Eocene I - Clockwise Rotation w/ Basil Tikoff

well good morning everybody how's it going today welcome to ellensburg washington usa so glad you're with us again the local time is 8 52 in the morning pacific time and we will begin our session called clockwise rotation at the top of the hour at 9 00 a.m pacific time that's about eight minutes from now so you can scrub ahead if you're watching this and replay as always here's to you for joining us sundheim let me take care of a couple of matters with the technology and then we will start saying hi to some folks yep okay did that uh-huh and then i do what that's what i do that's what i do thank you thank you for your patience okay [Music] i'm still not happy hang on hang on hang on i need to see that and then i need to see that got it okay i'm live right now reading comments we have 300 watching at the moment and more will will filter in by the way before i forget uh it's always helpful when i watch the replay uh to see the live chat to see what you guys are interested in etc your reactions to certain things and a few of you always kind of every once in a while you kind of just write how many people are watching live at that particular moment and that's interesting to me so thanks to those of you who've taken the time to do that you know this typically we start with about 300 or up to 360 already and then it kind of builds to i think it's still about a thousand isn't it about a thousand people watching live kind of in the heart of the uh session and then maybe when we're done with the guest or whatever we start losing folks that's fine but i'm just you know if only 12 people tuned in as the alphabet continues if only 12 people are with us then i got to change my approach but it seems like the numbers continue in other words the our our group continues to be strong in numbers and so that's helpful to me okay uh good morning uh okay i guess i do have to go back uh let me go back i'm back in the live chat here saying hi to folks some of these are familiar places bryce in tasmania good morning bryce good afternoon uh sunculp in rishikesh india hello great to have you with us today boy two for two as far as the distant land uh bingo card is concerned west western new jersey that's that's exotic hello good morning dan nick has never said hi to me dan culver dan cover culver culver good morning anacortes washington that's chad i'm back in the chat bevin is a isu grad to another hello bevin idaho state university represent carlisle pennsylvania that's teresa phil's in index washington pat is in enacoma jackson santa monica california cheers carol's in paris illinois big ball 1986 globe huh culver city california nice and sunny there yeah what is it here it's 28 degrees and sunny i guess you win phil's in mankato minnesota shia irani littleton colorado sunny oregon west allis wisconsin kent washington carefree arizona chelan washington it's always fun always fun it never never gets old charles is in hamburger city montana never heard of it but i'll put it on my list of places to visit okay i'm going to come down to i'm going to come down to live and we'll say hi to a few more if you want to retype your name i'll i'll do that or your location i love the location part more than anything waiakeli uh hawaii i'm practicing finland hello east wenatchee melbourne australia hello ian fort dodge iowa oles in norway is that a joke deer park washington it's not a joke thank you for being with us ottawa ontario canada nashville tennessee kingfield maine i'm just grabbing things as they scroll by marysville washington menomonee michigan western australia perth path woodstock georgia kathy in brisbane australia it's 3am there have a good one okay well i just saw many of you yesterday so i don't know if i have to like update you on the last few days because it's been less than 24 hours and yeah let's do it we'll test out the hotkeys here oh i see do we have a problem oh we have a problem houston we have a problem okay something's going on with the ipad we're not using it today no big deal no big deal watch days on i'm not pissed that's a tell man if the wrist watch goes off that means i'm uh i'm not i'm not happy i'm stressed out like i was with aaron donaghy on wednesday the wrist came the wrist watch came off the little velcro that's like but uh yeah yeah there was there was a problem a few minutes ago when i set it up but no problem no problem no problem uh it's two minutes before we start so i'm going to just say hi to a few more and then we'll get we'll get rolling i'll give you a chance to even read the board i've been blocking your way i don't i thank you but i don't need uh suggestions on what to do at the ipad it's just gone okay just gone in my in my head appreciate the where is our guest today oh you wanna you want a clue kyle kyle wants to guest the guest and i'm not giving you even a hint sorry john nash reports when he woke up he realized he had been rotated and transported to the other side of the bed spreading reads john dreaming about geology and rotating and okay very good bath uk the heck carolyn hi carolyn in uk anne is in san diego people guessing who the guest is that's kind of fun kind of fun to keep you in suspense i don't know if you've noticed but after the after the replay is posted then i add the guest name in the title of the show but i don't do that on purpose i don't know why okay i got a minute before i got to get rolling here thank you for joining us this morning always appreciative of your time and energy i can feel it coming through the monitor which happens to be alive today and we will begin in just a couple minutes thank you hop mike okay now you don't have an ipad today boy you don't have an ipad that's no problem what was i going to show on the ipad the schedule yeah what else uh yeah we don't need that don't yeah i don't really don't need it don't need it don't need it spotted cow don't don't matter it don't matter it don't matter to me uh one more time would you mind before we start are we five by five well five by five i didn't even really check that's how confident i'm getting thank you okie doke good morning everybody thank you for joining us this is a session called clockwise rotation we are to the letter i in the alphabet that's not a roman numeral that's the letter i so we've been at it a little while and we are now arriving in the eocene as advertised in our last two shows involved celezia so here's a little warning we're probably leaving the eocene today you're like what we finally got there you said this was going to be a celezia show well um i'm improvising a little bit with today's show you know we did get connected to this concept of clockwise rotation with our guest ray wells yesterday and i want to continue that discussion of clockwise rotation today but you can see my questions i think how far back how far back in time is this clockwise rotation a thing like did the clockwise rotation from yesterday and ray wells did that rotation begin with the docking of celezia 50 million years ago you remember the the punch line don't you there's been one degree of clockwise rotation every million years in the last 50 million years so there's been wrote a steady clockwise rotation even today but it started in the eocene according to yesterday's session so i want to know was there clockwise rotation before the docking of celestia and if so what kind of evidence would we have and how far back would we have to go so i'm willing to go earlier i'm willing to go back to the cretaceous i don't know even further than that maybe i don't know we'll see once we get our guest to join us today but i'm also kind of thinking about the north cascades as you know this series is all geared towards learning what new things that i can and then applying it to the north cascades and we have not done much yet not yet with the details in the north cascades but that is coming especially after the holidays we will be in the north cascades in central washington for most of the rest of the winter so we're still kind of warming up to that i must say but i want to start with my portion of the program kind of like we did yesterday i want to do things maybe a half an hour or so so by the bottom of the hour i'm hoping to be done with my session and then we go to the the guest i want to start with how useful and how memorable this clockwise rotation thing is so what do i mean with that well i've been teaching for 30 years here in this in on this campus 30 years and it's not until about i don't know 15 years ago maybe that i started sharing clockwise rotation with audiences outside of the classroom whether that's giving live lectures around the state or starting with the tv stuff and the youtube stuff and and it involves you know this and my first message is this concept of clockwise rotation it just grabs people regardless of the age or the background or you know how much of the stuff they've seen online and talk to somebody in the grocery store that they bring up clockwise rotation it just and you might have an idea of why that is more than i but i think it's the the simplicity of it the elegance of it and how useful and memorable this concept of clockwise rotation is so can i keep the glare off of this probably not uh what am i doing here so ray wells uh no sorry well ray wells data merlbeck data blah blah blah from yesterday uh but bob butler at university of portland had some workshops for middle school teachers and i was involved as one of the i was involved in that program and so i was gifted one of these teaching boards that i have used over the years so you see what we're doing here i'll come in a little bit tighter for you my windows are screwed up this morning oh well i think i think we're functional here so this is kind of a nice review of yesterday and the clockwise rotation and as far as as you get closer to the coast of of california of oregon and of washington there is more clockwise rotation than further inland and so you know i don't carry this board around with me and do this funk flying tank you know everywhere i go but it does you know you can see there's numbers on here i think these are millimeters per year where our gps network has been measuring this even today and as we alluded to yesterday once we get up into british columbia this whole rotation game stops there's a canadian buttress you see the stop sign there that butler put on this thing i think jenda johnson was involved in a few others so you know we're not going to talk about the the evidence for this going on today i don't think because we covered that i think yesterday but we know where we're going with this discussion so in what um how has that concept of clockwise rotation been useful in my teaching what kinds of things in washington geology can be explained really only by bringing in this concept of clockwise rotation that's what i want to do here on the chalkboard so i want to go to the map of washington i don't think we've even really used this side of the board much for the actual purposes of looking at washington geology but that ends today so i'll do this in story story book fashion i guess so it was august of 1992 that's starting to feel like a long time ago almost 30 years right august of 1992 when i set foot for the first time in central washington liz and i had our first baby boy six months old and we quit our jobs in ohio at the end of the school year my dad thought we were absolutely berserk and nuts and crazy to leave our good jobs and go out to the west where we didn't even have a job we stayed with our in-laws in pocatello for you know most of the summer trying to you know there's no email and internet sounds like writing letters back and forth anyway got hired here with a half-time position made twelve thousand dollars the first year that i was here and liz was uh and hanging out at home with the baby so it was it was a it was a rough beginning or a very humble beginning here in ellensburg but i bring this up because my first class to teach was co-taught by a guy named robert d bentley who had been here for 20 years and had been studying the geology just south of ellensburg so ellensburg's ellensburg's here and there are these amazing thrust vaults thrust vaults south of ellensburg between ellensburg and northern oregon there's a whole network of these thrust faults part of the yakima fold and thrust belt so there's not only thrust vaults but there are folds anticlines in other words so if i have to draw you a quick cross-section should i do it here oh why not uh so if this is south and this is north and it's a sunny sky and this is not on the map now anymore this is in cross section i'm trying to show you what it looks like from the side in the yakima fold and thrust belt we have these significant thrust faults where you're taking portions of the german chocolate cake so in other words this is pretty young this is less than 16 million years old that we have this uh area of thrust faults and anticlines let's say so the general idea is well here's the main punch line first of all so this is this is a compressional scene to get folds and thrust faults you need to squeeze the crust you need to squeeze the crust and you take portions of the german chocolate cake and you shove them up a thrust vault and as you shove them up a thrust fault they they knuckle over so the north sides of these ridges are steeper than the south side monash ridge just south of ellensburg which i could see walking to school here this morning and the horse heaven hills and on tanum ridge and blah blah blah okay topping this ridge so when i was out with bentley and bentley was an amazing uh geologist and had done a lot of field mapping in association with the shell oil company in the summers besides teaching bentley had a lot of strengths but one of his main weaknesses was he could not organize his thoughts and here i am i'm just trying to learn place names like what's that that's selabute and that's the yakima river canyon and then i'm trying i'm just like learning out of a fire hose this bentley just like giving all this stuff way too much and you know i remember regularly that fall again i'm new to the area i'm saying bob why is this area being squeezed in a north-south sense here in south-central washington why are we squeezing the crust like this obviously we know it is because we have these thrusts in these folds but you know i was just off the boat from ohio right i didn't make any sense we know the juan de fuca plate is is subducting offshore in the northeast sense we got the pacific plate going northwest it didn't make any sense and this is 1992. this is before the internet this is before the gps network was installed across the pacific northwest to document the clockwise rotation that we now know and you know that every day we talk about merle beck now hell this is i should call this merle beck a to z so merle beck was documenting for a long time northward transport and clockwise rotation of these cretaceous basilis let's say but bentley wasn't talking about merle back at least i don't remember him talking about it so the main thing i remember from that first fall is i kept pushing bentley like i don't get it why are we you know give me stop giving me all the details bob why do we have north south compression in a general sense in this area and he's like putting me off you know god damn it nick uh it's the senator movement on the san andreas fault in california i'm like what movement on the san andreas fault is going to explain this i don't i don't understand and then he kind of shrugged me off and head off you know it's a field class you just leave and just start walking walking away okay well to move the story along this department not bentley but megan miller and colleagues started installing a a geodetic array called panga p-a-n-g-a pacific northwest geodetic array and installing on all these ridges in south central washington it was first campaign style and then now they're permanent and then it expands to the entire pacific northwest and to this day up on the third floor of this building i'm yes i'm pointing to heaven the guys up on the third floor every half a second this morning there's data pouring in from satellites in space that are communicating with all these permanent gps stations and they are showing exactly what the paleomagnetic people were saying for the last 50 years in other words and you heard this from ray wells yesterday the paleomagnetic data was right and it's been backed up now with this amazing real-time data coming in through the air into the roof of this building and then being distributed out through our website so that's a thing for sure and it was before i understood that the clockwise rotation is the reason for this squeezing so it's not really north south squeezing in a sense it's the stop sign here which is truly up here but as far as northern washington is concerned the stop sign is even here north of wenatchee and then we continue to drive northern california closer and closer to canada and we squeeze and continue to make these yakima folds so why is it so memorable for many people who watch programs when i'm talking about the geology of central washington the answer is there's a bunch of ridges that are a thousand feet high i just mentioned them if you if i drive south after this live stream and decide i'm gonna go shopping in yakima what i go up and over monash that's that's a thousand feet up and down north of tandem ridge a thousand feet up and down south of tanum ridge you know they're big structures and you can see them the german chocolate cake has been wrinkled in the last 16 million years due to clockwise rotation that's why i think it sticks in people's minds okay well let's say people don't live in eastern washington how about they live in seattle well clockwise rotation helps understand the geology over there too really how here's how not seattle washington and there's a major reverse fault it's not a thrust vault it's a little steeper but it's still a squeezing fault the seattle fault that made a big earthquake magnitude estimated 7.5 uh about 1100 years ago created a tsunami within puget sound and there's 20 feet of vertical uplift in downtown seattle about the year 900 a.d that's a whole other topic but i'm including the seattle fault and the tacoma fault and the south whidbey island fault and a bunch of newly mapped faults to give you the sense that notice i changed the trend a little bit now regionally it's more of a northwest southeast trend to these faults thrust faults here reverse faults over here but it's still a clockwise rotation story so we have seismic risk now the clockwise rotation is ongoing and so there is concern about the next magnitude 7 earthquake on one of these shallow crustal faults and yes these same shallow crustal faults further inland are also at risk but as we currently understand it the risk decreases as you get closer and closer to the pivot point and our guest can help us with this but i've always used pendleton oregon as the pivot point for our rotation and my point here is that remember yesterday we have more what did ray say the rate is faster not the speed but the rate the amount of degree of rotation per million years is a higher rate as you get closer to the coast so in my way of thinking currently there's less seismic risk there's still seismic risk but there's less seismic risk from this clockwise rotation the closer to pendleton you get because there's not as much rotation but out here the wrist gets a little bit higher what am i doing today i thought we were talking about clockwise rotation i am man but i'm talking about pretty young clockwise rotation let me do one more thing i'll do two more things some of you were asking with the aaron donaghy show about why the crescent basalt why the celestia basalt makes this big horseshoe that's kind of a strange pattern there's been a tacoing of the accreted celezia basalt on the olympic peninsula and why do we have a tacoing clockwise m and f in rotation now i haven't used that horseshoe that crescent look of the basalt on the olympic peninsula as a kind of tactile result of clockwise rotation because i think it's a little bit more esoteric but when you look at a geologic map that pattern certainly shows up to you and as i understand it again we're rotating and so we're deforming or making this oral cline on the olympic peninsula leave it alone i don't know much more than that the last example of how clockwise rotation can just sweep in on its white horse and solve a long-lived debate with a very simple visual there's a paper i have waiting for and since the ipad's not functioning well for me this morning you'll just have to make a mental note go to nixon nicksettner.com upper right hand corner click on the word eocene you'll find three new papers i think and one of them is ray wells i think it's 2012 involving the cascades the cascade volcanoes and something to do with clockwise rotation like oh my god come on i'm not willing to go that far i've been taught since day one that the cascades are from subduction of the juan de fuca plate well i'm not that's true that's true but let's get rid of the rest of this i'm almost done by the way almost done we're about to go to our guest i remind you as i erase here that i'm just trying to share the uses of this very powerful concept which is not just a concept it's not backed up by real data from multiple angles paleo mag data gps data other kinds of data so that paper which is a favorite of mine ray wells i'm going to say 20 2013 i think now that i think about it 2013 cascade arc rotation something like that old so i did notice that ray double majored at penn state our guest yesterday ray wells double majored in geology and art and it makes sense to me because many of his papers have these beautiful illustrations that just kind of stick and you'll enjoy that paper it's colorful as well ray's basically saying this uh there's an ancestral cascades there are some cascade volcanic setters that are older and then there's a line of our current cascade volcanoes and those are younger do you want some dates we'll just say quaternary here so in other words our present cones are in this kind of new belt of cascade volcanism but there is this older belt going back to the myoscene so this is back you know 16 million years if you like and this has been known you know after a couple of generations worth of mapping in the cascades it's known that we have this this older place where the cascade volcanoes were operating and they're no longer there so i'm putting x's where the the cones have been snuffed out and they're gone they're roted away and then there's these new things well what kind of tectonic model would we have to explain basically a shift of where magma is coming up in the cascades it used to be coming up here let's say 16 million years ago and more recently it's coming up here why did it jump to the east okay well if you look at some of the papers here was the explanation this is before ray wells this is before clockwise rotation what do you think i'm not going to pause and wait but what do you think okay let's do another cross-section sunny day we subduct an ocean plate offshore we make the old i should do it in white we should do the old volcanic ark here so 16 million years ago there was a subduction of the wand an oceanic plate and there was a certain angle to the subduction of the of that oceanic plate that created magma x number of miles inland from the trench and then here we go we've got our line of volcanic uh we've got a line of volcanoes in the cascades you can just think like the first half the cascades go back 40 million years roughly and so the first half of the cascade story from like 44 million years ago until let's say 20 million years ago the volcanoes are lined up here and then there's this weird shift the old model said oh it's easy it's easy we just changed the angle of the subducting plate because what do you guys want to do you want to explain why the all the cascade volcanoes shifted east in other words we want to get rid of those guys kill this magma and we want to have some newer cascade volcanoes just a little bit to the east like 5 or 10 miles piece of cake all we have to do says the old model is we take that older angle that steeper angle we just flatten it out we're good job well done and so you go from old arc to new arc by playing with the angle of the subducting plate convenient but ray wells says you guys did you forget about paleomagnetism and gps and the fact that the pacific northwest has been rotating ray wells 2013 says we can explain this shift not by playing with the angle of the plate let's keep the angle of the subducting plate about the same instead let's rotate clockwise and you're like i don't think i see it give me three more minutes what i have white for the old yeah [Music] uh hang on hang on patrick are those the colors i had yeah you've got the paper to really flesh this out so i don't want to spend another 20 minutes on it but ray says what if we just keep the avenue of magma coming vertically from a steadily angled subduction terrible grammar but you know what i mean let's not play with the angle but instead let's rotate the crust over that stationary subduction zone and you can take in oregon and northern california and even southern washington you can take what used to be the active ark and move it off of the active ark and make a new ark in its place because this is still the hot zone where the stuff's coming up and to build on it he said north of stevens pass it's flip-flops and we've got the older cascade arc to the east of the active which also makes sense with our clockwise rotation maybe that works for you and if it doesn't you have a paper to enjoy wells 2013. okay do you remember our two questions for today how far back does this rotation go and two how much is the clockwise rotation affecting the geology of the north cascades so have you guessed the guest he's been in the green room i got to pause for just a second volume's off of that and is volume off of my window here yes it is i don't think our guest is eating fondue today maybe he's been grilling brats out in the backyard and he walked into the geology building in madison wisconsin to join us basil teacoff hey nick how are you today i'm doing just fine thank you and yourself oh i'm doing terrific you bet we uh we have plenty to discuss and it's wonderful to have you back i can't see the live chat at the moment but i'm sure people are very thrilled to see you back and i am i don't know that's that's all stuff that's pretty recent right the clockwise rotation that i've been discussing um not even really going back to celestia time those are pretty current um so let's go let's go for it right away have you been doing work on this clockwise rotation thing yeah so it's amazing it's not just baja bc right not all the time so it's um i'll tell you the story but it's a kind of a funny one which is we were trying to figure out the cretaceous and we just went along and we had two days to kill basically and so we just and we had a paleo mag drill like well it hasn't worked anywhere else let's try it here and then it was like mind-blowing the results and and it took like five years to figure out what they meant and so well first of all how did you know how to do the paleo mag like we do that yes i've worked a lot i've worked with um this was with paul kelso who's at lake superior state university worked a lot with bernie hausen at western washington as well and um so it's something i've also done but i'm a little bit more like gray wells which is i'm a maybe an abuser of paleomag yeah and not a paleomag expert myself so i i rely on their knowledge and expertise um to try and but then i sort of understand the tectonics so i understand where i want to go to understand so it's a collaborative effort like a lot of science sure so are we what's the setting for this this is in western idaho somewhere well exactly but it has more implications than that so the but so to me the bottom line story is that there are two major periods of rotation and i'll be clear that my expertise sort of ends at the cascades and it goes into the continent from there yeah so i'm going to talk about easter so everything from the cascades east there we go that that's that's the territory i feel a little bit more comfortable with okay and if it's okay and it's gonna seem crazy at first is we're gonna talk about the pre-cambrian i mean you are you are a card-carrying member of the lunatic fringe i guess we can do whatever you want like your founding member you're a charter member yeah okay good yeah let's do it so you'll see why the pre-cambrian structures the continent so that it has the explanatory power to explain why and where those rotations are happening before we do it am i hearing that that's part of the answer to our first question how far back does this rotation go we're going to go back that far so that's a great question so as i see it there are two periods well there's really three periods of rotation there's an early cretaceous which is so far out that we're not going to talk about and that's of the blue mountains which is the central oregon westernmost idaho but the two you care about there's a big rotation between about 85 and about 45. it's clockwise and it's about 20 to 30 degrees clockwise rotation and then it seems that there's a big rotation that starts at about 18 million years so that's going to be a number that keeps coming up over and over again because that's part of the san andreas fault system and it's the movement of the sierra nevada block because yeah we'll talk about that when it comes to it because this ear nevada block is also moving north because there's a right lateral shear zone behind it called the eastern california shear zone okay so uh 80 to 40 80 to 85 to 45 okay and then and then younger than 18 and then younger than 18. okay okay well how do you want to proceed do you want to share a screen right away or do you want it it's okay i since it's a little bit of a story but i figure it's sunday morning we can have a little bit of a story oh yeah i got to get some i got to get my oh yeah let's let's go so we can do that so um i'll share my screen good and then i'll i'll bring it in as soon as i see it in the green room here and all right um let's see if my fancy two screen system is going to work for us here sure oh god we got people in the live chat talking about eldritch moores and and uh the lunatic fringe and all right nick can you i've i've knocked my ability to see it can you see that though it's not in my in my green room all right i'm gonna try it this way we got time yeah i think we have time yeah i guess we should have practiced this part but oh there we go there we go all right now you got it let me bring it in super so i'm gonna do it this way he's a mac user ladies and gentlemen so nick is that sufficiently large to see it i think so yes what if you hit full screen would it still just i'm worried if i hit full screen it's going to knock out both my screens and i won't be able to see you this is great this is great oh yep that works either way is fine okay that's fine so now i can't see you but you'll have to stop me if i blab on so in fact this does come back to eldridge moore's and what if you look at north america and so here we have la ranch in the middle you can see hudson's bay so if you look at the top part of laurentia or north america that's the west coast and we don't really know what was there we don't know whether it was antarctica or australia people still argue about they think it's those two but how exactly they're configured is what they're talking about so that has to come apart right and we know how continents come apart they come apart on rift segments and transform segments so in the north american literature there was this debate so karen lund on the left says it comes apart and it's actually coming apart to the southwest bob speed says no no it's coming apart to the northwest and so either one's possible but we know that it's not going to come apart as a smooth boundary all right i'm with you all right so when you look at north america though we have what we think is the old margin and that old margin is the 706 the strong chum 87 to 86 isopleth just means constant value um of 706. and so everything to the east of that line is old crotonic north america it's been around since the pre-k green everything outboard including the entire state of oregon is accreted or suspect terrains and stuff that's been added so that's what we've been talking about it's celezia before that it was the blue mountains so it's all these different things that have been added on all right so what we said is okay so this is us two people paul and i in a with the drill and we went up to this area it's not quite where that red line is but it's it's close it's right up here and we said there are some 85 million year old brands we didn't know the age at the time but we said they were young they're 90 to 85 million years old and they've cooled by about 85 million years and we know that the blue mountains so this accreted terrain here these are the blue mountains of oregon and they sneak into um westernmost idaho and a little bit into washington state even and we know those blue mountains terrains have added on to north america people talk about wind exactly but we know from paleomag on some of these big plutons in here that will allow a baffle and so forth that they've rotated 60 degrees clockwise since about 130 million years since 130 okay we know this is bernie hausen's work working with becky dorsey and this is from mitchell so that would be off the screen on the left diagram but we know that they've rotated about 38 degrees since 90 million years and then we know they've rotated 15 plus or minus 10 from about now 45 million years and that's the work in the clarno area so that's around john dave oregon right so we know that there's a sort of tracking of when things rotated through time but the question is what about north america and has north america rotated because um oh and i should say things that are on the west coast so again west of the cascades they're going to rotate more yeah so that's that's rightwell's world so there's things that are going to rotate more but to do rotation you have to wrote have to look at it compared to something so we're looking at it with respect to chrotonic north america but right here we're on the margin of north america so maybe parts of north america have rotated and this is paul kelso drilling in fact these exact rocks and when you look at these and these it all you need to know is that basically the when you look at the north american rocks just by orofino everything is pointed straight north in the paleomag but they should be rotated 30 degrees differently from that and that's work um from bernie hausen and others looking at the orientation of those polls and you can choose different polls um so it might be 20 degrees other than 30 degrees but the point is that the this part of north america right here has to have rotated 30 degrees since 85 million years with respect to other stuff in north america does that make sense it does now let me pause you for just a sec so um i don't think this will derail you but what were you why were you drilling where you were drilling and what were you expecting to find versus what you ended up finding so we had spent like years trying to figure out the north-south orientation of the 706 line so if you go in that diagram and you look south of orofino this zone right it does it does this crazy thing people in idaho call this the dog lake where it goes north south and then it bends east west and that's just weird right yeah and so we had spent all our time on the north south and we're like well we haven't gotten anything to work so then we tried the and it turns out there's a particular this this granite had a particular kind of magnetic mineral carrier that carried what we call the remnants and so it was a really good marker it was a really high fidelity marker that had to have been magmatic in origin so okay good thank you so back to the story so you've got some rotation so you got some rotation and so it's like okay and you know when it happened because you know when how old the granites are so he said okay let's just take this at face value what that means is the north south portion of the western idaho sheer zone which is really the continental margin they're the same thing yeah it wasn't north-south it was northwest but really it's that this east that what is now the is east-west margin up by orofino yeah started in an 060 or in a north uh east northeast orientation right and so the whole thing has to rotate in order to make this work right and then you're like oh my goodness okay how in the world are you going to do that well you've got to do to do anything you have to have something to move it which we'll talk about you've got to have a pivot point yeah right and you've got to have a structure that can accommodate it so the structure that can accommodate it is pro the only thing big enough is the lewis and clark line which we'll talk about so this is this big trending zone it goes right through missoula montana and in fact i-90 runs along it which is to say i-90 runs there because the lewis and clark line is there and so it's this left lateral shear zone and that left lateral is the hypothesis is that it's allowing this clockwise rotation it's pivoting at the snake river so the snake river is one of the transform faults the pre-cambrian transport wow so yellowstone hotspot is following a transform fault seriously yes and there's lots of issues associated with that for instance the yellowstone hotspot's traveling too fast it's going twice the speed of the plate motion so it's your flashlight and tracing paper it kind of works but it's like it's really moving that flashlight [Laughter] so there's you know there's a little some issues here it's about twice as fast as it should be in round really that's i never thought of that before wow yeah so anyway so this thing rotates right and so you're like all right then fine that rotates what that means then is karen lund was right basically and you'll see why that this had to have been oriented like this right just like she's picturing it but then it has rotated into position and she used markers in basically along the montana idaho border so those probably haven't rotated but the central part of idaho has rotated but if you're rotating the boundary it's not just north america that rotates you've got to take the blue mountains with it and so what that means is they have to have a geometry where part of this stuck out a little further so for the lack of anything better to call we called it the blues promontory i like it right because you can't you can't have a northwest um pre-cambrian extension if you have something sticking out to the south and west you have to have lund's model right so that's fine and so what rotated and i think what rotated is the blue mountains plus this little bit of laurentia and all of this is rotating and it's rotating 30 degrees that's what the paleomag has and it's pivoting on the snake river transform during baja bc well so i was trying i can go the whole thing without saying the words baja bc oh we can do that but you can do that i'll honor your request let's stay away from that today good so we'll we'll get to that basically there's only one thing that could move this which is the insular terrain right and and that's fine because even if you're like sort of lukewarm about bob you see oh let's just go there you can't hold it i'm sorry i i nudged you fine so if you go to 100 million years sandra wild and colleagues basically said where is the insular terrain and it restores to at least southern northernmost california southernmost oregon yes not that organ really is there as a intensity which is the entire extent of this thing called the wiz right so that the movement of that north could rotate it because we what's for sure is even if you just restore the fault the insular trains out for if you take the paleomag instead the insular terrain restores the mexico but it's not a small thing it's a big thing it goes at least up to well again here's the western idaho sheer zone it goes to at least idaho so no matter whether you're a sort of a mobilist or a fixes it's in idaho so it's got a it's the most likely thing to have caused the rotation yeah um that making sense this is amazing yes i mean come on now you can do anything you want here do you want to continue with the story do you want to stop for a second and have me ask you a couple questions let's do that let's do that because then i'll because then i'll talk about the the why the modern rotation makes sense with the pre-cambrian okay well let's let's uh let's just go back to this for just a bit we can go back to those uh in a touch so i'm torn because i do want to talk about baja bc but i also just want to talk about this clockwise rotation as a unit so let me see if i've got a couple things so this older rotation the pivot point is not pendleton oregon no way that's the that's the younger that's the less than 18 million year thing or what what pivot point do you like for the younger than 18 rotation uh okay so that's where i was going to go next the pivot point the pivot point is orafino it's not purple oh okay okay put that on hold uh another one is um i guess it is baja bc related so you showed up in western idaho 25 years ago and thinking that you might be able to find some kind of major baja bc fault that everybody's been looking for essentially and you run into this dog leg is that why part of the reason you got off of that being a major baja bc fault that's exactly right you can't find the fault north of that dog leg so to go back yeah i'll get it can you bring it in no i guess i have to i don't think ray liked he wasn't in charge of controlling the screen there okay so it's right you have this big shear zone coming up but the problem is the shear zone doesn't stop it and this is work by keegan schmidt and others it just keeps going right around the bend it like it's hugging the 706 line right it will not go and so what i realized is that wait a minute the continental margin is stopping this shear zone from forming like it's deforming the whole margin of the continent but you can't actually push things into the continent so that's this figure here right that it won't push things in the way you push it in is you reactivate a pre-existing feature we think this is the lewis and clark lines about a 1.5 and then you push it so you're going to see why that's important because right north america sticks out which means stuff can't go by yeah yeah yeah but what happens is the insular train is going to push this thing out of its way well let's keep rolling then let's keep rolling with the story this is excellent bazel as always so so we actually don't know so i'll tell you all the problems this is a hypothesis oh yeah sure right we're not sure we think it rotates on the snake river transform because that's where the western idaho shear zone ends as a north-south boundary but also it's north america so again it's hard it's rigid right so that can be the pivot point there we don't know how much is rotating like we don't know how far into idaho the rotation goes um i assume the blue mountains are rotating with it um and the paleo mag of the blue mountains is perfectly consistent with this rotation right and moreover it explains how you rotate the blue mountains right because you're basically rotating it on this up to 45 but then you're stuck right because there's now there's no more deformation and no more left lateral movement on the lewis and clark line it's stuck so after that it's only the blue mountains that rotate so the last 16 degrees of rotation is going to be blue mountains only north america is going to be fixed this is great how do you want to proceed let's go to let's go to the blue mountain rotation i think good is that all right yep absolutely okay so if we go to the blue mountains well this is worked by rob mccaffrey and he's he's basically going to use geodesy and he's going to say this oregon block which he's modeled as a bunch of different blocks and again worry about these near ones the coast is going to maybe do something else okay a little bit more yep right so that may or may not help but what you talked about earlier was this diagram which is the geodesy right and it when you look at this you you say to yourself all right where is that rotation axis right because it's basically a big swirl right and the swirl the center of that swirl is something like this it's somewhere up in here yeah right it's it's certainly in western idaho and so when you were talking about the yakima it's like but why why is it there and the answer is the pre-cambrian boundary oh because the pre-cameron boundary right this is the rift segment here that goes through mccall this is the transform segment that comes out from oregon the blue mountains are the lever arm like on a pinball machine uh-huh the pin is in this precambrian notch the ridge with the ridge transform hole is basically going to be the center of rotation and then that's my best attempt to put the latest gps pole of rotation on there so the blue mountains is a pinball stick right it's and so everything north of it is your yakima fold and thrust belts right and it's the seattle fault and it's all that crazy stuff but you can you to do a pinball you have to shorten in front but you have to extend in the back yeah yeah right so you can take a cross-section and you drew this uh in your indomitable way earlier and that's a cross section north south through here through the anthropology thrust belt but if you take a cross section through hell's canyon you son of a you're involving hell's canyon in this well it's the same thing it's the same they are literally the same basalt there are the grand ronda salts here shortened right and they're shortening north-south and here in hoyles canyon they're extending east west the same basalts and then just to do this and show you two different transects if you go up here there's actually a big normal fault in hell's canyon and for the people who are not from north america the biggest canyon in north in the us is not the grand canyon it's hell's canyon it's deeper and it's right on the idaho oregon border and sometimes it's not you don't get a big fault there but the whole region has this sort of wide it's sort of a fan and the closer you get to orofino the less and less extension you get and if you're in the yakima fold and thrust belt as you go towards orofino the less and less contraction you get so hell's canyon extension is really the is the twin of the yakima fold and thrust belt all of them explaining this basically 16 degrees this one debris of rotation since about 16 million years ago so where was your pivot point from the earlier rotation down by boise or further south it's probably further south so if you go to if you look at a map of the pre-k brand let's see if i can pull that up quickly if if you if you look at now the pre-cambrian and you have ridges and transforms the next transform is the snake river transform these ones them the one down the in that goes from nevada to california that's the minor deflection but these seem to be in their correct orientation the tren the snake river and mina so you haven't rotated them yeah only rotated stuff north of the snake river transform so i my expectation and its only hypothesis is that the rotation is pivoting on the snake river which means this area is going to get messed up right you can't not follow that up so isn't the elephant in the room why the rotation is happening to begin with what's driving the rotation well okay now that is a great question you asked that of ray yesterday um and it it's hard so basically tanya atwater in 1970 wrote a great paper where she was able to um connect the um plate the spreading centers in the pacific plate offshore california and in probably the most important piece of work in courtier and tectonics was able to say that basically all the whole system is a right lateral system it's a obliquely divergent right lateral system early on that becomes an obliquely convergent but it's basically a strike slip system and so that is really um the start of it but the rotation of okay so now we have to talk about which rotation we're talking about the myosin to present rotation um we're then talking so for talking about this rotation as you said this is driven almost certainly by this sierra nevada block it has a this big dextro fault on this back side the eastern california shear zone system and the pivot point is probably an orafino the blue mountains are the lever arm that basically hold it out so the the elbow is fixed the elbows are afino the lever arm is the blue mountains and then the sierra nevada is what's pushing it up so that is probably how that system was and it's basically coupling of the pacific plate to north america or um at least for the rotations on the coast of oregon and washington has to do with the oblique subduction of juan de fuca so that's the young one the old one has got to be the insular terrain it's the only thing right because here you're not moving in a korea terrain you're not moving a little blob on the edge of north america right we're moving north america right actually you're doing that and and that's why the lewis and clark zone is such a big deal because it's never made any sense to me but the lewis and clark line divides canadian style tectonics from the laramie block uplifts they are bounded by the lewis and clark line and it's like you can't run an accreted terrain and and right there's plenty of korea trains that run into canada but you're not doing laramie block uplifts yeah here you've actually taken north america and you're running north america into north america basically along with the blue mountains and that's probably why you're doing it okay i i mean i got one more and then you can do some finishing touches and then we go to the live chat if you're okay sure the older rotation story is brand new to me like in real time and the younger rotation we have our we know our plates offshore we've got the pacific going northwest the one if you could play going north east generally in a weird way can this older clockwise story say something about what the plates were doing offshore they were unambiguously moving in a right lateral sense right you can't if you move things sinisterly down the coast you would rotate counterclockwise right so you can say they're rotating clockwise could you do this all with oblique subduction i don't think so because there's plenty of oblique subduction but you get the strike slip systems in the arcs when you do that things like sumatra yeah to pull something so far in it probably wouldn't work oh man you've come through again you've done it again well i'm not so sure about that so can i give you one more wrinkle good put some finishing touches up one last touch here is if you buy the accreted terrain stories now now i am going to talk about baja bc there you go oh this is too busy basically can you go full screen on this give us oh sure a little bigger chance to do you know what i'm gonna go i think this is gonna be easier to see this on okay yes great right here is the inner so insular is offshore i'm going to take sanders picture because you know it's hard to disagree with this even if you don't like paleo mag here's the intermontane terrains yeah the intermontane terrains also restore to base almost northernmost california okay right and that's exactly what the paleomag says that these things have traveled about a thousand kilometers in round numbers so is as you move not just the insular north but the intermontane north you open up a hole and that hole is going to be right here and that hole is where celestia is going to fit in the abandoned the embayment itself is probably caused by the movement of these terrains northward this is a kitchen sink show everything we've talked about is in this story it's amazing well it's again it's trying it's because you don't take just pieces you try and look at the whole thing right the pre-cambrian actually matters when you when you start looking at the history and so celestia i mean yakita probably would have been happy to stick around in oregon too but there just wasn't room in the end right so it has to go and so um and so i think the reason it sticks around rather than subducting is there's basically a place for it to fit that pulls the subduction zone out to a more consistent orientation that may or may not be true right that's also a hypothesis but the point is there must be sort of a hole here that at least in part is the movement of these terrains north but in part remember is also the rotation of that palouse that precambrian promontory way out to the east right what the question is always then why is that margin of north america in idaho rather than sticking out somewhere in oregon and the answer is it's probably been pushed in yeah i see a few in the live chat want to see that chart that you tried to put on for a second would you mind you're in full screen can we go back to that compilation diagram oh got too excited there well i joined the club hold on hold on there we are there so right this is bob obviously which i didn't think i said i was not going to talk about but basically there's the insular terrain coming in hitting at 100 right and then it starts to move north um it forms the western idaho sheer zone right as as in the arcs as well i mean it's not just there there's also 100 million year old shearing in the sierra nevada that's also right lateral and transitional that's worked like aaron yoshinobu um working with crew graduate student named kruger and then it basically comes up but then you get stuck up here the blue mountains get stuck they get pushed in in the idaho segment whereas to the north everything just kind of moves north this is part of this new paper that's in review right now that's right but i really what i was really trying to show this is the only paper i had that had it is the columbian payment because the intermontane terrain was down here so this is the 65 million year old thing but it has pulled north and it has left a hole what's interesting is there's little bits of the intermontane terrain even down in northwest nevada they're just little pieces of it but then you've got nothing then you get the blue mountains there's kind of stuck in there but there's basically a hole so celestia has got a place to go so you're not necessarily wild about ray kind of having a catcher's mitt and saying part of the embankment might be from the collision of celezi itself no i think he i think he actually could well be right about that okay but it you had a very wisconsin deer hitting a deer analogy right but the point is the car is concave yeah right that there's kind of a scoop shape for it to go go in i'm so i they're i actually think they're that's not incompatible but there is sort of a little it's not a little sphere hole but there's basically a mark there's an indentation in the margin left by these northward moving terrains who baby okay i uh i've hogged your time i i want to get the get our viewers involved and um you can maybe see the chat now as well i don't know i will oh you're calling this um my god you are really something i'm going to scroll back yeah it's time viewers to i don't know how many we got here about a thousand maybe and uppercase if you're new to us that's how i can kind of see that you're asking a question i'll i'll get a started basil you got a few more minutes basil yeah okay thanks uh ricky z man asks is the rate of rotation related to the juan de fuca to pacific plate change as it meets the north american craton you want that again is the right is the rate of rotation related to the juan de fuca to pacific plate change as it meets the north american craton it's an interesting question actually and i don't know the answer i think the sierra neva right so orafino is going to be here gotta go with this the sierra nevada's gonna push it up you know it's gonna pivot at orofino i think it's probably pacific north america down in california yeah and just to be clear it's pacific sierra nevada block because the sierra nevada block is separate from north america and it's moving differently than say salt lake city right which is more fixed to north america so the sierra nevada is sort of its own player and so in that sense it's probably more related to that again what's happening though with the juan de fuca plate is that it's a free margin right it's easy to push a subduction system out or at least that's how we think about it so it's kind of you can escape that motion out and i think ray talks about that in his models carol asks a similar question to what was asked yesterday but we'll try it with you too do we know why the rotation stops in canada i assume she's talking about the more recent rotation uh i think ray answered that yesterday and it and um i'm trying to remember exactly how he phrased it but i again since you're pivoting on that point or if you know you can't basically get it out there's sort of a limited rotational um out and the canada is a backstop so basically it's not going to deform very much north of there and so and if you don't deform north of there you push all the deformation there so that's the yakima fold and thrust belt so basically the atmosphere and thrust spells like the shock absorber if you want which is why it doesn't propagate into canada uh just for the record i like your pinball thing uh i used to call them flippers like is that what that's probably what they're called i was never very good at it i wasn't either but maybe our viewers know exactly the right phrase but i i it took me a while matching the whole pinball machine and then like oh we're just talking about the two yeah the flipper yeah uh kyle uh asked does the western idaho share continue into utah no that's the fascinating thing it seems to end at um the farthest south we can find it is in the oahe mountains in southwestern idaho there's no equivalent structure what's interesting is it's an arc and so as you go south there is some arc rocks of exactly the same age um sarah trevino's working on those they have right lateral shear zones at 100. if you go south of that into the sierra nevada their right lateral shear zones at 100 in the arc and as you go so i mean the right lateral seems to start at 100 and it seems to be preferentially in those magmatic arcs which makes sense i mean they're weak they're basically magmas yeah uh feel free to grab one if you can see what what we're doing here i'm down to pretty close to live now oh well you can try this one i i think you kind of had your disclaimer at the beginning oscar in san diego how does geomagnetism compensate for magnetic pole drift that's a great question so what you're doing is you're comparing okay there's two kinds of drift one is the drift that happens about one every twenty thousand years and it's the movement of the again the right place the movement of the north of the magnetic north pole around the center of the spin axis of the earth that takes round numbers 20 000 years secular variation is a name that's used for it and you do that by taking multiple beds and averaging those beds so for instance granitic rocks cool over a long period of time is one way of doing it or you take a stack of basalts rather than just a single basalt flow so if you're doing basalts you need like eight to ten that's all flows to get a single one data point sedimentary rocks average it again as you take a whole series of beds so that's how you get around the secular variation problem the rotation because of um the movement of the continents you do by comparing outboard accreted terrain stuff to cratonic north america stuff so you look at like mid cretaceous intrusions in arkansas and that's how you find the protonic poles and then you compare them so that that's that or you can even look at all the different continents and then assume make models for spreading centers but usually the best is from the continent that you're trying to compare it to i can't hold it i mean i think this might be the last paleomag uh session this winter until next winter when we try to really get into more of this but it's more than just plutonic rocks that we're getting this paleomag data right you absolutely so so it's what's the range of rock types uh and age ranges that are all kind of telling this elegant story um so sedimentary rocks are so again with the caveat that this is not my expertise got it sedimentary rocks are hard to do right ray was talking about that you need very fancy equipment you need field free rooms you need to have the right to try to material getting in those samples but if you do all of that um they're quite good because they average time so that's that's why what you really want are interbedded volcanic lava flows with sedimentary rocks from which you can get horizontal and you want to go back and forth through time that is the win it all 94 study which says 3 000 kilometers of northward transport that's why that one's so bomb proof it's in horizontally bedded units that are innervated volcanics and sedimentary rocks so you know horizontal you know that there's no flattening strain and so and that's reproducible so basically another paleo magnetism randy bank and went in and redid it and it's like yeah that's exactly what it is and where were those field sites with that perfect situation um those were in southern british columbia okay the tie out in basin amazing uh let's do three or four more i should have these ready to go sorry coast to coast when the wanda fuca plate totally subducts will the rotation change that's a great question so what will happen there is that coastal oregon so what's going to happen is the san andreas system is going to keep moving north and then you'll ultimately have a strike slip system through going so remember there's a sanitary system in the north juan de fuca and then you've got another strike slip system in canada called the queen charlotte or the um fault system and so the queen charlotte sanders will become one and then you're going to just keep moving material north up the coast until there's a play change of the pacific plate and you know who knows when that'll be and why it'll change but it will okay well we are heading to the north cascades in the next couple of shows and pat in yakima wonders did the rotation drive the straight creek fault it's out of your expertise possibly it's possible it's certainly possible my problem is when did the straight creek fault move i think it might be slightly earlier than that so i can't say without knowing if the if the straight creek fault is moving after 18 million years i would say probably did but i think it's an earlier structure than that i should know that this is bad i should know that you're fine the stick the straight creek fault had action on it between 50 and 35 million years ago that's what i recall but it's but it's older than 16. yeah yeah well during a time when you don't have well documented clockwise rotation anywhere right and there's there's also going to be a reason for that because when the extension comes in and its extension kicks in at 55 the extension's oblique the extension is not north the accreted train is pulling out the credit trains pull out to the north with a right lateral sense of shear on them well that's a big that's our time window really for the rest of the winters 60 to 40 million years and speaking of which we formally have not talked about the chalice magmas yet in this series but sven asks could the lewis left lateral fault be glued by the chalice magmas yes so the problem and you're gonna you're gonna run into this so we might as well get it on the table lewis and clark line is sinistral until about about 55 and then it becomes dextral it actually turns around and changes its motion and that's it's totally sensible why it's doing that um but it's i don't know whether i want to get into this but the point is it reactivates in the opposite way associated with the extension that's the way of saying it well i think that's how we'll finish because um i think i mentioned to you by text or something that's a pretty new thought to me that you can take a structure a fault from a collisional story and then suddenly it's not a collisional situation anymore and the thing is is reactivated in the opposite sense or a different sense and in the back of my mind when we go to the north cascades and we see certain kinds of faults doing things at a certain time i guess in the back of my mind now i'll realize well how old is that structure and was it doing something completely different in an earlier time do you know of examples in the northwest besides the lewis the lewis uh left lateral fault that's uh that does this about face thing there's a truism about faults that they reactivate um and so you will find that a lot of the shortening structures will reactivate as extensional structures um when you get to this so because everything's collisional in at least the coast ranges um up to again it sort of but somewhere around 55 million years and then it's going to go extensional and so their weak structures they're parallel you know they're going to just keep going the only thing is it seems like the as i read the literature the dectal motion continues in the cascade core longer than it does south of the cascade court so in other words you might get strike slip i think it's until about 45 um up in the cascade so that it's going to go on a little bit longer interesting well come on now uh you're two for two with these appearances and uh we all really appreciate your time i don't know where you are in the semester is it finals week this coming week no last week of classes unfortunately so god oh god so you you got everything else going on too so a special thanks for all that coming in on a sunday morning so it's always a pleasure nick thank you basil all right well have a good day thanks much and we'll see you next time whenever that happens to be okay i gotta get rid of you how am i gonna do that come on okay here i go goodbye well i hope you enjoyed that as much as i did basil teacoff university of wisconsin madison in the late stages of the fall semester i didn't realize they were still at it i probably wouldn't have bothered him if i knew that he's been working around the clock with his teaching and grading and everything else um i don't have the ipad working let me we'll do a few more questions and come down to live but before i forget let me uh write out the next couple of times i'm going to see you if you want to join us again um well what's today this is uh session so we'll do a couple more questions with you but before i forget i want to let you know that the next time we will do one of these sessions is back to our normal schedule so wednesday december 15th at 2 p.m pacific time it will be session j and we'll have another guest i've already lined up who that is and i'll have a couple days monday and tuesday to think seriously about what i want to do with you all and the guest on wednesday and then as a programming note the following weekend will be the last weekend before the holidays that will be at it we'll do one saturday morning december 18th at 9 a.m pacific and session l will be sunday a week from this morning sunday december 19th at 9 00 a.m pacific so you know most of you are not able to join us live and totally make sense to me um and you watch them in replay i am noticing people are watching these replays and they're watching them in order then the view numbers continue to build so so great to see that but those that like joining us live and asking questions directly we'll look for you next time wednesday at 2 p.m pacific uh vimmins is locked out of the building well jeff if you're there um i uh i put a rock in the west door and that's our little uh secret entrance so i mentioned that in the last show so if jeff you're watching right now i'm pointing to the the little west door i've got a rock uh propping the door open uh to allow you to get in and if you can get in i'm not gonna go look for you now i guess jeff maybe you're watching in real time uh a couple i'm gonna scroll back and just find three or four more questions that that maybe bazel didn't get to all this stuff about fitments uh i don't know how else to do except spending 20 minutes going to find them outside and i don't want to do that yes it's cold outside oh good lord vinmens vinmens venmens you gotta love it papa gino was the pivot point creators of the moon well i hear him he just got in jeff we'll get him on camera here hang on hey jeff hey jeff hey jeff come on over you're good let's have you say hi to these guys oh well come on special guest you look right into that camera good morning [Music] i should show these right out of the oven where's all the people i don't know they're not out there i don't see anybody okay you are going to do come on come on come on talk to how long you've been uh operating the bakery here in town uh coming up on seven years seven years been there 20. and uh um have you had uh people from our series in the live chat drop in over the last year or so quite a few uh over this summer there were quite a few out-of-towners that came through and they would always say something and it was always great to see them it was just like instant friends so i i love the zender crowd very much been good to us you're not normally in on a sunday morning no i had a little work to do for the tav they had biscuits and gravy this morning so i thought well i'm here i'll make some cinnamon rolls and run them up to you but if nobody else is here you're going to be taking all these home so sorry about that they must be somewhere okay well i'll make sure they get to them well thank you thank you okay i'll just leave him here thank you jeff okay see ya appreciate the effort okay is the is the sierras are the sierras still affecting the current rotation they're part of the rotation um i'm still a little confused on what's driving the rotation i i i'll stick with kind of the way that i've been teaching it i think which is realizing that uh these offshore oceanic plates are driving that but i think i'm missing something in that story live chat's frozen let me get down now i'm coming all the way back we'll do two more it's almost 10 30. oh it's all bendmin stuff okay a toast to you and a toast to our guest dr basil tickoff from the university of wisconsin here's to basil a toast to you and your health your mental health your physical health and the well-being of all who surround you family and friends this continues to be a very polarizing time worldwide we don't need to get into that but i mention it because there's a decided effort here to avoid that even in geology to avoid the confrontation and the good guys and the bad guys but of course the subtext is it feels like everything is good guys and bad guys now and i'm sick of the extremes on both sides of any issue i'm just tired of it i don't know where you are i'm just tired of it so let's get away from the fringes let's get away from the edges of this the polarizing extremes and let's just embrace the commonality that we have i regret even saying that here's to a polarizing comment perhaps i'll hear about it here's to us last comment i've mentioned this off and on over the last two years i'm getting about a hundred emails a day and i just can't reply to all those emails and i i see them all i read them all i just don't have enough time to reply to all that stuff and so i just this is the most efficient way for me to say thank you for your the time to write and i'm genuinely sorry that i i don't have the time to reply now if there's a geologist who i'm emailing with and potentially joining us here then they take priority i'm sorry and i try to reply when i can but there's just not enough hours in the day okay i did the toast i'll figure out what happened with the ipads probably an easy fix and thank you i love you and we'll see you on wednesday 2 p.m pacific for session j of that crazy eocene a to z thank you i love you and goodbye

Channel: Nick Zentner

Views: 16,460

Keywords: Nick Zentner, Basil Tikoff, clockwise rotation

Id: empquR_oM04

Length: 93min 37sec (5617 seconds)

Published: Sun Dec 12 2021