Future of Medicine | Daniel Kraft | SingularityU Japan Summit

[Music] singularity singularity there we go somewhere I got there very nice to be here this is my third time in Japan and it's a such an incredible country and people and ideas and energy and a lot of obviously innovation that's applied to health and medicine and what I want to cover in this 45 minutes or so is give you a taste of what is the cutting edge of technology and how that's being applied to the medicine of today and the medicine of the near future and also hopefully have you think about what you can do in health and medicine even if you come from other fields outside of biotechnology in medicine because many fields are moving quickly even exponentially as you've been hearing about here at the Japan summit and those can be applied to healthcare and new ways and and of course healthcare is a whole spectrum from our own health and wellness keeping ourselves healthy health span exercise diet nutrition it's diagnosis picking up disease early rather than late it's new forms of therapy that are more personalized and less expensive and less toxic and we can also apply new ways and new technologies to globalizing health democratizing healthcare around the planet and even a role in discovery we can all play a role in helping reinvent medicine might being part of clinical trials crowdsourcing new thoughts and new innovation and of course as I mentioned Japan has a great history of many great biotech companies pharma companies medical device companies some of them are here in the room today and I think these companies and many of you here have the opportunity to take some of the new exponential technologies and move us into a new brighter healthcare future but when we look at healthcare today it sometimes feels like we're stuck in the past or back to the future you know I went to medical school at Stanford I did my training at Harvard at Massachusetts General Hospital these are their I was 20 years ago and when I go back and visit Mass General Hospital today 20 years later it's still sometimes feels like it's back in the 1880s the ward the ward where I spent my first month as a brand brand-new young doctor hasn't really changed much in 20 years has the same alarms beeping maybe some of the same patients maybe some of the same nurses they're still using the cutting edge medical communication tool of our day the fax machine to communicate you know so even in great hospitals like Mass General Hospital or Stanford or many of the hospitals here in Tokyo and around Japan I would argue we're still thinking about healthcare like we have in the past and we have a new opportunity to rethink and reimagine healthcare particularly using the Japanese mindset I was interesting to know that Japanese like visiting the doctor four times more often than than Americans I don't know four times and you live a lot longer so that helps I never see the Japanese markets very important the number three health care market in the world but you have opportunities and challenges with the aging population and many of the integrated societies and technologies to really I think rethink and reshape healthcare into the next generation and that that future medicine doesn't need to look like today you know where you sit in a waiting room and wait for now or to see the doctor whether you're in San Francisco or here in Tokyo those things can change with some of the new mindsets and technologies we've been exploring here today and around the theme that's on the nametag to remove the old silos healthcare is very siloed it's siloed by medical specialty by body part right we used to think we still see doctors by what part of the body as opposed to the molecular biology or the genetics of the disease so many new opportunities to rethink healthcare and frame it from where we are today sick care to true health care now what I mean by sick care sick care is the way we practice today we get little bits of information maybe a blood pressure an EKG maybe you have diabetes and you're sending by fax machine your blood sugar numbers to your doctor so the data we get is intermittent and very episodic and therefore were quite reactive we wait for that heart attack or stroke or I'm a cancer doctor for the cancer to present at late stage late stage three or stage for the future of Medicine combined with technology is to be much more continuous with our data and then much more proactive and for all of us to be integrated with that information not just waiting for that information to come to our doctors and to move the needle from sick care to healthcare and even to sort of optimizing our health and wellness along our healthcare journeys so it's a little bit of framing about moving from sick care intermittent and reactive to the future of continuous and proactive healthcare okay so as we think about the role of technology technology is important and of course many amazing technologies are here today many of them developed here in Japan it's not just the technology it's important it's the mindsets it's the incentives it's not just having robots but who pays for them how do we change the incentives because in in Japan and in the United States the incentives are really to treat the sick we spend most of our healthcare dollar and folks who already have disease the opportunity is to shift the incentive to taking care of ourselves and our patients early and prevent preventing disease and we have a whole new mindset for doing that because the way we're paying for medicine and many parts of the world doesn't pay for doing more procedures more biopsies more surgeries but pays to keep people healthy or to have better outcomes this idea of a value-based care and that also means we can change where healthcare happens it's no longer just happening in the hospital and the clinic in the emergency room but increasingly healthcare can come to our homes to our phones to on to our bodies to inside our bodies and even to our you know corner pharmacies so where healthcare happens how we pay for all these new technologies are set to shift things dramatically that includes meaning that each of us is empowered as a consumer to understand how much a drug cost or a device or comparing one hospital or one doctor to another there's sort of the yelps or the the rating systems for doctors and all of this is coming quickly right we're now in 2017 it was only ten years ago that the first you know smartphone came out that was ten years ago this next month of the first ones launched Facebook launched out of universities ten years ago Airbnb was still a mattress company ten years ago that the world has dramatically shifted in ten years what might we see in the next ten years in healthcare well a lot of it of course rides on these magical technologies we've only had for ten years this is actually an antique this is my iPhone - right it's it was it looks an egg it's an antique now but at the time it was very good and of course next week we're gonna hear an announcement about the iPhone 8 and we'll see where those go they keep getting better and faster but these of course have become medical devices and we can integrate more sensors and more communication in these it empowers each of us to be our own physician in some cases and of course these ride exponential trends we've been talking a lot about Exponential's and gives us a new lens to think about where these might take us because of course the laptop of 2000 now if it's on your smartphone benefits on your smart we now of course have computers the size of a grain of rice all of them are becoming connected the Internet of Things is turning it into the Internet of medical things and the speed of networks we're moving from 4G to 5 g 5g isn't going to be twice as fast or ten times as fast it's gonna be a hundred times faster so many of the new internet of medical things we hear we see the omron devices or on display last night are gonna be connected at high bandwidth and can it provide potentially very important information not just about our cities and our homes and our environment but about our health and our continuous health care as well so this new ability to connect data and information is often linked to a new era of health care called connected health or mobile health or digital health I think those are all buzzwords soon we'll just call it health but we don't call you know digital banking or digital movies but it's gonna enable us to connect new forms of information from apps to devices to drugs this is a snapshot of the digital health landscape for many applications and here in Japan there are many companies as well in the digital health space so I encourage you to try them out some of them are okay some of them are great just like in any field but it does give a separate ability to now reshape how we access information we manage diagnostics how he managed therapy and again many of those are riding exponential waves now when you're thinking about Exponential's in health care don't just think about Moore's law think about what you've heard about here already artificial intelligence blockchain 3d printing virtual reality a nanotech all coming together and converging into that convergence point that we really have the opportunity to rethink and reimagine healthcare from the rising costs to addressing our aging populations to how do we manage all the data coming at us we have lots of data but data by itself isn't useful we need to make it actionable information we also have challenges with our friends the regulatory bodies in the United States this is the FDA here's the FDA are our insurance companies lots of challenges even when we have great technology we need the regulatory bodies and the policy and the incentives to match moving those things forward so of course many challenges here particularly the aging population is requiring new ways of thinking about managing prevention diagnostics and therapy and of course many of us from singularity come from Silicon Valley the home of uber which used to be the favorite example of exponential technologies if they haven't had a very good PR month or two but think about uber they could not have existed ten years ago they're an exponential company they they didn't invent the smart phone GPS online payments they connected the dots and of course have transformed transportation they're even disrupting themselves with self-driving boobers that are in pilots some of us had a ride yesterday in the robocar very disruptive build it's scary that you know we think about the future of taxi drivers but what about the future of doctors and nurses being sometimes replaced or augmented with these sorts of approaches uber themselves is actually now rolling out something called circulation so patients can get to clinics and hospitals easier and even uber has tried a app called uber health where you press a button on the app and a nurse comes to you to give you a flu shot there's also a Burres for health when you press a button on the app and a doctor or nurse comes to you I'm not sure what kind of doctor begin a doctor and the idea though is that we can use some of these new lenses the ability of getting what we want when we want it in healthcare as we move forward from drugs to insurance to all these elements coming in very disruptive forms even Amazon is getting into the pharmacy business so lots of new players are coming to disrupt health care from insurance companies using apps to drones so it's imperative to all of us whether you're in a health care technology company or not to think about getting out of our old silos and old mindsets and particularly in healthcare coming at it from new perspectives to Oberer yourself before you get Kodak all right all right so I have been lucky to be the chair of medicine at singularity University since it started and what's been interesting is about as almost everybody who's come to singularity University has been very interested in healthcare we have we look at global Grand Challenges and our summer programs but half of the new companies that have come out of singularity University have been focused on healthcare and because of that interest I started a program six years ago now called exponential medicine where we bring not just doctors but patients and technologists and investors together across the health care spectrum to look at the future of medicine so every fall we get together now at the in San Diego the website is exponential medicine calm and we spend four days looking at the future of medicine so I encourage you some of you to come join us this November 6 through 9th the group everyone Xterra scrubs we've gotten so big now we have to take our picture from a drone there's our drone picture here we turn the sound up make sure the sound is on and it's a great place if you go to exponential medicine become a lot of talks and resources are there about the cutting edge of healthcare and technology ok we're now going to look at four areas and how they apply to healthcare today health and prevention Diagnostics therapy and discovery so let's start with health prevention we all want to live long and healthy lives we're gonna hear more from Raymond about genetics which are very important but it's our behaviors that are actually the most important part of our healthcare journey and now we can start to understand that the most risky behaviors bad sleep about diets smoking lead to most of our chronic diseases and conditions and we can now in this day and age start to measure our behaviors how many of you are wearing a Fitbit or some wearable device anyone have one how many have one at home and your drawer you lost the charger okay anyway most of you have some of these embedded in your phones and watches these technologies are moving very quickly they don't just track steps and sleep anymore they can track all sorts of behaviors we're seeing sensors being shrunk into our pills I can tell when you took your medications so we're now entering an age where we can start to quantify and measure almost any element of human behavior in healthcare and use those in not just our homes and for sports but in clinical settings as well and many companies many old companies are coming into the space Philips is now making a whole set of digital devices Nokia which got knocked out of the phone business is making digital health tools and of course Omron this year has a whole set of amazing devices for blood pressure and blood sugar and wristwatches and and beyond so many new folks coming into the digital health space and it's not enough for just us to collect this data and own it ourself the data many of us are native geeks we can connect collect our data we'll look it on our watches quantify itself it's moving to an era of quantified health with that data from your blood-pressure cuff and scale and sleep monitor is going to connect your doctor and your healthcare team so you can better measure your behaviors and your and your measures so you can do better management diagnostics and therapy and if you go to England now the National Health Service there start there's trying to pay for some of these technologies as part of the insurance I wonder where here in Japan where you're gonna get prescribed a wearable device or will connect a blood-pressure cuff I hope that's coming soon so here's a few examples of things that are do exist today there are already watches out that can detect your heart rate and of course and start to pick up disease we're seeing blood pressure devices from Omron and others that can measure blood pressure directly on your watch we can see blood sugar monitors that connect your smartphone and give you real-time blood sugar data for diabetics some of them are turning into digital tattoos and you can wear for for 2 or 3 weeks I could collect data we're seeing wearables come to our shoes they can track the gait of a patient if they have a risk for a fall and we're quickly moving to the era of insight Able's contact lenses from Google that can measure blood sugar for diabetics or sensors that can go underneath the skin can measure real-time blood sugar potassium or other elements that might be important for tracking health it might start with a military but it might move to managing patients with chronic disease and censoring them 24/7 we're moving to the idea of trainable z' just getting data isn't enough what if in our era of smartphone posture right posture isn't very good we can have a digital nudge well this is a technology out of Israel called the upright you put it on your back for about an hour a day and when you hunt you buzzes your back and just about an hour day for one week we transit or physiology to sit up straight which might be helpful for some of you have lower back pain or just want to have better posture we're seeing shockable they might give you other information the idea of Hira Buhl's our hearing devices don't just play music they start to play now they can track our heart rate and our steps I'm wearing a ring ringa bowls today this is a ring that can track my sleep my heart rate my temperature so sleep is a very important measure to health now we can start to track that and coach that we're seeing sensors being built into mattresses that can track our sleep seamlessly breath bubbles these are devices now that can track the quality of your breath if you're going on a date or maybe you want to track molecules that might be indicative of early lung cancer so tracking breath sweaty balls and so you're going for a run we can measure your sweat which might be useful again if you're running a marathon but also for patients who have heart disease soccer balls if a diabetic patient often can't feel their feet the sock can detect their feet if you drink a lot there's something now called a alcohol of a wearable they'll track your blood alcohol level from your wrist if you need that you have other problems so bottom line we can censor everything we're going to see sensors dissolving into our clothes ways to manage diseases like Parkinson's tracking our tremor and optimizing the medications Toto is on to this poo bubbles you know lots of information that might be useful from our bathrooms and let's say you need it protectable let's say you had a new hip or knee implant you're at risk for a fall you might even want to wear your own airbag okay so it's another kind of wearable they're now wearables that can help manage pain they inject energy or electricity so bottom line there's lots of new elements that are coming to bear none of us however one aware five different devices we want to see them become integrated and integrate into one app not twenty apps and we're I think this is taking us in this era of quantified health is that you are going to be the new drug we're going to be in power to own our information to share that information an apple a day keeps the doctor away the Apple is the Samsung as the Google's the Facebook's all getting into healthcare and then when we're connected to this sort of information all the time that can incentivize us if you run an eight minute mile or you're running walking 10,000 steps a day your insurance premium might be lowered lots of ways we're gonna see new business opportunities to change our behaviors as we move into the future so let about what about our younger patients we can even start to track the health of babies in the last trimester these are wearables for the mother that tracked them for the mother and the fetus and when that baby is born we might even track their information this is a connected diaper from tweet be from Huggies you can figure out what that might tell you or connect the teddy bear that can go in your child's crib to track their vital signs so new ways we'll be able to track our youngest patients and hopefully keep them healthy now just because you can track the temperature of a baby how much milk they drink that's gonna be sometimes overwhelming to a parent or a pediatrician when is that activity going too far how do we integrate that into our overall care here in Japan you have this great system of tracking maternal and child health with a handbook right imagine when that becomes completely digitized and we can pick up problems and children early rather than late whether that's autism or other developmental issues or other diseases early mental health another big issue in Japan and across the planet is something we need to do a better job with we can now use our wearable devices to track our emotions the cameras can pick up our are we happy are we sad voice is a biomarker that can now be detected our Instagram photos can predict who's depressed or not so new digital sensors can be used to pick up and manage folks with depression or other issues voice as a biomarker there's you can download this one called the Moody's app can track voice and emotional state so many new ways we can start to take voice even voice alone can tell who has heart disease or not so we're going to enter an era where our our digital connected Internet of Things can help manage our mental health and then provide us even with digital tools digital psychologists to talk to here's an example so this is already developed ya can see your face your eyes your voice your gaze and respond what advice would you have given yourself 10 or 20 years ago - well this isn't a place to psychologist but will be add additive for extra visits and companies like Google or and others are again starting to integrate all these new sensors and signals to be used as new ways of detecting and managing and treating mental health issues so where's this heading soon you're not gonna need to wear anything because in our world of internet of things even Wi-Fi can pick up the vital signs of up to 10 people in the same room so soon whether you want to or not you're always going to be online with your digital health exhaust and that provides opportunities and challenges it's a bit of a so one if you have to keep recharging your device if that data doesn't flow to your doctor or your dietitian or pharmacist it needs to be integrated and smartly integrated into the workflow of the doctor and the nurse many of our medical record systems today are very poorly designed the data doesn't flow we need to connect the dots and make this information useful to not just you as an individual but to your healthcare team as well and that's starting to happen with healthkit from Apple that data can now flow to my medical record at Stanford so my doctor can see my data if he logs in now he doesn't want to log in and look at my Fitbit data every day he wants to have a bit of a dashboard - my dear what if he had a score for every one of his 2000 patients integrating not just my vital signs but my activity my social network strength my financial health all these elements that play a role in our short and long-term health and if he has a dashboard of the five patients he really needs to call that day they'll bring them into the clinic and help prevent them from moving farther into a medical situation here's another way to think about it think about the modern car of today the modern car has three or four hundred sensors in them you don't care about any one sensor what you care about is when your check engine light goes on I think in the near future were our own personal check engine light that's to know our data that will give us proactive information so the sensors are going to become cheap and free it's gonna be the data systems on top and how you make sense of that that's gonna become valuable here's a professor at Stanford who was running a lot of Technology check engine light for health he discovered he had diabetes and lyme disease probably months before he might have discovered it otherwise so we're gonna take lessons from cars like the Tesla's of today have a high of mind they share driving information they start with a normal map but they learn the routes and when they learn about the curves in one road they update the rest of the cars with a high precision that what if we use that same hivemind in in in sharing information across Japanese medical systems but also around the world now having data isn't interesting but we're not not often honest with our own data and ourselves with that we need to use new tools to help behavior change we all know we might want to eat less and exercise more sometimes we need coaching then now as a whole era of digital coaches where you can literally talk to a real person on the end of the line or a chatbot coach this is this is an app called lark you can try where it coaches you around diet and sleep and exercise I think we'll soon see these digital coaches help us not with our diet nutrition but also managing diseases like diabetes and heart disease and cancer and of course they can remind me that I'm jet-lagged and need to go to sleep early we'll see robotics come into this play we'll have home coaching from our robotics that they're going to give us insight these here's an example of where this might be soon meet the world's first artificial intelligence personal robot she's your welcome friend at any hour good morning Thomas time to get up morning it seems like you had a good night's sleep eight full hours and a good resting heart thank you your meaning with Jane is at 9:30 I put the coffee on she can interface with household devices and she's also a personal stylist what do you think why don't you try the blue tie with it yeah you get the idea that's already here right you can I talk to your Amazon echo echo or Google home and they're gonna become part of our medical system they'll know how much insulin you need to take we might remind you to take your medications or about your doctor's appointment or help all X I fall I can't get up and call the emergency for you so these gonna become these chat BOTS and these Interactive's part of our healthcare coaching you might see that coach when you look in the mirror in the morning like they might give you our healthcare score you might see you of today in the mirror but what if when you looked in the mirror you saw you of tomorrow right you have tomorrow if you are on a diet or if you're working out or really doing workouts what if we kept having donuts sugar donuts for breakfast you have tomorrow ooh that's so pretty right you can see future you here's an app where it's me of today and me a thousand donuts later I'm gonna think twice about having the extra dessert or what if you have friends or children who smoke and you can show them what their face is gonna look like before smoking after smoking right or if they spend too much time on Facebook what's gonna happen right this is an example this is an example of convergent technology augmented in virtual reality augmented reality can be a fly Delphic obviously here's my antique Google glass these are not being used in the operating room and by surgeons to see data or physicians to use this in the clinic in useful ways we're gonna see augmented reality be used in all sorts of interesting ways from medical students and doctors and nurses seeing data or learning anatomy and very interactive and low-cost ways all the way to seeing surgeons start to use these technologies to do better procedures so you can see exactly where to put the device and see on the side and sort of see through the patient for example we're gonna see augmented reality come to our workplace interacting with our objects whether that's Anatomy objects or our financial records all this is coming very quickly we're gonna see new ways to educate ourselves this is a shirt I have at home so for kids who want to learn Anatomy they can sort of do blended reality right very empowering ways to learn about your own health and for your children for example to learn about their insides and here's my son Leo is 3 he now knows where his heart and lungs are and a good way to educate children about health information so we just have new lenses on health information I've been a fighter pilot or a flight surgeon in the international guard when we fly with fighter jets we have heads-up displays what if we had a heads-up display for our health care getting it giving us guidance it knows when we're in a dogfight and mean tell us where the bad guy is it also can tell us we're about to hit a mountain then we need to pull up right so we could use their heads-up displays in our health care with today we're on a diet we can see our breakfast in one way before in a new way next right it may give us before we eat that breakfast another warning so we're gonna see virtual reality I think explode across healthcare there's expensive versions you've tried here there's the low-cost versions where you put your smartphone into Google cardboard we're seeing virtual reality therapy come for example folks who have burn injuries can go into cold environments and throw snowballs and feel cold colder we're seeing if you use for physical therapy or being seeing it being used in in in in clinical environments to keep people feel relaxed in a hospital setting we're seeing it be used to educate medical students to learn about heart anatomy so you can actually walk inside the heart and learn about all its chambers or if a child has a heart malformation you can understand that in detail or the parents or the patient so I think we're all gonna be learning education new ways in powerful ways with virtual reality this is just one example we're seeing virtual reality surgery where now surgeons are going into the operating room putting on VR goggles and watching a surgery that's been recorded or watching a surgery in real time I was in London a year and a half ago for the first live stream VR surgery 2,000 people were watching the surgery around the world in real-time so the future medical education is coming the surgeon even uses snapchat goggles to report surgery so many new ways to democratize education these are just a few examples and of course we can use this for edge for making our runs our pokeyman go is really a health care game new way to get engaged with walking since pokey mango has walked over four million miles have been walked with people playing the game so it becomes a health care tool as well what about health prevention with genomics Raymond's gonna talk more about genomics the price of sequencing has gotten really inexpensive a standard about a thousand US dollars we can now use very low cost genetics to look at risk of disease there's my data I can see I have a higher risk of kidney disease I can look at my risk my response to certain drugs what if each of us owned our genetic information and your doctors and medical team knew that information you can now get your genome done for about a thousand dollars it will soon become integrated into our healthcare systems for a hundred dollars so five years from now I expect all of you to be sequenced there are now app stores that have been launched for your genome they can look at your athletic ability or what wine you might like based on your taste buds so lots of interesting applications some of them are just for fun beyond the mic the genome there's our microbiome the gut the bugs in our gut and on our body play a role and everything from obesity to inflammatory bowel disease you can now for eighty dollars sequence your microbiome and use that to understand maybe your risk for certain diseases we're starting to understand microbiomes role in in Parkinson's and in Alzheimer's we're seeing the ability to transplant microbiomes to cure folks with infections of their GI system we're seeing the ability now to understand your microbiome and use that to personalize diets so instead of giving everybody the same diet we're gonna soon be prescribing diets based on our genome and our microbiome and beyond there's all technologies we can use you know Zen Buddhism meditation yoga we can use these to optimize our brains these are free technologies but we can apply technologies like brain computer interfaces this is a brain computer interface that's on the market that I can use to track my meditation and make it a bit of a game I could prescribe this to a patient with anxiety or depression and or two patients who have attention deficit disorder they learn to focus with handset on and now they can get off of drugs like ritalin so many new ways we're going to be prescribing video games and brain computer interfaces to optimize our brain health as we go further so lots happening that space I'll skip food what about brain computer interfaces I think you've heard about those already let's move to Diagnostics right we want to pick up disease early rather than late here in Japan I understand you're a pretty interesting system called the ninja now how many of you've done this right some of you done this it's a whole sort of one day go through all the sorts of Diagnostics I think many of these diagnostic platforms sometimes as a pity mised here you'll start to be able to do for yourself at home because we now have a whole new set of digital tools for doing early diagnosis some of them will be for measuring our brain what if we could pick up Alzheimer's disease 10 years early based on brain scans or blood tests or eye tracking games those already exist we might be able to take some of the new drugs that are in clinical trials and use those at stage zero before there are symptoms for folks who are developing or at risk for brain diseases we have a whole new set of digital doctor tools that you could use to manage disease at home for example your Apple watch can now pick up if you have a funny heart rhythm and that might mean you should then go to see your cardiologist we can use little attachments to look in your child's ear to do it here exam instead of bringing your child to the pediatrician or to do that exam as a digital exam with your pediatrician on the phone hopefully he or she is gonna get paid as a doctor to do that digital exam we're gonna see a whole new set of diagnostic kits coming to our workplaces in our homes that can help make care smarter and more local and then when we're doing Diagnostics whether it was your smartphone looking at a skin rash increasingly the artificial intelligence is gonna understand what the problem is it's gonna say is that is that skin lesion a melanoma or just a skin rash or a mole so many technologies are coming to get bear to look for example at the back of the eyeball and now use machine learning an AI to make the Diagnostics so Google is getting into this and deep mind we're seeing the ability for Google and others to look at pathology look at and do a job better than pathologist with unlimited time that's already today so very soon dermatologists radio just pathologists I don't think they're gonna be replaced with artificial intelligence but they're gonna be augmented they're gonna start blending their roles and these companies are already out there and moving very very quickly in the space what about the area of of heart disease number one killer here in Japan in the u.s. we now have technologists like the alive core EKGs you put this EKG in case you put this on your phone and you can record your EKG they have a new version that's coming out called the cardia that will be on your Apple watch and their partner now with Omron to take this into the clinical realm they partner with the omron blood pressure kit as well so what used to take an EKG in the clinic and a blood pressure in the clinic you cannot do at home to manage very common cardiac and other conditions so smart ways of low cost diagnostics can be useful today this is already here this is not the future um we're seeing the advent of patches you can wear a little band-aid that can track your heart rate your temperature your position your steps if you fall down it could call your mother or call emergency that's an intensive care unit level of information on a patch so many new ways of doing Diagnostics including replacing the ways we'll look at our heart let's say for example your EKG shows a problem with your heart instead of going and having a needle a catheter up the heart we can do a virtual angiogram 30-second CT scan of the heart send that data to the cloud and now analyze with math how narrow your blood vessels are and determine do is your blood vessels so narrow that you need a surgery or do you need a stent maybe we'll 3d printer stand for you we're seeing again ways of digitizing exams it used to be very invasive that will be less expensive and more accurate and will be inspired by the diagnostics of Star Trek some of you remember Star Trek and the medical tricorder well I've been involved with the XPrize and we developed a 10 million dollar prize to develop a real medical tricorder and hundreds of teams enter this competition to make a home diagnostic that could do a better job than a regular doctor at diagnosing the most common medical conditions that you'd find at home and one of the companies started at exponential medicine I mean this little scanner to scout you hold it to your forehead it pulls down your temperature your heart rate your oxygen saturation calculate your blood pressure talks to IBM Watson on your smartphone they also developed smart ways of doing your analysis you can dip this in the urine at home and then use the app on your camera to take a picture and determine whether you might have an infection or other problems with their urine so smart ways of doing home based Diagnostics I think will be part of a future medicine I think we'll all have some sort of medical tricorder in our homes in the next five to ten years and that will be part of the and this prize was won by an emergency medicine doctor out of Philadelphia we're just in the process of developing a new XPrize for cancer diagnostics so even if you are interested in competing come join the cancer XPrize we want to make it is easy to detect lung prostate breast many cancers as easy as a urine dipstick for for pregnancy moving into the future now I've talked about a lot of technologies a lot of data it's really important now to connect the dots because the average doctor can't keep up with the information we don't want just evidence-based medicine we want intelligence based medicine and of course you've heard about IBM Watson artificial intelligence AI I like to think more of it as AI a intelligence augmentation almost every part of health and medicine is going to be infused with AI not to replace the doctor or the nurse but to help augment our skills to do what the doctor does well and augment that with what machine intelligence can do while in terms of reading studies and integrating lots of information okay my last ten minutes what about the future of therapy we want so together humans a machine we want therapy to be more precise less invasive less expensive we don't want to have surgery what if you could have oh there's many technologies of course being developed here let's go back a second sorry many technology is here in Japan that are very advanced but we sometimes want to even avoid the intervention we're seeing the ability now to do MRI guided focused ultrasound instead of surgery so you can take alter sound and focus it into a meme and heat up an area for example a woman might have a uterine fibroid in this case you could focus ultrasound and knock out that uterine fibroid without ever having an open surgery or if someone has many tumors in the liver or their lungs in the brain to use a similar non-invasive approach to the future of surgery may be very non-invasive other forms of therapy you'll hear more about from Raymond is gene therapy the idea of CRISPR to do that we're gonna cure diseases with gene therapy for example sickle cell disease is a one gene problem in the bone marrow stem cells we're now going to use things like CRISPR to replace that in the bone marrow and cure patients using gene therapy and bone marrow transplantation so the whole era of CRISPR and gene therapy is moving very quickly you'll hear more about that from Raymond including modifying embryos lots of ethical and other elements but getting very exciting other therapeutics is once you have a drug what many folks don't take drugs is prescribed we're starting to see an era where our drug our pill bottles are connected and can remind us take our medications there's a company called Proteus biomedical that's got a sensor they can tell when you take on your pill they're partnering without cyka on an antidepressant which is coming to market the next year so to track when folks have taken their medications very important part of therapy is taking your therapy we're seeing Electra sitacles these are devices that aren't drugs or pure devices but blend electricity pacemakers for the heart pacemakers for the brain pacemakers for the gut pacemakers from managing snoring sleep apnea or for managing contraception underneath the skin with a remote control what happens when you honey where's the remote or what if someone hacks your remote control for your contraception or with someone hacks your pacemaker very interesting issues with privacy and data control we're already seeing many examples of hospital systems and others becoming hacked and medical records being Act we're seeing the application is a Bitcoin and blockchain as important elements of maybe addressing that issue we're coming to an era where we might prescribe apps apps for diabetes or apps for heart disease Mayo Clinic show that they could reduce readmissions from hospitals with patients by using simple applications or using apps built into glucometers so this is all taking us to an area where we're gonna have a digital checkup anywhere we might be using out wearables using our sensors using our medical tricorders we're gonna have virtual checkups not just with screens that you see a doctor on the smartphone but other ways of interacting with our healthcare systems even for example with using hololens and beyond where you can feel like you're in the same room with your doctor or your surgeon without having to come to the hospital for every single visit you might even have an avatar of your doctor made to be on your app it looks just like your physician and chatbots are coming so many of the first parts of our healthcare particularly for folks who don't have good access will be these chat BOTS that can do early screening and early diagnostics what about robotics robotics is playing a role in healthcare especially here in Japan robotic anesthesiologists have come to market we're seeing robotics play a role in in in folks with disability we're seeing robotics been used here in Japan for nurses to help carry patients or to provide elderly patients companionship some of these wearable exoskeletons have components that are 3d printed 3d printing is something that's coming to healthcare in ways of personalizing elements for a cast for example that may be 3d printed in at your arm to make your own personalized hip or knee implant or medical devices that might be printed in the operating room that might be disruptive to the medical device world one of our singularity university companies it's made of 3d printer that's gone to the space station and they've started to print the first 3d printed medical devices on space station you might want to 3d print your own tumor as my friend Steven Keating did he printed his own tumor and gave that to his surgeons this is the actual Silas tumor that helped his surgeons do his surgery and of course you can of course 3d print yourself which might be fun but might have relevance if you need to make a prosthetic for a patient or to print your own pills that match your a personalized dosage you might even want to think about 3d printing organs we're still kind of far away from 3d printing organs but we're gonna start to start to see an era where we won't wait for printed organs we're gonna modify pigs and put in human genes and pigs so we can take organs from pigs as the organ transplant I think this is two or three years out from the clinic it'll be far ahead of 3d printing organs as we move into this fast-moving future regenerative medicine is part of this era where general medicine is the idea of repairing or placing or regenerating tissues that have been damaged by aging disease or trauma we have many elements of their from embryonic stem cells to adult stem cells bone marrow is a very rich source of adult stem cells we use those in the field of bone marrow transplantation we're now in the era of induced pluripotent stem cells you're very famous Chien Yamanaka a physician here developed the ability to take any skin cell from your body and reprogram that for example to turn as your own embryonic stem cell line that has many applications across medical diagnostics and therapy I think in the near future you may be able to take a skin cell send it to a tissue bank make your own set of tissues have those ready to go in the freezer should you need them if after an accident or stroke or heart attack and again that work that work has been pioneered here in China and the first clinical trials for treating eye diseases have been recently carried out here in Tokyo and in the rest of China is a very exciting area but I've been involved in the area of stem cell transplantation in the field of bone marrow transplantation era that's been going on for 50 years and that is the idea that we can take bone marrow stem cells and use those to treat patients with cancer I'll tell you a small story about solving a medical problem I was a bone marrow transplant fellow at Stanford and we're using bone marrow to treat cancer patients and heart patients but getting bone marrow is difficult we have to take a big needle and put it into the hip bone of a patient and I was spending time in the operating room getting a liter Bowman are using a big needle like this and putting in the the rear end of the patient like 100 times so my hand was sore and the rear end of the patient would look like Swiss cheese so I thought there must be a better way of doing that so I ended up developing a little medical device and brought it with me called the marrow miner so instead of doing hundreds of punctures in the bone marrow you could do a little here's a video of how it works you could do a let's see if the video works the video is not working basically you could now take this device and go into the marrow cavity turn it on and instead of doing hundreds of punctures you can stay inside the marrow and suck out what used to take an hour in about five minutes so we've now developed this technology to the point where it's been in patients it's FDA approved and we can get out stem cells from you or anybody else who needs it very very quickly not only can we do that much more quickly we get about twice as many stem cells out in about a quarter of the amount of time so this is now a device that's moved to the clinic I know a lot of folks in Japan or general medicine so if you understand come talk to me we're taking this hopefully to Japan and the rest of the world as quick easy ways to get your own bone marrow when you're healthy or if you need to donate marrow and give it to others okay last two minutes these technologies in healthcare from digital health the stem cells to big data can now democratize health care we now have 3 billion people going to come online in the next couple years many folks have limited access to healthcare today but almost all of them have SMS phones soon all of them will have smartphones and with smartphones and apps and chatbots and access to digital diagnostics we can bring healthcare anywhere in the world and now we can even deliver medical devices and blood products by drones one of our singularity university companies called Manor net as pioneered the idea of drones to deliver health care technology in cities and in rural areas after earthquake after disaster after hurricanes so we're gonna see new ways of blending access and delivery even develop delivering a defibrillator should you need it wherever you might be or drone ambulances which will be here soon ok to finish this all up I like this other thing about the future of discovery how do we speed up new ideas because the technology by itself isn't going to advanced unless we can prove these new things work whether it's an app a drug or device how do we rethink clinical trials you can now donate your data from your genomics from your microbiome from Ridgid digital exhaust you can download clinical trials from research kit there might be clinical trials for heart disease or for tracking Parkinson's or beyond where the sensors on your phone a part of the element you might be using and taking a drug from a pharma company and using the app to track the medic at the trial we're gonna see this crowd-sourced future of healthcare kind of like we drive today with Google Maps ten years ago we barely have smartphones today you couldn't imagine driving with a paper map imagine in the future of healthcare is like driving today with Google Maps where we share the data we know where the bad cops are where the traffic jams are and we can guide our health care journeys I think the future of medicine will be similar to crowdsourcing medical information we cannot just be organ and blood donors but data donors as well so as you think about the future of Medicine think about the combination of genomics crowdsourcing Big Data 3d printing nanotech all coming together don't think about whether technology is here in 2017 think about where it's going to be in 20 set 20 20 20 25 skate to where the puck is going to be as Wayne Gretzky the hockey player says and if we do that we can all play a role in future of healthcare from sick care episodic and reactive secare to continuous and proactive and participatory healthcare and we can all not just take linear steps but exponential ones as we move into this future well we don't predict the future but together we create a brighter future for healthy medicine so with that don't work out though thank you [Applause]

Channel: Singularity University Summits

Views: 11,103

Rating: 4.7677422 out of 5

Keywords: daniel kraft, singularityu japan summit 2017, singularity university, future of medicine, exponential technologies, medtech

Id: dxEus6cRqb8

Length: 48min 2sec (2882 seconds)

Published: Thu Oct 26 2017