Glycolysis Pathway Made Simple !! Biochemistry Lecture on Glycolysis

in this video we will study about the process of glycolysis the work like ah lysis is made up of two words the word glyco means glucose and the word lysis means break down the glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that involves systemic breakdown of glucose to produce energy and the glycolysis takes place in the cytosol of the cells first we will have an overview about this process and then we will study about the various reactions involved in glycolysis of one molecule of glucose which is a six carbon compound is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate which is a three carbon compound and in this conversion energy is released in the form of ATP and NADH the pyruvate formed is further utilized in various energy producing pathways that produces more energy the process of glycolysis takes place in two phases in the first phase the glucose is first converted into two molecules of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate since this conversion involves addition of phosphate the first phase actually uses energy instead of producing it in the second phase the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is converted into pyruvate and it is in the second phase energy is actually produced now let's look at the various reaction involved in the glycolysis so it all begins with a molecule of glucose that enters the cytosol and the first reaction that takes place is conversion of glucose to glucose 6-phosphate the enzyme that catalyzes this reaction is called hexokinase the word hexo means six denoting the six carbon compound glucose and the kinases are a group of enzymes that catalyze the phosphorylation reactions so the enzyme hexokinase transfers a molecule of phosphate from ATP to glucose and converts glucose to glucose 6-phosphate in this reaction ATP is converted into a molecule of ADP hence it utilizes one molecule of ATP next the glucose 6-phosphate is converted into its isomer the fructose 6-phosphate by the enzyme isomerase this is a simple rearrangement reaction in the next step the fructose 6-phosphate is converted to fructose 1 6 bisphosphate that is addition of another phosphate group as the first carbon of the fructose ring this reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme phosphoric token is another kinase enzyme which transfers a group of phosphate from ATP to fructose 6-phosphate and again ATP is converted into adp hence another ATP is utilized in the reaction next the fructose 1 6 bisphosphate is split into two molecules the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate these both are 3 carbon compounds and the enzyme that catalyzes this reaction is called aldolase these are reactions compose the first phase of the glycolysis and as you can see energy is actually utilized in this process in the form of two ATP's the two compounds glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate are actually isomers and can be interconverted into each other by the enzyme isomerase but since the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is further utilized in the process of glycolysis the equilibrium of this isomerization reaction is always towards the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate also keep in mind that every molecule of glucose is split into two molecules every reaction of the second phase happens twice and produces twice uh products in the next reaction that glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is converted to 1 3 bisphosphoglycerate this involves addition of a phosphate group at the first position of the phosphoglycerate the enzyme that catalyzes this reaction is the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and in this reaction nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide which is the coenzyme is reduced to NADH which is further utilized in the electron transport chain to produce more energy also this reaction utilizes a molecule of inorganic phosphate the 1 3 bisphosphoglycerate is converted to 3 phosphoglycerate by the enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase this kinase enzyme transfers the phosphate group at the first position of phosphoglycerate to adenosine diphosphate and in this process a molecule of ATP is generated next the 3 phosphoglycerate is converted to 2-phosphoglycerate this is a simple rearrangement reaction that happens with the help of the enzyme phosphoglycerate mutase next the 2-phosphoglycerate is converted to phosphoenolpyruvate the enzyme involved is in a lace and magnesium ions are also utilized in this reaction in the final step of the glycolysis the phosphoenol pyruvate is converted to pyruvate by the enzyme pyruvate kinase the phosphate group at the phosphoenolpyruvate is transferred to ADP and converted to ATP this all composes the second phase of the glycolysis and as you can see energy is produced in the second phase of the glycolysis now let's first look at the net reaction of glycolysis and then we will understand it in brief we have one molecule of six carbon glucose that splits into two molecules of three carbon compound pyruvate there is a net utilization of only two ATP's since four ATP's are used in the second phase but two ADP's are also produced in the first phase there is a net use of only two ATP's two molecules of inorganic phosphate are utilized in this step two nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide are reduced to nadh molecules in conversion of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1 3 bisphosphoglycerate this was a brief overview of the process of glycolysis I hope you find this video helpful thank you so much for watching this video like our channel on YouTube for all the upcoming videos and make sure to LIKE our channel on Facebook for flashcards and upcoming notifications

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Keywords: Glycolysis, krebs cycle, energy, pathway, cycle, emerygy, animation, video, krebs, najeeb, armando, glycolysis song, glycolysis crash course, glycolysis animation, glycolysis cycle, biochemistry, biochemistry major, biochemistry lecture, glucose test, cellular respiration, biology

Id: 8qij1m7XUhk

Length: 6min 37sec (397 seconds)

Published: Wed Nov 23 2016