- You know about inline
engines, V engines. You maybe even have heard
of a VR engine layout. But what do you know
about W, H, or U engines? Since cars have been on the
road getting our human butts from divorced-dad's house
to step-mom's house, engineers have been putting all sorts of wild engine configurations in them. And today, we are going to
go through every single one. Let's go. (upbeat music) Thanks to Keeps for
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Dave scared her away. So, I locked him in the
basement hoping she'd come back. She never did. And then, I found her
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by the time they were 35. - Oh my sweet, sweet Jerry. You should have used Keeps. - You know about Keeps? - Who doesn't, Jerry? They help prevent hair
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ready to take action, go to Keeps.com/B2B or click the link in the description below and you get 50% off your first order. - All this talk of Keeps makes me realize how much I miss you. - Wow, brains and beauty. (hawk crowing) Dave, what are you doing here? Get out of here, Dave. David, get. David, I'm using your full name so that means I'm really mad at you. - I hate birds. - No Gerry, stay. Dave, get out of here! No Gerry, no! Now, the first rule when watching any type of YouTube
list video is that one, there are no rules. Okay, now that we've
established that we're going to go through every engine
configuration that I could find that's been put in a car. Now, if I happen to miss any
by the end of this video, just go ahead and write them down. You can mail them to me. We have a PO box. I'm going to take all of them and then I'm going to
put them in the trash. Okay, so let's start
off with inline engines. All of the cylinders
are in a straight line, hence their name. And the straight cylinder
design seems pretty intuitive if you were to start from scratch in building your own engine, but it's also a very
mechanically smart design. With only one cylinder head,
there are fewer moving parts than the engines with
multiple cylinder heads. So, you have less stuff means less chance for other stuff failing. This allows for a less
mechanically complex layout. They're simple engines. And because they are
simple, they're cheaper. And for the most part,
they're easier to maintain. So, let's start off with the
least number of cylinders in this inline configuration. And in all honesty, I was going
to start with an inline two, but there are some cars out
there with single-cylinder inline engines, one cylinder, one piston, one connecting rod, one crank,
one balancer, two valves, the 1903 Oldsmobile Curved Dash, which is documented actually as being the first mass-produced
car, well-known fact. From there, we can go to our
inline two or straight twin. The Fiat 500 sported
this two-cylinder setup. Of course, of all the inline engines, the coolest is the Koenigsegg
twin-turbo inline three. Inline fours, we have every engine in the majority of cars on the road. My first car, 1990
Toyota pickup had a 22RE. You guys know the story. My sister freaking stole it
from me and then sold it. So if you have it, I want it back. There's the Mitsubishi 4G63T, the S14 B25, and BMW's E30 M3. Honda, they got the F20C, S2000. Now, they're small so you
can put them anywhere. There's front engine,
mid engine, rear engine. The four-banger is a worldwide staple. The only downside to an inline four is that it needs a counterbalancer. The secondary forces aren't balanced, which ultimately limits
the size of the engine. And because of that, they
often need balancing shafts to cancel out those vibrations. Okay, that's inline fours. So now, let's get to inline fives. But why would you want that? Well, they're smoother than an inline four and smaller than an inline six. To help me explain why the
five-cylinder's smoother, we need to look at the
timing of the power strokes. Now, four-stroke engines
operate in four cycles, suck, squeeze, bang, blow. Every cylinder fires
once every 720 degrees, two rotations of the crank. If we divide 720 degrees
by the number of cylinders, we get how often a power stroke occurs. Your power stroke can't
last longer than 180 degrees of crankshaft rotation. So a three cylinder engine, there's a gap in the power delivery. So, if you take 720 degrees
divided by 3 minus 180, there's 60 degrees of silence when no power strokes take place. So, for a four-cylinder,
it takes 720 divided by 4, that's 180. You subtract 180, you get zero. So at the end of one
cylinder's power stroke, another cylinder fires. Now with a five-cylinder,
there's a 36 degree overlap, meaning another power stroke has occurred before the crank shaft rotates
to the 180 degree mark. This results in a very
smooth power delivery instead of this kind of
relatively jolting action of an inline four. And you can use this equation for any type of cylinder configuration to see when they're firing. So, who uses inline fives? Well, my favorite is the
Swedish American built 2.5 liter in the Focus RS 500. Also GM, they have a 3.7
liter in the Hummer H3. And the RS2 Avant got one, but we never got in the US, so whatever. Next, we have the sexy sixes, the perfectly balanced, sexy sixer. Now, there are so many great
examples of this engine. Our favorites are the RB26
and the 2JZ of course. But there are, like I said,
there's a ton of them out there. They're long and strong, and
the smoothest engine out there. They're just a better inline four. From there, we go into inline eights, the hungry eights, the straight eights. And they were the
performance engine of choice in the late 20s. Bugatti, Duesenberg, Alfa
Romeo, Mercedes-Benz, they all had a version
of the straight eight. The Alfa Romeo 159 Alfetta, it won 47 of 54 Gran Prixs in F1 between 1938 and 1951. That little 1 1/2 liter,
supercharged inline eight could get all the way up to 10,500 RPM. That's screaming. Skip over the inline tens
'cause there are none, go straight to inline twelves. Now, there are the few
that were ever built in the early 20s and with good reason. When you have a frigging
crank shaft that's super long and you have all the
pistons kind of rocking, it creates this jump rope effects. So, you've got to have a crank
that is super, super stiff, really, really strong. That being said, there
were some made so they're on the list, but there're
not a lot of them out there. (engine revving) The V type engines split the
cylinders into two even banks with a common crank shaft
at the bottom of the V. Now, they're best bros
with the inline engines. For the most part, as the cylinder number increases
V engines are more compact compared to their inline bros. And they also have a shorter length than an inline engine with
the same number of cylinders, but they're wider. Inline engines, long and skinny,
V engines, short and wide. If Nolan was an engine, he'd be a V. If I would be an engine, I'd be an inline. If James were an engine, a boxer. Good job. Twin cylinder Vs, the V twins, so obviously there are a ton of Harleys. The hogs, they have V twins. Which actually some in street bikes. I am obsessed with
twin-cylinder sport bikes. I have an Aprilia Mille, a Honda RC51. I've owned a Suzuki TLR9. Ducati 1199, I want one of those. Volkswagen actually took
a Ducati twin engine and stuffed it in their XL Sport. Mazda's first car, the R360
rear engine kei car was powered by a V twin engine. We go to V3s. There are no cars that
I could find with a V3, but they are in some motorcycles. The V3 engine, it's got
two cylinders on one bank and one cylinder on the other. It's a pretty rare configuration, but they did have some MotoGP bikes that supported this setup,
most famously Honda's NS500. Next, we go to V4, a MotoGP staple. But while they're the
go-to motor in MotoGP, there's not a ton in cars. The Porsche 919 Hybrid LMP1
car used a two-liter turbo V4 from 2014 to 2017. V5, no cars, but again,
got some rare motorcycles, the Honda RC211V. V6, the most beloved
here at the Donut Shop. We've blown up two Nissan VQ. Right, two? - [Man In Background] Yeah. - I have an EcoBoost that's a V6. You probably have one in your NSX. You own an NSX, right? Yeah. Cool, cool. Yeah. V8, the classic, Hemi, LS1, Ferrari F106, the Toyota 1UZ-FE. They can be a flathead, overhead valve. They can be a push rod with a crossplane or flatplane crank. The most iconic engine out there with boys who like to
brag, unless you have a V10 like in the Viper, or
unless you have a V12 like in an Aston Martin. Now, the V12 is a neat engine because each bank operates
like a straight six. Remember, the straight six is already
a well-balanced engine. So, if you use correct V
angle between the two banks, a V12 engine can achieve perfect balance. Now, what wouldn't be
balanced would be a V14. Which there are no instances
of them being in cars, but we do have V16 engines. Cadillac made a V16 in the 30s. There's also a V18 in the
BelAZ 75600 hauler trucks, one of those big ass mining trucks. There's a V20 in the
Caterpillar 797 dump truck, and a V24 in a custom-built 359 Peterbilt. It makes 3,424 horsepower and is insane. (engine revving) You've probably heard
of VR engines before. The VR6 badges are on the back
of Gulfs, Passats, Jettas, and they're all in the Volkswagen lineup. Now, VR engines are the
results of taking the best of both worlds from the
inline and V engine layout. The word R in VR comes from
the German word inline, which is reihenmotor. Did I do good? You get all the benefits of a V engine in terms of performance, but package it in a way which would allow
them to fit into compact cars without having to compromise
on their size and weight. Also, you need only a single cylinder head for both banks of cylinders, which means only two camshafts are needed. Most common is the VR6, but there are also a few
other versions of the V reihenmotor, starting with
the not-very-well-known VR4. This engine was used in the Lancia Lambda. Now, it had a 20 degree
narrow-angle single-head VR layout. Volkswagen built a 2.3-liter
VR5 engine from '97 to 2006. Just take a VR6 and take
one of the cylinders off. Why would you want that? Well, when a VR6 is too big. So is there anything bigger
than a VR6, maybe a VR8? Well, there's no single VR8, but there is an engine out
there that smashes two VR8s together to make a double-V
or W configuration. The W engine uses three or
four cylinder banks running off the same crank shaft,
and it makes that W shape. Starting with the
smallest, we have the W3. You can actually buy 150
cubic-inch Feuling W3 engine for your motorcycle for a cool $100,000. We have the W6 that was in
the Rambler Tropin Wagon. If you put two VR4s
together, you have a W8. The sole W8 engine to reach production was the Volkswagen Group W8 engine, which was in the Passat. You slam two VR6 together
and you get the W12. We actually did a whole
entire episode on "B2B" about this engine. Click, click here if you
want to watch and learn more. Put two VR8s together and you get a W16. The first car that comes to mind in the 16-cylinder configuration is of course the Bugatti Veyron. But, the earliest prototypes incorporated an 18-cylinder engine, the W18. There are two ways you can make a W. You can have two banks of two or you can have three banks have one. The W18 is three sets of six-cylinders. But, there is a flaw in this design. With a standard V layout,
you've got your cool intake air on one side, you've got your
hot exhaust on the other. But with the three-bank W
engine, you can't do this. The way the geometry works
out means that you're going to have exhaust next to your intake air. Hot exhaust doesn't mix
your cold intake here. So, by the time the
Veyron reached production, it had ditched a couple of cylinders, added four turbochargers,
and got their W16, which was a pretty smart idea. Boxer engine. (upbeat music) Sometimes called the horizontally
opposed or flat engine. Subi boys and girls, you guys
are having fun right now. You're like, yeah, that's my engine. Yeah, woo. Now, they have a central crank shaft with two banks of cylinders. But unlike these, boxer
engines have cylinders laid out horizontally with the
pistons moving left and right, rather than up and down. Now, that horizontal arrangement
gives them a low center of gravity, which helps
give you power to the wheels and improves handling of
whatever car this engine is in. Power delivery, oh, it's
super smooth throughout. And the engines are easier to cool because of this spread out design. Now for a long time, these
engines were air-cooled. But there are some negatives. Boxer engines, they're large, okay? And because they're big and spread out, it's a pain to do some simple jobs. Now, I'm not saying it's harder to work on them than any other cramped
V engine or inline engine. I'm not saying that. So
don't yell at me, okay? The cylinder heads, they can be pushed up against the sidewalls of the car. Stuff like changing spark
plugs is pretty hard to do. They're also a little bit more
expensive to manufacturer. Don't hate me, boxer fans,
I'm just giving you the facts, Jerry facts. So of the boxer engines,
we have a flat twin. The French company
Panhard used a flat twin to win the 24 Hours of Le Mans. There's the flat four
which the OG Beetle sported and the beloved or hated Subi EJ. There's a flat six in a Porsche 911, a flat eight in the Porsche 908. And Subaru has even built a flat 12 to try their hand in
building engines for F1. There's was also a
Ferrari flat 12 out there, but it's really not technically a flat 12. There's some, like, technicalities because they share crank pins. A true flat 12 would
have separate crank pins. But, it's there. Actually in 1971, Porsche
developed a flat 16 prototype for their 917 that raced
in the Can-Am series. But instead, they ditched it and went with a flat 12 that was turbocharged. Opposing piston engines often get confused with boxer engines,
but they are different. While the flat layout is similar, opposing piston engines
have pistons that meet in the middle. They don't have a cylinder head. And because of this, these
engines have the potential to lower emissions compared
to a more standard layout. Achates Power has been
building diesel versions of these engines for some time now, but the opposing piston
design have been around since the early-1900s. The Commer TS3, Commer Knocker, was an opposing piston
engine put in Commer trucks in the 50s and 60s. It uses two pistons per
cylinder, three cylinders total, unlike an opposing cylinder
engine like the Napier Deltic. It used only one central crank. And it's voted the most unique
engine on this list by me. (tape beeping)
(engine revving) And when I think of the
Wankel or rotary engine, gotta think of Mazda, spinning Dorito. In a Wankel-type engine,
there are no piston rods and no valve train components. There's a single piston that
revolves around a gear shaft. The inside of this engine is shaped so that the triangular piston turns, it goes through all four cycles that a standard internal combustion
engine would go through. That's the suck, squeeze, bang, and blow. If you want a rotary to make more power, you only have a few ways to do it. You can use force induction
or you can add more rotors. We have single rotors like the 40A, the good old 13B. Or even better, 13B-REW and
the RX-7 FD sported two rotors. Mazda also use a three-rotor in the Le Mans racecar, the 757. The R26B used a four-rotor. And some Wankel lovers out there even have built their own six-rotor
and even 12-rotor design. That is a lot of spinning Doritos. The U engine, also known
as the square four. These engines are two
separate straight engines placed side by side and coupled
at a shared output shaft. Look at them from the
front and they look like, guess what letters, guys, a U. The Ariel Square Four motorcycle and the Suzuki RD500 use this U engine. The benefit is that it's
able to share common parts with a straight engine,
which it was based off. Also, if there's two crankshafts rotating in opposite directions,
the gyroscopic effect of those rotating components cancel out. So you have a naturally
very, very smooth engine. Now, the H engine also
uses a similar comp set, but they're stacked vertically. And H engine or H block is a configuration in which the cylinders are aligned so that when you view it from the front, guess what letter it looks like, guys? That's right, an H. So, flat fours often look
like drunken Hs from above, but an H block looks like an actual H when staring straight down the pipe. So, an H engine can be
viewed as two flat engines, either one on top of each
other or side by side. They have their own crank, but are geared together
to power the transmission. The British Racing Motor
H16 Formula One engine won the 1966 US Grand
Prix in the Lotus 43. There's even 1,000 cc H4 in the Brough Superior Golden Dream. You know what my golden dream is? To shoot an episode of "Bumper 2 Bumper" in a Las Vegas hotel room. We had to come out here
and shoot some episodes, and so there's no downtime. It's a Saturday. We could be out hitting the slots. Instead, we're in a
freaking hotel room shooting an episode of "B2B". I hope you guys enjoyed this. This was fun making. There's a lot of crazy engines out there. I know I skipped over some.
There's some technicalities. So if you're yelling
at me in the comments, I don't want to hear it. Put them down there anyways. I'd like to see what I missed, if I did. But I don't know if I did. Follow us here on Instagram @DonutMedia. Follow me @JeremiahBurton. 'Til next week, bye for now.
