Exorcisms: what Catholics need to know w/ Fr. Chad Ripperger | Chris Stefanick Show

brothers and sisters so excited for today's show i'll be talking to an exorcist about spiritual warfare not just the stuff that he does but the stuff that we have to do in our everyday lives someone peter 5 be sober and alert your opponent the devil is prowling like a roaring lion looking for someone to devour resist him solid in your faith and we're not going to dive into this stuff to freak you out and hopefully we don't but to bolster your faith and to to help you take the entire spiritual life more seriously uh because there's a lot in the line thanks for watching father chad reporter good to see you chris thank you so much for making time to do this you'll be very welcome i know you haven't a busy schedule which is actually a little scary to think that you have a really busy schedule but this is true i do have job security these days oh man uh you know before i i dive into your work as an exorcist uh and spiritual warfare and how the things that you do apply to all of us in everyday life because stuff like exorcism is pretty dang rare but right the rest of it's not um i i want to dive into your your personal story first sure what what made you a devout catholic in the first place you're not the average guy uh what happened no it was my parents to be honest with you we had a very we had a very devout uh family life um you know going to uh mass confessions on a regular basis uh my parents got us involved in the uh in serving and all of that um we had devotional life even within our family the other thing is my mom was the head of the catechetical program for the parish we were in and she actually made everybody this was back in the day this kind of dates me a little bit but they they in the day you had to memorize the entire baltimore catechism to be confirmed are you serious yeah so by the time i was in sixth grade i had memorized the entire baltimore catechism and got confirmed and um and two by daily mass all sorts of devotions like going to um devotions of the nine first fridays five uh first saturdays that's everything so it was just it was just part and parcel of our family life it's just a really prayerful family it was i think i think people over complicate sometimes like how do i help my kids keep the faith and it's like oh you're praying a lot you know you talk to god or just about him sometimes right exactly yeah in fact one person said to me she's the she said you know the one thing i've noticed at least today especially because things are a little more difficult for families she said the thing i've noticed most today is is that the families that seem to not have any of the children that fall away are the ones that say the rosary together every day um so it's a good reminder folks say say the roads were together no say the roads are together it's powerful stuff uh okay so what got you what made you a priest is that something you was kind of knew you had grown up you wanted to be one or is that college or where did this enter in um well it basically when i was four years old ironically when i was four years old um all my siblings went back to uh went back to school i was the youngest and so my mom started going back to daily mass because she had time and so in that day and age the children didn't come up to the communion round but uh but i remember seeing my mom going up to receive communion this is even when they were receiving it at the communion rail and uh seeing my mom receive it and give seeing the priests give out communion i still have the image in my mind of him giving out communion and uh you were four i was four years old and what ran through my mind is that's what i want to do that's incredibly easy discernment yeah god bypassed a lot of teenage angst and pain for you he did it didn't mean that women weren't interesting when i was younger it just i always realized no this is where my vocation was and um so it was never much of a discernment process for me and thanks for saying that too because some guys think well i like girls so therefore shouldn't be a priest like well no i'd hope if you like girls right want to be a dad like this these are the kind of things that would make you a good priest right and it's also a sign that you can get the calling at any age right it's not necessarily at four it can be when you're older too so archbishop chef you when he said when he was nine he knew i mean just so some people they can know they can uh okay so this is uh you know a crazier question here uh it's easier to conceive of someone falling in love with the lord and having a prayer life becoming a priest and then how do you get into your line of work as an exorcist because that's that's not something like you know i want to sign up for that like what do you what what do you do well in fact i even tell people i still don't want to be an exorcist the only reason i'm exorcist is because every time i try and get out of it it seems like our lady pulls me back in so but um most exorcists myself being one of them is usually because of the fact that the bishop is actually requests that you do it so when i was in the archdiocese of omaha i had written a book on psychology from a domestic point of view and one of the chapters was on diabolic influence and the intersection between diabolic and also psychology so where did i get that book by the way because that sounds incredible um you can just actually it's available uh on amazon but there's also um our own uh website which is um census treated students press it's a bit long or it's a sentrad press okay um but they can they can uh actually get it there so i wrote that book it was during that time that i was actually talking dexter's who were friends it was for me it was purely an academic interest because i was just interested in the intersection between psychology and diabolic influence wow and then um a case actually arose in the archdiocese of omaha and then essentially speaking through a series of uh back and forth of the chancery they asked me to take the case so then i got some more training and then just started doing it so okay so it was probably writing that book it wasn't a particular charismatic gift i mean do you would you describe yourself as having a gift where you walk in a room and you kind of sense something's off or what's that like for you yeah people ask me that pretty commonly because they just presume if you're an exorcist you have some charismatic grace which is actually in my case i told people i'm a grinder which basically means i i tell people look my job is just to swing a sledgehammer and break rocks i just keep grinding away at it i don't necessarily have any it doesn't mean that we that as an exorcist you don't get ordinary graces during sessions where god gives you a grace to see this is what you this is the direction you need to go and things like that but they're not charismatic in that sense because they're just ordinary graces okay and so um although i you know i have seen authentic charismatic graces even in this line of work um even discernment of spirits that were on levels that you know were you know kind of like padre pio kind of levels of clergy so you do see that from time to time but um i don't have one and i think that there's a reason for that is because my i think one of the reasons why our lord and our lady have me in this is because um i've been spending the 15 years as an exorcist um observing things so that as i mentioned before i was interested in that intersection between psychology and uh diabolic influence and so i've been watching those things and so it's it's easier for me to take a more objective academic approach when i because i wrote some books on it um so that it so that you can give people some of the objective criteria okay so that the subjective criteria which arises from the charismatic graces has an objective criteria which it can be measured against okay so um especially in this area because demons can also falsify charismatic graces we have to be very careful in the discernment of wow wow okay um your job is is literally the stuff of horror movies right i mean they they make scary movies out of what you do they do and i don't i don't want to uh i don't want to give the devil too much attention because he's mr look at me and uh very much so right so we we could talk all about that and i'm sorry to disappoint if you're watching for that kind of thing but i i but supernatural things do happen they do and they're freaky right i'm you know i i have a friend who was part of an exorcism in haiti and this woman was cussing four guys out in their own native languages fluently and she never went to school from the mountains of haiti and i'm like that's that's just one of like many really crazy uh stories right um is it scary uh well there's two parts of it the first is is that um the types of things that demons do are within a certain kind of a range or a gamut so okay you know after you've been in exercise for two to three years you've seen probably pretty much everything you're going to see right and it's not the devil's not very creative no in fact they're high very consistent more so than we would think it seems random to us because we don't know their patterns sometimes but they're actually very consistent so you know and the church has said these are the three kinds of things that you're going to watch for that give indication that the person is possessed for example and you do see those things people say well have you seen this from like you see in hollywood yeah i've seen all those things but they're not that common in fact those real extreme forms of prayer natural signs that you see probably only occur in about five to seven percent of the caseload you do see things that are pretty natural but not those you know like levitation and things like that those are those are fairly rare so very small percentage of people come to you are actually possessed and then a very small percent of people who are possessed uh will levitate or speak other languages or do things that are like this is that's correct so the percentage we actually have statistics that we've been keeping track of the number of people that actually come to us that actually are possessed that that we first hear their initial story and begin the vetting process it's only point five percent so less than one percent of the people it doesn't mean they don't have other diabolic issues but it's less okay and as far as you know the scary part is is it's um because um demons work within a certain set of parameters the church has said look follow these rules and if you stay within your lane you're going to be safe it's when exorcists or priests get outside that that that's when the problems really began and so as long as you stay within that lane generally speak doesn't mean i mean it is stepping into a boxing ring of a sort but it's it's manageable it's not that difficult if you have a strong prayer life people say have you ever been afraid and always tell people two times that was good the first time which was thinking to myself i hope i don't do anything stupid right because it's it's your first time right in the driver's seat yeah uh the second time though it's funny because that's the same exact kind of fear that anybody has with any new job yeah the second the second time was one time this one demon would not obey so i just turned to god the father mentally and i just said punish him in a way he's never been punished before and there was a full-blown greater natural manifestation right there and he the demon was screaming and what what the did you say this out loud or just in your just in my own mind i said it i said it to god and so what happens is the the with the fear wasn't in relationship to the demons because they're not really to be feared because they're on a short leash it's what was what i was looking at is the severity of god's punishment for those who disobey him and don't um that reject him so that's what i've looked at i'm like if that doesn't strike the fear of god in you nothing will right literally looking this is what hell looks like so that there was that fear but the but it's really falling out of style to even talk about that it very much is so it very much is so but but in relationship to the demons there is i there's an experienced exorcist doesn't have any fear he's cautious you have to be careful but you don't there's no fear because um they can only do what christ permits and so you know they're restricted and so you know as long as as long as i stay under christ's protection which is basically staying in the lane that the church has said to stay in you're not gonna you're you're not gonna uh you're not gonna suffer any faith yeah faith it's faith and fear don't coexist no they don't you know that that's exactly right yeah yeah that's incredible uh that's really amazing so but you said the demons aren't a short leash and yet sometimes god allows these horrific displays so what's that there's a mystery here you tap into when you say that you know like god is a specifically allowing these things why uh well he allows he allows the demons to basically show themselves at least in certain cases in order for us to um for the exorcist to know that they're actually present so that they recognize okay this person needs my help um and their churches help this the other part of it is too is that a lot of times what you see in the demon is actually you can learn something from it so as st thomas aquinas says demons manifest their characteristics so how they appear when they manifest actually is their characteristics so you learn a lot from the demons in the process it's also um done but the primary reason that we keep coming across more and more is is that the reason why the demons are allowed to afflict people um is that ultimately they're the instrument of our sanctification and god allows them into our life because by having to combat them we attain a level of virtue and sanctity that we wouldn't we would just be mediocre spiritually a lot of times wow so like every cross like everything like any other cross and in fact some of the holiest people i've ever met were people who they're possessed but then they start the spiritual battle they start developing the virtue and they become some of the holiest people i've met wow yeah wow okay so many questions are coming to my mind while you're talking uh when you see the the pain of a demon yeah strange question have you ever felt bad for this being that is so miserable uh know for two reasons one is that i have to deal with them too you know and as i mentioned it's like stepping into a boxing ring so you do get a tax the pro life that we have structured in our community is such that it keeps almost all of that at bay but you still get a little bit of that okay so and that's just on a personal level but it's also recognizing um how much affliction they cause other people and that in point in fact um the uh you know the demons actually want to have to replicate their pain and suffering in other people even the very nature of their pain and suffering how have you seen that well in the sense for example so like for example um every demon who fell he fell based on a specific his task he was assigned a specific task and he rejected so his sin is very specific to himself and so a lot of times the conscience his conscience bothers him he has pains of conscience because they have the natural law just like we do and so what happens is that pain of conscience they'll start making the person feel guilty for stuff that they've never even done or they'll just afflict people emotionally because they have access to the emotions making them feel depressed self-loathing self-hatred all those things which is why i tell people they have to stop you should have no self-loathing you know we should love ourselves for christ's sake ultimately but so they they have flicked people and so um they want us to hate ourselves they want us to hate ourselves they want to hurt us they wanted to and so they have a lot of malice and it's funny because even the um even the punishment that as an exorcist because we're instruments of just god's justice to them even what we meet out on them they will admit pales in comparison to what they deserve for the sin that they've done and the and the offense that they've committed against gone wow yeah wow do you ever get uh uh some of the people in the studios were a little nervous today because you actually he actually came here from an exorcism and uh you forget tagalongs i'm sure this is part of your the the daily routine and how do you deal with them uh there's two things that we do is right at the end of the session we actually say a set of prayers to keep us to kind of clip any of that type of stuff from occurring okay um it does still happen from time to time um and so what we tend to do is um uh it as priests we've kind of got into the habits so that and we also train our lay assistants who assist us during these sessions that if you feel attacked or there's something going on then what we'll do is we'll go to another priest and ask them to do a minor exorcism over us just kind of just kind of cleared out we found that uh works um pretty significantly as an exorcist usually it's in the first couple of years that the the the most amount of tax you're going to get because they're testing and probing you to see where your weaknesses are they're talking to each other oh yeah they they know what your weaknesses are etc and they they communicate that with each other and so they're trying to test the probe but after a while they get to the point where they don't want to attack or even try and test an experienced exercise because they know if he's if he's doing what he needs to do and he's leading his spiritual life properly any attack that they make he can use to his own spiritual advantage wow wow uh you gave me a prayer i want to i want to share with people watching sure that has helped me tremendously and it's a prayer of consecration to our lady where you specifically mention any area that you feel like is being oppressed that's right and it's like well if the evil one wants it he's got to go to our lady now because it's hers that's right exactly and yeah you sure you had very few problems in part because of that that's right yeah which way i say that prayer every day yeah how do people get that prayer by the way i can put it in the show notes too yeah you can put it in the show notes it's um technically speaking public domain but it's actually in a book that i put together i compiled a a variety of prayers for deliverance work just called deliverance paris with the laity okay which they can get on online um fantastic what uh what what sets an exorcism up to work what sets it up to fail uh and to work long term to stick because i know these these things aren't like some people have an idea that you know they've seen uh some they've seen the chosen and they think well actually just do what jesus did and just says get out and it's you know it's over in a 30-second scene that's right or a scene in the bible which obviously had that authority that's great you have a lot of prayers you have to say that's correct and it's a battle so what it is what makes it more successful more quickly um i think there's two parts to it the first is is on the side of the person who's possessed ultimately is um the two characteristics that were primarily looking for them is consistency that is making sure that there's they are being very faithful to their own prayer life and doing what they need to do because we tell them look 90 of this is your battle i'm helping you fight it i'm going to give you direction and counsel that's what we're going to do and the other 10 percent that's seen it quite on very often for your liberation is probably the sessions that we need to do the solemn exorcisms but it's ultimately your battle so if they come up to battle and they fight it very well then we're good it's when they stop doing their prayers or if they're unwilling to suffer because they have to be willing to suffer through this process um because it's very painful so we find that most people um quit um uh most of them quit most of them quit about 60 of the people quit the process because either it just requires them to give up a lot of stuff in their spiritual life like their sins that they might be attached to and things like that and they go through life possessed yeah and they they'll they're will they're willing to live with the possession then get rather than give up their sin and that's incredible yeah and that's part of that is is is the other part which is um something which we talk about i talk about it actually in my books is is what we call the diabolic compatibility so when demons attack people in the course of their life especially when they're possessing they spend a lot of times a lot of time excuse me getting the person's psychology to conform to their own psychology so that they're compatible so that they can manipulate them more easily and so a lot of times what happens is that the people have to be willing to break that psychological compatibility so it's and that means there's a lot of suffering so if they maintain their prayers and and and do what we ask and that means giving up certain things in their spiritual life that may be bad we call that removing the obstacles to grace so if you get rid of that a lot of times that itself will weaken the demons just getting rid of their sin uh and then if they if they're willing to go the distance that is perseverance and that willingness to suffering for an extended period of time those are the people that are successful and you do see god giving them those grace sometimes it's extraordinary the grace of god gives people to to go that go that distance wow wow yeah i guess i shouldn't be shocked because i also think of dysfunctions and sins in my own life or i know people who are in anonymous groups most of them don't make it that's right and they choose lives of ruin rather than dealing with their stuff that's right i mean any vice takes a long time to get and this is uh i guess this just makes it clear like what every vice is a battle for that's right it's your soul with demons it is yeah and they can use any vice of yours they can drive it they can drive you to to continue that bias and to increase it because the more advice you have the weaker you are and the easier it is for them to manipulate you wow okay so how do i ensure you know again this is extremely rare but i think answering this question will will uh illuminate things that are that are not quite so rare in the spiritual battle you know how do you ensure that your your family that your own soul is closed to attacks like possession uh the two the two principal things uh well there's two ways in which people ultimately become possessors actually a third which is extraordinary i've only read of them i've never seen them the first is is that um through mortal sin so any mortal sin can open you to possession can open you to possession so i i mean people become possessed through mortal sins of pride fornication pornography is the one that we're seeing a lot especially among men um and so those but i have seen people become possessed through yeah as i mentioned um i saw a woman who became possessed through a mortal sin of pride so um and it's she was a virtuous woman and the demon tempter in that regard to think that she was better than everybody else and and so um so any mortal sin is an open door exorcists say venial sin is not going to cause you to be possessed it will be it can be kind of a an open door in the sense that demons will use it to kind of drive a few in certain things but it's it's moral sin the other one is if some grave evil is committed against you like you're cursed or we see somewhat common people um especially among women people who are raped molested or psychologically traumatized those are the types of people what's interesting is about that second category of class though is that the women or the people that suffer those the victims if they climb out of it they are some of the holiest people and their examples of forgiveness are just astounding and that's why god allows it and that's why god allows it and it's also a way to draw them closer to him because um and to show them that ultimately in the end there are certain wounds that only he can heal right so um so there's that part so those are the primaries the third category is that you don't commit immortal sin and that dude there's no um nothing the evil's been done against you i've only read about that those kinds of cases you know nuns who became possessed or things of that sort but those are extraordinarily rare and usually they have to do with something external to the individual well wow the um it's just i'm just always blown away by the mystery of of salvation the mystery of god allowing our own crosses to bring about resurrection but then you see it played on every area of life you want to get a bigger bicep you put resistance on the bicep that's exactly it it gets the same principle and the lord loves to create these things some doubters would listen to this though and say well why would he choose such painful paths and i don't know how would you answer that because i just i just think well it's hard to answer but like i look at the movies frankly i like to watch i love braveheart the guy gets his guts ripped out at the end and he's a hero yes i think god's like me i i don't know how to say it he likes the saga and the victory exit he loves a good fight he does i mean you just see this you see it even in the in the cases where the positions might protract for a certain period of time and just seeing seeing how the person who's possessed fights the nobility that they fight this thing with and you're just you you even recognize it yourself he's even as an exorcist as a priest realize you know without god's grace i couldn't fight that level of a fight right so there's a real uh joy that you get out of seeing that you know actually usually it's not in the battle of course it's after you see the person attempting that but i think it really boils down to one principle is that there are certain people that he just simply wants to draw closer to him than others it sounds we you know we want to have think that god's egalitarian is true that he wants everybody in heaven with him that's true but there are certain people that he wants through the crosses that they carry to to have more glory in heaven in fact it's right in saint paul engage the serpent and win the crown of glory so we actually know that god allows demons into your life precisely because he wants a very specific crown for you to have in heaven it's very hopeful it is very hopeful with every cross we bear uh what energizes you with your job everybody's got you know i know it's the amazing thing is to when i sit with you and people are gonna expect you know he's here with an exorcist like it's gonna be so different and you have the persona of a you know like a grinder like a guy yeah i like to sit down the desk and get some stuff done right you know but there's there's things that will energize you and your work now what makes you feel like yeah great day um i think that it really boils down to um seeing there are there are certain things that actually i tell people look at maybe i should back up a bit being an exorcist is like being on the receiving end of a sewer pipe okay by that we mean in the sense because you're dealing with all the garbage yeah but at the same time women sometimes will lose their wedding rings down the drain and so it gets and so you get these little gems floating down from time to time so even in cases of possession when the demons will talk about say some perfection of god or some aspect of our lady or something like that it opens up the spiritual life and so there's a real joy that you see in those perfections the you know people say oh well that's a really interesting job you have actually the demons are really boring it's the same stuff over and over again it's the stuff that you hear about the saints or about god or about our lady that just that that's what that a lot of that motivates you so they'll reveal things to you about the spiritual life yeah yeah about something like for example one case i had joan of arc was the nemesis and he revealed a very specific thing about daemon was just hated joan of arc he hated he was the nemesis of joan of arc under a very specific um title and the um the what was interesting is that one of the things you found out is is that he caused a very specific kind of a suffering in her um but as a result of that she became his nemesis as a result of it so it was because of her combating him and not succumbing to it that she ended up becoming the nemesis in this very specific aspect of his of him as a demon so you find out she experienced it as a temptation that she knew was demonic in origin yeah or enough um so basically what it basically what it boiled down to is mark twain didn't get in his book so yeah it actually does appear in his book but he doesn't it doesn't talk about it from this particular aspect so what happens is at a certain point they asked joan of arc what are you afraid of because she didn't seem to be afraid she was very valiant she would go into battle and things of this sort and she said treason as it turns out um the she is the nemesis of satan under the aspect of satan being the insider of treason through ambition now if you think about if you think about that in our modern historic context that's pretty big right and the reason she became the nemesis of him for that reason is because the archbishop who put her to death was actually doing it he was persecuting her and put her to death because he wanted to get a higher bishopric it was treason he was committing he was a french bishop he was committing treason against his own country in order to gain some of this great specificity to the very specific the aim of these demons oh yeah um wow and this sorry go ahead so it's just one of those things that you you start to see those particular so it's those particular aspects in the end i think the thing that really keeps me motivated to do it and enthusiastic about it is um two things one is because i mentioned before i think our lady wants me to do this and my basic attitude is if she wants it that's what she gets and then the other part of it is um knowing that if i'm faithful in this battle then there's also some crown that god's going to give me not that i'm looking for those specific things but i want to be able to manifest his glory in these things as well praise god praise god and you've yeah how would you describe your spiritual growth personally as a result of this line of work because i know god doesn't just make us his tools he chooses a particular task because he wants to make us uh grow in these through these tasks he does yeah i kind of mentioned it uh earlier today when we were talking privately but i mentioned the fact that um you know when before i was right before i was going to become an exorcist i said to god make me a man of prayer two months after i'm an exorcist i said to him this isn't exactly what i had expected you know what this wasn't i was anticipating and but that's there's two things i've noticed is um a real commitment to prayer and a real consistency and habituation in relationship to making sure that i'm always praying the second thing this is too is it's just uh you know doing a lot of mortification like fasting on a regular basis um it's powerful against demons yeah very powerful because they there's they in addition to avoiding you if you're praying a lot they really don't like a body as saint paul says that's been subjected you know they bring your body into subjection he says and that's done through doing mortifications like fasting and abstinence and practicing a little self-denials and things of that sort so doing that on a consistent basis so as an exorcist it's kind of sink or swim so you got to do this stuff but now that i've gotten to the point where this stuff is more it's more habituated i would say um there's real joy in it so if i if i go over to someone's house you know that's a benefactor of czars or or you know is is uh um has made a really good dinner the next day i'm like i'm ready to fast again you know so wow so that's that's been very helpful in that regard you know it's also opened up for me um not just on an intellectual level but even on a personal level in relationship to god in the saints it's opened up a depth in seeing as i mentioned like say joan of arc who i now have a very strong devotion to or um you know various other saints um in fact one time and there was this one demon it was the feast of saint catherine of siena and i asked him to katharine to come down and afflict him and he just went bananas and then it just kind of dawned on me and i said wait a minute you weren't the guy that got kicked out by catherine of siena in the public square were you and then he just went crazy right so that tells me okay that's who it was come on that's so cool yeah so it is so but the point is is that it gives you a real depth to your devotion and to your recognition of the reality the truth of all things all doctrines and all teachings of the church yeah so just it's it's a reminder to me it's edifying thanks for sharing this i know that's why i had giants i knew it's it's just the basic stuff of faith the prayer the fasting come back to these basics you know what take them seriously yeah this is no joke uh last question before we we take a little break and go into the next uh next set of uh next topics sure um how do you celebrate at the end of the day you know it's miller time like what does that look like yeah for you as an exorcist well unfortunately i have to spend a lot of time working because i've got so much stuff going on and every exorcist complains that he's too busy but what i really honestly do is and people it's it's somewhat of a joke and someone not i tell people as a joke i tell them you know i drink scots and smoke cigars well after coven i can't drink much alcohol anymore because it affects me more than it used to but but i just actually have relaxed we actually have a community time with our community and we just sit relax and talk and so i'm able i'm one of those guys is really able to leave work at work so after the sessions i'm able to go work and stuff and just keep my mind completely off of it awesome but also um i engage in normal recreation just like anybody else does which the devil doesn't like no he does not he's like normal he does not like us to have a normal life he's envious wow that's profound thank you so much uh guys uh next episode we're gonna dive into uh dealing with the spiritual uh combat that that most of us experience as part of just following jesus and how to win in that combat with father chad roberger we're also going to talk about the temptation to just give into constant negativity which is not just a psychological battle but there's spiritual dimensions to that as well you don't want to miss it and thanks for watching today man wasn't that great listen if you don't want to be happy be sure not to subscribe but if you want a more joyful life the kind of life that god created you for the kind of life jesus promised when he said i came to give you life to the full then make sure you hit subscribe and share this channel with everybody you know

Channel: Augustine Institute | The Catholic Faith Explained

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Keywords: eucharist, Catholic eucharist, transubstantiation, catholic sacrament, 7 sacraments, augustine institute, formed catholic, ignatius press, lighthouse catholic media, lighthouse talks, Dr. Tim Gray, Dr. Brant Pitre, Chris Stefanick, holy communion, catholic church, Catholic Faith, the augustine institute, catholic theology, catholic graduate school, christian theology

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Length: 32min 58sec (1978 seconds)

Published: Wed Aug 10 2022