Did the CONFEDERACY Have BETTER GENERALS? (Checkmate Lincolnites) - 1

welcome back everybody to another reaction video well uh you may notice things look a little different uh and this was really awesome andrea reached out to me on discord sent this kind of frame to me which i think looks fantastic and said hey see what you think of this and let me know if you have any tweaks any ideas so i thought i'd try it out today for this reaction video you guys let me know what you think is there anything maybe we can tweak to make it a little more uh you know user-friendly to make it more or less you know what you think it should be so let us know in the comment section below um what you think of this frame that we're using for the videos i think it looks great i didn't even ask for it but andrea great job appreciate you reaching out just one more reason why our community is so fantastic on this channel i also want to say thank you to the folks who have donated in the go fund me toward my travel expenses we went over the amount that our uh our mods on discord set uh you can still donate to that if you so choose if that's the way you want to support this channel also supporting through patreon all of the funds raised through patreon go directly to my travel fund to help me to be able to make original content from historic sites and there's a lot of that coming soon so i got a lot of messages a lot of comments from people saying hey uh checkmate lincolnites has a new video you gotta check it out so here we are i promise we're gonna get back to the caesar series but we keep getting distracted with civil war content so we're gonna check this out haven't watched it i believe it's brand new today and it's a 50 minute video so i'm probably going to break this reaction up into two parts we'll do part one today do part one tomorrow before i head to boston but this is did the confederacy have better generals so i'm curious to see what he has to say let's get right into it check mate what oh there must be somewhere old jeff davis can go nope might as well change his name to norman c francis because he is done what never mind just some local humor yeah i don't get it either how long that game go on for uh seven months well this is ridiculous i never stood a chance you were fighting with one hand tied behind your back well with all your industry and naval power and some such naval power what board game were you playing but i think we both know who were the finest soldiers the men of the south never before in all the annals of military history were there a finer collection of officers at war than those of the confederate states are and that is the common thing that is said right that you know the south had the better generals they were fighting on their home turf so those were their advantages but of course the north had the industrial might the manpower the resources the materials that's kind of usually how it's framed as far as it can you know as the civil war goes lee jackson forest long street we don't talk about him and what he means by that is um we've talked about this on the channel james longstreet uh kind of became a pariah in the south after the war because he became a republican which was the uh the party of lincoln and grant and you know the party that prosecuted the war basically and uh so he became a republican served in a republican administration as the minister to turkey um by and large was kind of persona non grata in the south after the war and so he waited until a lot of his political uh outspoken opponents died and uh late in his life he died in 1904. uh late in his life he wrote an autobiography to kind of tell his side of the story early beauregard mosby and i'm sure there were some other ones too oh the names of these men ring down through the generations as many action great masters of the otter war if they were so good why didn't they win checkmates davis sites [Music] i'm sorry billy but it simply does not have quite the same ring to it as checkmate lincolnites the program where we obliterate the righteous cause myth are disgusting yankela which dares to suggest that the sultry balmy beautiful south seceded from the union over the issue of slavery so i can't help when he says the sultry balmy south but think of that just excruciatingly painful part of gods and generals where the actor that plays sandy pendleton pendleton who uh just one of the many casting choices that i wish hadn't happened in that movie they're drinking lemonade he's drinking lemonade with stonewall jackson and he says that here's to the sultry bulmes south uh and just oh i hate that part could you imagine such a thing tonight we shall prove once and for all the uncontested martial superiority of the confederate soldier upon the field of battle that's right folks the best generals were saw them the yankees won for a couple of reasons they had more money and manpower given time any fool can win a wall the truth from that was part of it sure but don't you think you're overstating the case nope nope nope nope no sir no sir we were doomed from the start and we only held on for as long as we did because our brave boys fought like wild cats in battle one of us was worth ten of your feet urban yankees so before he even gets into his argument which i don't know it's what it's gonna be yet but uh i will say i'll give a couple of my own thoughts before he gets into it and then i'll kind of respond to what he says um i think that lee for example is probably overblown a little bit as far as his ability uh he was fighting against some pretty incompetent commanders on the union especially early in the war um jackson also i think probably gets oversold as a great general in part because he died and a lot of times when people die in the middle of something they get romanticized as being greater than they really were jackson had some pretty miserable failures particularly at the seven days battles where he did pretty bad um coming off of his victories in the in the uh shenandoah valley now out west the story is not the same i mean there were some pretty incompetent confederate commanders in the west so i'll be curious to see what he says about all this immigrant hearts not to mention how ingenious commanders who held on against the abolition army for longer than was thought possible until after four years of arduous service marked by unsurpassed courage and fortitude we were compelled to yield to overwhelming numbers and resources oh i see what you're doing there you're quoting lee's farewell address after a surrender at appomattox you know it's interesting because with the very verbiage of that address lee abrogates his own personal responsibility for defeat it was all just overwhelming numbers and resources no other reason certainly not confederate mismanagement or the competency and skill of the united states army i mean no no no that would be crazy well now now i will say this uh prior to 1865 uh lee had held his own pretty well against that overwhelming manpower resources it's not like suddenly the union had overwhelming manpower and resources they had that from the start now granted as you get into 64 65 the confederacy starts running out of those things they also have a serious issue financially when it comes to inflation and the uh the build up of the pressure from the union blockade which is going to compound as time goes on just like the blockade did say in world war one of german ports as time goes on those blockades become more and more of an issue so it did compound as time went on but you know the union always had that advantage i just think lee finally went up against a general in grant who recognized the advantage they had and took took advantage of it i think you've really lost it the north's industrial capacity was massive see this photograph this is the shipyard on one william webb in the east river and manhattan this ironclad under construction and state of the art over 300 feet long more than a match for any confederate warship then in use however this behemoth would never face the confederate navy for it was commissioned by the italian navy and would see service in the battle of lisa against austria-hungary in 1866. see the north's industrial capacity was so humongous that it could not only more than provide for its own military but for the militaries of other nations as well that's actually uh a really interesting tidbit but you know god isn't always on the side of the biggest battalions history is full of wars where the side with the lower population and fewer resources won the haitian revolution uh the vietnam war the winter war the list goes on hell i think you guys had a better chance of beating us in the civil war than we had of beating the british and the revolutionary war and of course the difference there's a lot of parallels between the confederacy and the revolutionary war in terms of the conditions necessary for victory the american revolution was never going to be successful on its own they basically needed foreign money and intervention uh and in this case it was france and spain primarily france but also spain so those things had to happen but it also was not a situation where the united states was going to win on the battlefield by defeating the british army they had to outlast the british populace until the british government finally realized that it was getting too expensive and too costly in terms of manpower to continue and they finally lose the will to fight that's what needed to happen in the civil war the confederacy needed the same set of circumstances they needed intervention by foreign powers support from those foreign powers and then also for the union to give up wanting to fight and once or twice he almost did yes if only jackson had survived his grievous wound to chancellorsville and went on to carry the day on july 1st of cope's hill if only the yankees had not found general order 191 during the maryland campaign then ole miss robber would have whooped little mac for show if only the british had joined us in the fact and was in there red and gray when i'm marching all the way to washington the british were never going to join on the side of the confederacy they might have supported them financially they might have opened up trade they were never going to send an army they were never going to send a bunch of resources especially after the emancipation proclamation turned it into a war about freeing the slaves the confederacy was done at that point with any hope of getting help if only sherman would have spontaneously combusted at the battle of chattanooga then atlanta never would have fallen if only we could have cloned jeb stewart so he could be in both the western and the eastern theaters at the same time that would have shown well in the west they had nathan bedford forest who was every bit as competent a cavalry commander as jeb stewart was the federal's a thing or two if only judah p benjamin had unleashed the power of the ark of a covenant melting the faces off of all those so judah benjamin was a part of the confederate government and he was jewish so it seems like maybe going a little bit far there yankee scoundrels i'd like to formally apologize for what you just said about the world we surely would have won the wall then circling back yeah history has shown that a large industrial capacity doesn't always correlate with a nation's ability or willingness to make war fair lest we forget there was substantial anti-war sentiment in the north throughout the civil war especially in the summer of 64 when the public perceived that the war was going extremely badly for the united states i don't know if i completely agree with that because by 64 vicksburg had fallen the union was marching on atlanta um and of course i mean there was the casualty figures coming out of grant's overland campaign were pretty brutal uh and yeah there was certainly an anti-war sediment but i don't know that it was any worse in 64 than it had been in the first three years before that maybe i'm wrong keep in mind this was after gettysburg and vicksburg when the tide supposedly turned against the rebels now of course in hindsight it's easy to say oh well the confederacy was doomed at that point but for people at the time it was far from certain during the grueling sieges of petersburg in atlanta there was a tremendous amount of public pressure on president lincoln to enter into peace negotiations with the confederacy there was that pressure especially from the democrats but again i don't know that it was that strong it was there and there was a certainly a significant portion of people but i don't know that it was even a majority of the population it was only after sherman's capture of atlanta and sheridan's scourging of the shenandoah in 64 that the public began to regain hope that the war could be won if the presidential election of 1864 had been held in august instead of november then lincoln probably would have lost and george mcclellan would have become president and if his timid conduct as commanding general of the army is any indication of how he would have conducted the war as president i think it's pretty safe to say he would have given the rebels ample opportunity to bounce back and i don't know if i agree with that either i think it would have been a closer election it was a landslide for lincoln in november i don't know that public perception of the war changed so much that it went from being a mcclellan victory to a lincoln victory an overwhelming lincoln victory but let's say that it did let's say for a second that mcclellan wins in november 64. number one mcclellan unlike his party uh the democratic party as a platform had a negotiated peace with the confederacy but mcclellan personally did not and the other thing with that is that mcclellan would not have become president until march of 65. by that point the war was over i mean the only thing that they were waiting on was for the weather to get good enough for for grant to finish lee off uh and sherman by that point is marching into the carolinas and the war was over in march of 1865 it just hadn't been finished yet i don't think mcclellan's election would have changed that timid yes on that we can agree a fine administrator not such a great field commander oh i was half expecting you to defend mcclellan and proclaim him as some sort of military mastermind but not even you would stoop so low how's that humble pie taste billy it's a little dry well you conceded a point so i shall graciously return the favor perhaps i did exaggerate to the roller industry and federal victory however if industry didn't do it then the yankee attendance at all tyranny certainly did in the 20s and 30s historian frank l osler argued that the confederacy had quote died of states rats our commitment to freedom was too great that our states could not coordinate under strong central power now i will concede that i don't think it made a difference in the outcome of the war but that was a major issue and jefferson davis argued that point that if he had the the power that lincoln did he could have prosecuted the war differently he constantly dealt with governors that were um you know fighting with him over the whole state's rights issue which is interesting because the argument being that the confederacy was all about states rights but then turned around and had stage rights be an issue for them it's kind of funny that then they wanted to have a strong central government and it hamstrung our war effort what are your thoughts owlsly's full of [ __ ] first off his entire premise is a fiction i mean sure davis clashed with governors over stuff like troop allocations for local defense but these were outlying events the importance of which he greatly exaggerated but more importantly i just don't buy that the confederacy's internal divisions were responsible for its defeat no i i agree with that i think he's under selling the internal divisions a little bit i think they were a bigger issue than he's letting on but i agree that it it wasn't significant enough that it changed the outcome of the war totally agree with that north had to deal with internal division that was just as if not more intense than anything the south had to deal with i mean you take the 1863 draft riots for instance or the intense pressure on the lincoln administration throughout the war for swift and spectacular battlefield victories i don't know if that pressure was on the lincoln administration i think lincoln put that pressure on his generals and i think sometimes that was a problem i think lincoln's pressure on his generals sometimes caused those generals to make mistakes they might not have otherwise made now with mcclellan he absolutely needed to put that pressure on but like with burnside i think burnside made mistakes that he would not have made if there hadn't been so much pressure by the lincoln administration i think lincoln sometimes got too involved in what his generals were doing but uh now the draft riots and things like that the difference is that lincoln dealt with those things swiftly and strongly he dealt with things like what was happening in maryland with martial law and with uh suspending habeas corpus lincoln did a lot to kind of bend the constitution to deal with those issues in ways that i don't know that jefferson davis could or would or the political polarization that followed the emancipation proclamation that talk about hamstringing the war effort no any way you slice it the confederacy lost the civil war on the field of battle lincoln administration outmaneuvered them politically and the boys in blue annihilated them militarily sometimes when you start a bar fight you end up on the floor it happens i notice a hero worship of the northern generals ensieven hatred of the sovereign generals from our sjw historian why am i not surprised he's looking for a narrative to sell instead of facts why don't we break it down what's so great about all these c generals go ahead johnny ball's in your court i'll start strong shall i thomas j jackson he expelled the yankees from the shenandoah valley in a near flawless campaign a maneuver and decisively flanked hooker's 11th car chancellorsville he also froze during the seven days battles when his lack of coordination with liam longstreet caused horrifying numbers of unnecessary confederate casualty also got lost a few times during the seven days he is a hundred percent right about that people completely ignore how poorly stonewall jackson did in the seven days because they love to talk about what happened before that and after that uh he's right look i like jackson but i think his death was probably the best thing that could have happened to his reputation agree he would have fallen from grace eventually inevitable i mean could you imagine him fighting in the defensive grind of the overland campaign or the grueling trench warfare of petersburg his brilliance as an aggressive general was unmatched but in many ways he was kind of a one-trick pony and i think a compelling argument could be made that jackson's offensive tactics ultimately did more harm than good and you know what honestly you can even look at some of the the places where he fought on the defensive and didn't necessarily perform as well for example fredericksburg his line was broken at fredericksburg and it was only the utter incompetence of the union generals on the on the union left to not reinforce mead's breakthrough with mead's division that saved the day for jackson but jackson got broken at fredericksburg uh he got broken on hit on the left at antietam uh when he had to fight defensively and didn't get to use his strategy and spring you know a bold maneuver on somebody he's right take chancellorsville for example sure he won a flashy tactical victory that fills the pants of military history nerds with buckets of jizz but what did he actually accomplish in the grand scheme of things he smashed the 11th call of the union army okay and and and he got a lot of his own troops killed troops that lee could not afford to lose time and again throughout the war rebel generals tried to one-shot union armies with dramatic jacksonian offenses sure they might maul a core and gain a victory but the yankees always came back they never realized that gambling everything on one climactic decisive war winning battle was just a plain bad bet and it always cost the rebs more than they gained nick pixasse you're found in fault where there is none stonewall jackson was a mighty warchief whereas the union high command it was a veritable menagerie an income poops burnside pope butler banks mean don't you dare talk [ __ ] about george gordon mead and i'm with him on this i i think very highly of george gordon media as an as a general oh what you'll scurry up to the top of the hill and wait for me to come charge in after please don't take much brains to defend high ground with superior numbers the only reason we did not carry the field of gettysburg was because of that scalawag long street dragging his heels instead of launching his crucial offensive in concert with you millennials call yeah but look at you if you look at the battle of gettysburg yule's attack on uh culps hill still did not go off until aft long after long street had so i don't buy that argument that long street drug his feet and cost them the coordination with yule because it still didn't coordinate right and longstreet drug his feet because it was a bad attack if you go there and visit the ground it's a horrible place to attack it it was stupidity by lee to order that attack i don't blame longstreet for dragging his feet and then once we were treated that old snap and turtle mead did nothing to pursue us instead allowing us to return to virginia unmolested a fact that vexed abraham lincoln no end as the tyrant himself said you fought and beat the enemy at gettysburg and of course to say the least his loss was as great as yours he retreated and you did not as it seemed to me pressingly pursue him but a flood in the river detained him till by slow degrees you were again upon him you had at least 20 000 veteran troops directly with you and as many more raw ones within supporting distance all in addition to those who fought with you in gettysburg see i i love abraham lincoln and i think he was one of our greatest presidents but i've got real issues with how he handled some of his generals and how much he meddled in what was going on and if you understand that lee or that mead had only been in command of the army of the potomac for three days when the battle of gettysburg started i mean he had just taken command of that army after hooker resigned just a couple days earlier and then he suffers a third casualties in the bloodiest battle in american history at that point uh it's an understandable thing for him to have been a little slow in pursuing lee while it was not possible that he had received a single recruit and yet you stood and let the flood run down bridges be built and the enemy move away at his leisure without attacking him my dear general i do not believe you appreciate the magnitude of the misfortune involved in lee's escape he was within your easy grasp and to have closed upon him would in connection with her other late successes have ended the war as it is the war will be prolonged indefinitely if you could not safely attack lee last monday how can you possibly do so south of the river when you can take with you very few more than two-thirds of the force you then had in hand your golden opportunity is gone and i am distressed immeasurably because of it ah yes he wrote that letter to mead but never sent it because he realized that no good could come from chastising him after the fact god lincoln was so [ __ ] classy but you know i think his criticism here was actually pretty unfair whatever he seems to forget is that right after gettysburg mead was under orders to keep his army between lee and washington dc at all times if he had just gone charging after the retreating confederates he would have been acting in violation of those orders also his army had just won the biggest battle fought on north american soil that's definitely a consideration and as you always hear me say how do you define biggest battle most casualties yes most men involved in a fight no gettysburg is like fourth fredericksburg was the biggest battle i think chancellorsville was even bigger um you know there are what about 160 000 men involved at gettysburg not the biggest battle fought in north america they'd lost a full quarter of their combat strength and high casualties among high-ranking officers yeah effectively decapitated the army's leaders agree it was also pissing rain that whole week making all military operations more challenging and while the army of northern virginia was waiting for the swollen waters of the potomac river to proceed enough to ford they dug entrenchments and threw up earthworks they wanted me to attack them there yes beer used to be called dixie mead was no jackson right he never attacked without good intelligence and solid knowledge of his enemies dispositions was he a military genius no did he make mistakes yeah of course but as far as i'm concerned in the gettysburg campaign he did pretty much everything right yep lee didn't lose that battle george meade won it very well then i propose we shift our focus to the western theory oh boy here we go you sure you want to do that you sure you want to do that that's right it doesn't get any better for you talking about confederate generals if you go out west at least not at the army command level prepare to quake in your boots billy yank and allow me to present the most daring cavalry commander of the war you know him you love him it's nathan bedford foreign there's that god-awful statue i don't even know where it is but i see pictures of it all the time nathan bedford forest right slave trader clan leader repentant clan leader oh well that's okay then the sound oh well that's okay then it is fair to to point out the fact that he did repudiate the clan uh and he did back way off of their their activity after a while that doesn't justify i'm not defend i'm not gonna at all defend nathan bedford forest as a human being but to give a complete picture he did turn away from them the greatest cavalry officer was indeed appointed first leader the kkk he tried his best to keep it an honorable organization robbery lee had been offered the job first but feeling that it would violate his parole and feeling that a younger man was needed suggested forrest the clan was never an honorable organization it was founded explicitly to terrorize black people and deprive them of their rights as american citizens now forrest worked hard to keep his association with the clan secret but it's not all that hard to piece everything together in 1871 he was actually called to testify before congress as part of an investigation into the clan's terroristic activities and this is where i think people really don't give grant enough credit as president people talk about grant's presidency as a colossal failure because of the corruption by people in his administration that he wasn't aware of and he was kind of naive and got taken advantage of but grant did some incredible things when it came to civil rights especially in creating the justice department to help put down the clan he pretty much destroyed the clan as an organization at least for that time period and we're going to do some videos on reconstruction at some point because reconstruction is one of the most shameful periods in american history what happened to the former slaves in those years following civil the civil war i don't think enough people know about just how brutal and the murders that took place in the oppression and the terrorism that was uh done toward uh freed uh black people just uh it's one it's one of the most shameful periods in our history for sure here's what he had to say when vermont congressman luke p poland asked him point blank if he was part of the invisible empire are you a member of the ku klux general i'm not but i am in sympathy and will cooperate with them i know they are charged with metacrimes that they are not guilty of what do you think of negro suffrage i am opposed to it under any and all circumstances and in our convention urged our party not to commit themselves at all upon the subject if the negroes vote to enfranchise us i do not think i would favor their disfranchisement we will stand by those who help us and i want you to understand distinctly that i am not an enemy to the negro we want him here among us he is the only laboring class we have and we want black people here because they're the only people that will do those jobs is basically what he's him than the white saying or combat bag so carpet baggers if you're not familiar these are um what happens is a lot of um in the aftermath during reconstruction you have a lot of white northerners who go south to get elected to positions like you know people like adelbert ames who becomes a senator and a governor of mid of mississippi even though he's from maine so there's a lot of these people who go south and kind of take over everything as part of reconstruction and one of the things that happens i'm not going to get too much into this but one of the things that happens during reconstruction is that basically slavery comes back in all but name because a lot of these people because they weren't supported by the johnson administration a lot of these former slaves had nowhere to go had no place to work no place to live and so a lot of the former plantation owners would offer them jobs where basically the job was you have to sign yourself over to me as a servant for a contract for let's say two years i will feed you i will house you but i'm not gonna pay you anything and you're bound to me so like if you try you can't quit i could go to court and get the courts and the police to force you to come back if you decide to quit or go somewhere else and so it was basically slavery in all but name when i entered the army with me and 45 of them were surrendered with me i said to him at the start this fight is against slavery if we lose it you will be made free if we whip the fight you stay with me and bigger boys i will set you free in either case you will be free these boys stay with me they wrote my teams and better confederates did not live interesting black confederates black confederates don't get excited named andrew j flowers from chattanooga also testified at the hearing and he painted a very different picture of the clan's activities in tennessee do you now hold some office yes sir i am a justice of the peace when were you chosen the justice of the peace i was elected on the 4th of late august uh justices of the peace in tennessee elected by a vote of the people yes sir i was elected by a vote to the people i want to inquire of you particularly in reference to some violence which it has been understood was committed upon you a short time ago tell us the story in reference to that on the 18th between 11 and 12 10 and 11 o'clock i cannot say exactly which i woke up and there was a crowd of men all with masks around me with pistols in their hands they waked me up they called me by my name they took me out near a mile from the house tell all what they said they asked me what was my name i told them and some of them said oh yes you are the man we are looking for and so forth one of them told me they were gonna kill me he had a pistol in his hand after they got me out of doors the captain of the organization that called him captain told me that he was going with me said he would give me 25 lashes that i had and beat him that they were not going to allow it disgusting there was an organization organized by them to stop negroes holding office if they did not get out of office by being told and notified of which they were going to kill him and this happened over and over and over again in the south by anybody who tried to exercise the rights his constitutional rights to be able to vote for example the intimidation and the beatings and the murders that took place just for people trying to vote uh this is a story that was repeated throughout the south they took me up about a mile from the house it hit me as many as 25 times did they take you into a woods or a swamp they took me through the woods into an old field down near a swamp i had never been there before they took off my coat and whipped me with hickories seven or eight feet long they said they were going to give me 25 lashes and i guess they gave it to me they told me that if i would promise to resign my office when i went to chattanooga next morning they would turn me loose and i very readily promised it they required you to promise to resign your office yes sir flowers went on to describe how the clan was using intimidation and violence to keep black men from voting along with many other acts of domestic terrorism that nathan bedford forest not only aided and abetted but more than likely orchestrated oh you are dastardly billy yanking bismutch and general forrest so you know as well as i that in 1875 he gave a speech to a black civics organization in memphis in which he said we have but one thing one country let us stand together we may differ in color but not in sentiment many things have been said about me which are wrong and which white and black persons here who stood by me through the wall can contradict go to work be industrious live honestly and act truly and when you are oppressed i'll come to your relief the speech went over stupendously and as the crowd erupted in acclamation one african-american woman gave the old general a bouquet of roses and a peck on the cheek yeah he said that toward the end of reconstruction after the clan's goal of reestablishing the antebellum social order had been accomplished yep southern democrats were back in power at that point and forest could afford to be magnanimous i think his message here though presented in a very nice and friendly way was work hard stay in your lane stay in your place you won't have a problem that's exactly right stay in your place know your place black people and we'll get along just fine you be the laborers you be the lowly second class citizens and we'll be good yeah that's absolutely true i'm going to wrap it up right there i think that's a lot to take in we'll come back tomorrow with part two of this uh a mixed bag there's some things i disagreed with but by and large i understand where he's coming from and i think he's made some very solid points let me know what you think use the comment section below if you want to see the original video i've put a link in the description make sure you check them out i don't agree with a lot of what he says but i think it's a great resource for understanding some of the arguments on both sides and so for that i applaud him for that thanks for watching we'll see you again soon

Channel: Vlogging Through History

Views: 275,205

Keywords: civil war, black history, atun shei films, atun-shei reaction, american history, checkmate lincolnites, american civil war, atun-shei films, checkmate lincolnites reaction, reaction video, military history, atun-shei films civil war, historian reacts, atun shei films reaction, atun shei films checkmate lincolnites, atun-shei films reaction, lost cause myth, stonewall jackson, jefferson davis, atun shei, lost cause, robert e. lee

Id: 4CvcOUw0j5E

Length: 37min 12sec (2232 seconds)

Published: Sun Jul 04 2021