Peculiar Ancient Megalithic Civilizations Hidden in Plain Sight | bonus Documentary Box-set

[Music] the megalithic structures found at many sites around the world have generated endless controversy as to how they were built eight archaeology conventional books and museums lay out a neat and understandable chronicle of prehistory and history through the ages this timeframe of human life starts out they say quite primitive and slowly and gradually becomes more advanced until we arrive at the modern age it's neat orderly but fails to take into account the whole truth from megalith wonders with no conventional explanations to outright evidence of advanced technology these mysterious archaeological finds confound the experts and will continue until we the public figure it out in multiple parts of the world centuries before the modern age says these things are possible you'll find amazing construction techniques engineering feats that cannot be reproduced even by today's standards these archaeological mysteries will seriously call into question what you've been told about history buckle your seatbelt Dorothy because Kansas is going bye-bye Peru is one of those places that smashes all the records when looking at lost advanced technology ancient machining softening of hard stones or gigantic megaliths it has it all some of the most perplexing ancient mysteries are all confined to the cusco sacred Valley think big think weird think extremely difficult technology the main thing researchers have a problem with is the precision saw cuts with all the questions swirling around these stone cutting ability of the ancient people before the Inca whoever they were the fact is people interested in the mysterious archaeological finds around the world always seek for additional evidence or proof of unusual happenings and abilities at the all eatin tombow archaeological site in the mountains of Peru there are so many amazing walls temples and other structures that demonstrate these abilities of doing the impossible however just looking at an entire wall of smoothly fitting stones with no gaps or crevasses despite not using mortar does not prove anything about how they were built questions are abound there are no answers that make sense although some are offered by mundane historians and archaeologists that never explained such things mere attempts to explain away another curious stone construct sheds more light on these questions the walls and buildings are made from andesite which is a very strong and hard stone that would be virtually impossible to cut with bronze tools when you take a closer look there are multiple places where it looks like someone used a saw possibly a power saw to cut the rock apart one instance shows a lump of rock still attached to the block a deep and incredibly straight and narrow cut is halfway between the lump and block it looks like somebody wielding a very precise tool was stopped halfway through his job to go attend to something else the exceedingly straight line in the block above the lump sticking out also looks as if it were cut with a very strong precision instrument if you look at it another way why would a stonemason make a very narrow line between the block and lump instead of just taking chunks of the lump until he could chisel away the side to make it smooth this would not be the normal way of doing things if working with a hammer and chisel made of bronze instead the skinny line of the cut would require a very narrow blade or saw to remove the material from the block for such an ancient people who existed there even before the Inca to do this type of stonework with basic bronze tools is quite fantastic and technologically startling the mortar 'less eleven sided and fourteen sided stone of ancient Peru in the hilltop fortress is near Cusco a large city in Peru resides an ancient empire there's so many examples of large stone blocks fitting seamlessly together in walls and buildings this type of unbelievable building skill also shows up the downtown section of the city right in the middle of the everyday modern life that people in Cusco enjoy it's more amazing to watch the amazement in people's faces it turns from confusion to all and really provokes so much curiosity they go away never the same what makes these stones so interesting is that they come from a time before Inca were in power there archeologists and historians insist that sites like olanta tombow and sex i human were constructed by the Inca people even though the Inca from the arrival of the Spanish insist otherwise it was an inheritance the unique eleven sided stone you may see on a tour of the city walls is often attributed to the Incans as well this is the expected and popular recantation that people give up debating however this megalithic wall comes from the time before recorded history in that area there are other pieces of evidence that do not fit the accepted timeline of the Incan people this amazing stone and the entire wall are just a couple of them what makes this wall in the eleven sided stone within it so fantastic when most ancient people constructed walls they nut square or rectangular blocks of stone and fit them together as neatly as possible many of course used a type of mortar made from mud or clay to fill in the gaps between the blocks this stone is not a rectangle instead it has 11 precise and perfect sides that are carved as such an amazing smoothness they fit with the surrounding rocks perfectly without the use of mortar of any kind the stone blocks are so tightly fit that you cannot poke a pin or even a piece of paper between them another fine example of 14 sides are situated nearby and there are quite a few cases of eleven signs this type of precise wall building technique is also seen in the mountainside fortresses already mentioned however it's not readily seen in other instances of pre-incan construction many of their walls are made from field stone or smaller chunks of andesite laid in the usual way of rock walls this includes placing larger stones and then filling in the gaps of smaller ones if the pre Incans had such an amazing stone building power to create form fitting 11 sided stones why did they not use this incredibly strong and impenetrable construction technique in all their important buildings why are these stones dated to a civilization older than historians know the Inca people to live and why did this amazing stone working skill vanish completely after the Spanish conquest succeeded at every site we seem to see two layers of construction from different time periods a great example of two different cultures layering two completely different styles of construction together lies at the temple of ollantaytambo yet another location of advanced stonework lies in cusco sacred valley it's proved impossible to explain so far huge trapezoidal slabs of pink granite with earthquake shims form a wall whose original quarried blocks came from another mountain just the transportation to the site of the blocks cannot be done today without extreme modern machinery and possibly building a road this just ignites researchers and imagination expectedly run wild mainstream archeologists and historians described this location as part of the governmental seat of Incan civilization and was also used as a fortification during the Spanish conquest period it was again always portrayed as an inheritance site the unbelievable strength of this fortress city gives it the distinction of being the only location where the Indians were able to stave off the attacks by the Spanish unfortunately that did not last very long and the Spanish ultimately conquered all of Peru looking at current day photographs of this archaeological wonder helps you understand how the mountainous position and gigantic stone walls could help with this battle almost everything about these ruins is massive and mind-blowing you need to walk up a massive staircase with tiered levels to even reach olanta tombow then when you get to the top you can see a wide array of mysterious and unusual stone walls and carvings there still exists a walled property of temples ceremonial fountains terraces and baths and high storerooms that provision safe these were made from field stone instead of quarried limestone the face of Viracocha the Incan High God is carved into the rock side of the mountain a closer look at the megalithic architecture again begins to create questions in your mind about the otherworldly skill and precision represented here one Rock is almost seamlessly laid atop another or unusually shaped stones fill in odd spaces between larger ones with no gaps between there's evidence of trapezoidal construction that demonstrates a much higher degree of skill than the rough stone and mortar used in other parts of the complex this sprawling fortress high atop the mountain ringed with unbelievably precise walls with multi-ton stones and edged by tall terraces stands as a monument to both building and engineering especially by today's standards that seems beyond the realm of human ability sex I humans perfect fortress Allah machu picchu may be one of the world's most famous mountaintop sites Peru also boasts a nearby fortress called sexy human near the city of Cusco the name itself means royal eagle and it can be easy to picture those majestic birds soaring above the massive walls that line the green hilltops the area itself is approximately 3,700 meters above sea level and covers more than 3000 hectares everything about sex a human is huge the mysterious pre-incan people who left this legacy disappeared long ago around the 1400s fortress outside the main city of Cusco was Rhian habited by Incas for protection or ceremonial purposes archaeologists have found pottery here which may seem to indicate that people lived at the site as well however questions arise when you examine these rock walls of sex a human more closely there fashioned from grey stone called andesite or UK limestone well this is not an exceptionally hard type of stone the Incans who inhabited only had bronze tools to work with which worked quite soft when it comes to metal tools the capacity to carve stone is not outside of their reach but they don't claim this work they say their predecessors did it the incredible perfection of these walls seems almost beyond human ability what makes the walls of sex a human's perfect fortress so remarkable first those who built it were apparently quite knowledgeable about earthquakes and the strength necessary to stay in them the massive foundational stones were not laid on the ground like with normal walls instead they were dug into the hard ground approximately 12 feet they can withstand anything that did not literally split the mountain apart do not take this lightly it would literally take the mountain to split in two to destroy this fortress many walls have been made in antiquity with regular sizes and shapes of rock held together with clay or other mortar rock walls without mortar are also still standing today however nowhere else is the incredible masonry skill demonstrated so well than it this fortress the blocks of stone are not merely rectangular instead each one is uniquely shaped to fit so perfectly with the others adjacent to them that you could not slip the proverbial piece of paper between them the some of the massive stone blocks way upward of 125 tons theories abound about how the ancient pre incan people were able to create walls with such amazing precision some say they used templates to carve the rocks into perfect shapes others suggested grinding down the stones with sand and water even more believed that there was no reasonable way that people with bronze tools or otherwise could accomplish this amazing feat of building technique it's so advanced engineers accept it would be almost impossible today it would take so much effort and resources the highest paid engineers in the world accept defeat in answering the Enigma machine saw cuts also appear at Sacsayhuaman besides the amazing degrees of perfection that you see in pictures of the walls and buildings at Sacsayhuaman there are other mysterious pieces of evidence that seem to prove the existence of power tools it's unbelievable enough to believe that the precise angles and curves of the well-fitted stones were made with basic bronze tools many hundreds of years ago besides some local limestone the main stone variety used in these pre incan ruins is an igneous rock called andesite it's grey modeled and appears around certain types of volcanoes that were once active in Peru in fact andesite got its name from the Andes Mountains while different regions or formational volcanic behavior changes the final form of the rock andesite is usually extremely hard 7 on the Mohs hardness scale this would make carving with bronze tools extremely difficult if not impossible in most cases bronze itself only stands at 3 on the Mohs hardness scale although forming it into tools may have made it stronger still it does not seem possible to shape the stones as they did with tools like that besides the precision fit of many used in the walls and buildings up there in the mountains there are unused boulders that show exact angled cuts as well these could be the source stones that others used to create the walls were taken from from a fantasy point of view it's like someone had a lightsaber carving up cube of rock for fun the mystery remains about who or what cut the stones with such straight lines and edges it could be considered an anomaly if there were only a few instances of cutting and grinding that look like they were made with high-tech tools or machinery however the entire site is filled with examples these are not seen in earlier ruins and anything that came after the Spanish conquest was built very differently and inferior although the gigantic and extremely heavy stones that make up the walls surrounding the temples and baths are perhaps the most obvious examples of extreme engineering smaller pieces of evidence there are the grounds there are carvings in the temples water spouts and waterways to fill the baths and waterfalls and well-defined alcoves or niches cut into the flat rock walls whatever mainstream archaeologists described as a truly impressive but ultimately inexplicable incan fortress is not so readily understood or dismissed when you give it a closer look were these ancient peoples supernaturally gifted with the ability to carve stone with soft bronze tools to such exacting dimensions or did they have some long-lost technology or machine tools that gave them this power when it comes to Machu Picchu with its unique location and mysterious history it's so intriguing to everyday people archeologists and historians alike the name itself translates into ancient mountain in fact the massive stone walls and ruins of Machu Picchu are also a lot more than the accepted 550 years old suggestions about the original purpose of this impressive building project vary widely some say it was a fortress intended to preserve the Incan royalty and their subjects in case of an attack others believe it was the high-class but everyday home for high-level Inca people it could also be a type of getaway resort for the elite who lived in nearby Cusco the first mystery is basically trying to figure out who lived there and why it became more popular than other sites due to the Spanish invasion and conquest of the land other mysteries including a high percentage of temples and spiritual buildings why were the people who live there so devout or interested in religious ceremonies approximately 200 remains have been found in Machu Picchu but there's no indication if they live there full-time or were merely pilgrims who came in very spiritual retreat while the history of Machu Picchu is intriguing on its own the mysteries that surround it are even more so the ruins sprawl around the mountain top looking somehow like a natural part of the living stone beneath it the buildings and walls are made from granite some blocks are 50 tons or more and would have to have been lifted up from below to start construction the biggest mystery is how did relatively primitive people without steel tools manage to cut the blocks with such a high degree of skill and precision what granite is particularly hard stone which makes this feat of Engineering that much more amazing there are some walls and structures with stones fitting so neatly together that you could not push a pin between them these types of precision construction techniques were most often seen on the lower walls or the lower parts of walls more diverse and jumbled construction was layered on top of it did the people there somehow forget how to work with stone so well or did the mysterious pre-incan helpers who show them how disappear Japan is of no exception to precision high cut advanced stone masonry the Imperial Palace wall is a mind-boggling wonder reminiscent of Peru style yet a mysterious stone object lies amidst the bamboos in a village called Asuka in Japan there are other unusual shaped stones like this in the area the largest one is called the rock ship of Masuda or Masuda no afuni in japanese this solid granite structure measures 36 feet long 26 feet wide and 15 feet tall the calculated weight is approximately 800 tons when you see it it's quite obviously not a natural formation not only are the long sides of the stones carved in unique curved shapes but there are rectangular openings in the top just over 3 feet square these are only found on the largest specimen the tops of these are set somewhat into the surface of the giant rock and grooves angled downward on either side instead of being perfectly smooth with no evidence of construction at least one of the stone ships have cut out block designs on one side that show where it would be later smoothed out although the stone ships in Asuka Japan are quite impressive as objects questions still arise about their purpose indeed the largest one does look shockingly like an alien craft that's crash-landed in the forest when nearby historical evidence is considered some people surmise that they're part of a buddhist monument or some fantastic burial mounds in the years around 250 to 550 bc more unique explanations include seeing the stone ship says astronomical guideposts or markers for celestial observations perhaps the ancient japanese were looking upward on their pure brightness holiday a lunar calendar measurement that signaled the start of the planting season or these megaliths may have been part of royal tombs both ideas are regular refuted by skilled historians in the end the Masuda know you a few nay remains a mysterious artifact from long ago that has no obvious purpose or source the archaeological evidence has come to light that connects these stone ships to nearby burial mounds astronomical studies buddhist temples or anything else instead the people who visit and view their pictures online can enjoy using their imagination to fill in the blanks about this unusual ancient find in present day Lebanon lies an ancient wonder that many people from every corner of the globe come to see instead of a great temple or piece of artwork the stone of the pregnant woman in Baalbek is famous simply for its size this massive block of limestone is the largest monolith ever carved or cut from stone anywhere and at any time on the planet this large rectangular piece which is also called the stone of the South is almost 20 meters long 6 meters wide and 5 and a half meters thick it's now protruding from the sandy soil at an angle which makes it the perfect platform for interested tourists to hike up and down with these measurements and an understanding of the stone from that area the total weight has been calculated somewhere over a thousand tonnes who carved out this megalith from the ground and what was its purpose mainstream researchers say that it was carved by the Romans with the intention of transporting it to their Sun worshiping temple complex approximately 900 metres away the Halle appleís does indeed contain some very large and heavy stones but nothing on the scale of Baalbek spiller from Baalbek which was the site of an ancient civilization before the Romans ever showed up to the obvious Roman influence with temples and other buildings more questions seem to arise than answers perhaps the answer that current people seek should look beyond the mundane and the expected many mysteries from long ago are found in Egypt where the ancient people built a fantastic civilization out of the sand located some distance away from the iconic pyramids lies an area called Sakura here archaeologists have dug up a unique building with massive black boxes that remain sealed to this day the site was originally excavated in 1850 its maze-like passageways meander under the ground into large arched chambers these types of finds are not exceptionally unusual for the land and upon which the ancient Egyptian civilization stood what is unusual is what the archaeologists found within these walls raised high atop massive blocks of stone rests 25 gigantic boxes shaped like coffins they're fashioned smoothly from black granite instead of being pieced together with various chunks and shards the entire box and lid of each were carved from a single solid piece of granite the lid fits neatly atop the boxes with high degrees of precision weight estimates for these coffins are approximately 100 tons each the massive size of these boxes is unusual enough however more mysteries around the site whoever or whatever the boxes were for must have been quite important as the black granite came from Aswan approximately a 1000 kilometer journey many workers must have been involved with their carving placing not to mention the construction of the tunnels and chambers themselves however unlike in many of the temples and tombs found in the area there were no discolorations due to smoke or flame from torches or lamps when the people who found them and others open the massive black coffins they found that they were quite empty this raised even more mysteries and suspicions why would the Egyptians go through so much trouble of making 25 huge coffins with nothing to bury inside of them local Egyptologists who tend to follow the government line claim that the boxes were made for sacred bulls this would put the construction back during the later days of the dynastic times when Egyptians only used bronze tools scientists suggest that carving black granite with this degree of accuracy and smoothness would be impossible with that softer metal who carved the black coffins of the Sarah Pam why were they interred empty and the maze-like halls of an underground structure why were there no hieroglyphics or carvings on any of them or the wall surrounding them in the long list of Egyptian mysteries this is one of the most enigmatic inside the Hathor temple supposedly built thousands of years ago by the Egyptians exists a curious carving that shows certain things that have no earthly place in the ancient temple this unique picture has come to be known as the Dendera light since the temple it's found in rests in a larger complex by that name there are actually three different examples in that place of ancient Egyptians using something extremely similar to what appears to be electrical lighting in lightbulbs while the mainstream archaeological and historical communities come up with alternate claims about what these carvings depict open-minded people cannot argue with these similarities between our current knowledge of electricity and lamps and the pictures inscribed on the walls by people long ago the most prominent of the carvings has the image of an unusual humanoid being standing on the right and holding aloft a pair of ceremonial daggers its face is lizard-like and it has a prominent tail on the left side of the carving stands a classic depiction of an Egyptian man holding a very unusual device between them smaller people or perhaps children sit on the floor and interact with each other what's the unusual device the man is holding the base looks somewhat like a flower but also very much like the flared end of a modern light bulb attached to it is a long curved bulb shape with a snake-like filament inside if that did not appear to be a light bulb on its own the base also has a long cord coming out of it and trailing across the floor to an upright box near the lizard like being in the background is an object that looks very much like a transistor could this be evidence of mysterious ancient technology that was not thought to exist back in those times the carvings appear to depict some sort of special meeting or a speech with the spotlight being shown toward the right hand figure imagine the power of a god-like race coming down and bestowing such amazing objects on the early Egyptians these depictions of the Dendera light can open the path to new understandings another out-of-place artifact found in Egypt was discovered in the Karnak temple instead of something overt and showing a carving of a lightbulb this mysterious evidence demonstrated the existence of highly refined power tool usage researchers who were looking around the temple complex to learn how it was built and other information discovered highly unusual holes drilled into the very heart pink granite during the dynastic period in Egypt workers used bronze hand tools to cut and carve stone and do all the other wonderful things they did while many structures and objects created then work quite impressive and building them with bronze tools must have been very difficult the drill holes found in this stone are virtually impossible and it was not just one discovered drill hole that began to raise questions there are many in evidence scattered around the site one large example has a very large drill hole in half a block of granite with smooth perfectly curved sides and a flat base other evidence of power drills and high-tech drill bits included straight and smooth holes dug straight into the granite additional research showed that not only was it possible to drill into the stone using hand tools but the drill holes themselves showed evidence of rotating drill bits they have spiraling grooved lines that you could even get with modern drill equipment the difference however is startling these spiral lines are approximately 2 millimeters apart since each one indicates a complete revolution of the drill this small measurement indicates that the drills that the ancient Egyptians use were on power or even better at doing their job than the ones we use today in Karnak in other places nearby these neat drill holes show up in many different types of stone while there can be a sufficient argument for certain techniques in softer stones like alabaster others like granite are much harder and would require the exceptional effort and unique widely unavailable tools in order to achieve the end result these simple artifacts of the Egyptians engineering and building methods point to out of time technology or the assistance of beings much more advanced than they were when all the mysteries of ancient Egypt are combined we have quite a collection of things that mainstream archaeologists would rather not reveal to the world despite the generally accepted knowledge that the people of ancient Egypt were not in possession of advanced technology there continues to be more and more evidence that they somehow had access to things they should not have one such piece of intriguing evidence comes from the Abydos Temple this important building was fashioned as were most in the area from sandstone it held many carvings inside of information about the Pharaohs and stories about their lives originally the template carvings for the pharaoh seti but more information about ramses ii was added later there's evidence that the temple was used in Egypt for quite a long time inside this ancient egyptian temple is a particularly large slab of stone that's positioned to hold up the heavy ceiling this makes it a very important piece of construction and is quite possible that would have carved very important information there along with some common motifs of plants animals and insects there appears to be a very clear depiction of a helicopter an airplane and what could be described as an unidentified flying object or UFO of course the Egyptian authorities have another explanation they insist this is evidence of palimpsest which means that a later artist carved over an existing image and some of the original work is still visible well this certainly did happen throughout history and in ancient Egypt the results looked like expected hieroglyphics and images of recognizable things associated with that long ago civilization here on the important stone in the Abydos temple you see not one but three out of place and out of time flying machines could it be just by chance that the person carving the stone managed to make a helicopter plane and UFO accidentally it gets more difficult to believe in the palem test hypothesis when you look at the entire collection of mysterious artifacts locations and legends about ancient Egypt if there were flying machines thousands of years ago in Egypt it would certainly alleviate some of the mysteries surrounding their building technology and their legends of gods and goddesses with wings as more archaeological mysteries out of place artifacts and evidence of machine engineering far back in time come to light we rewrite the history that mainstream education taught us each perfectly fitted stone unbelievable hieroglyphic and seemingly impossible construction open our minds a bit further to the ancient wonders of the world how are they created where did the ancient people get their tools and knowledge the idea that all ancient people lived primitive lifestyles with limited knowledge and understanding is constantly challenged by new discoveries and insights it's time to reveal the truth delve deeper into the archaeological and historical mysteries all around the globe and understand that the mainstream information is not the whole story of the human past olan take tombow and the incredible megaliths one of the greatest mysteries of the past is the enigma of the great megalithic builders how they were able to build these enormous structures why does similar megalithic structures appear all over the world and did the ancients build these structures with primitive tools or did they use some sort of highly developed technology similar to our own modern-day technology engineers all over the planet are fascinated by the enigma of the megalith builders yet archaeology has it all explained away with copper chisels which nowadays just doesn't wash anymore people want answers to the methods they may have used whether ingeniously simple or highly complicated whether highly advanced ancient technology or lost ancient techniques we just can't comprehend Cusco and Peru and nearby puma punku-- and Bolivia are two such places that hold many of the answers to some of the puzzling enigmas of ancient megalithic engineering Tiahuanaco features enormous stonework that the ancients created with high precision at a difficult altitude Machu Picchu the icon of Peru is only one such place we're amazing enigmas with giant megalithic blocks perfectly cut and articulated what can only be perceived to be high-tech engineering far beyond what the ancient Incas were capable of doing the conventional theory of how the ancients cut stone and created these artifacts is the use of copper chisels or copper implements these methods just do not fit the evidence and cannot create the artifacts the way that they were created it's just impossible to do that people with historical backgrounds are the ones that dictate this was done by hand yet engineers and architects laughing at the chiseling by hand methods the awe-inspiring megaliths of ollantaytambo if anyone plans an archeological visit to Peru the three sites they put on the list include Machu Picchu sex a human and olanta tombow in the popular culture it seems that Machu Picchu remains the most enigmatic and interesting to tourists looking for something mysterious and unique only take tombow exists merely as a place to get on the train to head to that lost city however a closer look is warranted as this location offers a view of interesting aspects of Inca and pre inca megalithic building many engineers flock to ollantaytambo to see evidence of the work that was done in these huge polygonal walls that simply looks impossible many are now calling them pre cataclysmic walls that don't match any known building technique concept it's impossible that bronze tools were used and it's by far one of the best examples of the stone most likely haven't been softened or in some kind of cold plasma state when it was applied the seams or joints are very strange following very difficult curves they would have to be somehow engineered to have this perfect of a fit you can imagine if these two stones were already there and had been placed and this was softened right when it was placed on top the weight of the material would have basically squashed the material along joints then when you contemplate that it's not just two joints but the wall is produced to perfection meeting three or four stones simultaneously there are no known tools that can maneuver the large polygonal material it's just not feasible with today's technology and it cannot happen with people chiseling suggesting it could happen is preposterous if you've seen the pieces so they fit together so perfectly we see lichen growing on these blocks which takes eons to grow but you can see how good the joints were before it eroded you can even see or imagine the change in texture between the surface and the joints it's like when it was soft somebody came along and just smooshed it out right and you can see the stones in between the stones like it's fused it's like it's fused between the stones looking at all this it's no wonder why people are so obsessed to figure it out how is it done why was it done and what technology did they possess let's begin with what we know about this mysterious place olanta tombow all in Titano can be loosely translated as a place to seed down which may have a similar meaning to a watch tower or overlook combined with the catch a word for a storehouse or in many stories surround the founding of this town and its takeover by different people throughout the history of the Inca civilization it might have been constructed much earlier and rebuilt by the panic attack when it took over most of the megalithic structures found there are supposedly the responsibility of these people another possibility for the meaning of the name seems to indicate that a hero named ollanta who as many stories passed down orally as most Inca stories are this strong warrior rose to power and prestige by not only being a brave fighter but by also having a clandestine affair with the royal princess a man of his station would not be legally allowed to marry into the royal family due to this slight and inability to be with the woman he loved allanté supposedly raised up a rebel group to launch a fight that lasted nearly ten years the story continues to describe his capture after he was tricked into coming into the city under false pretenses before Ollantaytambo got its name because of this story it was called taka rattan poo which means either the house of windows or house of the dawn although the name is quite similar the place has nothing to do with Pocket Tumbo which is a later town near Cusco unfortunately some historians and tour guides get this wrong and claim that the latter location was the birthplace of Inca civilization when it was actually founded after the Spanish came to the shores the false information actually comes from Spanish journals created by one Sarmiento who wrote about this smaller town in the 1570s when scholars took a closer look they realized that this was either a mistake or a false story designed to keep the true Inca story to the people themselves and not allow the Spanish to know all their secrets the real house of the dawn has always lay in Oland tech Tumbo instead the story surrounding this unique place go in many different directions due to its importance back near the beginning of Inca society it may have had more importance than Cusco did itself it may also have existed before the capital city was built or chosen as the main location a book by Salazar's the Cusco and the sacred valley of Peru writes that a great leader appeared after a large flood and came to Cusco after having been in Timbo and talking to the people there chalupa or the courts ins knowledge was engraved on a staff and given to the people of that region the story continues in the 1600s with jalan de Santa Cruz Patrick cooties tale of two new paths magically turning into gold for a new royal baby in the Tambo City this man called manco capac carried the golden staff up the mountain and found Cusco himself both of these stories indicate that olan two Tombo was the birthplace of the inca society instead of someplace called Tawana coup which is another popular choice for the origin story this idea is also backed up by laka de castro in the 1540s this is considered one of the earliest Spanish writings about Cusco and how the Inca came to be the general story indicated that manco capac came from the Sun directly climbed out of the window of a great house climbed up the mountain and founded the city of Cusco it speaks of the sacred valley a journey past the great river that flows through it and an arrival at tombow after leaving the shores of Titicaca the progress once arriving at ollantaytambo seems to begin in the basement of the house of windows journeys upward through the house until the man finally emerges from an upper window the so called house is really quite a much larger structure that includes the pyramid shaped terracing of the entire hill this is not part of any regular tour for visitors of ollantaytambo for the most part these old stories are not part of the ordinary historical record and the house structure is not clear or even thought to exist these stories do match the structure however and that the winter solstice Sun shines quite brightly through the upper window this symbolizes the emergence of manco capac and forms a large part of Inca spiritual beliefs and Sun worship interpretations of the story and the positioning of the Sun in relation to this house change from one historian to the next for salazar it seems obvious that the sun shining through the window indicates how their focus of worship illuminates the earth and delivers heroes to them the house of the dawn both speaks of the beginning of the day when the Sun rises and also the beginning of Inca civilization when the sons of the Sun rose to power in the region many people did not agree that ollantaytambo was the original site of importance for the Inca people instead of the more well-known cusco it's not as impressive visually does not seem to be as well thought out or planned but it is older and has many features that match the stories of the Inca origins in general the Inca civilization is believed to existed from around 1100 to 1533 C II when the Spanish arrived in that time more than 100 rulers existed which has been documented by one Juha hill TuneIn Eve records manco capac is the sixth king in the succession although there are four other people by that name listed throughout history just as modern-day Royals or important families frequently named their offspring after great ancestors from the past apparently the Inca did too this does not mean that every Mong Kok Epoque was in the same family line the name simply carried a lot of prestige and respect among the people other more subjective factors in the idea that ollanta tombow is the birthplace of Inca civilization come from its massive size position and structures it's one of the largest areas that covers over 600 hectares its agricultural terraces are some of the largest in Peru records exist of unique farming activities that produce new types of seeds given to the Sapa Inca rulers as gifts already unique stonework is visible along the trail past the terraces this path is one of the places where evidence of instruction in different times and possibly by different people exists the stones on the left seem to have come from the temple of the Sun originally they have unusual shapes with precise angles and joints these left hand walls show considerably more advanced or skillful stone cutting than the ones on the right this is one of the most easily compared spots that allows visitors to see how the stone cutting ability changed over the years the left has multifaceted rocks that fit with no space between them while the right has ordinary rocks positioned with mortar as you continue up the staircases even more mysterious changes come to light at the top of the climb the walls of trapezoidal niches carved into them these are commonly seen throughout Inca architecture as places for perhaps urns or statuary a trapezoid shaped door is topped by inca stonework that does not show the precision of the rest of the wall the temple of the Sun has simply massive andesite stones as part of its construction these are estimated to weigh more than 40 tons each and many people wonder how they were put in place originally at the top of what many people call Inca Thrones which are merely platforms with arm rests they could have been used as seats for royalty or other important people for ceremonies or other purposes if you sit there you'd get quite an impressive view of the mountain and valley beyond in fact the pinko UNAM mountain features an Inca built structure that would be visible from the Thrones if you use a pair of binoculars or a telescope other smaller buildings are scattered around it the most intriguing feature that would be visible from the Thrones is a massive face formed by a combination of natural mountain features and some refinement by human hands the stories indicate that this is a profile of to napa the great teacher who passed down his knowledge to the early Inka people within the Sacred Valley he walked across the land carrying a staff wearing a long robe and sporting a beard some stories indicate that his skin was quite pale but some historians believe this was an addition put in place by the Spanish in an attempt to set themselves off in a place of power when they arrived their janaba was also called Veera Cochin which should not be confused with Viracocha the Creator God again some stories attempt to create a correlation between the two but most are quite separate Viracocha existed before the Inca mythology adopted him as their main deity sometimes his name is also spelled wera kocha and he can go by other names as well he created the world the Sun and the moon the oceans and everything that makes up all material and beings on earth the face of Veera cochon or to Napa is not associated with this God instead it's the man or teacher that supposedly founded the Inca civilization he's a pilgrim a superhuman with special knowledge an astronomer and one who understands time the people who helped carve the face and construct the buildings on the mountain created a sanctuary that sits atop the head as a type of crown from certain perspectives which the builders would have had from their lofty prominences it appears that this important man gaze directly across at the temple of the condor in the inca art to Napa sometimes as features similar to a serpent or a bird which are even more prominent in the Maya and Aztec traditions who believed in Cole Cole Caen and quetzel Codel respectively as it's seen in many ancient civilizations one borrowed information and ideas from the next to fill in the gaps in their belief systems and histories when so many groups exist around the same time and locations it makes sense that they would share some cultural aspects buildings and structures up the mountain would have taken a lot of effort a very large labor force and a long time the stones could have come from the mountain above or across the river from quarries the Temple of the Sun which is made primarily from pink granite was never completely finished the quarry was only about four kilometres away when compared with some distances that rocks removed or other construction projects this seems like a relatively short distance however in the ancient world with no wheels or beasts of burden this distance is quite far enough to affect the rate of building there's no indication that the construction of the temple stopped because they ran out of time or labor why it was never finished remains a mystery the most common understanding is that the Spanish arrived and things like building fancy temples became of limited importance in an attempt to survive and protect themselves from the invaders an interesting thing to note is the assortment of tired stones that stand between the quarry in the building site these were probably abandoned in place when the construction was halted to focus on other things different sub positions have been made over the years about how the rocks were cut transported and worked into position some suggest that the first Boulder was shaped and placed the next was suspended on wooden scaffolding well it was carved to fit the perfect shape below and then it was lowered down into place gradually the precise work may have used straight pieces of wood or hanging strings with weighted bottoms to act as measurement tools that would trace the outline they could have knocked larger pieces off stones first with their hammers before scraping and chipping with even smaller stones to get the final precise shape transporting the boulders would have been enough of a challenge in itself all of these questions have no definitive answers even today historians do know that the Inka used stone hammers and bronze chisels to do the work however they do not seem sufficient to work with the exceptionally hard andesite or granite that made up many of the structures these ideas simply will not work because the tools are not hard enough to make the changes to the rocks needed for the precise joints how can a relatively soft stone hammer smooth out a giant stone without getting destroyed the process the answer to this question is interested is torian's and architects for many years one such man named jean-pierre prancin tried to mimic the inca stone carving methods and wrote about them in the late 1880s first scientific american he surmised that the inca had a simply massive workforce who did not view time in an average workday the same way that the Spanish would when they arrived he also suggested that the Inca would simply try out a series of river rocks or other different types of stones from the mountains to see what would work fast at chipping and polishing the large boulders these ideas don't seem to have any true basis in fact well there's no doubt that the Inca civilization had a lot of people in it at its height we do not know how large their workforce could have been in these early years near olanta Tumbo also what do you mean by no concept of time or an average workday undoubtedly people still slept at night and work during the day there's plenty of evidence that shows the Inca people understood seasons as well stone hammers and random River rocks could not have shaped pink granite from the mountains into the massive half dozen slabs that still stand as part of the temple of the Sun today they consist not only of massive pieces that would have been very difficult to move into place but also smaller slabs in between them that fit nearly perfectly no one could have done this work with the bronze chisel or pan sized Rock if someone attempted to do this kind of work with these tools it would have taken an exceptionally long amount of time and the whole region around the mountain and olanta tombow would have been littered with bronze chisel remnants or broken stone hammers when you look at precision be nearly earthquake proof construction techniques of layering the granite and the tired stones abandoned on the way from the quarry to the mountain the overall picture seems to indicate that the project was started by someone before the Inka and stopped not when the Spanish arrived but due to some cataclysmic event that destroyed an understanding of different types of tools and methods the seeming importance of the methods used to create walls that would withstand many tremors may indicate that the people who built them experienced more earthquakes in their time than usually happened in that region of Peru today well any earthquake could be catastrophic to a relatively primitive society just as it is to people today if they were exceptionally rare new construction techniques may not have been developed however when you look at the walls of the temple or any other structure created in and around ollantaytambo you see that they have unique features that would particularly make them safer in the event of an earthquake it obviously worked as they still stand today of course not everything is in pristine condition from its original placement to walls of the temple appear to have fallen or crashed down at some point the other two walls were reinforced behind with earth which obviously served as some sort of protection against any tremor or other natural disasters that would have befallen the mountain likewise the fallen or tired stones were not left in a convenient pile as if the workers placed them before moving on to other purposes instead they were scattered or tumbled across the landscape as if they fell due to an earthquake or other catastrophe one of the most obvious explanations for this time of tumultuous upheaval and many more earthquakes and natural disasters the normal word to come from the end of the last ice age over ten thousand years ago this period changed the climate sea levels and much more about the earth in sudden and often disastrous ways if a civilization existed here before then it's quite possible that they were destroyed due to the upheaval and associated catastrophes their building methods may have been lost forever and then when the Inka showed up remained forgotten in favour of much easier and tool friendly construction techniques from the temple of the Sun no other gigantic megaliths exist there are plenty of examples of Inca architecture itself the temple of the condor is one example the 2-dimensional pyramid that appears 3-dimensional from one particular spot is another this optical illusion is most obvious from the Sun gate or inti punku-- the early adventures the Salazar's who were mentioned above identified the pyramid illusions when they explored the area around the temple of the Sun many years ago the deliberate construction involves two massive walls that align with the river in the valley and the Inka Road the third side of the pyramid does not really exist instead it's an illusion created by the surrounding fields and lay in the land combined with fields constructed lower than the ones around them so that these solstice Sun casts the pyramids shadow approximately on the ground indicates an extremely precise and time-consuming project there is no doubt that the Sun factored into all income beliefs and spirituality in a big way they consider themselves the children of the Sun and that a sunbeam turned to a man began their entire civilization to put the origin story very simply it makes sense that one of the earliest buildings would be called the temple of the Sun and that the surrounding structures and landscape would be manipulated to glorify it this location would act as not only a spiritual or religious center but also a place to formalize the succession of one Sapa Inca or royal ruler to the next if the journals of Fernando de Montesinos are accurate most of these rulers seem to hold power for approximately 25 years since there were 100 of them listed again if this is true the temple pyramid and other buildings may have existed for over two millennia before Cusco was built of equal interest and importance is the temple of the condor on the western side of ollantaytambo a bath still remains that leads from the temple of the sun to the one that focuses on the avian symbol-- of the heavens for the inca people as mentioned previously the inca had an idea of three planes of existence heaven the world where people live and the underworld the Condor is the symbol of the sky in the heavens which makes sense since great birds would soar almost out of sight overhead after traversing this path between the temples climbed down a few stairs passing a large andesite wall with various strange features not found anywhere else in the area these stones have protrusions or knobs that are carved out and aligned with notches that are carved into the stones below them the uniqueness of these features presents another mystery in the massive collection of mysteries about inca and megalithic building first of all as this hard stone wall uses the precise shaping techniques found elsewhere it's unlikely that the Inca themselves created it however it's unknown why the early builders would have made these particular stones with knobs and niches some hypotheses include the idea that they were used to lift up the stones either by hand or with ropes but it does not seem to make sense because more stones would have these two other suggests that the Sun at the Solstice would hit these knobs just so and create either a pattern or a shadow a pointer to the niches or some other important feature that's currently unknown in fact these cells our book seems to indicate that these summer and winter solstices did cast shadows towards the corresponding niches in the other stones this may have simply been a decorative feature focused on Sun worship if you continue down this path and go around the corner you come to what some historians call a quarry however this is simply not a place where andesite was removed from the ground yes there are blocks carved from the bedrock that were probably intended for use in the construction of polenta tombow and the surrounding structures although erosion seems to indicate that they're newer than other stones used in the temples and walls these exquisite carving techniques still seem impossible for the Inka with their stone and bronze tools mundane archaeologists credit the Inka with these and all other stone cutting and construction in the area still logic dictates that they would not be able to do these things other locations of the quarry near the temple of the Condor show rougher cuts and carvings that indicate unfinished projects or perhaps practice of new techniques or for apprentice stone cutters some locations simply have cubes removed from the ground others have carefully carved staircase shapes with no purpose or destination stones are piled up precisely and fit together with as much precision as seen in the megalithic and other walls below however these are more like practice projects than any part of an actual structure signs of Inka work exist here too you can tell the difference because of the perfectionism and intricacy of the earlier carving compared to the rather rough and imprecise style of watch the Inka could do with their softer tools it seems in many places that the Inka attempted to recreate what the people before them could do but could not figure out how to do it this left them with many practice stones and jumbled piles that really serve no purpose the temple of the condor was constructed with impressive precision however the general bird-like shape was probably due to natural geography the intelligence of whoever built these two temples the illusionary pyramid and all other structures in and around ollantaytambo cannot be denied these mysterious people use techniques and tools lost to history before the mighty Inca civilization even showed up [Music] [Music] the mysterious sex a human complex has recently been given the title of most mysterious ruin on earth with this bold statement comes conjecture but everyone has their favorites the Great Pyramid of Giza and its high-tech construction the Neolithic monument of Stonehenge in England and the ancient ruins of Baalbek in Lebanon with their colossal foundation stones what has sex a human got to offer in this League of baffling ancient structures just about everything enormous blocks quarried advanced distances intricate inexplicable stonework that no engineer or architect can figure out and it's true age purpose and builders remain lurking in the shadows of history waiting to be discovered every technically competent person with a vocation in the field of engineering or technology leaves this place completely puzzled and inadequate to apply their skills to solve the mystery the Spanish were completely stunned when they saw the place they were perplexed on the construction abilities seeing it for what it was a technology they didn't yet possess many were seriously unhinged until they left trying to settle the issue a sign from the gold and silver that adorned the walls of temples which they took with brute force of course they eventually landed at the site above the cusco city called sex a human which depending on the source you consult either means head of the puma head of the Falcon though the former carries more weight since it's well known amongst the oral traditions of the Inca that the city of Cusco prior to Spanish occupation in 1533 was formed in the shape of a puma with sex a human forming the head in the north a more recent meaning through native guides in the Cusco area for sex a human is head of completion or place of completion this would be a spiritual name and understanding what astonished the Europeans and does with visitors to this day was the size of the hewn stones that make up the first tier of which there are three of the zigzag wall and surroundings the largest weighs upwards of 125 tons and is almost 30 feet tall 12 of those feet being buried in the ground and thus forming a very firm foundation necessary to keep the wall stable as cusco is a very seismically active area it is and was not only the size of the stones but the fact that they fit precisely together without any kind of mortar and that each stone is unique in shape and volume more complex than any that the Spanish had seen in their European homeland how good natives have achieved what the patriarchal Spanish had not was their question the answer is very depending what source you consult as most of the Spanish chronicles of the time and soon after tend to have a bias tinge to them and the most famous Inca account was written by the half Inca Garcilaso de la Vega who left Peru in his early 20s and wrote his historical account in Spain under the watchful eye of church and state one must sift through very very carefully a common statement for the inca sources of the time was that the megalithic aspects such as the giant zig zag wall were built by giants prior to inca occupation which occurred around 1100 AD and/or by the mysterious Viereck Cotchin people who had pre-existed the Inka Inka construction did of course occur in the area but as we shall see later on the scale and craftsmanship of the work does not compare with what I and others regard as the work of far earlier and more sophisticated megalithic builders this is in no way meant to disparage or simplify the Inka and their accomplishments but a careful look into the archaeological record clearly indicates that the tools found could not have shaped the stones being of a hardness of 6 to 7 on the Mohs scale 10 being diamond why is this the Inka knew of metallurgy obviously because they worked gold and silver which turned out to be their downfall at the hands of the Spanish they also shape tools weapons and ornaments out of copper and copper alloys such as bronze which is abundant in the islands of Peru the local Andes Mountains are volcanic iron is present in the form of iron oxide and is plentiful in the tell-tale red soil of the area but there's little indication that the Inka were capable of smelting it copper and bronze chisels are reasonably common in archaeological digs but that material is so soft in comparison to the andesite basalt and granite stones used in the ancient structures at Sacsayhuaman and around cusco that one strike would take any cutting edge off the chisel and repeated blows would simply bend it stone hammers were also employed but in order to remove material of any kind of efficient way from the stone andesite basalt or granite being shaped the hammer would have had to have been herder meteorite material tools as well as those of hematite and iron pyrite have been found and averaged six on the Mohs scale which is more or less or even softer than the stone being shaped these tools no matter how many workers were employed and over how many generations most likely did not create the zigzag wall at sects a human and many other buildings structures and shaped outcrops that we shall explore as stated the Inca clearly built at the sexes a human sight but no historic accounts that I found indicate how the giant stones which make up the wall were moved shaped or fitted together the quarry from which these stones were brought is estimated to be approximately 35 kilometres away but the question arises how would anyone have moved them the natural answer would be wooden rollers made from tree trunks but prior to the arrival of eucalyptus from Australia specifically the blue gum variety in the latter half of the 19th century there were no large straight native trees and abundance Western scholars who have attempted to explain how the stones were moved from the quarry shaped and fitted into place have the following to say the stones were rough cut to the approximate shape in the quarries using River Connells what they were then dragged by rope to the construction site a feature that at times required hundreds of men this quote was written in 1600 more than 60 years after the fall of the Inca sea ensign de Leon who visited sex-ay home on two times in the late 1540s mentions the quarrying of the stones their transportation to the site and the digging of foundation trenches all this is conducted by rotational labour under the close supervision of Imperial architects however how could sense a de Leon have witnessed the construction in the 1540s when the Inka fell in 1533 I hope that what you're starting to see is that descriptions of the construction of such sites like sex a human are in the realm of speculation after the fact to add insult to injury here's another Vince Lee is an author architect and Explorer who has studied and consulted on various ancient sites where people moved large megaliths he theorized that the blocks at sex a human were put into place by carving them and then lowering them into place the stones would have been precisely carved in advance to create the tight joints made to fit into prepared pockets in the wall then the stones would be towed up a ramp and above the wall where they would be placed on top of a stack of logs the gloves will be removed one at a time to lower the stones into place in contrast prot zijn a professor of architecture has shown he says how the Inca built long and complex ramps within the stone quarries near ollantaytambo and how additional ramps were built to drag the blocks to the construction above the village he suggests that similar ramps would have been built at sects a human ludicrous analysis is ensued to present-day it's beyond being unlikely that the tools in the archaeological record could not have achieved with the above theory speculate upon and thus it leaves the great zigzag wall of sex a human a mystery to this day but it's only one of the many amazing examples of what I regard as lost ancient technological accomplishments at sex a human not to mention the city of Cuzco and beyond for us to explore Inka period constructions can clearly be seen if you walk up to the third tier of the zigzag wall there off to the western side recently this area has been cordoned off with ropes due to archaeological digs but this may not be the case if and when you visit what you will see our small blocks of stone often two or three levels in height and reasonably well shaped the tell-tale white dots on the stones indicate where stone Inka hammers have been used for the final finishing these are often called bruise marks if the Inka had shaped the giant megalithic stones of the zigzag wall these bruise marks would be all over the surface of each stone but this is not the case some bruising can be seen but it's not a consistent fashion the wall sections with the small stones is Inca but not the rest you'll see a large circle of low-lying stones this shows you where a large Tower once stood torn down by the Spanish as well as all other Inca constructions in the area the reason why the Spanish took the Inca buildings apart and not the massive zigzag wall was because the stones of the Inca structures could be easily carried away and tended to be cube shaped and thus could be incorporated into colonial buildings since Spanish Mason's were used to working with square shapes this was the case in Cusco itself where the Inka period buildings which tended to be made of stones small and squared off or field stone could easily and quickly be used to construct walls and since the Spanish knew how to use concrete which the Inca did not in fact close inspection of the colonial buildings shows you that the spanish masons sometimes used concrete mortar of more than an inch in between the set stones and this accounts for their weakness when it comes to earthquakes which is frequent in cusco the concrete is softer than the hard andean stones and thus crumbles during a tremor while many of the Inca buildings were designed to withstand earthquakes and the pre inca megalithic structures do not waver and have not for thousands of years proposed inca stonework and later spanish repairs using mortar following the siege of cusco in 1556 when the puppet high Inca called Manko Inca set in place by Pizarro in order to appease the native population decided to burn cusco to the ground from sex a human by volleying flaming projectiles the Spanish rebuilt the city sex a human and other sacred structures were destroyed block by block to build the new governmental and religious buildings of the city as well as the houses of the wealthiest Spaniards in the words of Garcilaso de la Vega behalf Inka writer to save themselves the expense effort and delay with which the Indians work the stone they conquistadors pulled down all the smooth masonry in the walls there is indeed not a house in the city that has not been made of the stone or at least the houses built by the Spaniards sex a human is an enormous site and much larger than the zigzag walls and structures that lie or once did on top of it it spreads out to the north and east by probably hundreds of hectares in fact new archaeological studies keep extending its size so no one really knows how large it is when viewed from the southern and southwestern hills one notices that the whole of the hill on which it rests rising above cusco is terraced but the terracing is so covered by foliage over the course of the last 500 years that stone walls some being massive megalithic ones may be yet to be the cusco expert of the megalithic structures of cusco and the sacred valley hey-zeus gemara whose father alfredo preceded him showed me the interior of a restaurant partway down the flank of sex a human here we saw a truly megalithic wall and a Zeus insisted that the entire hill is an ancient megalithic pyramid kept by sex a human and far older than the Inca traveling north from the zigzag wall and across the grass field where the yearly Inca rebirth of the Sun spectacle called inti raymi is held on June 24th mainly for tourists but also a profound celebration of Inca majesty and culture you'll face a huge exposed bedrock mound with stairs leading up onto it this is where we find our next amazing example of lost ancient technology evidence it's called Sunnah in Quechua but I don't know what it means in English the average local tour guide will tell you based on information indoctrinated into him or her from the Western archaeological based tourism school that you're looking at Thrones use during Inca times by the high officials of the Inca civilization to observe festivals happening on the grassy plain you just walked across the problem with this idea is that the Thrones face West while the grassy parade ground is to the south causing the Inca to wrench their necks in order to observe the pageantry far more logical is the idea that this was a calendar of some sort either solar or lunar or both solstices and equinoxes seem to line up with the thirteen steps there and of course thirteen is the number of moon cycles in a year however it's unlikely that the ink is shaped it again the stone here is the ever-present andesite with hardness of six to seven on the Mohs scale and heavily layered with even harder quartz crystal did they can use it most likely but did they shape it doubtful one thing to know and keep in mind is that the amazing megalithic structure in cusco the sacred valley of peru and elsewhere are rarely in isolation where you find one you will often find others in proximity and this is perhaps especially true at sects a human ollantaytambo in the sacred valley and machu picchu one thing to endeavor is to call the structures we find by their native Quechua names whenever possible and basically refuse to use any Spanish ones as they're often tainted by Catholic influence the original names of the megalithic places will most likely never be known so the inca ones will be the best we can find in some instances the english will have used for those places to which i don't know yet their Quechua names one case in point is a rarely thankfully off the worn tourist route visited spot still used today for ceremonies called in English the temple of the rainbow as the spanish name translates as the devil's door moving further to the north beyond the 13 finely crafted Thrones and following a trail slightly to the left we encounter a fine example of extremely ancient cut out flat and vertical surfaces again referred to by local guides as yet more Inca Thrones this is called the Inca graveyard by most guides which may be true the area was only excavated in the 1990s I believe and complete skeletons in the fetal position were found but were the Inca the amount of erosion on the heart andesite stone presumably from rainfall would indicate that much more than 500 or so years if passes these surfaces were shaped and there's no evidence of tool marks one stone seemingly snapped into three gigantic sections is especially intriguing not only because it appears to have been snapped by some gigantic catastrophe but also because it appears to be upside down this may indicate though not yet proven that the violent upheavals that seemingly occurred somewhere in the region of 12,000 years ago resulting in the ending of the last ice age of the ice sheets and causing a global rise of the oceans by approximately 350 feet could have caused this and this could add to the evidence that we're exploring here beyond this area you will see a large circle awesome towards the north this is usually explained as having been a ceremonial place which is probably the most overused term used in Cusco and the area aside from the dreaded other one sacred place or place of meditation these terms are used when the guides or the archaeologists can't come up with a more authentic and coherent explanation and why I consult people with knowledge of oral traditions to illuminate me if you truly spend time looking at this circle you'll see that there were far more stone rows in place prior one would guess to the Spanish invasion the stones still there which are quite close fitting as the size of the Spanish would have prized them for their own building purposes and thus took them away to Cusco oral traditions thanks to knowledgeable experts like hey-zeus Morello suggest that during Inca times this circle was a reflecting pool filled with water in order to study celestial bodies evidence supporting this idea you'll find if you walked to the east inside the circle once you get to a solid bedrock wall an opening will appear before you this is in fact a tunnel which you can walk through vent over as it could easily have carried water it may have been the drain for the giant reflecting pool as for where the water came from Cusco gets a lot of rain and the Inca or masters of water diversion mainly for agricultural purposes but also pools since the western area has been massively altered since inc at times no signs of water entrances remain but the circle is a very damp place during the rainy season of November through March one of the most intriguing and seldom explored places is next and again you must walk north along the trail after a few hundred meters you'll see a massive boulder as large as a house in front of you closer inspection shows that literally the entire surface the sides and top have been sculpted again not likely by the Inka but a far older culture this is called the Qin kana stone the mysterious process used to remove cube like pieces of andesite from the bedrock you'll also have seen at the Inca graveyard and is described by hey-zeus Gemara as having been done based on his father Alfredo's theory by the anand pocha or first culture li first or as they call it Anan pocha culture or those responsible with shaping the bedrock removing the cube like chunks and were also the makers of structures which were constructed from unique polygonal blocks such as the zigzag wall of sex a human as well as some others we shall encounter in this journey the second which they term Horan pocha were a later second culture who made the super tight fitting walls of more regular sized stones a prime example of this we'll see at the core Concha which was the spiritual center of the Inca and lies in the heart of central engakuji oh the third culture called the gamora's akan pocha include the Inca as well as the Huari or War II who were the dominant people of the Peruvian Highlands prior to the rise of the Inca their workmanship is far more inferior to the two earlier cultures and could have been achieved with bronze chisels and stone hammers the earlier ones no way in the Inca oral traditions the anon of Anan pocha refers to the highest of three worlds and levels of consciousness in the Inca frame of mind and is represented by the Condor bird the ear on pocha is the middle world and refers to the mid level of consciousness who animal representation is that of the Puma cat and the akan pocha is the lower or underworld whose symbol is the serpent called Amaru in Quechua condor our english word is derived from the Quechua guntur and Puma is Oscillation word özil pocha means earth or world the most popular use of pochet today is the term Pachamama which means Mother Earth and one of the most famous of the high Inca the one who expanded the Inca world called tahuantinsuyo for sections of the Inca world was pachuco Tec his name in English translates roughly as the earth shaker or the one who turns over the world this awesome coincides with the Quechua term pachi cootie which is a cycle of time being 500 years and means when the world turns over this is in reference to the Inca way of looking at cycles of time a dark period of five hundred years is followed by a period of light the last patch akuti was 1992 when we entered the period of light the previous was 1492 coinciding with the first expedition of Christopher Columbus as regards Oren pocha the term Sapa Rumi is used Sapa is Quechua for high or refined and usually used to refer to the ruling member of the Inca family in society and for oak and pocha simply inca will be the term of choice the supper-room II I regard as a culture which came after the now pock Rumi and the former maid the constructions we see which have extremely tight and mortar --less joints these include the famous polygonal megalithic walls of sex a human and the cube like constructions of the coricancha in Cusco the Incas seemingly tried in some cases to replicate the supper-room he works though could never match the precision and their most common form of building was with field stone and clay mortar around the east side of the chincana stone a large slab is broken off and its to cover an ancient staircase which leads down to a tunnel this is not hearsay or myth a gentleman whose daughter owns a restaurant that I frequent in Cusco worked for the archaeology department of Peru previously called the I NC and now the Ministry of Culture and he helped excavate and clean up many of the ancient sites around Cusco in the sacred Valley its statement and those of others that he personally climbed down the staircase prior to 1992 when the government sealed it off he descended 60 metres and was met with a labyrinth of tunnels high enough to walk through upright the main tunnel leads two kilometers south to the court Concha which I mentioned briefly before it's been said by eyewitnesses that the exit point of the tunnel is below the quarry Concha but the Catholic Church who now owns the quarry Concha and has done for almost 500 years prohibits anyone from entering it why because it's dark splits off into sub tunnels and you'd get lost the name for the tunnel in Quechua runa Simmi is Qin kana hence the nearby stone as the same name due to its proximity according to recent studies archaeologists state that the killke culture built the older sections of the site approximately a thousand years ago what an interesting fact here is that the Inca themselves believed the site was constructed by an earlier unnamed race of people led by a powerful God who descended from the skies throughout history there's been witness to a god named virococha that visited the South American people and blessed them by giving them all types of Technology and knowledge what's very interesting are some of his physical characteristics that make him stand out from the indigenous population not like the typical guy you'd find in that part of America he was a very tall pale-skinned and white-haired being so he was completely different from the indigenous population is it possible that Viracocha was a visitor that gave the ancients technology and the necessary knowledge to complete the tasks lay ahead of them in some stones at sex a human we see some marks that seem as if they were dissolved so you have these massive blocks of stone from 50 to 100 tons cut and shaped almost perfectly and they're placed so tightly that you cannot fit even a piece of paper in between them some of these stones have signs of large amounts of thermal heat applied onto them to mold them into places so they could fit in the way they do an interesting fact is that according to legends a winged creature was actually responsible for the construction of this site and it was this bird that carried some of the chemical substance that was capable of melting stone sex a human means the head of the Falcon our such Titanic blocks of stone brought to the top of the mountains from quarries how many miles away how are they cut and fitted how were they raised and put into place no one knows no one could even guess there are archaeologists scientists who would have us believe that the dense hard andesite rock was cut surfaced and faced by means of stone or bronze tools such an explanation is so utterly preposterous that it's not even worthy of serious consideration no one ever is found anywhere any stone or tool or implement that would cut or chip the andesite and no bronze ever made will make an impression upon it we know that they possessed a lot of knowledge of mathematics and science and that they were very accurate at stone carving still this theory seems almost a little too far-fetched the stones at Sacsayhuaman are huge the precision needed to create a wall with no mortar where you can't even slip a piece of paper in between the cracks at any point even with templates chiseling and polishing would have been extremely difficult and taken an inordinate amount of time the other problem with this theory is that the stone has been vitrified even with the cutting and polishing the builders still would have had to fit these huge megalithic stones into an equally megalithic furnace and vitrify them at temperatures upward of 1,100 degrees this of course would have messed with the precise carving and if the stones had been carved after being vitrified and polished then we would see obvious tool marks on the stone where the glass-like surface was cut away there's much more to explore in the sexy human archaeological site but as far as we can tell we've covered the main points for you here to reiterate the main point of the enigmatic mystery the stones used in sex a human fit like a puzzle without the help of any kind of mourner the lace is so exact that in many cases you can't even insert a sheet of paper there are stones up to 8 and 1/2 meters high and almost 200 tons of weight even today it's not known what they did to move such a large rock in sex a human there are two tunnels or shin Kaunas one of them is a short route and is open to the public the other however remains closed it's said to lead to the core Concha the one thing that we have to remember when we're looking at the incredible structures like Stonehenge or sexy human or the pyramids is that the ancients were not just cavemen they were not any more or any less intelligent than we honor they were human just like us and incredibly ingenious and resourceful enough so that they created huge feats of engineering with primitive technology that we with all our computers and microchips and science are still struggling to understand [Music] [Music] [Music] you [Music]

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Id: ee7p_my0bM0

Length: 97min 19sec (5839 seconds)

Published: Wed Jun 03 2020