the following what we must admire most in peace hawk is the fine carving and the perfect union of the rocks that are so well assembled that one can hardly see very fine straight circled or crooked lines as to demonstrate the difficulty of the cut and the wittiness of the execution from distance to distance one can see doors streets stairs towers quarters and living quarters suspended in the highest peaks and where the imagination of the most daring constructor would barely dare to raise a building there are no precise facts about the first settlement in this area but there's no doubt that tijuana coast worries and other cultures had a major cultural influence on the southeastern it's assumed that the entire area which later was occupied by peace hawk was already settled around the 10th and 11th centuries when the Inca boom began since it is fertile and productive lands that had to be occupied by one of the groups that originated in the area many researchers are starting to consider whether a more advanced ancient civilization was responsible for parts of this incredible complex as with most ancient sites in Peru the rough stone and clay mortar Inca construction was built on top of and around a much older and superior megalithic construction made of extremely hard granite and andesite who were these megalithic Master Masons another perplexing sight is what we called the Sarah Pam at Saqqara containing massive granite boxes which many academics believe were created during dynastic times however the boxes and the Sarah Pam are examples of what engineers such as Chris done have major problems with regards the conventional Egyptologists explanations according to the ladder in the 13th century BC can whassat ordered that a tunnel be excavated through the solid limestone bedrock with side chambers designed to contain large granite sarcophagi weighing at least 70 tons each to hold the mummified remains of prized APIs Balls manufacturer Chris Dunn is a man who knows what precision surfaces look like and he's been involved in making complex metal parts for the aviation industry for decades he studied the boxes of the Sarah Pam many times and has been able to measure the flatness of their granite and limestone surfaces using precise gages their characteristics show that their creators use the same tools and were blessed with the same skill and knowledge as those who created khafre's pyramid moreover the boxes in both locations are evidence of a much higher purpose than mere burial sarcophagi they're finished to a high accuracy their corners are remarkably square and their inside corners work down to a dimension that is sharper than what one would expect to find in an artifact from prehistory all these features are extremely difficult to accomplish and none of them necessary for a mere burial box the manufacturers of these boxes in the Sarah Pam not only created inside surfaces that were flat when measured vertically and horizontally they also made sure that these surfaces they were creating were square and parallel to each other with one surface the top having sides that are 5 feet and 10 feet apart from each other but without such parallelism and squareness on the top surface the squareness noted on both sides would not exist while it may be argued that modern man cannot impose a modern perspective on artifacts that are thousands of years old an appreciation of the level of precision found in these artifacts lacking in archaeological literature and is only revealed by an understanding of what it takes to produce this kind of work the accomplishment in prehistory deserves more recognition nobody does this kind of work unless there's a very high purpose for the artifact even the concept of this kind of precision does not occur to an artisan unless there's no other means of accomplishing what the artifact is intended to do the only other reason that such precision would be created in an object would be that the tools that are used to create it are so precise that they're incapable of producing anything less than precision with either scenario we're looking at a higher civilization in prehistory than what is currently accepted clearly the techniques used to produce these features has been lost to modern science yet it's good evidence that an advanced ancient civilization existed worldwide on this planet [Music] [Music] you [Music]
