Day 1 : Session 1 Futuristic Research in Disaster Resilience Day

namaste namaskar and good evening to each one of you who have joined us today esteemed dignitaries and we are participants i rupa priya jk assistant professor in the department of civil engineering and also the training and placement officer of bbc mysore will be your host for the day i request every one of you to kindly mute as we proceed with our today's program thanks for your cooperation the respective members of the management of vidyawataka sangha shri gundam gowda the honorable president of the sangha and engineering executive director national institute of disaster management government of india new delhi our beloved principal dr b sadashiva organizing chairs dr chandan gosh professor at national institute of disaster management government of india new delhi dr s k prasad professor and head of the department of civil engineering bbc mysore dr h dean academic affairs dr gb krishna dean rnd dr umesh pk professor department of civil engineering bbc mysore our respected resource persons of the day dr dg sitharam who is the director at iit gulati and dr salvi ranjan who is the director advisor at iit madras chennai and our dear professors professionals and dear students warm greetings to you from bbc mysore the world is changing and we must change with it disasters cannot be avoided but we can be prepared to mitigate and prevent the damage associated with it with these important facts in mind and considering the importance of disaster management the national institute of disaster management ministry of home affairs government of india new delhi and the department of civil engineering with the verdict college of engineering i saw karnataka have jointly organized this three-day online training program on futuristic research in disaster resilience from june 11th to 13th 2021 it is a golden opportunity for all the participants to enrich their knowledge and to interact with eminent personalities like dr tg sitaram the director at iit guwahati dr salvi ranjin iit madras dr p vedagri iit bombay dr chandan gosh nidm new delhi dr ks baba narayan nitk suratkar before we begin this program let us invoke the blessings of god to do this i would like to request civil engineering students studying in the first year of our college with the avatar college of engineering mysore to render the invocation over to your chicken now thank you mom foreign my thank you chikana for making this program more auspicious with a melody's invocation thank you on the special occasion i feel extremely happy to introduce a person whose areas of interest are earthquake geotechnical engineering and performance-based design one of his international publications is on earthquake disaster management in different countries influence of culture of religion where he has provided an insight on some of the problems associated with infrastructure from earthquakes and performance of infrastructure during earthquake all over the globe the indian scenario is briefly discussed in comparison to other countries and emphasis is made to enhance practices of earthquake resistant construction in our country that's our respected hatchery of civil engineering dr sk prasad who secured first rank in engineering was awarded gold medals and cash prizes pursued m tech in iit kanpur and pursued his phd from the university of tokyo japan i request dr sd prasad to kindly present the welcome address over to you sir thank you madam very good evening everybody we are all in the midst of the pandemic we all know how difficult the situation has been for over a year government and other concern organizations are trying hard to manage the problem reduce the damage bring down economic instability and decrease the loss of life but that's not enough we need to get back to normalcy we need to come back to the original situation this is what defines resilience national institute of disaster management and idm has been working very hard in this direction creating awareness and to implement resilience during different disasters with the our college of engineering mysore popularly called vvce has been in the forefront in imparting engineering and management education we have seven undergraduate programs including civil engineering and three postgraduate programs i'm really proud and happy to state that all our undergraduate programs are accredited by mba and the institution has snack accreditation with an a grade it is an autonomous college under vishweshwarya technological university and is among the highly sought institutions for engineering admissions in karnataka pvc is not only providing excellent teaching learning environment to about three thousand students through 220 competent faculty members but also focuses on research and innovation these two organizations nidm and vbce have joined together for this three-day online program on futuristic research in disaster resilience involving seven excellent and eminent speakers i am proud and happy to welcome the dignitaries and participants for the inauguration of the training program firstly let me take pleasure in inviting major general manoj kumar bingham executive director and an idm in his absence as he is preoccupied he'll not be on the platform but he has sent his best wishes for the success of this online training program let me then welcome my you know very beloved friend and uh you know uh with whom i have a contact for over two decades professor chandan bush who is a senior professor at nidm in fact you know he has not got just one doctorate he has two doctorates one doctorate from iit kanpur and the other one in japan from ibaraki university i welcome professor chandan gosh for this inaugural i welcome shri gundam pagoda honorary president with the average sangha and engineer p vishwanathi former and first mayor of mysore city and honorary secretary of we are fortunate to have you both here sir and you are the constant source of inspiration for all activities of this kind i also welcome professor p g sitharam director iii for a keynote followed by his first lecture sir we are honored that you are accepted to be part of the inauguration and then to deliver the first lecture in spite of being very busy i take this opportunity to welcome respect the principal of the college of engineering professor b sadashive who is the main pillar of our institute and motivator for all such programs i also welcome sri shivalingapa honorary vice president video sangha sri i welcome dean academics professor h.s diana and dean rnd professor gb krishna and all other deans heads to the departments faculty members of without the college of engineering for the inauguration i welcome the technical team staff faculty members and students of the department of civil engineering i welcome the other honorable speakers professor c r murti of iit madras professor mahendra singh of iit roorkee professor salvi rajan dr salvi rajan advisor at iit madras professor veda giri from iit bombay professor babu narayan from nit suratkal and the members of staff and faculty of nidm most importantly let me welcome the participants i'm happy that you all have registered in large numbers amounting to maybe around 800 as i heard last we have academicians researchers working professionals and students as participants and you are the backbone of any such program i wish you all will have a great time my big welcome is to all of you who have assembled online thank you back to professor thank you so much sir a warm welcome to you too for this inaugural function we are very fortunate to have with us dr chandra ghosh professor national institute of disaster management government of india new delhi who believes that the disaster risk reduction is possible only through promotion of a culture of prevention involving all stakeholders he is a proud member of the national institute of disaster management which has a vision to create a disaster resilient india by building the capacity at all levels for disaster prevention and preparedness so will be a part of all the sessions and he will be interacting with all the participants so we are so happy to have you sir thank you but it is a very august uh gathering that in this afternoon i feel really touched by the arrangement that you have made in the team and family and the the host of students that you have attracted with honorable uh uh the president [Music] secretary principal all the dean every one of you uh that making an institute the name itself the that name it has registered not as a vvce of course it is a key word but that is a name that which has really made my heart really touched the engineering college having that that too in mysore where i have visited at least more than 10 times in the last 10 15 years of my uh being over here in an idm we have that uh that flavor of going there and meeting many of our friends and and also that the place that which is having such an ambiance that it is a temple that you have made at the temple that you are you are running with the young minds and training them making them worthy for the country so what from this site in delhi from an idm we just touched upon the string with professor prashad just over that that he wanted me to invite uh to give a lecture on something that i can speak so in that case then the proposal that okay why not we join hands so that way we made her and that joining of hands is not only defined that how many decades of friendship that we are having it is not by counting the two decades or even iit kanpur or even japan connection that we have but it is that your presence in the team as hod and also that you have made everyone over there you're making a line of instruction communication and information organization synchronization of the things that you have given uh all sorts of uh lightening enlightening uh you know being a member not as a leader you never considered yourself as a leader but being a member of the bigger team engineering team and sangha that it is a really eye-opening and very touchy enlightening moment for all of us and for all the participants and through the negativity of covetif effect but positivity that made vibrant in this gathering or in this occasion it makes i think all of us really not only connected but touching upon each other's heart to the best possible way that we can and the topic here chosen futuristic research or future research in disaster resilience is so so much that relevant to not only engineering faculty but also all sorts of all kinds of things that we live in so here of course while making this plan you have already planned everything only i came in between uh in and then we we made both the institution together and about 700 800 participants are part and parcel of this occasion so on behalf of our executive director mr general manoj kumar bindal and my team over here that my all faculty members we have eight four professors and then four assistant professor also we have host of young professionals uh more than 50 they are working in each on with us one of them have joined the joint here also so i i take this that led this flow of knowledge under the umbrella and its creations for the young generations that should go long way as long as the civilization survived let kobe third wave comes fourth wave comes or whatever it comes we have got the vaccines of our own and we are going to take the lead and we are going to supply this vaccine as a weapon to fight with corona third or fourth or or all kinds of strains that it is bringing or hurting us whatever way it is motivated or as a bioware whatever it is but we are not going to lose the war it is it is so in under this interjection or under this occasion that we assembled over here and when we have assembled in this way taking this online medium of communication is a part in parcel which you have created yours college you have created these things in this manner and connecting and extending through youtube channel and other things in such a way that really it is up to you your organizing capacity and as well as bringing this occasion happen in such a short period of time thank you very much and let us be together and it is let us not define that by our coordinates that where we belong to but we belong to this world and this civilization as long as we are there i think we shall continue working together and sharing each other's ethos and work for the resilience for the society making our young brands who are participants over here as a emissary to to not to fight only but to make this earth healthy and wealthy living place in the name of eco restoration decayed that united nations has started from the fifth june onward that there will be a decade of eco restoration so that will open up that will open up among us to make many more such kind of not only just only specialization but some kind of workshop or some kind of you know ground work that which will define not only by what we speak but also through our groundwork with this art in the name of eco restoration thank you very much thank you so much sir for those kind and encouraging words yes we are proud of vidya verdika college of engineering and vidyawata kasanga but after listening to you our proud feeling has actually doubled thank you so much for those kind words i feel privileged to introduce our respected principal of with the apartheid college of engineering mysore dr b sadashiva who is well known for his enormous patience kindness and intelligence dr b sadashiva who is a phd in mechanical engineering from the indian institute of science bangalore has rich experience both in industry and academia during his eight years of stay at malaysia as a professor of taylor's university he received excellence award from taylor's college for his academic excellence since 2007 dr b sadashivada is associated with the avatar college of engineering and under his able leadership the institution has been successful in getting nba and accreditation and we are now autonomous too so that's our principal dr b sadashivada i now request our respected principal to address us thank you madam um good evening to all of you i'm really happy to associate with the three-day online training program on futuristic research in disaster resilience which is being conducted in association with the national institute of disaster management all the deans and some departments all the participants you know the researchers academicians my colleagues good evening to each one of you disaster resilience is the capacity of the ability to respond in the event of disasters it could be the individuals communities organizations and states that recover without compromising long-term prospects for development and we have witnessed the covet pandemic that caused havoc in the country i already the earlier speakers have mentioned that caused loss of precious lives economic downturn loss of livelihood and competitiveness as a country so we have seen the immeasurable the outcomes of disasters so holistic and coordinated efforts among various agencies are paramount in effective management of disasters that include prevention mitigation preparedness response and recovery to make our country safer and disaster resilient both natural and man-made hazards are to be handled very systematically the three-day training program on futuristic research in disaster resilience is appropriate and timely i hope a lot of new ideas will be generated will be shared by the experts researchers for the benefit of the country and the world i wish the three-day training program at grand sanctions and we are very happy that professor chandan goes has participated in the inaugural session and we are very happy to associate with ni dm thank you so much i wish all the participants you know all the best we hope that this kind of workshops will be conducted in association with nidm very often thank you all thank you so much sir for those inspiring words i'm sure with your wishes this training program is going to be a grand success thank you uh it's a honor to have it as the most respected personality who's a true engineer he is a definition for engineering he's a definition for successful engineering he's a definition for entrepreneur and also a leader the city of mysore was fortunate to have him as the first mayor of mysore and also as the president of mysore industries association he is our most respected honorable secretary of vidyawatika sangha engineer shri p vishwanath i request our honorable secretary to kindly present his address overdue sir good evening everyone i'm very happy to associate myself on the p-day online training program refugees take assists and disaster resilience i'm very happy that uh decided by our honorable president just give us a moment okay sorry thank you thank all the people who are involved in organizing this three-day program very happy this is one of the a major issue which can be tracked by the civil engineers the disaster uh the area where civil engineers suspect this in such a way that it should not happen or in case happen it should be able to extend the like arcade and last slides are so many things i'm sure that this three-day online program which will bring in any uh important issues and uh very repeated people are there on the the list i feel that they'll be able to put in more for college in the three days i volunteer i will uh complain to the audience and i could use of this wishing you all well thank you thank you so much sir for your valuable address and also your encouraging words thank you we have with us yet another eminent personality who has been very closely associated with bbc and has been guiding us through our respected guest of honor dr tg sita ram director iit gawati he has joined us now i would like to extend a warm welcome to dr tg sitaram namaste i hope you are able to hear me yeah yes i request you to finally present your keynote good evening to all of you first of all let me thank my good friend dr prasad professor and head department of civil engineering friends this event that is three-day online training program on futuristic research and disaster resilience it's a very very hot topic for india we have just in the midst of a disaster the kobe 19 is also a disaster actually so similarly what uh professor assad and other his friends like and other people who are trying to project is natural disasters actually even the pandemic which was hit us is also one of the natural things let me congratulate the team to think about a research on a so we are on a topic of disaster resilience which is very very essential for any country in that matter i hope that the outcomes of the entire this three-day online training program there they're going to summarize the new topics give new directions and ideas i'm also seeing some of them are civil engineers they're going to talk about the disasters like earthquakes landslides and then floods brought all are very very actually close to the common man and for such a conference or a such a webinar it's actually very very useful to the society wherein we can learn let me begin with a quote of dr kofi annan former u.n secretary general he quotes while many people are aware of the terrible impact of disasters throughout the world if you realize this is a problem that we can do something about so this is what this uh seminar is going to talk about that is the futuristic research in disaster resilience so basically you know people talk about or everything is not a disaster for example the same earthquake happens in greenland where there is no population no habitat no buildings and not even people doesn't even report it because it is not a consequence so we need to understand as engineers the difference between hazard vulnerability risk and disaster so let me take you through basically an hazard is a process where phenomena or a human activity that may cause loss of life injury or health impacts or it could be a property damage or it is a social and economic disruption or environmental degradation there is no such thing as a natural disaster because it is a natural hazard earthquakes are not hazards when it becomes a disaster that is what we need to understand these effects whatever the earthquakes landslides influence the intensity in some cases frequency of extreme environmental events such as it could be forest fire it could be hurricanes it could be heat phase floods droughts storms so disaster risk is therefore considered as a combination of the severity and frequency of a hazard and wherein the number of people and assets exposed to this hazard what we call vulnerability and to the damage so particularly the role of civil engineers in this is very very important i'm very happy that without the college of engineering from the department of civil engineering this event has been taken up so the role of civil engineering communities in mitigation and recovery activities for a given disaster both natural and man-made is documented very well over a period of time civil engineers can serve more than more lives than a doctor so today we are in the midst of a disaster of a pandemic wherein doctor's role is very important but in majority of other hazards you know whether it is earthquake landslides okay floods droughts role of civil engineering very very important presently you know in india we are actually because our cities are growing very fast large concentration of people are happening in urban areas and these are you know very risky proposition we are in so implementation of a pre-disaster during a disaster what one should do and what one should do post disaster is also a very important disaster risk reduction is a systematic approach in identifying assessing and reducing the risks of criticism it also aims to reduce socioeconomic vulnerabilities to disaster as well as dealing with the environmental and other hazard that will trigger them so disaster management one can take which is a range of activities designed to maintain control over disaster and emergency situations to provide a framework for helping at risk persons to avoid to reduce or recover i call it three hours reduce recovery you know impact of the disaster so disaster management is a cycle of activities that deals with situations that occur before during and after the disaster so you know we in india disaster management reasonably you know national disaster mdma disaster management is very nicely constituted in some time in 2007 and uh under the sun by framework for disaster risk reduction all our countries including india can you please [Music] so sunday framework for disaster risk reduction is an international document that was adopted by the united nations member states okay in 2015 at the world conference and disaster risk reduction which was held in sunday japan and which is also endorsed by the united nations general assembly so it is in now it's a successor agreement actually to the yoga framework of action so wherein you know united nations have taken our resilience and all of us have taken uh work all countries that will do something to reduce disaster in every country so sustainable development goals is also similar kind of a document which also addresses to reduce poverty in the country and this under framework basically sets four specific priorities for action understanding of disaster risk strengthening disaster risk governance investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response to building back better in recovery rehabilitation rehabilitation and reconstruction so with these few words i will not take much time to tell you this topic is very very important and i congratulate again the organizers jointly particularly the video the college of engineering under the leadership of dr prasad and nidm under the leadership dr chandan gosh professor nidm government of india both are my good friends so i congratulate them to think about such an important topic and also doing it in a city now it doesn't matter where you do it because everything is online and i i heard recently you know one conference and disaster risk was done there in 75 countries people have attended which was organized by again one of my student sri bulsa so it was amazing you know to see now we are global now india can make a global impact in disseminating what one should do during a or before a disafter during a disaster and post disaster so through this a lot of awareness will happen and resilience should be brought in the community so that we will be able to handle the disasters you know the first wave of uh government 19 disaster and we handled reasonably well in the second wave we lost many of the very close friends you know and family members however i think it's coming down now and hopefully we will come out of this soon and go normal again you know like what we used to do before march 2020 hopefully i wish everybody you know happy times so that you know soon we will come out of this great disaster which we are facing the entire world actually so i thank the organizers for giving me this opportunity and i wish the program a great success i hope there will be some learning and some lectures would be very interesting to many of you i hope you will pick up some of these important topics in disaster resilience what one should do so i wish the program a great success thank you very much good day thank you so much sir presenting your keynote address thanks for sharing your thoughts on disaster and disaster management and also about the role of civil engineering and civil engineer thank you so much simple and humble respects mother nature and wishes good for all he is our respected honorable president of vidhyawataka sangha shri gundam i request our honorable president to kindly deliver the presidential elections civil we have now come to the end of today's inaugural function the sessions plant after the oat of thanks are presentation on coastal reservoir solutions for disaster resilience by dr t sitaram director iit gawati and presentation on research priorities in the field of wind engineering to restore resilient future by dr salviranjan advisor iit madras research park chennai before we formally close this inaugural function let us remember the words of benjamin franklin who said by failing to prepare you are preparing to fail so let us prepare now to never fail later thank you now i request the organizer of this online training program dr umesh pk to propose vote of thanks i request all the participants to stay tuned for the sessions overdue sir thank you madam good evening to one and all it is my great pleasure for me in proposing the worth of thanks on this special occasion of inaugural session of three day online training program on futuristic research in disaster resilience organized by research studio department of civil engineering vidhyavarthika college of engineering mysore in collaboration with the national institute of disaster management ministry of home affairs government of india new delhi i would like to thank major general munoz kumar bindal executive director and dr chandan gosh professor of nidm government of india for funding this program and for the active participation of dr chandan gosh in the inaugural function i wish to express sincere thanks to professor tj sita raman director iit gohati for being part of inaugural function and for delivering the keynote address we we look forward to listening you your lecture now sir i would like to thank our president sri gundam gowda vice president vice president shivalingapa and the honorable secretary we vishnath and honorable treasurer srila sangha mysore for all the support and increment in organizing such events and for gracing this occasion i would like to thank our beloved principal dr b sadashive gowda for his constant motivation and encouragement in organizing this program and being a part of this integral function my heartfelt thanks to our uh doctor our hrd dr esque prasad department of civil engineering without the college of engineering for his continuous support and effort taken to organize this program i would like to thank dr hs the ananda dean academics and dr gb krishnapur dean r d for their support i express my sincere thanks to the organized organizing coordinator professor khan many ss and professor raghavendra ss for their tireless effort in organizing this program also i would like to thank mr balaji mr technical support team from nidm and professor rajeev professor manoj professor girish professor sachin mr pushkin mr avinash and all other technical supports from bbc mysuru my sincere thanks to all the teaching and non-teaching staff of students and students of vvc in general and civil engineering in particular my heartfelt thanks to the participants for joining their hands in learning from the from this program futuristic research in disaster resilience we look for we look forward for your active presence in all three days of this event thank you thanks one and all thank you madam over to you thank you so much sir for doing the honors i would like to once again thank all our esteemed guests for joining us for the inaugural function thank you so much it's now time for our first session of day one which will be delivered by our respected director of iit gulati dr tg sitaram i request professor raghavendra assistant professor in the department of civil engineering with the vatican college of engineering mysore who is also the coordinator of this event to welcome and introduce our respected guest over there thank you rupa priya madam good evening thanks to each and every one of you for being here with us today i am very pleased to welcome everyone present on the occasion of the first lecture of online training program on futuristic research and disaster resilience being organized by withdev the college of engineering mysuro and national institute of disaster management ministry of home affairs government of india new delhi first of all i have the pleasure in welcoming the eminent researcher and administrator and today's speaker professor tj sitharam for the occasion welcome to you sir i also welcome professor chandan gosh of nidm national institute of disaster management new delhi for uh dr sk prasad hod department of civil engineering bbc mysoro studio department of civil engineering bbc i take this opportunity to welcome guests all my colleagues and students most important for any activity is the participants i know all of you have come together in large numbers to listen to dr chidi sitaram i wholeheartedly welcome you all i welcome each and every one i have a pleasure duty to perform that is to introduce professor tj sitaram to all of you he doesn't need any introduction and i have also cut cut shot stating many of his achievements dr t sitharam director iit guwahati has obtained his be in civil engineering from government bdt college of engineering davangere then belonging to mysore university india in 1983 masters in civil engineering from iisc bengaluru in 1986 and phd in civil engineering from university of waterloo ontario canada in 1991 in the area of geomatics his areas of interest are geotechnical engineering earthquake engineering rock mechanics geosynthetics coastal reservoir and underground dance dr tgc tharam in his 30 years of experience or 30 years of experience has published over 500 articles which includes more than 250 publications in international journals 13 books 77 book chapters more than 100 international conferences the list is endless he is awarded with sp research award shamsher prakash foundation usa by sarp in the year 1998. so cv raman state award for young scientist government of karnataka for the year 2002. william hong research fellow university of hong kong in the year 2011. professor gopal ranjan research award 2014 awarded from iit roorkee amulya and already lectured award in the field of sustainable development in 2014 by indian institute of science he has been visiting he has been a visiting professor in several universities abroad guided 26 phds and many master students i deem it an opportunity to present you to the audience for delivering the first lecture of the online program on futuristic research disaster resilience port user thank you thank you so much raghavendra so before i hand over the session to you i would like to inform all the participants about the rules so while sir is presenting you can post your queries in the chat box during the session but please mention your name and also the location that is from which place you belong to so that at the end of the session will be able to take your queries and sir will be able to answer all your queries now i request dr tgc thararam to kindly take over overture so kindly unmute sir uh now you're able to see yes sir yes sir your presentation is visible thank you yeah so good evening friends today's topic is something little you know different than what you usually hear so i've tried to discuss coastal reservoirs in earthquake-prone regions towards disaster resilient society i think you have to wait till some of my introduction tell you because many of you might not have heard about coastal reserve friends only three percent of the world's water is fresh water and two-thirds of that is tucked away in frozen glaciers or otherwise unavailable for our use as a result some more than one billion people worldwide lack access to what i think that's very very clear in our villages even today many of the village particularly the woman folk carry water on their head every day if she doesn't bring water to home there is nothing to drink nothing to eat so totally 2.7 billion people find water scarce for at least one month of the year please understand this is a seasonal also water shortage is a very seasonal so time memorial indians knew because we get our water we always think that water source is river water sources tanks water sources well no water source is only one that is rainfall source of water is only rainfall and it comes through the monsoon in india that means we have a time varied water source for us in the sense in the months now june you know the monsoon hits kerala coast and goes up to assam where i am sitting and giving this lecture it is already reached assam now we are only june 12th june 3rd actually it hit the kerala coast and june 12th the monsoon has hit the assam you can see how far it is spread into the country and again diverse monsoon will come in sometime in october so these monsoon is our source of water through the rainfall and this water what we receive in three to four months earlier it used to come four to five months now it is compacted because of climate change everything happens in two three three months and we need to store water and use that for nine months our ancestor knew how to store water but somehow over a period of time thinking very big i will show you we are facing acute shortage of water it is actually shortage of it is not shortage of water my punch line of today a message is there is no shortage of water for india india will receive actually more than thousand millimeter annual average rainfall cannot be called water starved country so what is star starving that it is actually storage starved country we are having a less storage of this water so let me take you through that and then particularly how that is related to earthquake-prone regions and why coastal reservoirs are better than the large dams and even i was talking to prasad yesterday that kristina sagar and care has built it but it has a specified lifetime i'm going to talk to you about also civil engineering materials how they will survive and also i will give you an idea about the international association of coastal reservoir research which i founded internationally which has attracted you know across you know the top top people across water resources uh research so that you know i would like to share that information to you and then i'll conclude why coastal reservoir will be the futuristic storage reservoirs when compared to large dams so water stress by country in 2040 this is a document prepared by the world resource institute you can see india is painted big in red color okay that means there is a ratio of withdrawal to supply close to 40 to 80 percent that means there is a large shortage united nation by 2025 more than two thirds of the world total population could be living in water's trust condition so but this is another picture of the same institutions or even in indian institutions will picture that you know all the green colored areas receive more than thousand millimeter average annual precipitation that is rainfall that means a country which receives more than thousand millimeter average annual how can you call what is trust country this is what the fundamental problem we i have in defining that means we are doing something wrong and then say oh we are stressed same thing you know we are doing a lot of things which are not correct and then blame okay kobe does come distribution of population and what resources if you look at it in asia 36 of water is there where the population of the whole world is 60 so reasonably water is also reasonably well distributed so water requires a storage because it is not a the rainfall doesn't come continuously throughout the period of 12 months so we need to store water where can we store water the water storage happens in through groundwater or soil moisture in wetlands ponds tanks dams reservoirs water storage is very essential for irrigation for water supply and hydropower and also it will provide a buffer for flood management so many of the dams what we have built are what civil engineers learn that you know we can manage water i think we have mismanaged this water so far a lot more has to be accomplished in securing enough storage that's what i'm my punch line as i told you there is a shortage of storage not shortage of water in india there are countries where there is a shortage of water that is israel saudi arabia okay uh such countries one are any of the middle east countries where there is a shortage of water but we do not have any shortage of water water storage needs to be protected against viruses contaminations bacterias pollution and what not so what has happened is over a period of time the resident time of this water in our land is becoming smaller and smaller in different layers of the earth that is because of degradation of forest increased soil erosion have reduced the resident time of water so once it rains that too because of climate change rainfall also comes in a very short period like what we see in kerala okay the floods come very quickly and in urban areas this water simply you know bangalore itself you can see one hour heavy rainfall next hour it's completely dry even we cannot even notice that there was a rainfall why this is that's because that there is a quick flow of water and it reaches downstream because you know the rivers or the streams are the lowest reduced levels available in that area which will attract rewards and streams attract the all the water towards them because they are the lowest oral in that region so all the catchment is towards that reverse so due to soil erosion and saltation water bodies lose their capacity to store waters so more people definitely there is another problem we have more people population is increasing and also the consumption of water when compared to 50 years back and we are all now becoming you know westernized with the tap water and trap running taking shower you know all that and also industries consumption is large all these you know we are also using more water so that means more people more water usage and we also try to build more dams i will talk about that in a little while we are forgetting actually storing in the conventional ground with the way it used to be naturally is to happen that is not happening so where are these dams if you look at these large dams which all countries are built winter india is the third largest dam building nation in the world okay and how many dams you have built i keep on asking many civil engineers many of them don't even know because they don't even think about it so when we have got independence in 1947 we had something like 300 large dams what is a large dam according to the international committee of large dams a large dam is a one which can store one million cubic meter of water or a dam which is more than 15 meter tall okay to store that water or a dam which is having a unique structure like an arch dam or something very unique you know structurally so then it's also occurred even though it is less than 15 meter we also call them as a large dam so if you look at these population now i'm i'm showing you this picture where the population where the city is having more than 10 million so india has a large number of cities which has more than 10 million or more what we call mega cities similarly china india in asia only large number if you go to america again you know there are only three cities which has 10 10 million or more so this is the urban population urbanization most of most of the people will live in cities mega cities appear in coastal areas so even in india if you look at the most of the mega cities except leaving bangalore you know it's a very hard growth actually you know if you look at chennai or kolkata or mumbai you know all of them are actually on the coast coastal area will have the most severe water shortage problem okay uh also because as i told you uh we recently we are seeing a lot of flights during the month zone and then soon after that you know in the summer we have a shortage of water so where are our dams so the dams are all actually upstream and people are on the downstream so people are migrating to coastlines in india also now and many many cities are coming up and the kind of planning what we are doing connecting through bharat mala and all that there will be a lot more activity because of ports new construction of ports and other transport you know multi transport methodologies what we are following so here what most of the dams which we have built actually are in the middle course of the reverse at the middle of the river uh not in the upstream so once it comes out for example if you look at it the string itself the rivers actually take birth industrial guards and some of them flow eastward some of them flow westwards best flowing rivers are actually smaller in length about 100 kilometer but their gradient is very high in the beginning and once they reach the coastal areas they'll become flat and then reach the ocean particularly the arabian sea but majority of the rivers actually our indian rivers flow to bay of bengal majority of them including the himalayan rivers like ganges okay all of them actually flow into the uh bengal so dams and earthquakes dams and earthquakes have a common you know something common why because dams are actually built in active earthquake areas why why i say that is the result basically the rewards are one of the faults or limits okay so when you build a dam it will be across the river or across the river so automatically you are actually building on a fault so reservoirs also can trigger earthquakes kuana has taught us and many because of the ingression of water over a period of time it can cause also micro earthquakes people have already studied about what is called as reservoir induced earthquakes and some water supply structures are susceptible to earthquake motion as well unstable slopes that have been weakened after the saturation like surrounding hills can like italy you know the dam which broke because you know some of the neighboring hills become saturated and submerged into the water body then it displaced the so large quantity of water it worked up the dam so the consequence of a diameter of water supply failure is very high when compared to earth when when you are looking at earthquakes so the effect of damp failure on people and structures downstream are dramatic and obvious so let's look at where this kind of large earthquakes can happen so all of you know know that there are large earthquakes can happen on the plate boundaries so these plate boundaries are basically there are seven large plates and india is in an indo-australian plate actually indian plate is moving in north northeasterly direction hitting the eurasian plates by forming the himalayan mountains so the the red dots is the basically the boundary of these plates and what we call the pacific plate which is called a ring of fire where you know japan and all those countries come in and even some of the indonesian countries also will come in there so the active volcanoes plate tectonics or all happens are the interplayed boundaries so generally smaller earthquakes occur in the intra plate like you know what you saw in abuja or latur earthquake were all called intra plate within the plate some earthquakes happen but they generally don't have the magnitudes like what happens of the interplay so our planet is definitely restless we can do nothing about controlling the earthquakes okay that's why i'm keep telling you we can never control its activity inside what happens and cannot control its vibrations as well but what we can do is we can actually build structures to withstand these vibrations so the major challenge is to understand how these vibrations occur so why dams are often built in active earthquake areas as i already told you dams are usually built in valleys in the river course river itself is a fault majority of the places under compressional tectonic force rivers or thrust faults produce uplift therefore many dams have an active fault dipping under them so please understand all these are sitting on a ticking bomb any anywhere any any place either intra or interplayed that can trigger earthquakes so once that earthquake is triggered that your structure should have withstand that so we need to understand how to build dams on the earthquakes so on another topic which i talked about is the reservoir triggered earthquakes where large new reservoirs can trigger earthquakes it's a sort of a concept which is sort of reasonably accepted well reservoir triggered earthquakes are often referred to as reservoir induced seismicity but use the term induced is now becoming unfashionable otherwise people accept that these can cause a minor small earthquakes the energy released in a reservoir triggered earthquake is normal tectonic strain energy that has been prematurely released because of the reservoir so causes of the failure of the dams if you look at all over the world earthquakes have generally not caused by major majority of the failures please note that earthquakes have not caused the damp values earthquakes are generally uh less than one majority of the failures have occurred because of foundation your technical engineering and some of the list i don't want to go through even india also we had many dams which are failed and surface faulting and all that but let me come to the today's topic of disaster risk resilience not sunday framework for disaster discretion signed by all countries in 2015 2030 we are not very far away nine more years to go and that's a very less time to really make a substantial reduction of disaster risk and losses in lives livelihoods and health under the economic physical and social cultural and environmental assets of persons and businesses in the countries where these population or communities are living so if you can look at the right side picture substantial reduction to reduce global disaster mortality reduce the number of affected people globally reduce direct economic loss is the objective of disaster risk reduction plan how can we do that that increasing the number of countries with national and local disaster risk reduction strategies that's what the sendai framework is planned they said increase the availability and taxes to multi-hazard early warning system multi hazard is a very common phenomenon today ladies and gentlemen that means a rainfall and an earthquake a rainfall and a flood rainfall under drought so these cover the hazard will become now double rather than the single yeah what happens at the same time and that can cause a lot of problems so multi-hazard so increase the availability and access to multi-years early warning system including tsunami can come together and with an earthquake so substantially enhance international cooperation in developing countries that is where you know large number of countries have signed this sunday framework for disaster risk reduction so next question i am putting to the audience is are these large ramps what we have built to store water are forever are they going to sustain for a very long time everything has a finite lifespan many dam structure actually if you ask a civil engineer for how long he's going to design for how many years he designed generally an expected life of 50 200 years that means we have built large dams in india sometime in 1970 assuming that 20 20 already 50 years is completed okay even including the cares algorithm what happens after 50 years are you going to remove chaos done so people need to ask such fundamental questions you know one are these going to become extreme you are assuming that it is going to survive another 50 years that means by 2070 you might have to remove percent so what you are going to do are you going to build in the same dam at the same location what happens and when you are going to demolish this so i want to tell you friends nearly 800 dams have been removed in the united states in the last 100 years that is also one of the other reason is our yearly sedimentation ratio many of the you know western guards rivers bring lot of sediments so most of our dams also will get slowly filled up himalayans definitely upper himalayans most of the dams are always full with sediments no water storage so if you look at the world story see what they've built in 1900 already some of them have been removed so what 1950 1960 where the large construction happened 70 now if you look at 2010 no countries are building large dams friends understand that except india india is building i'll tell you the numbers india has built 300 dams even now but global dam construction has become almost zero by 2010 itself that means almost 10 years older no and let us ask a question what i asked you previous question when all these dams will become dead each day for example one care server will become dead so if the dam's lifespan is 100 years how many dams will we have so if you look at it by 2150 okay by 21 this is based on actually sedimentation calculation of one percent i calculated by 2150 most of these dams have to be removed even all these dams what i was talking about all over the world which has been built in 1900 to 21 in 2010 by 2150 most of the issues have to be removed so if i ask a question if that is the source of water for us for irrigation power that is electricity irrigation and food okay and also drinking water so what our community are the people in the world in drink from which dance in 2150 so unless we build large dams but as i told you large dams are no construction no country is constructing because they've stopped in 2010 itself okay so they don't construct storage structures forget about only large dams where are you going to drink the water from or where are you use the food for the food generation or you know electricity generation water prime minister naharu said in 1960s 1962 actually bakranangal dam was foundation was inaugurated he said temples of modern india are large dams definitely he was right at that time but i don't think he is right at this moment now bakra project is something tremendous something stupendous something which shakes you up when you see it bakra the new temple of resurgent india is the symbol of india's progress that's what the statement by honorable former prime minister nehru i always feel enthused and invigorated whenever i come here that's what the one arrow said on the uh but if you look at the same thing you know recently 2017 honorable prime minister narendra modi offered it to the nation you know when the construction started for the server 1964 or 1962 actually foundation was done in 1962 for the that means we almost took 59 years or 58 years to complete the rover you can see the kind of you know the issues so my next question is where is our next temple in the 21st century ladies and gentlemen why did i put this that means these are all the dots what i put there is our dams large dams how many rams we have constructed statewide distribution of large dams maharashtra has close to about 2 000 dams okay madhya pradesh has 800 dams in 1947 we had less than 300 large dams and most of these dams today we have 5 700 large dams in india and india ranks the third in the world in dam building after united states and china so but how much water we are storing in all these close to 6000 large grams less than 10 percent of the average annual rainfall received in the country that means close to eight percent that is in general this is the challenge that means even though you have built so many large dams you are only storing eight percent of the hours annual rainfall received in the country this is not my this is not my data this is the data of the central water commission so my question is so where is the ninety percent of the average rainfall goes so another ten percent maybe in you know small tanks small carries contest or eight percent another three four percent into the rocks creases in the deep rocks which you cannot extract so basically 82 percent of the annual rainfall still joins the ocean still joins the ocean 82 percent of the annual average rainfall received an entire india still gets into either bay of bengal or arabian sea so you can see now the issue water is plenty ladies and gentlemen but the unfortunate thing is see and another thing you have to remember even if you build another six thousand dam you will be storing only five percent of that water so don't be scared that you're not letting any water to the ocean but still water will go into the ocean and from that water cycle will be completed only so nothing to worry about so even even our generation does another six thousand dams in another hundred years we are not going to be extinct with water water is plenty little no shortage of water there is only a shortage of storage whether the dams large dams are the solution that's the question large dams of the solution are the way in which we are building like what modern temples of india is going to be still the modern temple of india that's the question the question is i think today is not relevant so that's the kind of dams are not going to be work for us so what are the other solutions if you look at the other solution as i told you inland dams that is called what we call large damsel no no so we started talking about inter-basin transfers you have seen ganga that is we are trying to connect gudavari to krishna and many like that kaveri to some other river you know something like that are also happening across the country that means if there is a water in gangnam can we bring it but in a country like india it's very difficult to bring vanga to southern india very very challenging let me tell you through the land because it's a way it's going to cause a lot of environmental damage and is already seen because water is a state subject we are seeing a lot of court cases and litigations are happening between the three states and you saw recently for 10 you know gmc of water entire cabinet of karnataka has to go to goa to really discuss this is the kind of things that are happening another area is the waste water recycling definitely waste water recycling we need to do but please understand community acceptance for drinking water no no you see even if there was a survey in singapore saying that you know they call nay water this is the water which is the toilet water which is cleaned even though it is much cleaner than kairi whatever people don't want to drink and they did a survey in singapore also forget about india india we are all highly religious we'll never touch that water we don't mind drinking dirty water from ganges but not the toilet water which is clean maybe 100 so even recently when bangalore water supply board after their sewage treatment what did they do they tried to leave it to go color and you saw the water you see the lot of vegetation so the wastewater recycling is a good phenomena but may be used for industrial purposes not for domestic consumption not for even agricultural consumption because even farmers doesn't want that water okay and then then left it desalination take the ocean that take the salt water from the ocean and clean it up let's see basically desalinate and highly concentrated salt brain will 50 percent will go back into the ocean another 50 is the fresh water which you get but this is after foolishness to do in india but unfortunately we are doing it most of the coastal cities are doing it but it is after foolishness because you are allowing 82 percent of the fresh water flowing into the ocean and take the same water and clean it with a high energy intensive desalination plants i think this is really a foolishness this is not a technology for india this technology is maybe good for israel where overage rainfall is less than 90 millimeter or which may be good for saudi arabia there is something like 150 millimeter we are getting thousand millimeter and above and this is not the solution for us so what is the next solution this is where i bring in coastal reservoirs and then i think from here onwards i'll go very quickly so see what do i mean by coastal reservoir this picture is basically shows the water cycle you see earlier you know in the civilizations we used to simply go leave along the rivers and the villages were there you know and then we started building dams in the middle course and then now your dams have to shift downstream and go into the ocean or close to the ocean or close to the coast luckily that is where the people are also concentrated a lot of people a lot of large cities mega cities are located there so in that context also but only one problem would be there if the people are living upstream then you know how do you really pump it up because i i think if you know many of the large dams what we have constructed in our krishna project and all those you know people are using lift irrigation there also that means lifting water by almost 30 40 meters even city of bangalore getting water from kaveri river by almost like uh you know the elevation difference is close to 300 meters but what is the beauty about this is this area can store large quantity of water at least 20 times more than the demand even considering the population you know growing to about 10 billion in another maybe 50 to 100 years so the first generation coastal reservoirs or were built actually in singapore and many other countries by blocking the river mouth this may be good technology for countries like singapore where they can control the flow quality of flow into the river because see you have all the urban and villages and all across the river and which will bring a dirty water and if you close that then you are basically collecting dirty water this what we call first generation coastal reservoir or no no but they have done this and then showed in engineering we can show some technologies not properly used or doesn't work that is where they left it it is like you know now electric vehicles are coming back after 100 years so if you know germany started very early but the mafia of the patrol and design actually killed the electric vehicles now after 100 years it's coming back so the second generation coastal reservoir is basically your reservoir will be just off the river course so the dirty water or a clean water will go on the side through this so that you know all the continuous flow will be there you can also find fishermen also can go up fishes can go up all you know living animals in water can also continuously function like normal like earlier and it could be even i'm just show this picture very casually here but it could be even little away from it because we have the piping technology today we can store water away from that so this topic what we when we started with iacr now united nation water has accepted our concept in the wwdr document of 2019 how they have already included the coastal reservoir and referred many of our work myself and many of our colleagues okay work on this so let me take you through what is coastal reservoir versus large depth coastal reservoir is near the coast unlimited it could be in the sea also dam design is very high pressure for the inland reservoirs so you have to have used concrete and other materials but in case of coastal reservoir very low pressure and the dams are also not very high water is also very still there please understand when it reached the coast water in the river will become the flow velocity will become lower when compared to in the middle course where the velocity of flow is very high so you have to build a dam which can resist that pressure seepage by density difference pollutant is the major ratio but second generation coastal reservoir can handle that very well that means you can actually collect water during monsoon when the the water is very reasonably cleaner and the rest of the season you can allow the water to go to the ocean so the immigrant cost that moment of people or displacement of people is very minimal so that's what i talked about i took 54 years or 55 years because of movement of you know many subversions of villagers towns which very difficult to displace them even now if you know the upper krishna we are not storing to the maximum height for the dam what we have constructed because bhagala court will not be there puzzle code will submerge if you store up to the maximum height so like that you know we have to actually half of vagal code is actually shifted to new mugglehood i've only talked about bigger city but there will be several villages have actually submerged into the backwater reservoirs so water supply is the issue is by gravity by pumping here the coastal reservoir but today the kind of technologies are there for the generation of the electricity we can use the coastal reservoirs so where are the coastal reservoirs netherlands was built in 1932. india was built in 1974 hani makamban for agriculture south korea has built hong kong has built hong kong actually had a ration what rationing earlier it has now uh completely you know survives on the coastal reservoirs completely fresh fresh water china has built the second generation coastal reservoir i've been there cincosa which is about 200 or 300 kilometers away from shanghai city and fantastic you know that's i i was there for two times i was really impressed with the kind of technology entire shanghai city 70 percent of the drinking water comes from one reservoir which is right in the delta that is called chincosa reservoir i'll show you a picture soon singapore has built in received a environmental award okay singapore is a small country as i told you it can block this is the first generation coastal survival united kingdom was built so like that many india is also planning to build a large not one of the largest world's largest coastal reservoir in the gulf of combat uh it is an indian water project it is called honorable prime minister who was then chief minister of gujarat has planned this i'll show you some details about that it is under construction the second generation coastal reservoir is the one which i wanted to focus we can create new wetlands and this picture is much more clear now bypass polluted water or the water in the lean season can go here only during monsoon we can actually divert the good quality water into second generation reservoir which is a convex water body which can go through the wetland pre-treatment and create good storage feasibility of second generation coastal reservoir water quality improvement which is temporal separation spatial separation wetland pre-treatment all can happen without desalination water can really in a very good state of drinking water sustainability generally there is no negative in the second generation coastal negative impact from existing coastal reservoirs renewable it cannot be silted also why because the rotation will actually can go in the bypass okay so the coastal reservoir technology we use a lot of soft dam technology which what geotechnical engineers are coming with jio bags and all those things you know they can construct very very effectively today construction technology is also simpler significantly to reduce the construction cost for barriers and gates so coastal reservoir is a selection of best catchment best water quality because the entire catchment of the river is available at the top so i'll just give you an example of when you're taking a bath if you want to catch water whatever you're talking about at the end you get nothing when you're in the middle of the body you can get maybe half of that but when you collected the toe maybe even though 30 okay so it is almost like your rainwater harvesting you know what the concept they say 10 minutes you run through your you know taking your bath dirty water will go away after that everything is a fresh water you can collect it back actually this is a similar concept for the coastal reservoir ladies and gentlemen and frequently water quality is comparable within land dams no first flush and environmental impacts of minimum no river flow reduction no cost to relocate people and many this is the shanghai's experience shanghai's water body is the right side picture which it shows and which goes through a wetland new wetland has been created and two years they have constructed an entire reservoir okay only two years two thousand eight cinco started its construction 2000 started pumping fresh water from the sea without desalination clear water right in the middle of the ocean that means on either side there is a washer that is in that one so look at it this is the coastal reservoir and there is an underground tunnel which is created to the shanghai city and which supplies the drinking water hostile reservoirs in the world north korea marina barrage in singapore you know singapore very people very few people might have seen this many of you walked around it without knowing that is a coastal reservoir so advantage of coastal reservoir no harm to the river basin or alteration to the river course no disturbance to the forest cover submergence of the land no physical displacement of the people agriculture activity also in the coastal region can be augmented because there is quite a quite a bit of land which is affected by the coastal erosion can be minimized groundwater recharge inclusion of saline water into wells will reduce fresh water dredging can happen and many many advantages so the other one as i told you what energy is required for you to pump even hundred kilometers of stream luckily you can because the depth of water in this coastal reservoir is so small we can store entire area can be generated to use generate solar energy tidal energy okay so using the solar and tritoidal and wind energy you can generate large power large quantity of power which can be used to even pump water what we are doing even in inland dams see if you go to north karnataka you will see large kind of pumping pump lift irrigation schemes from the canals of uh upper krsna left bank all right bank can already be done so it is not a new thing so we can do that here also getting into almost close to 100 kilometers so that means entire coastal karnataka could be benefited roadways over the sea wall so you can also use the roadways i'll show you some pictures we'll definitely see that freshwater fishing navigation and tourism will generate real estate opportunities and as i told you new land will be formed if you see the the netherlands coastal reservoir you will definitely appreciate that because it was built in 1932 how the new city was born and it also can serve as a deep water fishing or bar increase in industrial activity so let me take you through one of the case studies not today i don't have time to show you all the case studies i have all of the case studies you can look at even our book we brought out a new book on coastal reserve wire in elsewhere so just google coastal reservoir and myself is the first author and six other authors are there across the world who are going to who have written different case studies across the world so this corpus r project of honorable prime minister modi's location is gulf of kambap right here the location okay so this the vision is to have a contour canal from this reservoir from this reservoir this is called kalpasardam see this is connecting almost so there could be a little plant change for this also so in this is a building you see this will actually reduce the distance between brooch to bounce almost 400 kilometers otherwise now we have to go all the way like this but now we can directly cut across and reach so there are many advantages is it's going to be a largest freshwater reservoir for irrigation drinking and industrial purposes or you do want to know simply type kalpasar in google you will see the entire project and there is a geotechnical investigation is going on now for the project so small changes could be done for this too because we don't require such a large water body so some of our friends you know both from australia and they were working like this so keep the traddle base in on the bhavanagar side but still the build and cover the ramada river also so that the water from narmada because these are rivers are all very small rivers when compared to narmada even though we have built still there will be a lot of water in the monsoon which can be taken so the grass storage is still very 16 billion quick meters 16 billion cubic meter 64 long kilometer long dam across the gulf of combat but not too high it is hardly about 20 meters ten lone road can be built on that so my concept is i even actually applied for a patent on this rover mala i said you know i have the coastal reservoirs on the coast and this is anyway zero mean sea level there is nothing to cut nothing to excavate so instead of connecting ganga to kaveri through the midst of the country where you're creating a lot of damage to the villages and towns here it could be buried pipelines below connect so today there may be a day maybe 200 years down the road there may be a day where ganga can be connected to the rivers like nitrovati through the coast okay so this is a concept which is very very simple on a paper okay so let me conclude coastal reservoir with downstream water management will be significantly used as this was impossible read the word downstream watermelon of a river but better to catch water at the toe so that's the concept is downstream so the entire catchment is available to you china's experience shows that with very large river basins wetland treatment may be needed it creates a new land and new atlantic which is what environmentalists want case studies show that coastal reservoirs are viable second generation coastal reservoir is cost effective environmentally friendly socially acceptable and has high quality water ladies and gentlemen india is not running out of water but water is running out of india so please tell somebody who comes to sell you desalination plants that's not a requirement because that's after foolishness you leave the water which is going through the same land to the ocean and collect it back and clean it with very high energy intensive technology so instead of that store that water somewhere in the near the coast through the coastal reservoir desalination is expensive and environmentally not sustainable for india i'm not saying this is for uh israel cost of coastal reservoir versus alternative water engagement with community government agencies and other stakeholders is the key aspect of the same because a lot of awareness was to be brought in uh please know kindly mutier i am concluding now so this international association for coastal reservoir research was inaugurated in kuala lumpur i was the first president for the president of this so you can see all of our friends from across the world assembled there even dr parsanthi my friend good friend from bangalore is also here okay you please if you are interested look at iacr.org what is interesting reality once we started in 2017 the past president of international social environmental minnesota is my vice president okay past president of iwra international water resources association china is my vice president professor professor hubert past president of international social ideological research okay uh hydrological sciences from netherlands is also the vice president that means you can see why all these top presidents of the top-notch institutions which are hundred-year-old have come to coastal reservoir research is because they strongly believe that isc can provide an alternative this is my team so you can see many phases because i was there okay so these are some of the books of mine i will not go through that so if some of you are interested in earthquakes you can look at it in springer and we are organizing the first isera conference which was actually postponed this year to next year they are holding the 9th november 2022 we are going to do offline conference during november 2022 ladies and gentlemen thank you very much i've taken exactly the time allotted to me my last message is store water and save future thank you thank you so much sir that was an excellent session with excellent uh information shared with us thanks for sharing all the knowledge and i i was really impressed about the team you have with you thank you so much so now we are open for questions and uh the qa session will be handled by our panelists uh professor chandan ghosh and uh dr sk prasad i'm sure participants have a lot of questions to ask and uh i'm sure professor sitaram will answer every question of yours so before i hand over this uh session to both the professors i would like to just inform all the participants that a feedback link has been shared with you you can check on your chat box you can now submit your feedback using that link and another reminder to you all your e-certificates will be received only if you have registered on an idm portal so please ensure that you have registered on the portal so these are two reminders for audio participants now i would like to hand it over to professor chandan and dr eske prasad over to you for qa sessions thank you thank you professor yeah as usual it was a wonderful session and in fact you know we civil engineers most of us like this concept of coastal reservoir so there have been a few questions uh you know mainly because of uh i would say lack of ignorance and uh yeah before uh i have listed a few of them before that if professor chinan gosh would like to say something i'll be very happy uh yeah it is uh of course the the very theme of this session um very theme of this lecture especially the entire three-day session futuristic research which uh professor has highlighted the problem about the dam and then where is the solution finally that in the last 15 20 slides that he has given and where in between his presentation what special highlights about that whatever dams are there in our country china or usa by another hundred years because their life is hundred years they are all going to be out of date then what is the alternative because then construction takes so much of time like theory damn it took more than 25 30 years to construct it now we don't we do not go for any dam so that way uh storing water like the example that hong kong singapore and giving a futuristic outlook to to the participants to every one of us it is a mind boggling and so the solution is to be found out his famous statement that india is not having shortage of water rather water is going out of us we are not able to store them in a proper so coastal reservoir system and the kind of example and kind and also the concept ideas and research and the work that which is going on in many of the countries in the last so many years giving a historical perspective of this kind of coastal reservoir and how shanghai city is getting benefited out of that how tokyo city is holding all its water rain water through a renault harvesting they don't change like he has very very very uh very particularly said that whatever in the coastal area that we are we are going into changing or putting a machine to convert a very heavy salt water into soft water which is not the right kind of way because it takes out most of the minerals out of the water so uh giving all those examples and as well as futuristic solution and current solution where 82 percent plus water going out and so even if we are able to hold it five percent or 10 percent of that our most of our water problem will be solved so in this regard i think it is a very timely and rather i will say that it is not a futuristic it is the present current state that if we take it right now then all we can see over the years over the time we can take benefit of such measures in our city areas or you know across the country excellent i i really agree with you professor anyway as i said professor sitharam there have been a few questions mainly out of uh ignorance me i'm sure uh you know you'll be happy to answer them i'll just read out one of the questions is you know how clean water can be stored okay in the sea separating the sea water what is the method what is the technology used there i think it's a very very simple and straightforward question so we though for example i i will answer in a very different way please if you go to bangalore if you go to mangalore there is a fisheries college they they have a small pond which is the fresh water next to the ocean how did they do it so today with the geotechnological solution like joe membranes you know you can create miracles there is nothing you can do you don't need another thing another concept you can also use the density difference density difference of the sea water you know sea water is more sensitive it will be at the bottom so if you create a still water still all the way you don't need any technology it will be at the bottom anyway the 1930s itself netherlands has built it in the roughest seas of the north nothing has happened it's all fresh fresh water right right right uh yeah another question is you know you talked talked about shanghai kosha uh you know um uh plant so all these uh will be at the sea level or much lower then pumping that water towards land you know will be more expensive and what's your opinion on that no actually i told you even krishna if you go and see a lot of water is pumped only [Laughter] if you are not known you can't see there most of the left irrigation schemes only you can generate solar because my water depth in the coastal reservoir is so small you can generate so free energy and non-conventional energy okay which doesn't really cost anything because nature well you can definitely when you have large amount of power today you know so solar roof is 1.8 rupees same thing if you take it from a water dam it is eight rupees per unit so i think the days are not very far where we will be using majority of power from solar and wind and also through the way automatically the cost will be very very cheap and actually it is not a cost actually you would like to use that energy what you generate because energy is again another problem if you see the analogy what i gave you today water storage is a problem same thing for energy also storage is a problem so it is a fantastic analogy between water and energy thank you thank you very much and you talked about large dimes and you talked about you know uh their capacity how long they are going to stay so naturally there was a concern shown by participants so one of the participants asked what is the situation of lingan bhakti dam across any dam why do you go to london leaking if you have gone there there's a damn what our ceremony is already leaking profusely so if you repair yes there is a national program i'm repairing dams okay and if you repair it is like putting a strength in your heart you know you might have one more you know ten more years not beyond that you need to understand concrete is not a material for infinitely it will survive best is the earth maps see if you some of you for civilians who are there at the site if you want to see a dab which survived 2000 years please go to trichy ten kilometers from pitchy that is called a cut kalunani any cut honeycutt is a dam okay even today which is existing what rajarat so that is the kind of technology which we can talking about so earth earth and rock are the best material and compared to country concrete gives you some advantages which can be moulded mounted in whatever shape you want but there are materials which are much better for survival and sustainability for a longer time thank you thank you uh yeah one very general question uh how can you reduce disaster protect earth and get back green earth for you know healthy living so simple you know construct coastal reservoir if a dam breaks okay for example i think something goes will tell you if bakara angle breaks tomorrow how many downstream towns villages will be submerged can you imagine but if i die i don't know if i don't what i talked about or breaks if a damn compass or breaks nothing will happen breaks many villages and towns are vanished forever true true so these were the main questions from the participants and uh maybe if uh uh again professor chandan goes would like to throw some light or ask some questions it will be nice it is uh of course not the questions he has elaborately given all kinds of all facets of having coastal uh reservoir and how to make it how cheap it uh how much cheaper it is and in comparison to the large dam so i think it is worth uh going through his presentation again which is on record and not only that some of the queries that someone is saying that already it is answered what can be the best substitute or solution for of dams of a country like india which is still developing country with huge population is the generic questions but it is already indicated by even answers as well as a presentation and so then another small doubt is that by kanbani concept affect the ocean ecosystem you see even if you build another three six thousand dams you can only store five percent more five percent of the water what there have been so many questions actually very happy that clearly shows uh professor tg sitaram has been flamboyant very clear yeah i will just try to read out one more yeah sir what is the role of check dams usually constructed inland for controlling the controlling as well as storing flood water towards water demand and the groundwater recharge so this is from engineer avik kumar yeah yeah it's good actually this is the one which i didn't touch about um there is a check dams underground dams actually we should go back to what our ancestors used to do store water in our villages towns see this is the one technology we forgot you see where was the near contest we also have many from outside maybe it's better you speak in english small villages earlier in karnataka used to have water man it's called near gantes so this water man is the man who will distribute the water from farmers okay so that concept you know we should actually bring it back so today our tanks and uh cares are all become nobody is looking after them in the protest of all the deputy commissioners and other thing so i feel we should bring back these small tanks small water bodies small villages towns back and check dams and many other things can be done check dams water wells you know water ingress and injection well no injection more than that trees large trees please plant large number of trees plant that will actually take the water down it will not go flow laterally so large number of trees will start planting which is a fantastic thing trees can hold water in that region there would be so that is the concept we had earlier the older generation which we have forgotten so to bring back another another concept is underground dams underground dance is the another one which i do underground dams is another concept which is fantastic for the inline so which i will talk to you some other time but we need to actually conserve water but when i talk about coastal reservoir i'm talking about large quantity of water not what you can store in chuck dumps and for example uh the kalpasar it will be the largest reservoir in the whole world excellent excellent thank you okay yeah yeah again you know same question but yeah maybe i would like you to answer again uh from professor mangala kesha what are the materials suitable for construction of coastal reservoirs you told about jio bags maybe one more time you know you just explained what material is best we don't need any material we will use the washing bottom whatever sand is there only we use the jewel bags are only technology please understand jewel bags are not the material material is sand material is sand okay okay sand and silt we fill that with the jio bag so that it will make a ah it will be confined okay that's exactly okay excellent excellent so there have been many many appreciations also uh what can maybe i'll just take one more deeksha motgil has asked what can be the best substitutes or solution of dams for a country like india which is still a developing country with huge population you have already answered that so anyway i just wanted to tell you in inland check dams injection walls and tanks and small tanks small small is very beautiful don't make very big dumps okay small is very beautiful make that and if you want really large because we are also going to be an industrialized nation for industries you require large water large quantities build coastal reservoirs and when we want to build mega cities like chennai growing into three times 109 then you know build a coastal reservoir otherwise you can do very small interior with a resting water inline so plant trees some villages may be just plantation of trees is enough it will hold water for full year good good trees with good roots can hold water for you for the entire year okay so maybe sir one last question there are many but you know because of the time constraint we'll just go for one last question this is from avi kumar mandel again uh what are the specific challenges for making coastal reservoirs from the scenario of indian coastal topography mindset all right a very short but very beautiful answer i think i think you know we'll then hand over the session to the uh you know emcee so uh thank you thank you for a very nice answer very crisp and nice answers yeah yes thank you thank you so much sir i must mention that this interaction between you three and taking questions and answering it was very interesting we thoroughly enjoyed it thank you so much for that so now uh it's time we are closing the first session so i request our uh heterodyne dr sk prasad to propose word of thanks thank you thank you priya ma'am now it's always very pleasant to thank someone like tgs i always uh you know uh lovingly call him pgs professor tjs professor tgc who is very simple and is always willing to help academicians researchers students you know like me i have known him for nearly 25 years i just have to mention here that you know wherever he goes he will bring charisma and he will simply enhance the equality quality of an organization quality of a program whatever you take in fact you know that is the reason why we brought him over here and you know there are many many you know things he has done he has you know developed geotechnical engineering division system at indians of science and now you know he has been instrumental in taking iit gohati to a great height so in fact you know i feel very proud and happy about many of his achievements just if i want to name a few uh you know a few very recent ones you know iit gawhati has been listed 41st in research globally by qs world ranking world university ranking 20 22 2022 very recently and you know above this is indians of science bangalore so this stands second in india and id has joined them three years back they were nowhere [Laughter] so very clearly you can see the presence of person tjs and then you know iit gowhati has joined hands with eureka forbes to provide coronago and that was a wonderful uh session i heard on the news then 22 professors from iit gohati including professor tgs are listed in the top two percent researchers by stanford university and then tgs is the advisor and foundation expert for the reconstruction of ramadan magumi at ayodhya so just to name a few of them uh as as already you know i mentioned iit gohati has risen during his less than two years uh stay there he will be completing two years very soon so sir today also as usual you are very very flamboyant crystal clear about your objectives and some of your ideas you know probably they will become strong after 5-10 years you will have the vision much much earlier and you spoke about coastal reservoir solution so well and then you know how this can help this uh our theme of disaster resilience i think it was an opt session and being the first session it has really triggered a lot of uh young minds uh you know to think in a different way i sincerely thank you on behalf of with the hour i just want to say one last word in this session please please you have just mentioned that maybe five to ten years it will take to bring the concept well mindset is to be changed anytime just now we can change the mindset not only that the kind of revolution that we have brought in due to kovid the nowhere in the history of development of the kovid vaccine that it has taken less than 20 years but the scientific community has taken it on the platform january or like india started in less than nine months so some of the change that we have to bring in uh seeing that so much of even the karnataka state itself is a northern part of that which is also witness to so many farmers and so many things that we do cricket matches that we have to bring it so a lot of mind setting triggers that our people are facing every day every moment so only thing is that we have to start right now so uh so when we can develop a vaccine less than a one year time and when we are planning now more than 70 percent of our population will population will be vaccinated within four months or five months when we are thinking that majority of our vaccine can be exported in into after meeting up our demands so i think we can do wonder anything is possible and if somebody like tgs can inspire definitely things can be possible so once again i sincerely thank you professor tgs on behalf of myself on behalf of our college and on behalf of an idea okay and then chandra again my sincere thanks to you also you know you have always been you know thinking very practically and your intentions are to create awareness in this regard you know whatever professor tjs has done today i think we will be able to take it forward and we look forward for you know many new things to happen uh you know under his guidance or the direction set up so i need to thank everybody here thank all the participants and we'll have to close this session because you know we have to go for the next session so thanks one and all thanks to you know uh my uh all technical team and thanks to professor rupa priya and everyone here i'm going to say thanks and i feel very happy that it was a successful beginning therefore you know we can go ahead thank you thank you thank you so are a much professional way of dealing each and every uh every part of this uh session including the integral session thank you thank you sir thank you it's very nice to hear that okay so it was a great start sir with this first session and your involvement in it so now uh yes we'll officially close this first session and we'll get started with the second session so dear participants now it's time for our second session so we will take five minutes break a new link has been sent to all the participants to join for the second session so we'll take uh a quick five minutes break and then return now with six twenty five sharp we will rejoin at 6 30 p.m thank you thank you thank you

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Length: 126min 55sec (7615 seconds)

Published: Fri Jun 11 2021