Definitions - Types (Lexical, Stipulative, Precising, Theoretical, Persuasive), Classification

welcome in this session we would understand what our definitions now this appears to be a very simple topic but usually around 1 to 2 questions are asked every time in paper 1 based on this topic so in this session we would understand what is definition the types of definition and the basic things you need to know about it for the examination point of view now this is a topic that is usually a part of logic we usually don't think about such common terms in our daily life but from a logical perspective or I could say from a philosophical perspective we need to understand this topic in depth now what does definition means Percy I can say it is something that is trying to make things more clear so if I say what is the spin or I want to define the spin I can say this is a object by which by the help of which I can write ok so that is one definition that I can profound similarly there can be different types of definitions that I can profound for a point of view of writer this would be much more than a fin okay so you can understand definition in various ways we will see further how we go so when we try to understand the definition you have two components of a definition I could say it is def in them and definite so the term which we are trying to explain for example here it was spend that would be dependent and what we are trying to explain about it the group of words that explain that single word would be definite so here Batchelor means an unmarried man that would be a definite and this would be your defender so that helps you to make give meaning to the word and make the thing more clear so I can say broadly it is a kind of integration of a concept to reach to a specific concept now there can be various types in which I can explain something the we'll start with a very simple ones first the first is formal versus extended so if I want to define water a formal definition of water could sing water is a liquid that consists of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen so I can say h2o and that is a very formal definition or a very direct definition of water but when I talk about extended definition of water what I can include is I can say what I said in the formal definition along with it I am trying to explain the physical or the chemical properties and some basic characteristics so I can say it's colorless tasteless or odorless it boils at certain degree added freezes at certain degree so that is what I am trying to incorporate into a extended definition so this was a very formal or a very simple classification I could say to explain or understand what is definitions now let's move on to something bit comprehensive so you have intentional versus extensional now when I say intentional versus extensional what does it mean intentional means I am trying to explain the features of something so for example I have a pen here so what I am trying to do is I am just trying to explain the feature of the spin that this is an object which is used to write so that is a kind of intentional definition or a definition which incorporates its features so this definition would lead to connotative demarkation of something however extensional definition is something when I am trying to extend the definition to a much broader perspective so for example I can say this pen is used by mostly by the students okay so what I am trying to do is I am trying to extend this definition further so for example if I say any object which revolves around a star in an elliptical path is a planet now I have defined the definition or I have defined what is planet now what I am trying to do in the next sentence I am trying to say venus is a planet now as an extension of this definition I can say Venus is moving in an elliptical orbit around a Sun which is Sun so what I am trying to do here is I am trying to extend my definition further so if I am trying to extend my definition outside its embed it would be extensional and this process is usually denoted so if you are clear with what is intentional and what is this extensional you can understand what is connotative and what is denotative so cannot attend would be something which is intentional in nature however denotative would be something which is extensional in nature so in simple terms intentional I can say it is a set of teachers which is shared by everything where I am trying to apply however extensional is something which is a collection of individuals which can be correctly applied to the group so that is extensional and extensional are usually denote ater now we will understand the types of denotative and types of qualitative explanations or definitions so when I say before they will try to understand the basic rules for denotative definitions because sorry connotative definition because for denotative definition we are extending it so we are describing it more so it can be beyond the ambit of the connotative definition so qualitative definition is something what it really means all we are trying to explain its features so there are five rules that must be followed to understand it first is we must focus on the essential feature so the essential feature of this pin here is to write so when we are trying to give a definition of pain you must not forget the essential feature then there should be no circularity no circularity means it's meant for just for a purpose of confusing for example if I say what is the definition of a cordless phone if I say a phone without a cord is known as a cordless phone that is a kind of circular definition you are just picking up the phrases and the words from the word itself and trying to explain the definition based on that and that is not considered as a good connotative definition now these rules were given by a COPI and Kohan and they believed that these five rules are the best rules to define a good definition then you need to capture the correct extension you need to capture what it is meant for you should not incorporate unnecessary stuff into the concept so that is another important thing then is avoiding figurative language for example if I meet someone and I agree them and I ask them I hope you are doing well rather than that I say I believe you are in the pink of the help that means I am using a kind of figurative language here which is usually not considered a part of good definition so don't use figurative language when you are talking about the basic qualitative definition and finally be affirmative negative statement usually does not lead to good definition an example would be if I try to explain who is the honest person I can say a person who rarely speaks lie would be honest person now this won't be a good definition because I am trying to incorporate into a negative meaning that is a person who really speak lie so that's a kind of negative things that I am trying to incorporate into the definition and health it won't be a part of good definition so these are certain rules that was propounded by copy and Kohan and they are considered as this is for formation of intentional definition or the qualitative definition now let's move and understand what are the types of denotative and connotative definitions so when I talk about the extensional definition I can define extensional definition into three types the one is when I am trying to give example about something so when I'm trying to explain about pen I am trying to give example of a specific pen say Parker so what you do here is you trying to substitute it by means of example the next is obsessive and quasi abstention now these are something you need to think about more when you are trying to understand there are certain things like values beliefs which you cannot define into statements similarly if I want you to explain or to define certain color say if I want you to define green color of this marker how would you define it the only way I can ask a child to understand what is a green color is by observing this color and asking him by pointing it out and asking him that this is a green color so that definition is a kind of extensional definition when you are merely pointing out the object to understand to help understand the concept or the definition of that thing so that is what is abstention now what is quasi extensive quasi extensive means here I am trying to not only point out but I am also trying to describe it for example if I am trying to explain yellow color I can say yellow color as in Sun a yellow color as in lemon or something like that so what I am trying to do is I am trying to mention the color along with something that describes or substitutes that color or helps you understand the meaning of that color so that is what is quasi abstention so cause your sensor is in a type of extensional definition when I am extending it and I cannot do it nearly in words so what I am doing is I am pointing it out and I am describing it by means of some substitutions that I have so that is what is quasi abstention so these are the three types of extensional definition so we talked about definition we talked about the two things the extensional and the intentional and the anti extensional you have the option civ you have the quasi extensive and you have the definition by example now let's move on to intentional intentional I can have two categories to understand it so what I have the four criteria that I am discussing here and then the five types that we would be understanding further so first is it from logical definition what does that mean if I say geography rather than explaining what geography means I break down the word in two parts and I explain the meaning of words for example geography is made up of two words geo plus graph is and this geo means earth and graph is means to describe so hence I can say geography is a subject which describes earth so what I am trying to do is I am trying to break down the existing word for example similarly happens with psychology or something else so what I am doing is I am breaking down the word in two parts and I am trying to explain the meaning of each Latin word usually Latin and then I am trying to say this is the meaning of the complete phrase so that is what is it for logical definition then is by synonym so rather than using the exact same word again and again you use synonyms for it all the words which are similar in meaning the next is operational definition operational definitions are usually considered under science so when I say it's usually conditional so if I say something is X then it can happen with I am only if so if I say Apple falls due to gravity on earth if and only if what I am trying to understand here is the presence of gravitational force so what would happen on moon would be something different or what would happen in something in space would be something different so there is a conditional parameter here so under operational definitions we usually talk about conditions so that can happen only and only if this is true and finally is the Jenness versus differential so jenis is a broad group and differential is a part of that group so what I am trying to do here is I am saying coffee table is a part of is a type of table so under table I am trying to explain all the tables however under coffee table I am specifically trying to explain that the type of type of coffee table they are smaller they are meant only for the purpose only for some specific purpose and so on and so forth so you have a genus which is a broad category and finally you have the differential which indicates the differentiating characteristics so that is how we understand or we understand the various types of intentional definition now if I understand the intentional definition in simple terms I can say what is horsepower I can say horsepower in previous days it was considered as a power by one horse but that couldn't be a good scientific definition so a power of each individual horse can be a power of baby horse and an adult horse can variant so on and so forth so hence there was a need for a standardization of the definition so what came up cause a power needed to raise the 550 points by one foot and one second and that would be around 750 volts so that is what is horsepower so when you are trying to define explicitly a dome you see that a complete or a proper definition so under intentional definition we would be talking about five types of definition that we would substitute here so first will be lexical or rapportive definition lexical means I am straightforwardly listing the meaning of the term so I can say it is I am trying to make the things more precise I am trying to bring it in a form of sentence and it is a kind of something that is a mixture of report events to plate a will see later so for example if I want to define prime number I can say prime number is a number which is divisible by itself and one so that is what is prime number but under lexical definition I cannot define the color trick so there was a need to interpret and to understand the various different type of definitions so this definition which could define color range would not be a part of the lexical definition so under lexical definition what I can do is I can precisely define what actually happens all I can explain the meaning of the term then now the next stipulative definition the stipulative definition means I am trying to create a new meaning to something from a existing definition for example cat for us means common aptitude test which is an MBA entrance exam but consider that in this office I have created a new rule where I say cat means come at time so what would be a benefit of this it would require lesser time it would be a single word to remember its might give secrecy within the office and it would provide economy of expression now these are all the benefits of stipulative definition and this is something which has been newly introduced within a fiction bit and you are not trying to use the existing framework of definition that is there so stipulative definition helps you understand or bring out something new now if I say stipulative definition I can say it is no meaning for a definition if it is given if I talk in terms of defender and deafening when I explain the term bachelor which means unmarried mean ok now this does not hold true in case of stipulative definition because what I am trying to do is I am trying to give a new meaning to this word however under lexical definition this holds very true but let's take an example of lexical definition where I am trying to explain unicorn a unicorn I can explain as an animal which is similar to horn which is us which has a single horn on the forehead and it is similar to horse so it is a kind of animal which is similar to horse with a single horn at a forehead and that is known as unicorn but what happens is unicorn does not exist in reality and when this thing does not exist in reality I can say lexical definition is true to the actual usage but it failed to be true to itself so when you are actually using it I can say this definition holds true but when you are saying that something does not exist then how can you say would be true so that is how we define or we explain the range of different different types of definitions or we provide meaning to different type of definitions the next year's precising definition precising definition means I am trying to remove any ambiguity or bigness with AC ambiguity means I am trying to remove anything which I am uncertain about so ambiguity means uncertainty so I am trying to remove anything which I am uncertain about add vagueness means I am removing any type of unclear things that are there so I am trying to provide more clarity to the concept so I am trying to provide more clarity to the concept when I am trying to eliminate vagueness so eliminating ambiguity and vagueness is a major idea behind precising definition so I can give a statement like this senior citizens will get discount on railway booking now what is ambiguous here or what is vague here I am NOT defining the age of the citizen what age at what age I would consider them to be a senior citizen is one thing that is not defined the second thing that is not defined as the amount of discount that is being applied so this would be a kind of weight definition what could be a kind of precise definition for this although it is senior citizens above age of 65 years will get 10% discount on Railway booking so this would be a kind of precise definition when I am precisely marking and I am removing all kind of ambiguity and vagueness that is present so if I say similarly I can say minorities get a certain benefit so in this what I am trying to explain benefits of the minority but what kind of minority minority could be based on religion it can be minority for Jann's minority for Muslims or but this then it can be based on region minority for Northeastern's minority for memory's Marbury's so on and so forth so unless and until you get or you try to remove them liquidity or the weakness of the thing the definition won't be a precising definition the next is a theoretical definition theoretical definition which helps you in general understanding and practice so for example if I say AIDS is a disease caused by HIV and it is due to a Portia mystic infection so that is a kind of definition that was considered a theoretical definition till long however recently in 1918 I said the definition of AIDS got revised and we say that aids is a disease occurring by HIV which is our postulate is opportunistic infection however it is also important that we note that under AIDS you have decrease in your immune system or detoriation of the immune system so that is a complete definition I could say similarly we can again incorporate the theoretical definition example as the horse pump horsepower that we recently talked about so rather than saying the power by each horse would be horse power I can precisely say the power that is used to move five 50 points by one foot in one second would be a horse power so that would be an exact theoretical definition and finally the last definition is the persuasive definition where you have some attitude or emotion that is attached to the definition so for example I can define rose as roses merely a flower but in case of a poet who is defining a rose there can be literature's and literature's that have been written on Rose so for hem a rose is much more than a flower so for him a definition of rose would be much higher or much beyond what is glamorous so that is the kind of persuasive definition so you can apply persuasive definitions to anything where you have your emotions or your attitudes attached to it so controversy of science and religion I could say when you are trying to define science or religion from different people's perspective it would be different so that would be based on the emotion and aptitude of the people so with this we cover the five types of intentional definitions that we discussed towards the last that is the lexical stipulative theoretical precising and finally the persuasive the types of intentional and extensional definitions and the basic meaning of definition I believe usually one to two questions directly or indirectly are asked from this section so I hope this would be this class would be fruitful for you for your upcoming examination on 10 July have a good day ahead

Channel: Examrace

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Keywords: Persuasive Definition, Theoretical Definition, Precising Definition, Stipulative Definition, Reportive Definition, Lexical Definition, Intensional vs. Extensional, Denotative vs. Connotative

Id: l0W6nb9EBBM

Length: 22min 55sec (1375 seconds)

Published: Thu Jul 07 2016